CN116504444A - 一种高柔性防火电缆及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及电缆技术领域,具体涉及一种高柔性防火电缆及其制备方法。该高柔性防火电缆包括缆芯和外层,所述缆芯由四根绝缘线芯相互间隔并平行纵置在阻燃填充层中构成,所述绝缘线芯由依次从内到外的铜芯导体、陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘层、交联绝缘层和屏蔽层构成,所述外层由依次从内到外的阻燃绕包层和阻燃护套层构成。本发明通过优化陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘层的成分和钙镁硅长纤维的制备方法,提高了电缆的柔性和防火性能。同时,制备方法简单实用,适用于工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电缆技术领域,尤其涉及一种高柔性防火电缆及其制备方法。
背景技术
防火电缆是消防应急状态下保证消防设备正常供电的应急电缆,防火电缆需要较高的柔性,同时防火电缆还要满足在火焰条件下的耐火性能要求。传统防火电缆的绝缘层主要有氧化镁防火绝缘和云母带缠绕耐火两种结构,氧化镁绝缘电缆的生产设备昂贵、造价高,而云母带容易受潮受潮而被击穿,所以亟需寻找一种新的绝缘层以替代传统的云母带和氧化镁。
陶瓷化防火耐火硅橡胶是防火电缆的一种“革命性”新材料, 可用于生产防火耐电缆, 其耐火性、安全性、工艺性、环保性、结壳性和隔热性远高于在耐火电线电缆行业中已经应用了近百年的云母带。陶瓷化硅橡胶材料在室温下为具有高柔性橡胶体,高温火焰下为坚硬的陶瓷体,将其应用于防火电缆可以赋予防火电缆高柔性和高防火性能。但是在实际使用过程中,高柔性和高防火性能往往使冲突的,高防火需要高强度的陶瓷体,而高强度的陶瓷体需要较高含量的无机填料,但高含量无机粉体的添加会导致硅橡胶有机聚合物的柔性下降,进而导致防火电缆的柔性下降。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提出一种高柔性防火电缆及其制备方法,以解决具有陶瓷化硅橡胶材料的防火电缆中柔性和防火性能冲突的问题。
基于上述目的,本发明提供了一种高柔性防火电缆,包括缆芯和外层,所述缆芯由四根绝缘线芯相互间隔并平行纵置在阻燃填充层中构成;所述绝缘线芯由依次从内到外的铜芯导体、陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘层、交联绝缘层和屏蔽层构成;所述外层由依次从内到外的阻燃绕包层和阻燃护套层构成;
其中,所述陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘层的组成成分按如下重量份计:甲基乙烯基硅橡胶40-60份、复合陶瓷化粉16-24份、羟基硅油4-6份、气相白炭黑12-18份、硫化剂0.5-1.5份、硼酸锌6-15份、钙镁硅长纤维1-7份。
其中,所述钙镁硅长纤维的具体制备过程如下:
S1:将硝酸钙和硝酸镁加入到去离子水中,搅拌至完全溶解,然后滴加0.5M硅酸钠水溶液,于室温,300-500rpm下搅拌12-15h,洗涤干燥,然后于800-900℃下煅烧2-4h,升温速率为2.5-3.5℃/min,最后研磨6-10h,得到钙镁硅粉末;
S2:将钙镁硅粉末加入到20wt%海藻酸钠水溶液中,再加入甲基丙烯酰化海藻酸钠,然后于室温,100-150rpm下搅拌2-6h,得到复合浆液,然后通过注射泵将复合浆液挤出到10wt%硝酸钙水溶液中,静置3-5h,最后分离,干燥12-24h,得到钙镁硅长纤维。
优选的,所述交联绝缘层为交联聚乙烯,所述阻燃填充层为耐火玻璃纤维,所述屏蔽层为镀锡铜丝,所述阻燃绕包层为云母带,所述阻燃护套层为低烟无卤聚乙烯。
优选的,所述甲基乙烯基硅橡胶的分子量为450000-700000,乙烯基摩尔分数为0.07%-0.18%。
优选的,所述羟基硅油的分子量为20000-30000,羟基摩尔分数为1.5%-3%。
优选的,所述复合陶瓷化粉的型号为CP-1。
优选的,所述硫化剂为双二五。
优选的,所述气相白炭黑的比表面积为150-200m2/g。
优选的,所述钙镁硅长纤维的长度100-150mm。
优选的,所述步骤S1中硝酸钙、硝酸镁、去离子水和0.5M硅酸钠水溶液的重量比为3-5:2-3.6:30-50:35-65。
优选的,所述步骤S2中钙镁硅粉末、20wt%海藻酸钠水溶液和甲基丙烯酰化海藻酸钠的重量比为8-12:100-150:1-1.5。
优选的,所述步骤S2中注射泵的喷嘴内径为0.1-0.3mm。
