CN116497252A - High-temperature-resistant and thermal-cracking-resistant cast aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-temperature-resistant and thermal-cracking-resistant cast aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 78
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 78
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910018182 Al—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910018131 Al-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910018461 Al—Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910018575 Al—Ti Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910018580 Al—Zr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000521 B alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum copper Chemical compound [Al].[Cu] WPPDFTBPZNZZRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QDMRQDKMCNPQQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N boranylidynetitanium Chemical compound [B].[Ti] QDMRQDKMCNPQQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001902 chlorine oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/14—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention provides a high-temperature-resistant and hot-cracking-resistant cast aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, which solve the technical problems that the mechanical properties of the existing aluminum alloy can not meet the requirements of high-temperature conditions, and the hot-cracking-resistant performance and the forming performance are poor, and the cast aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu content is 5-10%, er content is 0.3-5%, mn content is 0.3-2%, zr content is 0.1-1.5%, ti content is 0.05-0.35%, fe content is less than or equal to 0.5%, si content is less than or equal to 0.5%, total amount of other elements is less than or equal to 0.2%, and the balance is Al. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the cast aluminum alloy, which comprises the steps of weighing copper-containing material, erbium-containing material, manganese-containing material, zirconium-containing material, titanium-containing material and aluminum-containing material according to the proportion of cast aluminum alloy elements, smelting the copper-containing material, erbium-containing material, manganese-containing material, zirconium-containing material and aluminum-containing material, adding titanium-containing material for refining treatment after smelting, and then carrying out casting molding, solution treatment and aging treatment to obtain the cast aluminum alloy. Can be widely applied to the field of metal materials.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of metal materials, in particular to a high-temperature-resistant and thermal cracking-resistant cast aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Aluminum alloy is a light metal with good electric conductivity, thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, mechanical property, machining property, formability and regenerability, and in recent years, new energy automobiles, especially hydrogen engine applications, require higher working temperatures and working pressures. Meanwhile, with the rapid development of the aerospace industry, the flight speed of the aviation and spacecrafts is continuously improved, and a great amount of heat is generated by friction between the spacecrafts and the atmosphere, so that the external temperature of the spacecrafts is continuously increased, and higher requirements are put on the heat resistance of the structural materials of the aviation and spacecrafts. However, the existing aluminum alloy for casting is difficult to meet the requirement, and the industry has set higher requirements on the working temperature of the aluminum alloy.
At present, high-temperature-resistant cast aluminum alloys can be divided into two types, one type is based on aluminum silicon, copper, zirconium, scandium and other elements are added, and the working temperature of the alloy is generally limited to be lower than 200 ℃. The other is developed with aluminum copper as the basic component, and the alloy can work at higher temperature. The main chemical components of the successful LA205A aluminum alloy are (4.6-5.3) wt.% Cu,1.5wt.% Mg, (0.3-0.5) wt.% Mn, (0.05-0.2) wt.% Zr, (0.15-0.35) wt.% Ti, (0.15-0.35) wt.% Cd and the balance Al; the tensile strength at 300 ℃ is 170MPa, and the elongation is 3.5%. The other widely used A201 aluminum alloy has the main components of (4.0-5.0) wt.% Cu, (0.15-0.35) wt.% Mg, (0.4-1.0) wt.% Ag, (0.2-0.4) wt.% Mn, (0.05-0.2) wt.% Zr, (0.15-0.35) wt.% Ti, and the balance being Al; the tensile strength at 300 ℃ is 140MPa, and the elongation is 12%.
However, the above materials mainly have two problems, namely, the requirement on the mechanical properties of the materials under the current high temperature condition is still difficult to meet, the high temperature properties of the alloy are mainly obtained by adding Cu element, the biggest problem brought is that the heat cracking resistance is poor, and the forming property of the alloy is poor, so that the development of an aluminum alloy with the high temperature properties and the heat cracking resistance is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provide the high-temperature-resistant and heat-crack-resistant cast aluminum alloy and the preparation method thereof, so that the mechanical properties of the alloy meet the requirements of high-temperature conditions, the heat-crack resistance is improved, and the forming property of the alloy is improved.
