CN116498322A - Filling mining method for improving filling roof-grafting rate of approach mining - Google Patents
Filling mining method for improving filling roof-grafting rate of approach mining Download PDFInfo
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- CN116498322A CN116498322A CN202310755989.6A CN202310755989A CN116498322A CN 116498322 A CN116498322 A CN 116498322A CN 202310755989 A CN202310755989 A CN 202310755989A CN 116498322 A CN116498322 A CN 116498322A
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- filling
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
Abstract
The invention provides a filling mining method for improving the filling roof-grafting rate of the approach mining, and relates to the technical field of filling mining. The method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: stopes are stoped from bottom to top in a way of route stoping; erecting a filling pipeline in a goaf formed after stoping is completed; dividing the filling pipeline into a plurality of sections along the length direction, and arranging a drain hole in the filling pipeline of each section; the aperture and the number of the drainage holes in each section are calculated according to a flow formula, and the calculation principle is as follows: equalizing the design leakage flow of each segment; and arranging a sealing wall at the inlet of the stope for sealing, then starting filling operation, enabling filling slurry to enter the filling pipeline, entering the goaf through the drainage hole, and completing stope filling after filling is connected with the roof. By the mode, the invention can keep the drainage flow of each section of the filling pipeline consistent in the filling process after the stope is stoped, so that the stope filling roof-connecting rate is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of filling mining, in particular to a filling mining method for improving the filling roof-grafting rate of approach mining.
Background
The approach type filling mining method is used as a common mining method of underground metal mines, can be suitable for different types of ore bodies and mining environments, is beneficial to comprehensively improving the recovery rate, shortens the exposure time of a goaf, and has the advantages of safety and high efficiency.
Currently, when an underground metal mine performs a filling operation in an entry mining stope, a filling pipe is usually fed by way of a single pipe end natural outflow. The mode makes the filling slurry fall down intensively, can not eliminate the vibration and damage effects of the pipeline caused by hydraulic transient flow and cavitation collapse, and can also have a certain impact disturbance effect on the mining area slurry. More importantly, the filling operation of the stope access adopts a single-point blanking mode to fill, a certain self-flow gradient is formed on the surface of a filling body, and further the filling roof-connecting rate is reduced, so that the stability of the access is affected.
The patent with the publication number of CN114046176A provides a filling roof-connecting device and a filling roof-connecting method for an access stope, and the patent realizes multi-pipe multi-point simultaneous discharging or multi-pipe multi-point stepwise discharging by respectively arranging feeding openings of three filling branch pipes with different lengths at the inlet end, the middle part and the tail part of an access way and adjusting the flow direction of slurry by switching a gate valve during discharging, thereby ensuring the filling roof-connecting effect. Compared with the conventional single-pipe single-point blanking mode, the multi-pipe multi-point blanking mode provided by the patent can improve the filling top-connecting rate to a certain extent, but because the flow rates of slurry flowing out of different filling branch pipes are different, the filling rates at different positions in the inlet are inconsistent, and the uniformity of a filling body is influenced; and the cost and the difficulty of pipeline layout can be increased by a multi-pipe blanking mode, so that the method is inconvenient for practical application.
