CN111411268A - High-strength-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting and a preparation method thereof, wherein the alloy comprises the following elements, by mass, 3-11% of RE, 0.1-5% of Y, 0.1-0.4% of Mg, 0.01-0.5% of Zr, and the balance of Al elements and unavoidable impurity elements, wherein RE is at least one element of L a and Ce.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of industrial aluminum alloy and manufacturing thereof, relates to an Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy and a preparation method thereof, and particularly relates to a high-strength-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum alloy is a general term of alloy taking aluminum as a matrix, has the characteristics of small density and higher strength, and has excellent specific strength. The main alloy systems include Al-Si system, Al-Cu system, Al-Mg system, and the like. The method has wide application in the fields of traffic, automobiles, mechanical manufacturing and aerospace. Particularly, the aluminum alloy used as the heat-resistant aluminum alloy for the conductor needs to have better heat resistance under the condition of ensuring good conductivity and oxidation resistance, so that the current-carrying capacity is improved and the loss is reduced. Heat resistant aluminum alloys for use in mechanical equipment are required to maintain good mechanical properties and creep fatigue resistance at relatively high temperatures. In the automotive industry, the aluminum alloy is often subjected to continuous load and vibration in the service process, which has higher requirements on creep fatigue property of parts, so that the demand of the aluminum alloy with special use requirements is higher and higher.
The rare earth is always an element for refining and strengthening in aluminum alloy, the high-strength Al-Zn-Mg aluminum alloy disclosed in Chinese patent 201910683881.4 (a high-strength aluminum alloy) comprises, by percentage, 5.3-5.7% of Zn, 2.2-2.6% of Mg, 1.3-1.8% of Cu, 0.2-0.5% of Si, 0.3-0.6% of Fe, 0.2-0.4% of Mn, 0.06-0.2% of Cr, 0.06-0.15% of Ce/L a, 0.2-0.8% of Ag, and the balance Al., wherein 0.06-0.15 wt% of L a/Ce is added, the formation of rare earth strengthening phase and dispersion strengthening phase can be promoted remarkably, the dispersion precipitation characteristic of precipitation phase in the aluminum alloy can be improved, the yield strength and strength of the aluminum alloy can be improved remarkably, but the rare earth addition L a/Ce is only generally added as a microalloying element, the rare earth addition amount of the alloy is not more than 1.6 wt%, the high-ductility aluminum alloy is not more than 1.6% of Sc, and the rare earth addition amount of Sc is not more than 1.2%, and the high-2% of Sc is not more than 1.6.
In the light weight of automobiles, most aluminum-silicon alloy is used, the aluminum-silicon alloy is widely used for producing parts such as engine cylinder bodies, cylinder covers, hubs and the like at present, the alloy is A354, A356 and A380, die casting is compared with common gravity casting, the die casting speed is higher, the production rate is high, mechanization and automation are easy to realize, and complicated thin-wall parts are formed, the die casting parts are high in size precision and small in surface roughness, subsequent machining is less or no machining is needed, in the automobile industry, more than 90% of key structural parts are the A380 alloy suitable for die casting, due to good fluidity and excellent strength and toughness, but the mechanical property and creep fatigue property of the Al-Si system alloy are rapidly reduced at the temperature of 200 ℃ and above, the normal use cannot be met, in the Al-RE system alloy taking L a/Ce as a main element, the main phase of the Al11RE3 phase is far higher than the Si phase, the high-temperature stability of the Al-Si system alloy is far higher than the Si phase, the high-strength of the Al11RE3 phase, the high-Si alloy is disclosed in the invention patent of China 201910650876.3 (a near-Co-Si-Cu co-Si high-Si high-alloy) and the production process is used for producing the alloy, the alloy is used in the alloy, the.