Therefore, the invention provides a high-temperature-resistant and heat-crack-resistant cast aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
cu content is 5-10%, er content is 0.3-5%, mn content is 0.3-2%, zr content is 0.1-1.5%, ti content is 0.05-0.35%, fe content is less than or equal to 0.5%, si content is less than or equal to 0.5%, total amount of other elements is less than or equal to 0.2%, and the balance is Al.
Or comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
6 to 8 percent of Cu, 0.8 to 3 percent of Er, 0.3 to 1.5 percent of Mn, 0.1 to 1.5 percent of Zr, 0.05 to 0.35 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.5 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.5 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of the total amount of other elements, and the balance of Al.
Preferably, the weight ratio of Er to Cu element in the cast aluminum alloy is (0.05-0.84): 1.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the high-temperature-resistant and heat-crack-resistant cast aluminum alloy, which comprises the following operation steps:
weighing copper-containing materials, erbium-containing materials, manganese-containing materials, zirconium-containing materials, titanium-containing materials and aluminum-containing materials according to the proportion of elements in the cast aluminum alloy, smelting the copper-containing materials, the erbium-containing materials, the manganese-containing materials, the zirconium-containing materials and the aluminum-containing materials, adding the titanium-containing materials for refining treatment after smelting, casting and molding, and carrying out one-stage or multi-stage solution treatment and aging treatment to obtain the cast aluminum alloy.
Preferably, the copper-containing material is added in the form of a pure copper ingot or an Al-Cu intermediate alloy, the erbium-containing material is added in the form of an Al-Er intermediate alloy, the manganese-containing material is added in the form of an Al-Mn intermediate alloy, the zirconium-containing material is added in the form of an Al-Zr intermediate alloy, the titanium-containing material is added in the form of an Al-Ti or Al-Ti-B intermediate alloy, and the aluminum-containing material is added in the form of a pure aluminum ingot.
Preferably, the smelting temperature is 750-800 ℃, the refining temperature is 700-750 ℃, and the casting forming temperature is 700-730 ℃.
Preferably, after finishing the refining treatment, the temperature is reduced to 700-730 ℃ for melt purification, inert gas degassing refining, standing for 2-30 min, slagging off, and casting and forming.
Preferably, the solution treatment adopts a primary solution treatment process, and the aging treatment adopts a primary aging treatment process: solution heat treatment is carried out for not more than 35 hours at the temperature of 450-550 ℃ and then aging treatment is carried out for not more than 40 hours at the temperature of 150-220 ℃.
Preferably, the solution treatment adopts a two-stage solution heat treatment process: first, carrying out primary solid solution heat treatment for not more than 15 hours at the temperature of 440-510 ℃, and then carrying out secondary solid solution heat treatment for not more than 20 hours at the temperature of 510-550 ℃.
Preferably, the solution treatment adopts a three-stage solution heat treatment process: the temperature is kept for 0.5 to 10 hours at 440 to 480 ℃, then the temperature is raised to 480 to 510 ℃ for 0.5 to 15 hours, and finally the temperature is raised to 510 to 550 ℃ for 0.5 to 10 hours.
Preferably, the aging treatment adopts a secondary aging treatment process: firstly, preserving heat for 1-16 h at 150-165 ℃, and then preserving heat for 6-24 h at 180-200 ℃.
Preferably, the aging treatment adopts a three-stage aging treatment process: firstly, preserving heat for 1-10 h at 150-165 ℃, then preserving heat for 6-15 h at 170-190 ℃, and finally, raising the temperature to 190-220 ℃ and preserving heat for 8-15 h.
The invention provides a high-temperature-resistant and heat-crack-resistant cast aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, and the aluminum alloy has the following main beneficial effects:
(1) According to the invention, through optimizing the components of the alloy, the alloy has good heat crack resistance; through optimizing the heat treatment process, a large number of tiny dispersed strengthening phases can be obtained, and the heat treatment process has good mechanical properties and excellent high-temperature mechanical properties;
(2) According to the cast aluminum alloy, the tensile strength at 300 ℃ is more than or equal to 210MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 7% by adjusting the content, the proportion and the existence form of Er element and Cu element in the alloy;
(3) According to the cast aluminum alloy disclosed by the invention, the solidus temperature of the alloy is adjusted through the Er element, the solidification temperature interval of the alloy is shortened, and the thermal cracking resistance of the alloy is improved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects to be solved by the present application more clear, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the present application. The method used in the invention is a conventional method unless specified otherwise; the raw materials and devices used, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional commercial products.