本发明还提供了上述高柔性防火电缆的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1:将甲基乙烯基硅橡胶加入混炼机中塑化3-8min,再将气相白炭黑和羟基硅油加入混炼机中,在1500-2000rpm,80-90℃下搅拌混炼30-40min,再将复合陶瓷化粉和钙镁硅长纤维加入混炼机中,在1500-2000rpm,80-90℃下搅拌混炼10-15min,再加入助溶剂,于真空环境,1500-2000rpm,80-90℃下继续搅拌40-60min,最后冷却静置22-28h,得到混合物C;
S2:将混合物C加入挤出机中混炼,在1500-2000rpm,80-90℃下搅拌混炼30-40min,然后加入硫化剂,在1500-2000rpm,80-90℃下搅拌混炼10-15min,然后,置于平板硫化机上,在140 -150℃、10-12 MPa的条件下模压硫化成型,最后绕包在铜芯导体表面,得到陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘层;
S3:将交联聚乙烯挤包于陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘层表面,得到交联绝缘层,然后在交联绝缘层表面编织镀锡铜丝,得到绝缘线芯;
S4:将四根绝缘线芯相互间隔并平行纵置,并在其中填充耐火玻璃纤维,得到缆芯;
S5:在缆芯的表面绕包云母带,得到阻燃绕包层,然后在阻燃绕包层表面挤包低烟无卤聚乙烯,得到高柔性防火电缆。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明提供了一种高柔性防火电缆及其制备方法,解决了具有陶瓷化硅橡胶材料的防火电缆中的柔性和防火性能之间的冲突。通过优化陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘层的成分和钙镁硅长纤维的制备方法,提高了电缆的柔性和防火性能。同时,制备方法简单实用,适用于工业化生产。
本发明提供了一种高柔性防火电缆及其制备方法,在陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘层中引入了钙镁硅长纤维,钙镁硅长纤维具有高强度和高模量特性,能够显著增强陶瓷化硅橡胶的力学性能,混合钙镁硅纤维后,陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘层的拉伸强度、抗裂断性能和耐磨性都得到了提升,从而增加了电缆的使用寿命和可靠性。并且,将钙镁硅长纤维添加到陶瓷化硅橡胶中,可以提高陶瓷化硅橡胶成瓷后瓷体强度,有效提升电缆的耐火性能,阻止火焰蔓延,减缓火势,保护电缆的传输功能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例1制备的高柔性防火电缆的结构示意图;
图中标记为:
1、阻燃护套层;2、阻燃绕包层;3阻燃填充层;4、屏蔽层;5、交联绝缘层;6、陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘层;7铜芯导体。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,以下结合具体实施例,对本发明进一步详细说明。
本发明实施例和对比例中所用原料的性质或者型号如下:
甲基乙烯基硅橡胶的分子量为600000,乙烯基摩尔分数为0.12%;复合陶瓷化粉的型号为CP-1;羟基硅油的分子量为23000,羟基摩尔分数为2.1%;硫化剂为双二五;气相白炭黑的比表面积为175m2/g。
实施例1
S1:将3g硝酸钙和2g硝酸镁加入到30g去离子水中,搅拌至完全溶解,然后滴加0.5M硅酸钠水溶液,于室温,300rpm下搅拌12h,洗涤干燥,然后于800℃下煅烧2h,升温速率为2.5℃/min,最后研磨6h,得到钙镁硅粉末;
S2:将8g钙镁硅粉末加入到100g 20wt%海藻酸钠水溶液中,再加入1g甲基丙烯酰化海藻酸钠,然后于室温,100rpm下搅拌2h,得到复合浆液,然后通过注射泵将复合浆液挤出到10wt%硝酸钙水溶液中,其中注射泵的喷嘴内径为0.1mm,静置3-5h,最后分离,干燥12h,得到100mm的钙镁硅长纤维;
S3:将甲基乙烯基硅橡胶加入混炼机中塑化3min,再将气相白炭黑和羟基硅油加入混炼机中,在1500rpm,80℃下搅拌混炼30min,再将复合陶瓷化粉和钙镁硅长纤维加入混炼机中,在1500rpm,80℃下搅拌混炼10min,再加入助溶剂,于真空环境,1500rpm,80℃下继续搅拌40min,最后冷却静置22h,得到混合物C;