In view of the foregoing, there is a need for an improved filling mining method for increasing the filling roof-top ratio of the entry mining to solve the above-mentioned problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a filling mining method for improving a filling roof rate of an approach mining, which can safely and efficiently improve the filling roof rate of a stope in a simple operation manner and at a low cost.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a filling mining method for increasing a filling roof-grafting rate of an approach mining, comprising the steps of:
s1, stoping is carried out on a stope from bottom to top in a way of route stoping;
s2, erecting a filling pipeline on a top plate of a goaf along the length direction of a stope in the goaf formed after stoping is completed;
s3, dividing the filling pipeline into a plurality of sections along the length direction, and arranging a drain hole in the filling pipeline of each section; the aperture and the number of the drainage holes in each section are calculated according to a flow formula, and the calculation principle is as follows: equalizing the design leakage flow of each segment;
s4, arranging a sealing wall at the inlet of the stope for sealing, then starting filling operation, enabling filling slurry to enter the filling pipeline, entering the goaf through the drainage hole, and completing stope filling after filling is connected with the roof.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S3, the aperture and number of the drain holes in each segment are calculated as follows:
s31, determining the designed leakage flow and the average working water head of the segment through hydraulic calculation:
wherein N is the number of segments; q (Q) i Designing leakage flow for the ith section; q is the input flow of the filling pipeline; h i An average working head for the ith section; h is a i Working head for the ith segment, h fi Head loss for the i-th segment;
s32, calculating the total drain hole area of the segment according to the design drain flow and the average working water head obtained in the step S31:
wherein S is i Total of ith segmentDrain hole area; μ is the flow coefficient; g is gravity acceleration;
s33, determining the aperture of the single drain hole, and calculating the number of the drain holes according to the total drain hole area.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the step S33, the aperture of the single drain hole is 2-4 cm.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S33, when the total drain hole area is < 20cm 2 When the aperture of the single drainage hole is 2cm; when the total drainage hole area is 20-100 cm 2 When the aperture of the single drainage hole is 3-4 cm; when the total drainage hole area is more than 100cm 2 The aperture of the single drain hole is 4cm when the single drain hole is in use.
As a further development of the invention, in step S3, the drain opening is provided at the bottom of the filling line.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in the filling operation, every time the filling is performed to a predetermined height, it is necessary to first stand for a predetermined time and then perform the next filling in step S4.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the predetermined height is 1m, and the predetermined time is 8 hours or more.
As a further improvement of the invention, the length of the stope is 20-60 m, and the height of the stope is less than 6m.
As a further development of the invention, the length of each segment is 10m.
As a further improvement of the invention, the outer diameter of the filling pipeline is 110mm, and the inner diameter is 90mm.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. according to the filling mining method for improving the filling roof-connecting rate of the route mining, when filling is carried out after route stoping, a drain hole is formed in the bottom of a filling pipeline, so that single-pipe multipoint blanking is realized. In the process of arranging the drain holes, the filling pipeline is divided into a plurality of sections, and the aperture and the number of the drain holes in each section are designed according to the principle that the drain flow in each section is equal, so that the drain flow of different sections in the finally formed filling pipeline is basically kept the same, and the stope filling roof-connecting rate can be effectively improved.
2. The filling mining method for improving the filling roof-grafting rate of the approach mining is simple and convenient in practical operation, safe and efficient and low in cost. Compared with the traditional single-pipe single-point blanking process, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the vibration and damage effects of the pipeline caused by the method are obviously reduced, the impact on stope filling slurry is smaller, the self-retaining gradient is reduced, the filling roof-grafting rate is obviously improved, and the method can be widely applied to underground metal mine route type mining stope filling.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a main structure in a stope in a filling mining method according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic overall structure of the filling pipe in embodiment 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the filling pipe in example 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the bottom of the filling pipe in embodiment 1.
Reference numerals:
1-goaf; 2-filling the pipeline; 21-drainage holes; 3-a sealing wall; 4-filling the slurry.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
It should be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention due to unnecessary details, only structures and/or processing steps closely related to aspects of the present invention are shown in the drawings, and other details not greatly related to the present invention are omitted.
In addition, it should be further noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The invention provides a filling mining method for improving the filling roof-grafting rate of an approach mining, wherein a main body structure diagram in a stope is shown in fig. 1, and the mining method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, stoping is carried out on a stope from bottom to top in a way of route stoping;
s2, erecting a filling pipeline 2 on a top plate of the goaf 1 along the length direction of a stope in the goaf 1 formed after stoping is completed;
s3, dividing the filling pipeline 2 into a plurality of sections along the length direction averagely, and arranging a drain hole 21 in each section of the filling pipeline 2; the aperture and the number of the drain holes 21 in each segment are calculated according to a flow formula, and the calculation principle is as follows: equalizing the design leakage flow of each segment;
s4, arranging a sealing wall 3 at the stope entrance to seal, then starting filling operation, enabling filling slurry 4 to enter the filling pipeline 2, entering the goaf 1 through the drainage hole 21, and completing stope filling after filling is connected with the roof.