The embodiment of the invention provides a high-temperature-resistant and hot-cracking-resistant cast aluminum alloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
cu content is 5-10%, er content is 0.3-5%, mn content is 0.3-2%, zr content is 0.1-1.5%, ti content is 0.05-0.35%, fe content is less than or equal to 0.5%, si content is less than or equal to 0.5%, total amount of other elements is less than or equal to 0.2%, and the balance is Al.
In some embodiments, the cast aluminum alloy contains the following components in mass percent:
6 to 8 percent of Cu, 0.8 to 3 percent of Er, 0.3 to 1.5 percent of Mn, 0.1 to 1.5 percent of Zr, 0.05 to 0.35 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.5 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.5 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of the total amount of other elements, and the balance of Al.
In some embodiments, the weight ratio of Er to Cu elements in the cast aluminum alloy is (0.05-0.84): 1.
The corresponding content of the elements related to the invention is obtained through specific experimental tests and principle analysis, and when the content of each element is in the range, the high-temperature-resistant and heat-cracking-resistant cast aluminum alloy with excellent comprehensive performance can be obtained, the tensile strength at 300 ℃ is more than or equal to 210MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 7%, and meanwhile, the high-temperature-resistant and heat-cracking-resistant cast aluminum alloy has good heat-cracking resistance and can meet industrial requirements.
In the description of the present invention, "other elements" refer to other elements than the elements in the cast aluminum alloy composition provided by the present invention, which may be metallic elements or nonmetallic elements, and in general, "other elements" exist as impurities, generally derived from impurities contained in raw materials in the preparation of cast aluminum alloys, and the cast aluminum alloy provided by the present invention allows higher mechanical properties to be maintained in the presence of a certain amount of other elements, for example, the total amount of other elements is less than or equal to 0.2%. Excessive other elements easily cause problems of reduced elongation, cracking products, poor corrosion resistance and the like of the cast aluminum alloy.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a method for preparing the high-temperature-resistant and heat-crack-resistant cast aluminum alloy, which comprises the following operation steps:
weighing copper-containing materials, erbium-containing materials, manganese-containing materials, zirconium-containing materials, titanium-containing materials and aluminum-containing materials according to the proportion of elements in the cast aluminum alloy, smelting the copper-containing materials, the erbium-containing materials, the manganese-containing materials, the zirconium-containing materials and the aluminum-containing materials, adding the titanium-containing materials for refining treatment after smelting, casting and molding, and carrying out one-stage or multi-stage solution treatment and aging treatment to obtain the cast aluminum alloy.
The copper-containing material, erbium-containing material, manganese-containing material, zirconium-containing material, titanium-containing material, aluminum-containing material may be a material capable of providing various elements necessary for preparing the cast aluminum alloy of the present invention, and may be an alloy or a pure metal containing the above elements, as long as the constituent components in the cast aluminum alloy obtained after melting the added magnesium alloy raw material are within the above ranges.
In some embodiments, the copper-containing material is added as a pure copper ingot or an Al-Cu master alloy, the erbium-containing material is added as an Al-Er master alloy, the manganese-containing material is added as an Al-Mn master alloy, the zirconium-containing material is added as an Al-Zr master alloy, the titanium-containing material is added as an Al-Ti or Al-Ti-B master alloy, and the aluminum-containing material is added as a pure aluminum ingot.
In some embodiments, the melting temperature is 750 ℃ to 800 ℃, the refining temperature is 700 ℃ to 750 ℃, and the casting forming temperature is 700 ℃ to 730 ℃.
In order to solid-solution the heterogeneous alloy precipitated phase precipitated in the cooling process into the alpha (Al) solid solution matrix, eliminate element segregation of the alloy in the solidification process and prevent the occurrence of overburning, the invention can adopt one-stage or multi-stage solid solution treatment, wherein the multi-stage solid solution treatment is double-stage solid solution treatment or three-stage solid solution treatment.
In some embodiments, the solution heat treatment is performed for no more than 35 hours at a temperature ranging from 450 ℃ to 550 ℃ and then the aging treatment is performed for no more than 40 hours at a temperature ranging from 150 ℃ to 220 ℃.
In some embodiments, the solution treatment employs a two-stage solution heat treatment process: first, carrying out primary solid solution heat treatment for not more than 15 hours at the temperature of 440-510 ℃, and then carrying out secondary solid solution heat treatment for not more than 20 hours at the temperature of 510-550 ℃.