S4:将混合物C加入挤出机中混炼,在1500rpm,80℃下搅拌混炼30min,然后加入硫化剂,在1500rpm,80℃下搅拌混炼10min,然后,置于平板硫化机上,在140℃、10 MPa的条件下模压硫化成型,最后绕包在铜芯导体表面,得到陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘层;
S5:将交联聚乙烯挤包于陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘层表面,得到交联绝缘层,然后在交联绝缘层表面编织镀锡铜丝,得到绝缘线芯;
S6:将四根绝缘线芯相互间隔并平行纵置,并在其中填充耐火玻璃纤维,得到缆芯;
S7:在缆芯的表面绕包云母带,得到阻燃绕包层,然后在阻燃绕包层表面挤包低烟无卤聚乙烯,得到高柔性防火电缆。
实施例2
S1:将4g硝酸钙和2.5g硝酸镁加入到40g去离子水中,搅拌至完全溶解,然后滴加0.5M硅酸钠水溶液,于室温,400rpm下搅拌13h,洗涤干燥,然后于830℃下煅烧3h,升温速率为2.9℃/min,最后研磨8h,得到钙镁硅粉末;
S2:将10g钙镁硅粉末加入到115g 20wt%海藻酸钠水溶液中,再加入1.2g甲基丙烯酰化海藻酸钠,然后于室温,120rpm下搅拌4h,得到复合浆液,然后通过注射泵将复合浆液挤出到10wt%硝酸钙水溶液中,其中注射泵的喷嘴内径为0.2mm,静置4h,最后分离,干燥20h,得到125mm的钙镁硅长纤维;
S3:将甲基乙烯基硅橡胶加入混炼机中塑化6min,再将气相白炭黑和羟基硅油加入混炼机中,在1800rpm,85℃下搅拌混炼35min,再将复合陶瓷化粉和钙镁硅长纤维加入混炼机中,在1800rpm,85℃下搅拌混炼12min,再加入助溶剂,于真空环境,1800rpm,85℃下继续搅拌55min,最后冷却静置26h,得到混合物C;
S4:将混合物C加入挤出机中混炼,在1800rpm,85℃下搅拌混炼33min,然后加入硫化剂,在1800rpm,85℃下搅拌混炼13min,然后,置于平板硫化机上,在145℃、11 MPa的条件下模压硫化成型,最后绕包在铜芯导体表面,得到陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘层;
S5:将交联聚乙烯挤包于陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘层表面,得到交联绝缘层,然后在交联绝缘层表面编织镀锡铜丝,得到绝缘线芯;
S6:将四根绝缘线芯相互间隔并平行纵置,并在其中填充耐火玻璃纤维,得到缆芯;
S7:在缆芯的表面绕包云母带,得到阻燃绕包层,然后在阻燃绕包层表面挤包低烟无卤聚乙烯,得到高柔性防火电缆。
实施例3
S1:将5g硝酸钙和3g硝酸镁加入到50g去离子水中,搅拌至完全溶解,然后滴加0.5M硅酸钠水溶液,于室温,500rpm下搅拌15h,洗涤干燥,然后于900℃下煅烧4h,升温速率为3.5℃/min,最后研磨10h,得到钙镁硅粉末;
S2:将12g钙镁硅粉末加入到150g 20wt%海藻酸钠水溶液中,再加入1.5g甲基丙烯酰化海藻酸钠,然后于室温,150rpm下搅拌6h,得到复合浆液,然后通过注射泵将复合浆液挤出到10wt%硝酸钙水溶液中,其中注射泵的喷嘴内径为0.3mm,静置5h,最后分离,干燥24h,得到150mm的钙镁硅长纤维;
S3:将甲基乙烯基硅橡胶加入混炼机中塑化8min,再将气相白炭黑和羟基硅油加入混炼机中,在2000rpm,90℃下搅拌混炼40min,再将复合陶瓷化粉和钙镁硅长纤维加入混炼机中,在2000rpm,90℃下搅拌混炼15min,再加入助溶剂,于真空环境,2000rpm,90℃下继续搅拌60min,最后冷却静置28h,得到混合物C;
S4:将混合物C加入挤出机中混炼,在2000rpm,90℃下搅拌混炼30-40min,然后加入硫化剂,在2000rpm,90℃下搅拌混炼10-15min,然后,置于平板硫化机上,在150℃、12MPa的条件下模压硫化成型,最后绕包在铜芯导体表面,得到陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘层;
S5:将交联聚乙烯挤包于陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘层表面,得到交联绝缘层,然后在交联绝缘层表面编织镀锡铜丝,得到绝缘线芯;
S6:将四根绝缘线芯相互间隔并平行纵置,并在其中填充耐火玻璃纤维,得到缆芯;
S7:在缆芯的表面绕包云母带,得到阻燃绕包层,然后在阻燃绕包层表面挤包低烟无卤聚乙烯,得到高柔性防火电缆。
对比例1
对比例1与实施例2的不同在于:所述步骤S3中没有添加钙镁硅长纤维。
对比例2
