CN115558828B - Heat-resistant low-vanadium Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy and application thereof - Google Patents
Heat-resistant low-vanadium Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115558828B CN115558828B CN202211512835.6A CN202211512835A CN115558828B CN 115558828 B CN115558828 B CN 115558828B CN 202211512835 A CN202211512835 A CN 202211512835A CN 115558828 B CN115558828 B CN 115558828B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C25/00—Alighting gear
- B64C25/32—Alighting gear characterised by elements which contact the ground or similar surface
- B64C25/34—Alighting gear characterised by elements which contact the ground or similar surface wheeled type, e.g. multi-wheeled bogies
- B64C25/36—Arrangements or adaptations of wheels, tyres or axles in general
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
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- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heat-resistant low-vanadium Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy and application thereof. The alloy has the advantages that the composition proportion is designed, the synergistic effect among elements is fully utilized, the microalloying of the aluminum alloy is promoted through the trace V, the structure crystal grains are promoted to be refined, the second phase in dispersion distribution is formed in the aluminum alloy, the precipitation and dispersion distribution of the omega phase are increased, meanwhile, the coarsening of the omega phase is inhibited, and the service life and the service temperature are improved. The mechanical property of the aluminum alloy is controlled by controlling key process parameters of all steps, the improvement of deformation energy storage is avoided, the substructure strengthening is realized, and the heat resistance of the material is improved by combining solid solution and single-stage aging heat treatment. The alloy material has excellent high-temperature mechanical property, and can meet the mechanical property requirement of an airplane hub.
Description
Technical Field
The invention provides a heat-resistant aluminum alloy material, and particularly relates to a heat-resistant low-vanadium Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy and application thereof, belonging to the field of aluminum alloys.
Background
2 xxx-series (Al-Cu) alloys, which are representative of age-hardenable aluminum alloys, have excellent overall mechanical properties and are generally considered to be the better heat resistant series of aluminum-based alloys. The aircraft is in violent friction with air during high-speed flight, generates a large amount of heat, and causes the temperature of the surface of the aircraft to be rapidly increased, so that the skin material of the aircraft is exposed to the environment above higher temperature for a long time. Under the temperature condition, the traditional alloy has the rapid degradation of the microstructure, so that the mechanical property is rapidly reduced, and the requirement of the aircraft on the heat resistance of the skin material in high-speed flight cannot be met. The Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy has very high strength and excellent heat resistance, and is widely applied to the industrial field, particularly the aerospace field, and is an important structural material of an aerospace vehicle.
The heat resistance of the Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy used in China at present has a certain gap compared with the heat resistance of the Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy used in China at foreign level, further optimization of components and processes are needed, and the performance is improved mainly by controlling the evolution of a microstructure so as to meet the requirements of space flight and aviation. The main method for researching the Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy is to improve the heat resistance of the material by increasing Cu/Mg and adding other elements to carry out micro-alloying on the alloy, the micro mechanism of the Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy is to inhibit coarsening of omega phase with a habit surface of {111} alpha and increase the proportion of other heat-resistant phases, although the heat resistance of the aluminum alloy is improved to a certain extent by the optimization mode of the components and the process, once the use temperature of the material exceeds 200 ℃, the material still can be obviously softened and cannot cope with the complex working conditions of an aviation aircraft. Therefore, the market needs an aluminum alloy material with higher strength and better heat resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the first object of the invention is to provide a heat-resistant low-vanadium Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy, which is based on the synergistic action among all the element components, and through V microalloying, the structure crystal grains are refined, a second phase which is distributed in a dispersed manner is formed in the aluminum alloy, the recrystallization temperature is increased, the precipitation of an omega phase is increased, the dispersion distribution of the omega phase is facilitated, meanwhile, the coarsening of the omega phase is inhibited, so that the prepared aluminum alloy has higher strength under the condition of high-temperature heat exposure, and the service life and temperature are improved; the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy is controlled by controlling key process parameters of all steps in the preparation process of the alloy, and by means of three-stage homogenization treatment, hot rolling and other treatment modes, the improvement of deformation energy storage is avoided, and meanwhile, substructure strengthening is realized, and solid solution and single-stage aging heat treatment are combined, so that the purpose that the aluminum alloy can still keep high strength at high temperature for a long time is realized.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide application of the heat-resistant low-vanadium Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy for preparing airplane hubs. The heat-resistant low-vanadium aluminum alloy provided by the invention has excellent mechanical properties and heat resistance, and tests show that the yield strength and the tensile strength of the alloy material are not lower than 330MPa and not lower than 410MPa after the alloy material is subjected to heat exposure for 120 hours at 200 ℃; after the further thermal explosion exposure is prolonged to 300 hours, the yield strength is not lower than 290MPa, the tensile strength is not lower than 380MPa, and the requirements of the airplane wheel hub on the mechanical properties of the material can be met.