The Alloy mentioned in International patent publication WO 2017/007908A1 (castable High temperature Ce-modified Aluminum Alloy) discloses that an Aluminum Alloy containing an X element consisting of Ce or L a, the X content is 5-30 wt%, Al11X3 precipitate phase is formed, the disclosed components include Al-8Ce, Al-10Ce, Al-12Ce, the yield strength of the Alloy is between (6.2-8.5ksi or 43-59MPa), the elongation is more than 8%, Al-6Ce yield strength is 28-40MPa, Al-16Ce yield strength is 68-70MPa, the elongation is only 2.0-2.5%, Al-12Ce-0.4Mg yield strength is 76-79MPa, the elongation is only 2.5-6.0%, Al-12Ce-0.25Zr yield strength is 45MPa, Al-12Ce-1.3Ti strength is 43-47MPa, the published results thereof (Z.C.SiC.D, D is 0.8-5, Al-5 RE Al-0.7-5 Al-0.25 Ce-5-0.25 Zr yield strength is 0.25 Mg-0.25 MPa, Al-5-Al-5-2-Al-5-Al-2-Al-5-Al-5-Al-2-Al-2-Al-5-Al-.
Therefore, the development of a high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant die-casting aluminum alloy is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-strength-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the problem that the application of the existing cast rare earth aluminum alloy is greatly limited because the performance of the cast aluminum alloy such as A380 and the like cannot be achieved due to insufficient strength, toughness and heat resistance, and the like, and the alloy has the room-temperature tensile strength of 275MPa, the yield strength of 175MPa and the elongation of 19.5 percent after pressure casting; the tensile strength of the high-temperature tensile at 250 ℃ is up to 134MPa, and the elongation is up to 25%.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting, which comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 3 to 11% of RE, 0.1 to 5% of Y, 0.1 to 0.4% of Mg, 0.01 to 0.5% of Zr, the balance being Al element and unavoidable impurity elements.
Preferably, the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 8 to 11% of RE, 1.0 to 3% of Y, 0.1 to 0.4% of Mg, 0.01 to 0.3% of Zr and the balance of Al.
Preferably, the component of RE is one or a combination of two of L a and Ce.
Compared with the prior art, one of the innovative ideas of the high-strength-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting is that the Y element and the L a/Ce element are mixed, and Y and L a/Ce are cheap rare earth elements, so that on one hand, the mixing of the Y element and the L a/Ce element can well refine grains, and on the other hand, the morphology of the Al11RE3 phase can be changed from a half-strip shape to a fiber shape, the segregation of the Al11RE3 phase in the pure Al-L a/Ce alloy is improved, the structure is more uniform, the performance is better, on the other hand, the mixed addition overcomes the defect that a primary Al11RE3 phase is generated when the RE content is higher than 8%, the elongation and the strength of the alloy are greatly improved, and the addition range of the RE content is expanded.
The invention provides a second innovative idea of high-strength-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting, which is that the quantity of reinforced phases is increased by the mixed addition of rare earth elements, so that the content of the high-heat-resistant Al11RE3 phase is more, thinner and more uniform in distribution, and the high-heat-resistant effect of the alloy can be exerted, the Al11RE3 phase can be refined by adding Zr, but the addition amount of Zr cannot exceed 0.3 wt.%, otherwise, a primary Al3Zr phase can be generated, but the content of Y can be mixed with L a/Ce to be matched, a corresponding primary phase cannot be generated, the RE content is increased to be RE + Y16%, the content of the reinforced phases is greatly increased, and the fluidity and the casting performance are not influenced.
The invention provides the third innovative idea of high-strength-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting, which is as follows: and a proper amount of Mg element is added to realize the effects of solid solution strengthening and possible precipitation strengthening in the alloy, thereby further improving the strength of the alloy. The addition of a proper amount of Mg element does not influence the fluidity and the casting performance, and does not influence the elongation of the alloy.
The invention provides the fourth innovative idea of high-strength-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting, which is as follows: the invention firstly discovers that the addition of Zr element in Al-Ce series die-casting aluminum alloy can obviously refine crystal grains and improve the strength of the aluminum alloy. On one hand, Zr can refine the Al11RE3 phase, so that the Al11RE3 phase is distributed more uniformly, and the comprehensive performance of the alloy is improved. On the other hand, intermetallic compounds generated by Zr have higher melting points and are positioned at grain boundaries, and the heat resistance of the aluminum alloy can be improved for the first time.