S1:将10g二氧化硅粉末加入到115g 20wt%海藻酸钠水溶液中,再加入1.2g甲基丙烯酰化海藻酸钠,然后于室温,120rpm下搅拌4h,得到复合浆液,然后通过注射泵将复合浆液挤出到10wt%硝酸钙水溶液中,其中注射泵的喷嘴内径为0.2mm,静置4h,最后分离,干燥20h,得到125mm的二氧化硅长纤维;
S2:将甲基乙烯基硅橡胶加入混炼机中塑化6min,再将气相白炭黑和羟基硅油加入混炼机中,在1800rpm,85℃下搅拌混炼35min,再将复合陶瓷化粉和二氧化硅长纤维加入混炼机中,在1800rpm,85℃下搅拌混炼12min,再加入助溶剂,于真空环境,1800rpm,85℃下继续搅拌55min,最后冷却静置26h,得到混合物C;
其余步骤同实施例2。
对比例3
对比例1与实施例2的不同在于:所述步骤S2中没有添加甲基丙烯酰化海藻酸钠。
性能测试
(1)陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘层的性能测试
将实施例和对比例的陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘层裁剪成标准样条,进行如下测试。
力学性能:按照ASTM/D638标准,采用CTM2050万能材料试验机测试样条拉伸强度和断裂伸长率,拉伸速度为50mm/min,测试结果如表1。
绝缘性能:按照GB/T 1692—2008标准,采用高绝缘电阻测试仪测试样条的电阻率,测试电压为1 kV,测试结果如表1。
表1 陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘层的性能测试结果
拉伸强度/MPa | 断裂伸长率/% | 电阻率/Ω/m | |
实施例1 | 8.45 | 525 | 5.5×1015 |
实施例2 | 9.32 | 593 | 7.4×1015 |
实施例3 | 10.05 | 648 | 9.3×1015 |
对比例1 | 5.38 | 312 | 3.2×1015 |
对比例2 | 6.45 | 384 | 4.9×1015 |
对比例3 | 6.93 | 391 | 5.8×1015 |
数据分析:从实施例1-3可以看出,本发明制备陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘层具有较高的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率,表明其韧性较高,柔性较高,进而可以赋予防火电缆高的柔性。
(2)高柔性防火电缆的性能测试
将实施例和对比例的防火电缆裁剪成1.2m长度,进行如下测试。
氧指数: 根据GB_T 2406.2-2009塑料用氧指数法测定燃烧行为。
防火性能:根据GB/T 19216.2-2021 ,测试电缆长度为1.2m,电压380v,点燃喷灯后启动冲击发生装置,5min后以及之后每隔5min,敲击试验梯架,每次敲击棒在敲击后20s内从试验梯架上提起,计时器启动后接通电源,供火和敲击时间为90min,根据终端指示灯的指示情况判断是否能够能够持续供电,结果如表2所示。
表2 高柔性防火电缆的防火性能测试
氧指数LOI/% | 950-1000℃×90min,指示灯是否熄灭 | |
实施例1 | 46 | 否 |
实施例2 | 47 | 否 |
实施例3 | 47 | 否 |
对比例1 | 38 | 否 |
对比例2 | 42 | 否 |
对比例3 | 44 | 否 |
数据分析:本发明制备的高柔性防火电缆可以GB/T 19216.2-2021的防火性能测试,具有优异防火性能,从实施例2和对比例1-3可以看出,将本发明制备的钙镁硅长纤维加入到防火电缆的陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘层后,防火电缆的阻燃性能有所提高。
所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解:以上任何实施例的讨论仅为示例性的,并非旨在暗示本发明的范围(包括权利要求)被限于这些例子;在本发明的思路下,以上实施例或者不同实施例中的技术特征之间也可以进行组合,步骤可以以任意顺序实现,并存在如上所述的本发明的不同方面的许多其它变化,为了简明它们没有在细节中提供。
本发明旨在涵盖落入所附权利要求的宽泛范围之内的所有这样的替换、修改和变型。因此,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何省略、修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种高柔性防火电缆,其特征在于,包括缆芯和外层:所述缆芯由四根绝缘线芯相互间隔并平行纵置在阻燃填充层中构成;所述绝缘线芯由依次从内到外的铜芯导体、陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘层、交联绝缘层和屏蔽层构成;所述外层由依次从内到外的阻燃绕包层和阻燃护套层构成;