In order to realize the technical purpose, the invention provides a heat-resistant low-vanadium Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4.8 to 5.2 percent of Cu, 0.5 to 0.7 percent of Mg, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of Ag, 0.5 to 0.7 percent of Mn, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of V, 0.02 to 0.1 percent of Zr, 0.02 to 0.05 percent of Ti, 0.05 to 0.1 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Si, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable impurities; the preparation process of the alloy comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the aluminum alloy raw materials and then smelting to obtain an alloy ingot; carrying out homogenization treatment, hot rolling and heat treatment on the alloy ingot in sequence to obtain the alloy ingot; the homogenization treatment is three-stage homogenization heat treatment, and the heat treatment conditions of each stage are as follows: the temperature rise gradient is 25 to 35 ℃, the temperature rise rate is 10 to 15 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 5 to 36h.
The alloy material provided by the invention promotes the structure crystal grains to be refined through V micro-alloying based on the synergistic effect among all the element components, forms a second phase which is dispersed and distributed in the aluminum alloy, improves the recrystallization temperature, increases the precipitation and the dispersion distribution of an omega phase, inhibits the coarsening of the omega phase, ensures that the prepared aluminum alloy has higher strength under the condition of high-temperature heat exposure, and improves the service life and the service temperature.
The preparation process of the alloy provided by the invention controls the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy by controlling key process parameters of each step, realizes substructure strengthening while avoiding improving deformation energy storage through three-stage homogenization treatment, hot rolling and other treatment modes, and combines solid solution and single-stage aging heat treatment, thereby realizing the purpose of improving the high strength of the aluminum alloy at high temperature for a long time.
The preferable scheme is that the alloy comprises 4.85-5% of Cu4.85%, 0.58-0.68% of Mg0.58, 0.4-0.5% of Ag0.55-0.65%, 0.1-0.28% of Mn0.55, 0.05-0.1% of Zr0.05, 0.02-0.05% of Ti0.05%, 0.05-0.1% of Zn0.05% or less of Fe, 0.01% or less of Si, and the balance of aluminum and non-removable impurities.
The proportion of each element of the alloy material provided by the invention is strictly executed according to the requirements, if the content of Cu and Mg exceeds a limited range, the Cu/Mg ratio is correspondingly changed, the precipitation proportion and the size of various strengthening phases (mainly omega phases) in the alloy material structure are correspondingly changed, and the alloy performance is further reduced; if the proportion of the alloy elements such as V, mn exceeds the required proportion, the second phase in the alloy becomes coarse, and a refractory coarse second phase appears during smelting and casting, so that the plasticity of the alloy is poor and the strength is reduced.
As a preferable scheme, the aluminum alloy raw material comprises: high purity aluminum, industrial pure magnesium, high purity silver, industrial pure zinc, aluminum copper master alloy, aluminum vanadium master alloy, aluminum manganese master alloy, aluminum zirconium master alloy, and aluminum titanium master alloy.
As a preferable scheme, the purity of the high-purity aluminum is more than or equal to 99.99 percent, the purity of the industrial pure magnesium is more than or equal to 99.95 percent, the purity of the high-purity silver is more than or equal to 99.99 percent, and the purity of the industrial pure zinc is more than or equal to 99.95 percent.
The preparation process strictly controls the purity of the material, reduces the contents of Fe and Si elements, and avoids forming a coarse brittle phase to influence the plasticity of the alloy; meanwhile, V microalloying elements are utilized to refine grains, effectively inhibit the coarsening speed of the omega phase at high temperature and improve the heat resistance of the alloy.