The invention provides a preparation method of high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting, which comprises the following steps:
(1) properly considering the burning loss, calculating the consumption of the required raw materials according to the Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy components and the stoichiometric ratio; removing oxide layers of industrial pure aluminum ingots, industrial pure magnesium ingots, Al-RE, Al-Y and Al-Zr intermediate alloys, and drying and preheating to 220 ℃ of 180 ℃; calculating the consumption of the required raw materials according to the components and the stoichiometric ratio of the alloy;
(2) melting an industrial pure aluminum ingot accounting for 25% of the height of the crucible into a molten pool at 720 ℃, and adding the rest of the industrial pure aluminum ingot;
(3) after the industrial pure aluminum ingot is completely melted, heating to 750 ℃, adding Al-RE, Al-Y and Al-Zr intermediate alloys for 2-4 times, keeping the temperature constant at 750 ℃, and stirring until the industrial pure aluminum ingot is completely melted;
(4) after the alloy is completely melted, cooling to 700-710 ℃, adding an industrial pure magnesium ingot into the melt, keeping the temperature constant at 700-710 ℃, stirring until the alloy is completely melted, and keeping the temperature for 30 minutes; adding a refining agent for refining, heating the furnace to 750 ℃, preserving heat and standing for 10-20 minutes to promote impurity settlement, and obtaining an aluminum alloy melt;
(5) adding a refining agent for refining 40-60 minutes before pressure casting when the alloy is completely melted, heating the furnace temperature to 750 ℃, preserving the temperature, standing for 10-20 minutes to promote the settlement of impurities and obtain an aluminum alloy melt;
(6) and cooling the aluminum alloy melt to 720-740 ℃, skimming surface scum, pressing the melt into a die preheated to 180-250 ℃ through a die casting machine, and thus obtaining the high-strength high-toughness heat-resistant die-casting Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy.
Preferably, in the step (1), the Al-RE intermediate alloy is Al-20Ce, Al-20L a or an aluminum mixed rare earth intermediate alloy, the Al-Y intermediate alloy is Al-10Y, and the Al-Zr intermediate alloy is Al-5 Zr.
Preferably, in the step (5), the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 55% KCl, 30% NaCl, 15% BaCl2。
Preferably, in the step (5), the addition amount of the refining agent is 1.0-2.5% of the total weight of the alloy raw materials.
Preferably, in the step (5), the refining temperature is 720-750 ℃, and the stirring time of the refining treatment is 10-15 min.
Preferably, in the step (6), the casting temperature is 710-740 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (6), the die casting speed is 1-8 m/s.
The preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting has the beneficial effects that: (1) RE and Y are added in the form of intermediate alloy, elements easy to burn and damage are not contained, the components are easy to control, and the smelting process is simple and easy to control; (2) the refining treatment adopts MgCl-free2The special refining agent further reduces the burning loss of the rare earth Y in the refining process; (3) subsequent heat treatment is not needed, the process is simplified, and the energy utilization rate and the production efficiency are improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the high heat-resistant alloy suitable for pressure casting has the room-temperature tensile strength as high as 275MPa and the elongation as high as 19.5 percent; after the heat preservation is carried out for 200 hours at 250 ℃, the high-temperature tensile strength is as high as 134MPa, the elongation is as high as 25%, and the comprehensive performance is excellent;
2) according to the invention, the Y element and the L a/Ce element are mixed and added, so that the generation of primary Al11RE3 phase when the RE content is higher than 8% is overcome, the elongation and strength of the alloy are greatly improved, and the addition range of the rare earth content is expanded;
3) the preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process, high efficiency, suitability for large-scale production and the like, and meets the high-end requirements of aerospace, military industry, automobiles and other industries on light weight development.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a photograph of the structure of a high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy obtained by pressure casting in example 4 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting comprises the following components in percentage by weight: according to the theoretical mixture ratio, 11 wt% of Ce, 5 wt% of Y, 0.3 wt% of Mg, 0.01 wt% of Zr, and the balance of Al element and inevitable impurity elements.