所述陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘层的组成成分按如下重量份计:甲基乙烯基硅橡胶40-60份、复合陶瓷化粉16-24份、羟基硅油4-6份、气相白炭黑12-18份、硫化剂0.5-1.5份、硼酸锌6-15份、钙镁硅长纤维1-7份;
所述钙镁硅长纤维的具体制备过程如下:
S1:将硝酸钙和硝酸镁加入到去离子水中,搅拌至完全溶解,然后滴加0.5M硅酸钠水溶液,于室温,300-500rpm下搅拌12-15h,洗涤干燥,然后于800-900℃下煅烧2-4h,升温速率为2.5-3.5℃/min,最后研磨6-10h,得到钙镁硅粉末;
S2:将钙镁硅粉末加入到20wt%海藻酸钠水溶液中,再加入甲基丙烯酰化海藻酸钠,然后于室温,100-150rpm下搅拌2-6h,得到复合浆液,然后通过注射泵将复合浆液挤出到10wt%硝酸钙水溶液中,静置3-5h,最后分离,干燥12-24h,得到钙镁硅长纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高柔性防火电缆,其特征在于,所述交联绝缘层为交联聚乙烯,所述阻燃填充层为耐火玻璃纤维,所述屏蔽层为镀锡铜丝,所述阻燃绕包层为云母带,所述阻燃护套层为低烟无卤聚乙烯。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高柔性防火电缆,其特征在于,所述甲基乙烯基硅橡胶的分子量为450000-700000,乙烯基摩尔分数为0.07%-0.18%,所述羟基硅油的分子量为20000-30000,羟基摩尔分数为1.5%-3%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高柔性防火电缆,其特征在于,所述复合陶瓷化粉的型号为CP-1,所述硫化剂为双二五。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高柔性防火电缆,其特征在于,所述气相白炭黑的比表面积为150-200m2/g。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高柔性防火电缆,其特征在于,所述钙镁硅长纤维的长度100-150mm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的高柔性防火电缆,其特征在于,所述步骤S1中硝酸钙、硝酸镁、去离子水和0.5M硅酸钠水溶液的重量比为3-5:2-3.6:30-50:35-65。
8.根据权利要求1所述的高柔性防火电缆,其特征在于,所述步骤S2中钙镁硅粉末、20wt%海藻酸钠水溶液和甲基丙烯酰化海藻酸钠的重量比为8-12:100-150:1-1.5。
9.根据权利要求1所述的高柔性防火电缆,其特征在于,所述步骤S2中注射泵的喷嘴内径为0.1-0.3mm。
10.一种根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的高柔性防火电缆的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1:将甲基乙烯基硅橡胶加入混炼机中塑化3-8min,再将气相白炭黑和羟基硅油加入混炼机中,在1500-2000rpm,80-90℃下搅拌混炼30-40min,再将复合陶瓷化粉和钙镁硅长纤维加入混炼机中,在1500-2000rpm,80-90℃下搅拌混炼10-15min,再加入助溶剂,于真空环境,1500-2000rpm,80-90℃下继续搅拌40-60min,最后冷却静置22-28h,得到混合物C;
S2:将混合物C加入挤出机中混炼,在1500-2000rpm,80-90℃下搅拌混炼30-40min,然后加入硫化剂,在1500-2000rpm,80-90℃下搅拌混炼10-15min,然后,置于平板硫化机上,在140 -150℃、10-12 MPa的条件下模压硫化成型,最后绕包在铜芯导体表面,得到陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘层;
S3:将交联聚乙烯挤包于陶瓷化硅橡胶绝缘层表面,得到交联绝缘层,然后在交联绝缘层表面编织镀锡铜丝,得到绝缘线芯;
S4:将四根绝缘线芯相互间隔并平行纵置,并在其中填充耐火玻璃纤维,得到缆芯;
S5:在缆芯的表面绕包云母带,得到阻燃绕包层,然后在阻燃绕包层表面挤包低烟无卤聚乙烯,得到高柔性防火电缆。
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