As a preferable scheme, the content of copper in the aluminum-copper intermediate alloy is more than or equal to 50.0%, the content of vanadium in the aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy is more than or equal to 5.0%, the content of manganese in the aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy is more than or equal to 10.0%, the content of zirconium in the aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy is more than or equal to 4.0%, and the content of titanium in the aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy is more than or equal to 10.0%. The content of each transition metal in the intermediate alloy is strictly performed according to the requirements, the valence states of the components of the second phase in the smelting and casting process can be controlled by controlling the content of the transition metal in the intermediate alloy, and if the proportion of the transition metal in the intermediate alloy is changed, the second phase of the aluminum-transition metal with different valence states can be contained in the alloy.
In a preferable scheme, the smelting temperature is 750 to 780 ℃.
As a preferable scheme, the homogenization treatment is a three-stage homogenization heat treatment, and the process comprises the following steps: heating the cast ingot to 450 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat for 5 to 8 hours, increasing the temperature to 480 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 10 to 15 ℃/min, preserving heat for 5 to 8 hours, increasing the temperature to 510 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 10 to 15 ℃/min, preserving heat for 24 to 36hours, and then discharging the cast ingot out of the furnace and cooling the cast ingot to room temperature.
The three-stage homogenization heat treatment adopted by the invention has the process conditions determined according to the improvement of the comprehensive performance of the Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy. The alloy is kept at 480 +/-5 ℃ for 5~8 hours, so that the precipitation of dispersed phase particles is facilitated, the grain structure is refined, recrystallization is inhibited, and simultaneously the precipitation of omega phase in the subsequent processing and solid solution aging treatment processes is promoted, so that the aim of jointly improving the mechanical property of the alloy through the synergistic effect of grain boundary strengthening and precipitated phase is fulfilled; according to the three-stage homogenization heat treatment mode provided by the invention, the element components in the alloy can be promoted to be fully and uniformly diffused, and all dendrites are eliminated.
As a preferred embodiment, the hot rolling is a multi-stage hot rolling, which comprises the following steps: heating the ingot subjected to homogenization treatment to 460 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat for 70-120min, rolling for 8-12 times, wherein the thickness variation of the alloy rolled in each time is 2-4 mm, and cooling to room temperature in air after rolling is finished.
According to the invention, the alloy ingot is subjected to deformation treatment by adopting multi-pass hot rolling, so that the structure of the ingot is homogenized, particularly, a coarse second phase is fully crushed and homogenized, the comprehensive performance of the alloy is improved, and a deformation structure with uniform deformation, small size of the second phase and uniform distribution is obtained, thereby improving the mechanical property of the material.
As a preferred aspect, the heat treatment includes solution treatment and unipolar aging treatment.
As a preferable scheme, the solution treatment process comprises the following steps: and heating the ingot after hot rolling to 500-515 ℃, preserving heat for 1-2h, discharging from a furnace, and carrying out water quenching to room temperature.
As a preferred scheme, the process of the unipolar aging treatment is as follows: heating the ingot subjected to the solution treatment to 160-170 ℃, preserving heat for 11-12h, discharging from a furnace, and carrying out water quenching to room temperature.