The preparation method comprises (1) properly considering burning loss, and calculating the required raw material amount according to the Al-RE-Y alloy components and the stoichiometric ratio; removing oxide layers of industrial pure aluminum ingots, industrial pure magnesium ingots, Al-20Ce, Al-10Y and Al-5Zr intermediate alloys, and drying and preheating to 220 ℃ of 180-; calculating the consumption of the required raw materials according to the components and the stoichiometric ratio of the alloy; (2) melting industrial pure aluminum ingot accounting for 25% of the height of the crucible into a molten pool at 720 ℃, and adding residual aluminumAn ingot; (3) heating to 750 ℃ after the aluminum ingot is completely melted, adding Al-20Ce, Al-10Y and Al-5Zr intermediate alloys for 2-4 times, keeping the temperature constant at 750 ℃, stirring until the intermediate alloys are completely melted, (4) cooling to 700 ℃ after the intermediate alloys are completely melted, adding the industrial pure magnesium ingot into the melt, keeping the temperature constant at 700 ℃, stirring until the intermediate alloys are completely melted, and keeping the temperature for 30 minutes; (5) 40-60 minutes before pressure casting, adding a refining agent accounting for 1 percent of the weight of the raw materials for refining after the master alloy is completely melted, wherein the refining temperature is 730 ℃, the stirring time of the refining treatment is 15 minutes, and the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 55% KCl, 30% NaCl, 15% BaCl2Raising the furnace temperature to 750 ℃, preserving the temperature and standing for 10 minutes to promote the settlement of impurities to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; (6) and cooling the aluminum alloy melt to 720 ℃, skimming surface scum, pressing the melt into a metal mold preheated to 180 ℃ by a die casting machine, and obtaining the high-strength high-toughness heat-resistant die-casting Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy at the die casting speed of 4 m/s.
Respectively carrying out a-room temperature tensile test on the prepared high-strength high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy; b, carrying out high-temperature tensile property test at 250 ℃ after 200-hour heat exposure treatment at 250 ℃. In the example, the room-temperature tensile strength of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy is 275MPa, the yield strength is 175MPa, and the elongation is 7.3 percent; the tensile strength at high temperature of 250 ℃ is 150MPa, and the elongation is 15%.
Example 2
The high strength and toughness heat-resisting Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting is prepared with L a in 3 wt%, Y in 0.2 wt%, Mg in 0.1 wt%, Zr in 0.08 wt% and Al element and inevitable impurity element for the rest.
The preparation method comprises (1) properly considering burning loss, and calculating the required raw material amount according to the Al-RE-Y alloy components and the stoichiometric ratio; removing oxide layers of industrial pure aluminum ingots, industrial pure magnesium ingots, Al-20Ce, Al-10Y and Al-5Zr intermediate alloys, and drying and preheating to 220 ℃ of 180-; calculating the consumption of the required raw materials according to the components and the stoichiometric ratio of the alloy; (2) melting an industrial pure aluminum ingot accounting for 25% of the height of the crucible into a molten pool at 720 ℃, and adding the rest aluminum ingot; (3) after the aluminum ingot is completely melted,heating to 750 ℃, adding the Al-20Ce, Al-10Y and Al-5Zr intermediate alloys for 2-4 times, keeping the temperature constant at 750 ℃, stirring until the intermediate alloys are completely melted, and keeping the temperature for 30 minutes; (4) after the intermediate alloy is completely melted, cooling to 700 ℃, adding the industrial pure magnesium ingot into the melt, keeping the temperature constant at 700 ℃, stirring until the intermediate alloy is completely melted, and keeping the temperature for 30 minutes; (5) 40-60 minutes before pressure casting, adding a refining agent accounting for 2% of the weight of the raw materials for refining after the master alloy is completely melted, wherein the refining temperature is 750 ℃, the stirring time of refining treatment is 12 minutes, and the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 55% KCl, 30% NaCl, 15% BaCl2Raising the furnace temperature to 750 ℃, preserving the temperature and standing for 10 minutes to promote the settlement of impurities to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; (6) and (3) cooling the aluminum alloy melt to 740 ℃, skimming surface scum, pressing the melt into a metal mold preheated to 200 ℃ by a die casting machine, and obtaining the high-strength high-toughness heat-resistant die-casting Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy at a die casting speed of 2 m/s.
Respectively carrying out a-room temperature tensile test on the prepared high-strength high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy; b, carrying out high-temperature tensile property test at 250 ℃ after 200-hour heat exposure treatment at 250 ℃. In the example, the room-temperature tensile strength of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy is 230MPa, the yield strength is 132MPa, and the elongation is 19.5%; the tensile strength at high temperature of 250 ℃ is 90MPa, and the elongation is 25%.
Example 3
The high strength and toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting is prepared with L a in 5 wt%, Ce in 3 wt%, Y in 3 wt%, Mg in 0.2 wt%, Zr in 0.2 wt% and Al element and inevitable impurity element for the rest.