Through the mode, the existing single-pipe single-point or multi-pipe multi-point blanking mode can be improved into single-pipe multi-point blanking, and uniform drainage of different sections in the filling pipeline 2 can be realized in a low-cost, simple and efficient mode, so that the filling roof-connecting rate is remarkably improved, and the safe and smooth filling mining process is ensured.
Specifically, in step S3, the aperture and the number of the drain holes 21 in each segment are calculated according to the following steps:
s31, determining the designed leakage flow and the average working water head of the segment through hydraulic calculation:
wherein N is the number of segments; q (Q) i Designing leakage flow for the ith section; q is the input flow of the filling pipeline; h i An average working head for the ith section; h is a i Working head for the ith segment, h fi For the ith pointHead loss of the segment;
s32, calculating the total drain hole area of the segment according to the design drain flow and the average working water head obtained in the step S31:
wherein S is i Total drain hole area for the ith segment; μ is the flow coefficient; g is gravity acceleration;
s33, determining the aperture of the single drain hole 21, and calculating the number of the drain holes 21 according to the total drain hole area.
More specifically, in step S31, the head loss h of each segment fi The calculation is performed by the following formula:
wherein K is the flow modulus; q i Inputting flow for the pipe head of the ith section; q is the leakage flow per unit length; l is the length of the segment; a is the cross-sectional area of the pipeline; r is the hydraulic radius, and the numerical value is equal to one fourth of the pipe diameter; c is a sorting coefficient; n is the wall roughness.
In step S33, the aperture of the drain hole 21 is determined in accordance with the filler slurry 4 and the total drain hole area. In some embodiments of the present invention, full-tailing paste filling is used, if the size of the drain hole 21 is too small, the drain hole 21 is easily blocked by paste, and the hole diameter of the drain hole 21 is preferably 2-4 cm in comprehensive consideration; when the total drainage hole area is less than 20cm 2 The aperture of the single drain hole 21 is 2cm when; when the total drainage hole area is 20-100 cm 2 When the air leakage hole is formed, the aperture of the single air leakage hole 21 is 3-4 cm; when the total drainage hole area is more than 100cm 2 The aperture of the single drain hole 21 is 4cm when it is.
Preferably, the drain hole 21 is formed at the bottom of the filling pipe 2, so as to effectively prevent pipe blockage. If the drain hole 21 is arranged at the top of the filling pipeline 2, the pipe body is easy to be blocked due to too much slime; if the drain hole 21 is provided in the middle of the filling pipe 2, the filling paste is easily thrown at both sides of the stope in a section where the pressure is high.
In step S4, each time the filling operation is performed to a predetermined height, the filling operation needs to be performed for a predetermined time and then the next filling operation is performed. Preferably, in some embodiments of the present invention, the predetermined height is 1m and the predetermined time is 8 hours or more.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the length of the stope is preferably 20-60 m, and the height of the stope is preferably less than 6m; the length of each segment is preferably 10m; the outer diameter of the filling pipe is preferably 110mm and the inner diameter is preferably 90mm.
The filling mining method for improving the filling roof-grafting rate of the approach mining provided by the invention is specifically described below with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a filling mining method for improving the filling roof-grafting rate of the approach mining, which comprises the following steps:
s1, stoping is carried out on a stope from bottom to top in a way of route stoping.
Wherein, the stope length is 30m, and the height is 5m, and the width is 5m.
S2, erecting a filling pipeline 2 on the top plate of the goaf 1 along the longitudinal direction of a stope in the goaf 1 formed after stoping is completed.
The filling pipe 2 is made of HDPE (high-density polyethylene) pipe, the outer diameter is 110mm, the inner diameter is 90mm, and the length is 30m.