The invention also provides a detailed preparation process of the heat-resistant low-vanadium Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy, which comprises the following steps:
A. smelting: high-purity aluminum, high-purity magnesium, high-purity silver, high-purity zinc, aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy and aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy are taken as raw materials; wherein, the purity of high-purity aluminum is more than or equal to 99.99 percent, the purity of industrial pure magnesium is more than or equal to 99.95 percent, the purity of high-purity silver is more than or equal to 99.99 percent, the purity of industrial pure zinc is more than or equal to 99.95 percent, the content of copper in the aluminum-copper intermediate alloy is more than or equal to 50.0 percent, the content of vanadium in the aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy is more than or equal to 5.0 percent, the content of manganese in the aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy is more than or equal to 10.0 percent, the content of zirconium in the aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy is more than or equal to 4.0 percent, and the content of titanium in the aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy is more than or equal to 10.0 percent; weighing raw materials according to the component ratio, loading into a resistance furnace, and heating and melting;
B. a mould: designing and preparing a steel mould with a certain size according to the size of the aluminum alloy ingot; the wall thickness more than or equal to 30mm of steel mould acts as the centre form, upwards encircles the cooling tube from steel mould outer wall bottom, lets in the cooling water in the pipe, and cooling water temperature and flow can be controlled, adopt sand mould as the external mold, and wherein steel mould is 1 with sand mould thickness ratio: (2~5) the gating system is a steel die gating system; controlling the cooling water temperature and the cooling speed by controlling the flow rate;
C. refining, impurity removal and degassing: after the metal melt is completely alloyed, adding an impurity removing agent into the alloy melt for slag gathering, simultaneously introducing argon for 10 to 20 minutes, standing and slagging off, repeating the operation for 2~3 times, and then standing the aluminum alloy melt for more than 20 minutes;
D. pouring: after the aluminum alloy melt is refined, purified and degassed, keeping the melt temperature at 730 +/-5 ℃, and pouring the melt to a mold prepared by the design of B for cooling and solidification to obtain an ingot;
E. three-stage homogenization heat treatment: d, heating the ingot obtained in the step D to 450 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat for 5 hours at the temperature, raising the temperature to 480 +/-5 ℃ at a speed of 15 ℃/min, preserving heat for 5 hours, finally raising the temperature to 510 +/-5 ℃ at a speed of 15 ℃/min, preserving heat for 24 hours, discharging the ingot out of the furnace, and cooling the ingot to room temperature;
F. hot rolling: and E, heating the homogenized ingot obtained in the step E to 460 +/-5 ℃ in a resistance furnace, preserving heat for 90min, and then carrying out multi-pass hot rolling until the final thickness of the alloy is 2.5mm, wherein the thickness change of each pass of the alloy in the rolling process is as follows: 32mm → 30mm → 27mm → 23mm → 20mm → 18mm → 14mm → 9mm → 7mm → 5mm → 4mm → 2.5mm; cold cutting lubrication is adopted during rolling, and metal rolling emulsion is used; and air cooling to room temperature after rolling.
G. And (3) heat treatment: firstly, carrying out solid solution treatment, heating the isothermal deformation workpiece to 510 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, discharging and water quenching; and then, carrying out single-stage aging treatment, heating the solid solution treatment piece to 165 ℃, preserving heat for 11 to 12h, discharging from a furnace, and carrying out water quenching to obtain a finished piece.
The invention also provides application of the heat-resistant low-vanadium Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy to preparation of airplane hubs. The heat-resistant low-vanadium aluminum alloy provided by the invention has excellent mechanical properties and heat resistance, and through tests, the yield strength of the alloy material is not lower than 330MPa and the tensile strength is not lower than 410MPa after the alloy material is subjected to heat exposure for 120 hours at 200 ℃; after the further thermal explosion exposure is prolonged to 300 hours, the yield strength is not lower than 290MPa, the tensile strength is not lower than 380MPa, and the requirements of the airplane wheel hub on the mechanical properties of the material can be met.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1) The Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy provided by the invention is based on the synergistic effect among all the element components, and the structure crystal grains are refined through V micro-alloying, a second phase which is dispersed and distributed is formed in the aluminum alloy, the recrystallization temperature is improved, the precipitation of an omega phase is increased, the dispersion and distribution of the omega phase are facilitated, meanwhile, the coarsening of the omega phase is inhibited, the prepared aluminum alloy has higher strength under the condition of high-temperature heat exposure, and the service life and temperature are improved.
2) According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy is controlled by controlling key process parameters of each step in the preparation process, and the aim of improving the high strength of the aluminum alloy at high temperature for a long time by combining the sub-structure strengthening and the solid solution and single-stage aging heat treatment while avoiding improving the deformation energy storage is fulfilled by three-stage homogenization treatment, hot rolling and other treatment modes.
3) In the technical scheme provided by the invention, the heat-resistant low-vanadium aluminum alloy provided by the invention has excellent mechanical property and heat resistance, and tests show that the yield strength of the alloy material is not lower than 330MPa and the tensile strength is not lower than 410MPa after the alloy material is subjected to heat exposure for 120 hours at 200 ℃; after the thermal explosion exposure is further prolonged to 300 hours, the yield strength is not lower than 290MPa, the tensile strength is not lower than 380MPa, and the mechanical property requirement of the airplane hub on the material can be met.