In some embodiments, the solution treatment employs a three stage solution heat treatment process: the temperature is kept for 0.5 to 10 hours at 440 to 480 ℃, then the temperature is raised to 480 to 510 ℃ for 0.5 to 15 hours, and finally the temperature is raised to 510 to 550 ℃ for 0.5 to 10 hours.
The invention adopts a multi-stage solution treatment process, can effectively prevent the occurrence of the overburning phenomenon, and can improve the quenching temperature of the alloy, so that the precipitated phases generated in the casting process of the alloy can be dissolved into the alloy solid solution as much as possible.
In some embodiments, the aging process employs a two stage aging process: firstly, preserving heat for 1-16 h at 150-165 ℃, and then preserving heat for 6-24 h at 180-200 ℃.
In some embodiments, the aging treatment employs a three stage aging treatment process: firstly, preserving heat for 1-10 h at 150-165 ℃, then preserving heat for 6-15 h at 170-190 ℃, and finally, raising the temperature to 190-220 ℃ and preserving heat for 8-15 h.
The regulation and control of the alloy strengthening phase are mainly carried out from the following two aspects: (1) controlling precipitation of the strengthening phase by adjusting alloy components; (2) The precipitation of the strengthening phase is controlled through a multistage aging heat treatment process. Through the regulation and control of the precipitation of the alloy strengthening phase, the invention obtains the precipitation strengthening phase with fine dispersion.
In some embodiments, after finishing the refining treatment, the temperature is reduced to 700-730 ℃ to carry out melt purification, inert gas degassing refining, standing for 2-30 min, slagging off, and casting molding. In the actual production process, alloy components, density index (gas content), oxide content and the like need to be tested after slag skimming, and casting molding is performed after the alloy components, the density index (gas content), the oxide content and the like are qualified.
As a preferred technical scheme, the quality control of the melt needs to comprise gas content control, melt purification, oxide and impurity content control, use of a refiner and the like. Wherein:
the control of the gas content is mainly the control of the hydrogen content. The melt density index is generally controlled to be less than 1%, preferably less than 0.5%. If the gas content in the melt is high, degassing with an inert gas such as nitrogen, argon or the like is required.
The control of melt purification, oxide and impurity content is mainly achieved by adding trace elements. For example, trace rare earth elements can be added to purify aluminum alloy melt, and trace chlorine or boron oxide can be added to remove slag. The rare earth element is a single rare earth element or more than one mixed rare earth element, preferably one or more than one of La, ce, pr, nd, Y, sc.
The use of the refiner in the refining treatment comprises one or more of common titanium boron alloy or special trace elements such as zirconium, vanadium, chromium and the like. These elements are generally added in an amount of less than 0.15wt.%.
Specifically, the cast aluminum alloy related elements and the functions and preparation process thereof are analyzed as follows:
according to the invention, er element is added into an Al-Cu alloy system. First, er element and Cu element form high-melting point Cu 2 The Er intermetallic compound has very good high-temperature stability, so that the high-temperature strength of the alloy can be remarkably improved. And secondly, after the high-melting-point Er element is added, the solidus temperature of the alloy is increased, and the solidification temperature range of the alloy is reduced, so that the thermal cracking resistance of the alloy can be greatly improved. However, excessive addition of Er can obviously reduce the plasticity of the alloy and increase the manufacturing cost of the alloy, so that the addition amount of Er is proper.
In addition, the grain size of the as-cast alloy of the alloy can be refined by appropriately adding the alloying elements Ti and Zr. The alloy also contains some unavoidable alloying elements of Fe and Si. In order to reduce the harm of Fe element, mn element is properly added.
In order to obtain better high-temperature strength and plastic comprehensive mechanical properties, the morphology and distribution of Er-Cu intermetallic compounds in the alloy need to be controlled, and fine and dispersed tissue characteristics are obtained. For this reason, it is necessary to change coarse er—cu intermetallic compounds formed during casting solidification into fine dispersed second phases. First, the Er-containing and Cu-containing phases were completely solid-dissolved in the aluminum matrix by solution treatment. Secondly, the second phase comprising Er-Cu is precipitated in the alloy as fine particles by adopting aging treatment, so that the optimal strength and plasticity matching is obtained.