The preparation method comprises (1) properly considering burning loss, calculating the required raw material consumption according to the Al-RE-Y alloy components and stoichiometric ratio, removing oxide layer from industrial pure aluminum ingot, industrial pure magnesium ingot and Al-20L a, Al-20Ce, Al-10Y and Al-5Zr intermediate alloy, drying and preheating to 180-220 deg.C, calculating the required raw material consumption according to the alloy components and stoichiometric ratio, (2) melting the industrial pure aluminum ingot accounting for 25% of crucible height to form a molten pool at 720 deg.C, adding the rest aluminum ingot, and (3) melting the aluminum ingot completely and adding the rest aluminum ingotHeating to 750 ℃, adding Al-20L a, Al-20Ce, Al-10Y and Al-5Zr intermediate alloy for 2-4 times, keeping the temperature constant at 750 ℃, stirring until the intermediate alloy is completely melted, (4) cooling to 700 ℃ after the intermediate alloy is completely melted, adding industrial pure magnesium ingot into the melt, keeping the temperature constant at 700 ℃, stirring until the intermediate alloy is completely melted, and preserving the heat for 30 minutes, (5) refining by adding a refining agent accounting for 1.5 percent of the weight of the raw materials into the melt after the intermediate alloy is completely melted before pressure casting for 40-60 minutes, wherein the refining temperature is 740 ℃, the stirring time of the refining treatment is 10 minutes, and the refining agent comprises 55 percent of KCl, 30 percent of NaCl and 15 percent of BaCl in percentage by mass2Raising the furnace temperature to 750 ℃, preserving the temperature and standing for 10 minutes to promote the settlement of impurities to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; (6) and cooling the aluminum alloy melt to 720 ℃, skimming surface scum, pressing the melt into a metal mold preheated to 250 ℃ by a die casting machine, and obtaining the high-strength high-toughness heat-resistant die-casting Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy at the die casting speed of 1 m/s.
Respectively carrying out a-room temperature tensile test on the prepared high-strength high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy; b, carrying out high-temperature tensile property test at 250 ℃ after 200-hour heat exposure treatment at 250 ℃. In the example, the room-temperature tensile strength of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy is 269MPa, the yield strength is 153MPa, and the elongation is 11%; the tensile strength at high temperature of 250 ℃ is 134MPa, and the elongation is 20%.
Example 4
The high strength and toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting is prepared with L a in 8 wt%, Ce in 1 wt%, Y in 2 wt%, Mg in 0.2 wt%, Zr in 0.5 wt% and Al element and inevitable impurity element for the rest.
The preparation method comprises (1) calculating the consumption of the required raw materials according to the Al-RE-Y alloy components and the stoichiometric ratio after properly considering the burning loss, removing oxide layers of industrial pure aluminum ingots, industrial pure magnesium ingots and intermediate alloys of Al-20L a, Al-20Ce, Al-10Y and Al-5Zr, drying and preheating to 180-220 ℃, calculating the consumption of the required raw materials according to the components and the stoichiometric ratio of the alloys, (2) melting the industrial pure aluminum ingots accounting for 25% of the height of the crucible into a molten pool at 720 ℃, adding the rest aluminum ingots, and (3) after the aluminum ingots are completely melted, increasing the temperatureHeating to 750 ℃, adding Al-20L a, Al-20Ce, Al-10Y and Al-5Zr intermediate alloy for 2-4 times, keeping the temperature constant at 750 ℃, stirring until the intermediate alloy is completely melted, (4) cooling to 700 ℃ after the intermediate alloy is completely melted, adding industrial pure magnesium ingot into the melt, keeping the temperature constant at 700 ℃, stirring until the intermediate alloy is completely melted, and preserving the heat for 30 minutes, (5) 40-60 minutes before pressure casting, adding a refining agent accounting for 2.5 percent of the weight of the raw materials for refining after the intermediate alloy is completely melted, wherein the refining temperature is 750 ℃, and the stirring time of the refining treatment is 10 minutes, and the refining agent comprises 55 percent of KCl, 30 percent of NaCl and 15 percent of BaCl in percentage by mass2Raising the furnace temperature to 750 ℃, preserving the temperature and standing for 10 minutes to promote the settlement of impurities to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; (6) and (3) cooling the aluminum alloy melt to 720 ℃, skimming surface scum, pressing the melt into a metal mold preheated to 240 ℃ by a die casting machine, wherein the die casting speed is 5m/s to obtain the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant die-casting Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy, and the structure photo of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant die-casting Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy is shown in figure 1.