Drawings
In order to make the technical scheme and the beneficial effects of the invention clearer, the following drawings are provided for further explanation:
FIG. 1 is a graph of engineering stress-engineering strain curves for room temperature tensile after thermal exposure at 200 ℃ for 120 hours for Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloys prepared in examples 1 and 2 and comparative example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph of engineering stress-engineering strain curves for room temperature elongation after thermal exposure of the Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloys prepared in examples 1 and 2 and comparative example 1 at 200 ℃ for 300 hours;
FIG. 3 is a transmission electron microscope micrograph of an Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy after thermal exposure at 200 ℃ for 120 hours;
wherein FIG. 3 (a) is a transmission electron microscopic structure image of the alloy obtained in example 1, FIG. 3 (b) is a transmission electron microscopic structure image of the alloy obtained in example 2, and FIG. 3 (c) is a transmission electron microscopic structure image of the alloy obtained in comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but not to further limit the invention.
Example 1
A heat-resistant low-vanadium Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 4.89% of copper, 0.61% of Mg, 0.45% of Ag, 0.60% of Mn, 0.17% of V, 0.062% of Zr, 0.024% of Ti, 0.060% of Zn, less than or equal to 0.05% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.01% of Si, and the balance of aluminum and non-removable impurities.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
A. smelting: high-purity aluminum, high-purity magnesium, high-purity silver, high-purity zinc, aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy and aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy are taken as raw materials; wherein, the purity of high-purity aluminum is more than or equal to 99.99 percent, the purity of industrial pure magnesium is more than or equal to 99.95 percent, the purity of high-purity silver is more than or equal to 99.99 percent, the purity of industrial pure zinc is more than or equal to 99.95 percent, the content of copper in the aluminum-copper intermediate alloy is more than or equal to 50.0 percent, the content of vanadium in the aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy is more than or equal to 5.0 percent, the content of manganese in the aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy is more than or equal to 10.0 percent, the content of zirconium in the aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy is more than or equal to 4.0 percent, and the content of titanium in the aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy is more than or equal to 10.0 percent; weighing raw materials according to the component ratio, loading into a resistance furnace, and heating and melting;
B. a mould: designing and preparing a steel mould with a certain size according to the size of the aluminum alloy ingot; the wall thickness more than or equal to 30mm of steel mould acts as the centre form, upwards encircles the cooling tube from steel mould outer wall bottom, lets in the cooling water in the pipe, and cooling water temperature and flow can be controlled, adopt sand mould as the external mold, and wherein steel mould is 1 with sand mould thickness ratio: (2~5), the casting system adopts a steel mold casting system; controlling the cooling water temperature and the cooling speed by controlling the flow rate;
C. refining, impurity removal and degassing: after the metal melt is completely alloyed, adding an impurity removing agent into the alloy melt for slag gathering, simultaneously introducing argon for 10 to 20 minutes, standing and slagging off, repeating the operation for 2~3 times, and then standing the aluminum alloy melt for more than 20 minutes;
D. pouring: after the aluminum alloy melt is refined, purified and degassed, keeping the melt temperature at 730 +/-5 ℃, and pouring the melt to a mold prepared by the design of B for cooling and solidification to obtain an ingot;
E. three-stage homogenization heat treatment: d, heating the ingot obtained in the step D to 450 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat for 5 hours at the temperature, raising the temperature to 480 +/-5 ℃ at a speed of 15 ℃/min, preserving heat for 5 hours, finally raising the temperature to 510 +/-5 ℃ at a speed of 15 ℃/min, preserving heat for 24 hours, discharging the ingot out of the furnace, and cooling the ingot to room temperature;
F. hot rolling: and E, heating the homogenized ingot obtained in the step E to 460 +/-5 ℃ in a resistance furnace, preserving heat for 90min, and then carrying out multi-pass hot rolling until the final thickness of the alloy is 2.5mm, wherein the thickness change of each pass of the alloy in the rolling process is as follows: 32mm → 30mm → 27mm → 23mm → 20mm → 18mm → 14mm → 9mm → 7mm → 5mm → 4mm → 2.5mm; cold cutting lubrication is adopted during rolling, and metal rolling emulsion is used; and air cooling to room temperature after rolling.