In addition, the adoption of the multi-stage solution treatment process can effectively prevent the occurrence of the overburning phenomenon, and can improve the quenching temperature of the alloy, so that the precipitated phases generated in the casting process of the alloy can be dissolved into the alloy solid solution as much as possible.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples and comparative examples.
TABLE 1 alloy compositions (mass%)
| Cu | Er | Mn | Zr | Ti | Fe | Si | Others | Al | |
| Example 1 | 5.0 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | ≤0.2 | Allowance of |
| Example 2 | 6.0 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | ≤0.2 | Allowance of |
| Example 3 | 7.0 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | ≤0.2 | Allowance of |
| Example 4 | 8.0 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | ≤0.2 | Allowance of |
| Example 5 | 9.0 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | ≤0.2 | Allowance of |
| Example 6 | 10.0 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | ≤0.2 | Allowance of |
| Example 7 | 6.0 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | ≤0.2 | Allowance of |
| Example 8 | 6.0 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | ≤0.2 | Allowance of |
| Example 9 | 6.0 | 2.0 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | ≤0.2 | Allowance of |
| Example 10 | 6.0 | 3.0 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | ≤0.2 | Allowance of |
| Example 11 | 6.0 | 5.0 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | ≤0.2 | Allowance of |
| Example 12 | 5.0 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.35 | 0.3 | 0.4 | ≤0.2 | Allowance of |
| Example 13 | 5.0 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 0.30 | 0.5 | 0.2 | ≤0.2 | Allowance of |
| Example 14 | 5.0 | 1.2 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 0.05 | 0.4 | 0.5 | ≤0.2 | Allowance of |
| Comparative example 1 | 4.8 | - | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.15 | - | - | 1.0Mg，0.2Cd | Allowance of |
| Comparative example 2 | 4.5 | - | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.20 | - | - | 0.2Mg，0.5Ag | Allowance of |
Examples 1 to 14
Examples 1 to 14 are for illustrating the high temperature resistant and heat crack resistant cast aluminum alloy disclosed in the present invention and a method for preparing the same, respectively, comprising the following steps:
1) Preparing a simple substance containing various elements and an intermediate alloy according to the compositions of the cast aluminum alloys shown in examples 1 to 14 in the above table 1;
2) Firstly smelting a pure aluminum ingot, adding a pure copper ingot or an Al-Cu intermediate alloy, an Al-Er intermediate alloy, an Al-Mn intermediate alloy and an Al-Zr intermediate alloy after the temperature reaches 750-800 ℃, and preserving the heat at 700-800 ℃;
3) Adding Al-Ti or Al-Ti-B intermediate alloy at 700-750 ℃ for refining treatment;
4) Reducing the temperature to 700-730 ℃ for melt purification, inert gas degassing refining, standing for 2-30 min, slagging off, testing components, density index (gas content) and oxide content, and pouring after being qualified;
5) And (3) carrying out solution heat treatment at 450 ℃ for 12 hours, and carrying out aging treatment at 170 ℃ for 10 hours to finally obtain the cast aluminum alloy.
Comparative examples 1 to 2
Comparative examples 1 to 2 are for comparative illustration of the high temperature resistant and heat crack resistant cast aluminum alloy and the method for producing the same, respectively, disclosed in the present invention, comprising most of the operation steps in example 1, which are different in that: the elemental substances and alloys of the respective elements were calculated according to the elemental compositions of the cast aluminum alloys shown in comparative examples 1 to 2 in table 1, and the elemental substances and alloy raw materials of the respective elements were charged into a melting furnace to be melted. Other operations were consistent with example 1 to obtain cast aluminum alloys of comparative examples 1 to 2.
Performance test:
cast aluminum alloys prepared in the above examples 1 to 14 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were subjected to the following performance tests, respectively, in which:
room temperature mechanical property test: according to GB/T228.1-2021 first part of a tensile test sample of metallic material: testing the method in room temperature test method;
mechanical property test at 300 ℃): testing according to the method in GB/T4338-2006 high temperature tensile test method of Metal Material;
thermal cracking tendency test: the method is carried out by referring to a method in JB/T4022.2-1999 "determination of hot tearing tendency of alloy casting property test method", and the hot tearing force under the same casting condition is selected as an evaluation standard. The smaller the thermal cracking force, the more pronounced the thermal cracking tendency; the greater the heat crack force, the less the heat crack tendency, indicating that the alloy has greater resistance to heat cracks.