Respectively carrying out a-room temperature tensile test on the prepared high-strength high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy; b, carrying out high-temperature tensile property test at 250 ℃ after 200-hour heat exposure treatment at 250 ℃. In the example, the room-temperature tensile strength of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy is 238MPa, the yield strength is 137MPa, and the elongation is 13%; the tensile strength at high temperature of 250 ℃ is 120MPa, and the elongation is 14%.
Example 5
The high strength and toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting is prepared with L a in 11 wt%, Y in 1 wt%, Mg in 0.3 wt%, Zr in 0.3 wt% and Al element and inevitable impurity element for the rest.
The preparation method comprises (1) calculating the consumption of the required raw materials according to the components and stoichiometric ratio of the Al-RE-Y alloy after properly considering the burning loss, removing oxide layers of the intermediate alloy of the industrial pure aluminum ingot, the industrial pure magnesium ingot, the Al-20L a, the Al-10Y and the Al-5Zr, drying and preheating to 180-220 ℃, calculating the consumption of the required raw materials according to the components and stoichiometric ratio of the alloy, (2) melting the industrial pure aluminum ingot accounting for 25% of the height of the crucible into a molten pool at 720 ℃, adding the rest of the aluminum ingot, and (3) after the aluminum ingot is completely melted,heating to 750 ℃, adding Al-20L a, Al-10Y and Al-5Zr intermediate alloys for 2-4 times, keeping the temperature constant at 750 ℃, stirring until the intermediate alloys are completely melted, (4) cooling to 700 ℃ after the intermediate alloys are completely melted, adding industrial pure magnesium ingots into the melt, keeping the temperature constant at 700 ℃, stirring until the intermediate alloys are completely melted, keeping the temperature constant for 30 minutes, (5) refining at 720 ℃ for refining after the intermediate alloys are completely melted, wherein the refining agent comprises 55% of KCl, 30% of NaCl and 15% of BaCl in percentage by mass, and the refining agent comprises the following components of, by mass, 55% of KCl, 30% of NaCl and 15% of BaCl, and is added with a refining agent accounting for refining at 1 wt% of the raw materials for refining, and is stirred for 10 minutes2Raising the furnace temperature to 750 ℃, preserving the temperature and standing for 10 minutes to promote the settlement of impurities to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; (6) and (3) cooling the aluminum alloy melt to 740 ℃, skimming surface scum, pressing the melt into a metal mold preheated to 250 ℃ by a die casting machine, and obtaining the high-strength high-toughness heat-resistant die-casting Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy at the die casting speed of 8 m/s.
Respectively carrying out a-room temperature tensile test on the prepared high-strength high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy; b, carrying out high-temperature tensile property test at 250 ℃ after 200-hour heat exposure treatment at 250 ℃. In the example, the room-temperature tensile strength of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy is 273MPa, the yield strength is 156MPa, and the elongation is 10 percent; the tensile strength at high temperature of 250 ℃ is 135MPa, and the elongation is 18%.
Example 6
The high strength and toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting is prepared with L a in 10 wt%, Y in 0.1 wt%, Mg in 0.3 wt%, Zr in 0.01 wt% and Al element and inevitable impurity element for the rest.
This example was prepared in the same manner as example 5.
Respectively carrying out a-room temperature tensile test on the prepared high-strength high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy; b, carrying out high-temperature tensile property test at 250 ℃ after 200-hour heat exposure treatment at 250 ℃. In the example, the room-temperature tensile strength of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy is 220MPa, the yield strength is 140MPa, and the elongation is 7.5%; the tensile strength at high temperature of 250 ℃ is 119MPa, and the elongation is 14%.
Example 7
The high strength and toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting is prepared with L a in 7 wt%, Y in 1 wt%, Mg in 0.3 wt%, Zr in 0.3 wt% and Al element and inevitable impurity element for the rest.
This example was prepared in the same manner as example 5.