S3, dividing the filling pipeline 2 into three sections in the length direction, wherein the length of each section is 10m, and the bottom of each section of the filling pipeline 2 is provided with a drain hole 21, and the schematic structural diagrams of the filling pipeline 2 under different viewing angles are shown in figures 2-4; the aperture and the number of the drain holes 21 in each segment are calculated according to a flow formula, and the calculation principle is as follows: the design leakage flow of each segment is equal, and the specific steps are as follows:
s31, carrying out hydraulic calculation through the following formula, and determining the designed drainage flow and the average working water head of each segment:
wherein n is the number of segments, n=3; q (Q) i Designing leakage flow for the ith section; q is the input flow of the filling line, in this embodiment q=0.022 m 3 /s；H i An average working head for the ith section; h is a i Working head for the ith segment, h fi Head loss for each section of the i-th section; k is the flow modulus; q i Inputting flow for the pipe head of the ith section; q is the leakage flow per unit length, q=0.022 +.30= 0.00073m 3 /(s.m); l is the length of the segment, l=10m; a is the cross-sectional area of the pipe, a= 0.00636m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the R is the hydraulic radius, numerically equal to one-fourth of the tube inside diameter, r=0.0225 m; c is a sorting coefficient; n is the wall roughness, and in this example, the value is 0.01.
From the above equation, it can be calculated:
Q 1 =Q 2 =Q 3 =Q÷N=0.022÷3=0.0073 m 3 /s；
C=R 1/6 ÷n=0.0225 1/6 ÷0.01=53.13 m 1/2 /s；
K=A·C·R 1/2 =0.00636×53.13×0.0225 1/2 =0.05069 m 3 /s；
q 1 =Q=0.022m 3 /s；
q 2 =Q-Q 1 =0.022-0.0073=0.0147m 3 /s；
q 3 =Q-Q 1 -Q 2 =0.022-0.0073-0.0073=0.0074m 3 /s；
h 1 =h f1 +h f2 +h f3 =1.328+0.429+0.072=1.892m；
h 2 =h f2 +h f3 =0.492+0.072=0.564m；
h 3 =h f3 =0.072m；
H 1 =h 1 -h f1 ÷2=1.892-1.328÷2=1.228m；
H 2 =h 2 -h f2 ÷2=0.564-0.492÷2=0.318m；
H 3 =h 3 -h f3 ÷2=0.072-0.072÷2=0.036m。
s32, calculating the total drain hole area of the segment according to the design drain flow and the average working water head obtained in the step S31 and the following formula:
wherein S is i Total drain hole area for the ith segment; mu is the flow coefficient and the value is 0.6; g is gravity acceleration, g=9.8m 2 /s。
From the above equation, it can be calculated:
s33, comprehensively referring to the total drainage hole areas of the three sections and the full tailing paste filling slurry used in the embodiment, determining that the aperture of the drainage hole of the first section is 3cm, the aperture of the drainage hole of the second section is 4cm, and the aperture of the drainage hole of the third section is 4cm; and calculating the number of the drain holes in each section according to the determined drain hole aperture.
Specifically, in the first segment, the area of the single drain hole is 7.065cm 2 The number of the drain holes can be calculated to be about 3 according to the total drain hole area; in the second section, the area of the single drainage aperture was 12.56cm 2 The number of the drain holes can be approximately calculated to be about 4 according to the total drain hole area; in the third segment, the area of the single drain hole was 12.56cm 2 According to the totalThe drain hole area can be approximately calculated to be about 12 drain holes.
S4, arranging a sealing wall 3 at the stope entrance to seal, then starting filling operation, enabling filling slurry 4 to enter the filling pipeline 2, entering the goaf through the drainage hole 21, standing for more than 8 hours after filling to 1m each time, and then filling the stope until filling is completed after roof connection.
After site detection and filling mining by adopting the mode, the stope roof is obviously unfilled with a dead zone, and the stope roof has a good roof-connecting effect.