The test results of the cast aluminum alloy samples prepared in examples 1 to 14 and comparative examples 1 to 2 are shown in Table 2 below.
TABLE 2 mechanical Properties and hot cracking resistance of cast aluminum alloy samples
From the test results of table 2 above, it can be seen that:
in comparative examples 1 and 2, the cast aluminum alloy contains Cu element, so that the cast aluminum alloy can obtain very good high-temperature performance, the tensile strength at 300 ℃ respectively reaches 170MPa and 140MPa, the elongation reaches 3.5% and 12%, but the thermal cracking stress is only 8.6kN and 9.0kN, so that the thermal cracking is very easy to generate, and the use of the cast is influenced.
Compared with comparative examples 1-2, er element is added into cast aluminum alloy at the same time, so that the solidus temperature of the alloy is effectively increased, and the thermal cracking stress is obviously increased. The heat cracking resistance of the alloy is obviously improved. The room temperature tensile strength of the alloy increases with increasing Cu element in the alloy, but the elongation decreases, and the thermal cracking stress decreases with increasing Cu element in the alloy, and the thermal cracking resistance of the alloy decreases. But the high temperature properties of the alloy increase.
As the content of Er element in the cast aluminum alloy increases, the high-temperature performance and the hot cracking resistance of the alloy also increase, but the weight percentage ratio of Er element to Cu element is kept in the range of (0.05-0.84): 1, so that the best strength and hot cracking resistance can be obtained. Excessive Er elements can raise the liquidus temperature of the alloy, increase the content of oxidized impurities and are unfavorable for alloy casting.
The Ti and Zr elements in the cast aluminum alloy are mainly used for refining the grain size of the cast alloy, so as to obtain better room temperature mechanical property. The Fe and Si elements are inevitable alloying elements in the alloy, and good performance can be obtained as long as the control is not overrun. The addition of Mn element is to eliminate the content of Fe element in the alloy, and is generally controlled to be 1-3 times of the highest content of Fe element.
Examples 15 to 44
Examples 15 to 44 are provided for further explanation of the disclosed high temperature resistant and hot cracking resistant cast aluminum alloy and method of producing the same, alloy composition as the cast aluminum alloy described in example 3, the method of producing comprising most of the steps of example 3, except for the solution treatment and aging treatment, to test the effect of the alloy heat treatment regime on the mechanical properties of the cast aluminum alloy, see in particular table 3 below; other operations were consistent with example 3, ultimately resulting in a cast aluminum alloy.
Comparative examples 3 to 4
Comparative examples 3 to 4 are for further comparative illustration of the cast aluminum alloys of the present disclosure and the methods of producing the same, with the same alloy composition as the cast aluminum alloy described in example 3, comprising most of the steps of example 3, except for the solution treatment and aging treatment, to test the effect of the alloy heat treatment regime on the mechanical properties of the cast aluminum alloy, see in particular table 3 below; other operations were consistent with example 3, ultimately resulting in a cast aluminum alloy.
Performance test:
cast aluminum alloys prepared in the above examples 15 to 44 and comparative examples 3 to 4 were subjected to the following performance tests, in which:
room temperature mechanical property test: according to GB/T228.1-2021 first part of a tensile test sample of metallic material: testing the method in room temperature test method;
mechanical property test at 300 ℃): testing according to the method in GB/T4338-2006 high temperature tensile test method of Metal Material;
the test results of the cast aluminum alloy samples prepared in examples 15 to 44 and comparative examples 3 to 4 are shown in Table 3 below.
TABLE 3 influence of heat treatment System on mechanical Properties of cast aluminum alloy samples
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From the test results of table 3 above, it can be seen that:
comparative example 3 the solution treatment temperature was lower than the set solution temperature and the solution time was shorter than the set solution time, resulting in coarse Cu of the alloy 2 Er does not realize complete solid solution, and therefore cannot exert the effect of second phase dispersion strengthening. Likewise, comparative example 4 does not allow Cu to be obtained at an aging temperature of less than 150 ℃ 2 The Er phase is precipitated, and thus the dispersion strengthening effect is not achieved, and thus the mechanical properties of comparative documents 3 to 4 are inferior to those of examples 3 and 15 to 17.