G. And (3) heat treatment: firstly, carrying out solid solution treatment, heating the isothermal deformation workpiece to 510 +/-5 ℃, keeping the temperature for 1.5h, and discharging and quenching in water; and then carrying out single-stage aging treatment, heating the solid solution treatment piece to 165 ℃, preserving heat for 11-12h, discharging from the furnace, and carrying out water quenching to obtain a finished piece.
Example 2
A heat-resistant low-vanadium Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 4.93 percent of copper, 0.65 percent of Mg, 0.46 percent of Ag, 0.60 percent of Mn, 0.24 percent of V, 0.075 percent of Zr, 0.023 percent of Ti, 0.067 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Si, and the balance of aluminum and non-removable impurities.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
A. smelting: high-purity aluminum, high-purity magnesium, high-purity silver, high-purity zinc, aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy and aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy are taken as raw materials; wherein, the purity of high-purity aluminum is more than or equal to 99.99 percent, the purity of industrial pure magnesium is more than or equal to 99.95 percent, the purity of high-purity silver is more than or equal to 99.99 percent, the purity of industrial pure zinc is more than or equal to 99.95 percent, the content of copper in the aluminum-copper intermediate alloy is more than or equal to 50.0 percent, the content of vanadium in the aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy is more than or equal to 5.0 percent, the content of manganese in the aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy is more than or equal to 10.0 percent, the content of zirconium in the aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy is more than or equal to 4.0 percent, and the content of titanium in the aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy is more than or equal to 10.0 percent; weighing raw materials according to the component ratio, loading into a resistance furnace, and heating and melting;
B. a mould: designing and preparing a steel mould with a certain size according to the size of the aluminum alloy ingot; the wall thickness more than or equal to 30mm of steel mould acts as the centre form, upwards encircles the cooling tube from steel mould outer wall bottom, lets in the cooling water in the pipe, and cooling water temperature and flow can be controlled, adopt sand mould as the external mold, and wherein steel mould is 1 with sand mould thickness ratio: (2~5) the gating system is a steel die gating system; controlling the cooling water temperature and the cooling speed by controlling the flow rate;
C. refining, impurity removal and degassing: after the metal melt is completely alloyed, adding an impurity removing agent into the alloy melt for slag gathering, simultaneously introducing argon for 10 to 20 minutes, standing and slagging off, repeating the operation for 2~3 times, and then standing the aluminum alloy melt for more than 20 minutes;
D. pouring: after the aluminum alloy melt is refined, purified and degassed, keeping the melt temperature at 730 +/-5 ℃, and pouring the aluminum alloy melt to a mold prepared by design B for cooling and solidification to obtain a cast ingot;
E. three-stage homogenization heat treatment: d, heating the ingot obtained in the step D to 450 +/-5 ℃, preserving the temperature for 5 hours at the temperature, then increasing the temperature to 480 +/-5 ℃ at a speed of 15 ℃/min, preserving the temperature for 5 hours, finally increasing the temperature to 510 +/-5 ℃ at a speed of 15 ℃/min, preserving the temperature for 24 hours, and then discharging the ingot from the furnace and air-cooling the ingot to room temperature;
F. hot rolling: and E, heating the homogenized ingot obtained in the step E to 460 +/-5 ℃ in a resistance furnace, preserving heat for 90min, and then carrying out multi-pass hot rolling until the final thickness of the alloy is 2.5mm, wherein the thickness change of each pass of the alloy in the rolling process is as follows: 32mm → 30mm → 27mm → 23mm → 20mm → 18mm → 14mm → 9mm → 7mm → 5mm → 4mm → 2.5mm; cold cutting lubrication is adopted during rolling, and metal rolling emulsion is used; and air cooling to room temperature after rolling.