In summary, the invention provides a filling mining method for improving the filling roof-connecting rate of the approach mining, and relates to the technical field of filling mining. The method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: stopes are stoped from bottom to top in a way of route stoping; erecting a filling pipeline in a goaf formed after stoping is completed; dividing the filling pipeline into a plurality of sections along the length direction, and arranging a drain hole in the filling pipeline of each section; the aperture and the number of the drainage holes in each section are calculated according to a flow formula, and the calculation principle is as follows: equalizing the design leakage flow of each segment; and arranging a sealing wall at the inlet of the stope for sealing, then starting filling operation, enabling filling slurry to enter the filling pipeline, entering the goaf through the drainage hole, and completing stope filling after filling is connected with the roof. By the mode, the invention can keep the drainage flow of each section of the filling pipeline consistent in the filling process after the stope is stoped, so that the stope filling roof-connecting rate is improved.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A filling mining method for increasing a filling roof-grafting rate of an approach mining, comprising the steps of:
s1, stoping is carried out on a stope from bottom to top in a way of route stoping;
s2, erecting a filling pipeline on a top plate of a goaf along the length direction of a stope in the goaf formed after stoping is completed;
s3, dividing the filling pipeline into a plurality of sections along the length direction, and arranging a drain hole in the filling pipeline of each section; the aperture and the number of the drainage holes in each section are calculated according to a flow formula, and the calculation principle is as follows: equalizing the design leakage flow of each segment;
s4, arranging a sealing wall at the inlet of the stope for sealing, then starting filling operation, enabling filling slurry to enter the filling pipeline, entering the goaf through the drainage hole, and completing stope filling after filling is connected with the roof.
2. The filling mining method for increasing a filling roof-attachment rate of an approach mining according to claim 1, wherein: in step S3, the aperture and number of the drain holes in each segment are calculated according to the following steps:
s31, determining the designed leakage flow and the average working water head of the segment through hydraulic calculation:
；
wherein N is the number of segments; q (Q) i Designing leakage flow for the ith section; q is the input flow of the filling pipeline; h i An average working head for the ith section; h is a i Working head for the ith segment, h fi Head loss for the i-th segment;
s32, calculating the total drain hole area of the segment according to the design drain flow and the average working water head obtained in the step S31:
；
wherein S is i Total drain hole area for the ith segment; μ is the flow coefficient; g is gravity acceleration;
s33, determining the aperture of the single drain hole, and calculating the number of the drain holes according to the total drain hole area.
3. The filling mining method for increasing a filling roof-attachment rate of an approach mining according to claim 2, wherein: in step S33, the aperture of the single drainage hole is 2-4 cm.
4. A filling mining method for increasing a filling roof-attachment rate of an approach mining according to claim 3, wherein: in step S33, when the total drain hole area is < 20cm 2 When the aperture of the single drainage hole is 2cm; when the total drainage hole area is 20-100 cm 2 When the aperture of the single drainage hole is 3-4 cm; when the total drainage hole area is more than 100cm 2 The aperture of the single drain hole is 4cm when the single drain hole is in use.
5. The filling mining method for increasing a filling roof-attachment rate of an approach mining according to claim 1, wherein: in step S3, the drain hole is opened at the bottom of the filling pipe.
6. The filling mining method for increasing a filling roof-attachment rate of an approach mining according to claim 1, wherein: in step S4, each time the filling operation is performed to a predetermined height, the filling operation needs to be performed for a predetermined time and then the next filling operation is performed.
7. The filling mining method for increasing a filling roof-grafting rate of an approach mining according to claim 6, wherein: the predetermined height is 1m, and the predetermined time is 8h or more.
8. The filling mining method for increasing a filling roof-attachment rate of an approach mining according to claim 1, wherein: the length of the stope is 20-60 m, and the height of the stope is less than 6m.
9. The filling mining method for increasing a filling roof-attachment rate of an approach mining according to claim 1, wherein: each segment has a length of 10m.
10. The filling mining method for increasing a filling roof-attachment rate of an approach mining according to claim 1, wherein: the outer diameter of the filling pipeline is 110mm, and the inner diameter of the filling pipeline is 90mm.
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