Respectively carrying out a-room temperature tensile test on the prepared high-strength high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy; b, carrying out high-temperature tensile property test at 250 ℃ after 200-hour heat exposure treatment at 250 ℃. In the example, the room-temperature tensile strength of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy is 238MPa, the yield strength is 135MPa, and the elongation is 12%; the tensile strength at high temperature of 250 ℃ is 95MPa, and the elongation is 20%.
Example 8
The high strength and toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting is prepared with L a in 11 wt%, Y in 0.5 wt%, Mg in 0.3 wt%, Zr in 0.3 wt% and Al element and inevitable impurity element for the rest.
This example was prepared in the same manner as example 5.
Respectively carrying out a-room temperature tensile test on the prepared high-strength high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy; b, carrying out high-temperature tensile property test at 250 ℃ after 200-hour heat exposure treatment at 250 ℃. In the example, the room-temperature tensile strength of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy is 245MPa, the yield strength is 150MPa, and the elongation is 8.2%; the tensile strength at high temperature of 250 ℃ is 124MPa, and the elongation is 15%.
Example 9
The high strength and toughness heat-resisting Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting is prepared with L a in 11 wt%, Y in 1 wt%, Mg in 0.3 wt%, Zr in 0.5 wt% and Al element and inevitable impurity element for the rest.
This example was prepared in the same manner as example 5.
Respectively carrying out a-room temperature tensile test on the prepared high-strength high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy; b, carrying out high-temperature tensile property test at 250 ℃ after 200-hour heat exposure treatment at 250 ℃. In the example, the room-temperature tensile strength of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy is 242MPa, the yield strength is 140MPa, and the elongation is 9%; the tensile strength at high temperature of 250 ℃ is 125MPa, and the elongation is 12%.
Comparative example 1
The high strength and toughness heat-resisting Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting is prepared with L a in 11 wt%, Mg in 0.3 wt%, Zr in 0.3 wt% and Al element and inevitable impurity element for the rest.
This comparative example was prepared in the same manner as in example 5.
Respectively carrying out a-room temperature tensile test on the prepared high-strength high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy; b, carrying out high-temperature tensile property test at 250 ℃ after 200-hour heat exposure treatment at 250 ℃. In the comparative example, the room-temperature tensile strength of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy is 230MPa, the yield strength is 143MPa, and the elongation is 8 percent; the tensile strength at high temperature of 250 ℃ is 120MPa, and the elongation is 15%.
Comparative example 2
The high strength and toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Yb-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting is prepared with L a in 11 wt%, Yb in 1 wt%, Mg in 0.3 wt%, Zr in 0.3 wt% and Al element and inevitable impurity element for the rest.
This comparative example was prepared in the same manner as in example 5.
Respectively carrying out a-room temperature tensile test on the prepared high-strength high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Yb-Zr alloy; b, carrying out high-temperature tensile property test at 250 ℃ after 200-hour heat exposure treatment at 250 ℃. The room-temperature tensile strength of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy in the comparative example is 224MPa, the yield strength is 143MPa, and the elongation is 7.6 percent; the tensile strength at high temperature of 250 ℃ is 120MPa, and the elongation is 14.6%.
Comparative example 3
The high strength and toughness heat-resisting Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting is prepared with L a in 11 wt%, Y in 1 wt%, Mg in 0.6 wt%, Zr in 0.3 wt% and Al element and inevitable impurity element for the rest.
This comparative example was prepared in the same manner as in example 5.
Respectively carrying out a-room temperature tensile test on the prepared high-strength high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy; b, carrying out high-temperature tensile property test at 250 ℃ after 200-hour heat exposure treatment at 250 ℃. The room-temperature tensile strength of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy in the comparative example is 231MPa, the yield strength is 158MPa, and the elongation is 6.5%; the tensile strength at high temperature of 250 ℃ is 126MPa, and the elongation is 14%.
Comparative example 4
The high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting comprises the following components in percentage by weight: according to the theoretical mixture ratio, 11 wt% of Ce, 6 wt% of Y, 0.3 wt% of Mg, 0.01 wt% of Zr, and the balance of Al element and inevitable impurity elements.