G. And (3) heat treatment: firstly, carrying out solid solution treatment, heating the isothermal deformation workpiece to 510 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, discharging and water quenching; and then carrying out single-stage aging treatment, heating the solid solution treatment piece to 165 ℃, preserving heat for 11-12h, discharging from the furnace, and carrying out water quenching to obtain a finished piece.
Comparative example 1
An Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 4.95 percent of copper, 0.60 percent of Mg, 0.48 percent of Ag, 0.62 percent of Mn, 0.089 percent of Zr, 0.034 percent of Ti, 0.064 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Si, and the balance of aluminum and non-removable impurities.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
A. smelting: high-purity aluminum, high-purity magnesium, high-purity silver, high-purity zinc, aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy and aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy are taken as raw materials; wherein, the purity of high-purity aluminum is more than or equal to 99.99 percent, the purity of industrial pure magnesium is more than or equal to 99.95 percent, the purity of high-purity silver is more than or equal to 99.99 percent, the purity of industrial pure zinc is more than or equal to 99.95 percent, the content of copper in the aluminum-copper intermediate alloy is more than or equal to 50.0 percent, the content of vanadium in the aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy is more than or equal to 5.0 percent, the content of manganese in the aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy is more than or equal to 10.0 percent, the content of zirconium in the aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy is more than or equal to 4.0 percent, and the content of titanium in the aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy is more than or equal to 10.0 percent; weighing raw materials according to the component ratio, loading into a resistance furnace, and heating and melting;
B. a mould: designing and preparing a steel mould with a certain size according to the size of the aluminum alloy ingot; the wall thickness more than or equal to 30mm of steel mould acts as the centre form, upwards encircles the cooling tube from steel mould outer wall bottom, lets in the cooling water in the pipe, and cooling water temperature and flow can be controlled, adopt sand mould as the external mold, and wherein steel mould is 1 with sand mould thickness ratio: (2~5) the gating system is a steel die gating system; controlling the cooling water temperature and the cooling speed by controlling the flow rate;
C. refining, impurity removal and degassing: after the metal melt is completely alloyed, adding an impurity removing agent into the alloy melt for slag gathering, simultaneously introducing argon for 10 to 20 minutes, standing and slagging off, repeating the operation for 2~3 times, and then standing the aluminum alloy melt for more than 20 minutes;
D. pouring: after the aluminum alloy melt is refined, purified and degassed, keeping the melt temperature at 730 +/-5 ℃, and pouring the melt to a mold prepared by the design of B for cooling and solidification to obtain an ingot;
E. three-stage homogenization heat treatment: d, heating the ingot obtained in the step D to 450 +/-5 ℃, preserving the temperature for 5 hours at the temperature, then increasing the temperature to 480 +/-5 ℃ at a speed of 15 ℃/min, preserving the temperature for 5 hours, finally increasing the temperature to 510 +/-5 ℃ at a speed of 15 ℃/min, preserving the temperature for 24 hours, and then discharging the ingot from the furnace and air-cooling the ingot to room temperature;
F. hot rolling: and E, heating the homogenized ingot obtained in the step E to 460 +/-5 ℃ in a resistance furnace, preserving heat for 90min, and then carrying out multi-pass hot rolling until the final thickness of the alloy is 2.5mm, wherein the thickness change of each pass of the alloy in the rolling process is as follows: 32mm → 30mm → 27mm → 23mm → 20mm → 18mm → 14mm → 9mm → 7mm → 5mm → 4mm → 2.5mm; cold cutting lubrication is adopted during rolling, and metal rolling emulsion is used; and air cooling to room temperature after rolling.
G. And (3) heat treatment: firstly, carrying out solid solution treatment, heating the isothermal deformation workpiece to 510 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5h, discharging and water quenching; and then carrying out single-stage aging treatment, heating the solid solution treatment piece to 165 ℃, preserving heat for 11-12h, discharging from the furnace, and carrying out water quenching to obtain a finished piece.
And (3) performance testing:
the finished aluminum alloy products of the implementation examples and the comparative examples are tested, the size of the tensile sample is processed according to GB/T228.1-2010, and the average value of the results is taken. The results are shown in Table 1.