As can be seen from the above examples 1 to 44, the heat treatment system of the cast aluminum alloy affects the room temperature mechanical properties and the high temperature mechanical properties of the alloy, and as long as the solution temperature and the time are controlled and the time-efficient temperature and the time are within the designed range, the very good room temperature and high temperature mechanical properties can be obtained. Therefore, the same high strength effect can be achieved by adopting multi-stage heat treatment, and the risk of overburning can be avoided.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present application is not intended to be limiting, but is intended to cover any and all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The high-temperature-resistant and heat-crack-resistant cast aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
cu content is 5-10%, er content is 0.3-5%, mn content is 0.3-2%, zr content is 0.1-1.5%, ti content is 0.05-0.35%, fe content is less than or equal to 0.5%, si content is less than or equal to 0.5%, total amount of other elements is less than or equal to 0.2%, and the balance is Al.
2. The high-temperature-resistant and heat-crack-resistant cast aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
6 to 8 percent of Cu, 0.8 to 3 percent of Er, 0.3 to 1.5 percent of Mn, 0.1 to 1.5 percent of Zr, 0.05 to 0.35 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.5 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.5 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of the total amount of other elements, and the balance of Al.
3. The high-temperature-resistant and thermal cracking-resistant cast aluminum alloy according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass ratio of Er to Cu is 0.05-0.84:1.
4. A method of preparing a high temperature and hot cracking resistant cast aluminum alloy according to any of claims 1-3, comprising the steps of:
and weighing copper-containing materials, erbium-containing materials, manganese-containing materials, zirconium-containing materials, titanium-containing materials and aluminum-containing materials according to the required proportion of the elements in the cast aluminum alloy, smelting the copper-containing materials, the erbium-containing materials, the manganese-containing materials, the zirconium-containing materials and the aluminum-containing materials, adding the titanium-containing materials for refining treatment after smelting, casting and molding, and carrying out one-stage or multi-stage solution treatment and aging treatment to obtain the cast aluminum alloy.
5. The method for preparing the high-temperature-resistant and heat-resistant cast aluminum alloy according to claim 4, wherein after the refining treatment is finished, the temperature is reduced to 700-730 ℃ for melt purification, inert gas degassing refining, and after standing for 2-30 min, slag skimming is carried out, and casting molding is carried out.
6. A method for producing a high temperature resistant and hot cracking resistant cast aluminum alloy as defined in claim 4, wherein the solution heat treatment is performed for not more than 35 hours at a temperature ranging from 450 ℃ to 550 ℃ and the aging treatment is performed for not more than 40 hours at a temperature ranging from 150 ℃ to 220 ℃.
7. A method of preparing a high temperature resistant hot crack resistant cast aluminum alloy as defined in claim 4 wherein said solution treatment employs a two stage solution heat treatment process: first, carrying out primary solid solution heat treatment for not more than 15 hours at the temperature of 440-510 ℃, and then carrying out secondary solid solution heat treatment for not more than 20 hours at the temperature of 510-550 ℃.
8. A method of preparing a high temperature resistant hot crack resistant cast aluminum alloy as defined in claim 4 wherein said solution treatment employs a three stage solution heat treatment process: the temperature is kept for 0.5 to 10 hours at 440 to 480 ℃, then the temperature is raised to 480 to 510 ℃ for 0.5 to 15 hours, and finally the temperature is raised to 510 to 550 ℃ for 0.5 to 10 hours.
9. The method for preparing the high temperature resistant and heat crack resistant cast aluminum alloy as recited in claim 4, wherein the aging treatment adopts a two-stage aging treatment process: firstly, preserving heat for 1-16 h at 150-165 ℃, and then preserving heat for 6-24 h at 180-200 ℃.
10. The method for preparing the high temperature resistant and heat crack resistant cast aluminum alloy as recited in claim 4, wherein the aging treatment adopts a three-stage aging treatment process: firstly, preserving heat for 1-10 h at 150-165 ℃, then preserving heat for 6-15 h at 170-190 ℃, and finally, raising the temperature to 190-220 ℃ and preserving heat for 8-15 h.
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| CN102021448A (en) * | 2009-09-11 | 2011-04-20 | 贵州华科铝材料工程技术研究有限公司 | Be-RE high-strength heat-resistant aluminium alloy material with C as modifier and preparation method thereof |
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