This comparative example was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
Respectively carrying out a-room temperature tensile test on the prepared high-strength high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy; b, carrying out high-temperature tensile property test at 250 ℃ after 200-hour heat exposure treatment at 250 ℃. The room-temperature tensile strength of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy in the comparative example is 262MPa, the yield strength is 180MPa, and the elongation is 6 percent; the tensile strength at high temperature of 250 ℃ is 148MPa, and the elongation is 14%.
Comparative example 5
The high strength and toughness heat-resisting Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting is prepared with L a in 3 wt%, Y in 0.2 wt%, Zr in 0.08 wt% and Al element and inevitable impurity element for the rest.
This comparative example was prepared in the same manner as in example 2.
Respectively carrying out a-room temperature tensile test on the prepared high-strength high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy; b, carrying out high-temperature tensile property test at 250 ℃ after 200-hour heat exposure treatment at 250 ℃. In the comparative example, the room-temperature tensile strength of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy is 225MPa, the yield strength is 126MPa, and the elongation is 19.6 percent; the tensile strength at high temperature of 250 ℃ is 88MPa, and the elongation is 25%.
The invention has many applications, and the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the invention. It should be noted that the above examples are only for illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications are to be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting is characterized in that: comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 3-11% of RE, 0.1-5% of Y, 0.1-0.4% of Mg, 0.01-0.5% of Zr, and the balance of Al element and inevitable impurity elements.
2. The high toughness, heat resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting according to claim 1, wherein: comprises the following elements in percentage by weight: 8 to 11% of RE, 1.0 to 3% of Y, 0.1 to 0.4% of Mg, and 0.01 to 0.3% of Zr.
3. The high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the RE has one or a combination of L a and Ce.
4. The method for producing a high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) properly considering the burning loss, calculating the consumption of the required raw materials according to the Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy components and the stoichiometric ratio; removing oxide layers of industrial pure aluminum ingots, industrial pure magnesium ingots, Al-RE, Al-Y and Al-Zr intermediate alloys, and drying and preheating to 220 ℃ of 180 ℃; calculating the consumption of the required raw materials according to the components and the stoichiometric ratio of the alloy;
(2) melting an industrial pure aluminum ingot accounting for 25% of the height of the crucible into a molten pool at 720 ℃, and adding the rest of the industrial pure aluminum ingot;
(3) after the industrial pure aluminum ingot is completely melted, heating to 750 ℃, adding Al-RE, Al-Y and Al-Zr intermediate alloys for 2-4 times, keeping the temperature constant at 750 ℃, and stirring until the industrial pure aluminum ingot is completely melted;
(4) after the alloy is completely melted, cooling to 700-710 ℃, adding an industrial pure magnesium ingot into the melt, keeping the temperature constant at 700-710 ℃, stirring until the alloy is completely melted, keeping the temperature for 30 minutes, adding a refining agent for refining, heating the furnace to 750 ℃, keeping the temperature, standing for 10-20 minutes to promote inclusion settlement, and obtaining an aluminum alloy melt;
(5) adding a refining agent for refining 40-60 minutes before pressure casting when the alloy is completely melted, heating the furnace temperature to 750 ℃, preserving the temperature, standing for 10-20 minutes to promote the settlement of impurities and obtain an aluminum alloy melt;
(6) and cooling the aluminum alloy melt to 720-740 ℃, skimming surface scum, pressing the melt into a die preheated to 180-250 ℃ through a die casting machine, and thus obtaining the high-strength high-toughness heat-resistant die-casting Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy.
5. The preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting according to claim 4, wherein in the step (1), the Al-RE intermediate alloy is Al-20Ce, Al-20L a or an aluminum mixed rare earth intermediate alloy, the Al-Y intermediate alloy is Al-10Y, and the Al-Zr intermediate alloy is Al-5 Zr.
6. The method for preparing the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (5), the refining agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 55% KCl, 30% NaCl, 15% BaCl2。
7. The method for preparing the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (5), the addition amount of the refining agent is 1.0-2.5% of the total weight of the alloy raw materials.
8. The method for preparing the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (5), the refining temperature is 720-750 ℃, and the stirring time of the refining treatment is 10-15 min.
9. The method for preparing the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (6), the casting temperature is 710-740 ℃.
10. The method for preparing the high-strength and high-toughness heat-resistant Al-RE-Y-Zr alloy suitable for pressure casting according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (6), the die casting speed is 1-8 m/s.
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