The above is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, substitutions and the like made within the spirit of the present invention are included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A heat-resistant low-vanadium Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy is characterized in that: comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4.8 to 5.2 percent of Cu, 0.5 to 0.7 percent of Mg, 0.4 to 0.6 percent of Ag, 0.5 to 0.7 percent of Mn, 0.17 to 0.24 percent of V, 0.02 to 0.1 percent of Zr, 0.02 to 0.05 percent of Ti, 0.05 to 0.1 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Si, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable impurities; the preparation process of the alloy comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the aluminum alloy raw materials and then smelting to obtain an alloy ingot; carrying out homogenization treatment, hot rolling and heat treatment on the alloy ingot in sequence to obtain the alloy ingot; the homogenization treatment is three-stage homogenization heat treatment, and the heat treatment conditions of each stage are as follows: the temperature rise gradient is 25 to 35 ℃, the temperature rise rate is 10 to 15 ℃/min, and the heat preservation time is 5 to 36h;
the three-stage homogenization heat treatment process comprises the following steps: heating the cast ingot to 450 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat for 5 to 8 hours, increasing the temperature to 480 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 10 to 15 ℃/min, preserving heat for 5 to 8 hours, increasing the temperature to 510 +/-5 ℃ at the speed of 10 to 15 ℃/min, preserving heat for 24 to 36hours, discharging the cast ingot out of the furnace, and air cooling the cast ingot to room temperature;
the hot rolling is multi-stage hot rolling, and the process comprises the following steps: heating the ingot subjected to homogenization treatment to 460 +/-5 ℃, preserving heat for 70-120min, rolling for 8-12 times, wherein the thickness variation of the alloy rolled in each time is 2-4 mm, and cooling to room temperature in air after rolling is finished.
2. The heat-resistant low-vanadium Al-Cu-Mg-Ag system alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: 4.85 to 5 percent of Cu, 0.58 to 0.68 percent of Mg, 0.4 to 0.5 percent of Ag, 0.55 to 0.65 percent of Mn, 0.17 to 0.24 percent of V, 0.05 to 0.1 percent of Zr, 0.02 to 0.05 percent of Ti, 0.05 to 0.1 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Si, and the balance of aluminum and non-removable impurities.
3. The heat-resistant low-vanadium Al-Cu-Mg-Ag system alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the aluminum alloy raw materials comprise: high purity aluminum, industrial pure magnesium, high purity silver, industrial pure zinc, aluminum copper master alloy, aluminum vanadium master alloy, aluminum manganese master alloy, aluminum zirconium master alloy and aluminum titanium master alloy; the purity of the high-purity aluminum is more than or equal to 99.99 percent, the purity of the industrial pure magnesium is more than or equal to 99.95 percent, the purity of the high-purity silver is more than or equal to 99.99 percent, and the purity of the industrial pure zinc is more than or equal to 99.95 percent.
4. The heat-resistant low-vanadium Al-Cu-Mg-Ag-based alloy according to claim 3, characterized in that: the content of copper in the aluminum-copper intermediate alloy is more than or equal to 50.0%, the content of vanadium in the aluminum-vanadium intermediate alloy is more than or equal to 5.0%, the content of manganese in the aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy is more than or equal to 10.0%, the content of zirconium in the aluminum-zirconium intermediate alloy is more than or equal to 4.0%, and the content of titanium in the aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy is more than or equal to 10.0%.
5. The heat-resistant low-vanadium Al-Cu-Mg-Ag system alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the melting temperature is 750 to 780 ℃.
6. The heat-resistant low-vanadium Al-Cu-Mg-Ag system alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heat treatment comprises solution treatment and unipolar aging treatment; the process of the solution treatment comprises the following steps: and heating the ingot after hot rolling to 500-515 ℃, preserving heat for 1-2h, discharging from a furnace, and carrying out water quenching to room temperature.
7. The heat-resistant low-vanadium Al-Cu-Mg-Ag-based alloy according to claim 6, wherein: the process of the monopole aging treatment comprises the following steps: heating the ingot subjected to the solution treatment to 160-170 ℃, preserving heat for 11-12h, discharging from a furnace, and carrying out water quenching to room temperature.
8. The use of a heat resistant low vanadium Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy according to any one of claims 1~7 wherein: the method is used for preparing airplane hubs.
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