CN116477592A - 一种单斜相焦磷酸铜和三斜相磷酸铜、制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种单斜相焦磷酸铜和三斜相磷酸铜、制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- RAOSIAYCXKBGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-K [Cu+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [Cu+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RAOSIAYCXKBGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- PEVJCYPAFCUXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-J dicopper;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[Cu+2].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O PEVJCYPAFCUXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- SXTLQDJHRPXDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;dinitrate;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O SXTLQDJHRPXDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- YASYEJJMZJALEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Citric acid monohydrate Chemical compound O.OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O YASYEJJMZJALEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229960002303 citric acid monohydrate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- SXFNQFWXCGYOLY-UHFFFAOYSA-J [Cu+4].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O Chemical class [Cu+4].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O SXFNQFWXCGYOLY-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001075 voltammogram Methods 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formic acid Chemical compound OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000271317 Gonystylus bancanus Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004177 carbon cycle Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002168 ethanoic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical group FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/38—Condensed phosphates
- C01B25/42—Pyrophosphates
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/37—Phosphates of heavy metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/075—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of a single catalytic element or catalytic compound
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- C25B3/00—Electrolytic production of organic compounds
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Abstract
本发明公开一种单斜相焦磷酸铜和三斜相磷酸铜、制备方法及其应用,采用三水合硝酸铜和磷酸二氢铵分别作为铜源和磷源,一水合柠檬酸作为络合剂,通过烘干后高温煅烧处理;然后将得到的产物通过调控铜盐和磷酸盐的比例,分别制得单斜相焦磷酸铜和三斜相磷酸铜。本发明方法所用原料成本低廉,合成工艺简便,反应周期短,重复性好,并且可大规模高产量制备。该方法制得的焦磷酸铜和磷酸铜均可用于高效电催化还原二氧化碳制乙烯、乙醇等多碳产物的电催化材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具有催化活性的单斜相焦磷酸铜和三斜相磷酸铜、制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
化石燃料的使用也使CO2人为排放量不断增加,导致难以逆转的气候变化,引发了全球气候变化和环境危机。发展碳循环相关技术,通过可再生的电能催化还原CO2可以在缓解环境压力的同时减轻化工产业对化石能源的依赖性,已成为当前全世界范围内科学研究和工业领域的重点和难点。CO2电还原可以生产多种产物,用两个电子将CO2还原为一阶产物(C1,如CO、HCOOH)是最简单的途径。与C1产品相比,多碳产品(C2+,包括C2)具有更高的工业价值。其中C2H4作为最简单的烯烃,是化工行业最重要的组成部分之一,全球市场规模每年超过1700亿美元,可用于生产最常见的塑料,或通过环氧乙烷制备多元醇。除C2H4外,C2H5OH、C3H7OH和醋酸酯等C2+液体产品因其能量密度高、储存时间长、可扩展性大、运输方便等优点而非常有潜力用作化学原料和具有高能量密度的液体燃料,引起了科学家们的关注。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种单斜相焦磷酸铜和三斜相磷酸铜电催化剂的高温煅烧制备方法及其应用。该合成方法操作简单、无需复杂的仪器、反应周期短,有利于大规模的工业应用。制得催化剂具有优异的电催化还原CO2产乙烯等多碳产物的选择性和工业级的电流密度。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种单斜相焦磷酸铜和三斜相磷酸铜,采用三水合硝酸铜和磷酸二氢铵分别作为铜源和磷源,一水合柠檬酸作为络合剂,将溶液烘干后高温煅烧处理即可;通过调控铜盐和磷酸盐的比例,可分别制得单斜相焦磷酸铜和三斜相磷酸铜。
本发明单斜相焦磷酸铜和三斜相磷酸铜的具体制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将3~26mmol三水合硝酸铜和2~16mmol磷酸二氢铵溶解于去离子水中,充分搅拌至反应生成沉淀物;然后加入1.5~12mmol一水合柠檬酸,搅拌至沉淀物消失,随后置于100~140℃的空气环境中烘干;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的材料转移至坩埚中,置于马弗炉中在500~900℃下煅烧1~6个小时,当初始加入的铜/磷元素比为1.5时即可得到三斜相磷酸铜;当初始铜/磷元素比为1.06时,可制得单斜相焦磷酸铜。
本发明还提出了一种单斜相焦磷酸铜和三斜相磷酸铜的应用,该材料作为催化剂,应用于电催化还原CO2制备乙烯多碳产物。
进一步的,上述单斜相焦磷酸铜和三斜相磷酸铜的应用方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)在H型反应池中,以CO2饱和的0.1M KHCO3溶液作为电解液,以负载焦磷酸铜或磷酸铜的玻碳电极作为工作电极、银/氯化银电极作为参比电极、测试温度为0~40℃;当施加电压为-1.4~-1.5V vs.RHE时,乙烯产物的法拉第效率达到55~73%。
(2)在流动反应池中,以1.0~2.0M KOH溶液作为电解液,以负载磷酸铜的铜/聚四氟乙烯气体扩散电极作为工作电极、泡沫镍作为阳极,测试温度为0~40℃;当施加电流密度为-200~-400mA cm-2时,多碳产物的法拉第效率达到80~91%。
本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)采用简单的高温煅烧法合成单斜相焦磷酸铜和三斜相磷酸铜,该合成方法操作简单、成本低廉、无需复杂的仪器、反应周期短,可以大批量合成,有利于大规模的工业应用;
(2)将单斜相焦磷酸铜和三斜相磷酸铜作为电催化还原CO2的催化剂,结构表明其具有优异的电催化还原CO2制乙烯等多碳产物的选择性和活性,当在H型反应池中施加电位为-1.4~-1.5V vs.RHE时,焦磷酸铜和磷酸铜催化剂的乙烯产物法拉第效率达到55~73%;当在流动反应池中施加电流密度为-200~-400mA cm-2时,磷酸铜催化剂的多碳产物法拉第效率达到80~91%。
(3)制备过程中,所用试剂均为商业产品,不需要进一步处理;
(4)合成方法简单,得到的材料易于应用,有利于在工业化生产中推广应用,在其他能源开发和环境保护领域也具备潜在的应用价值。
附图说明
图1是实施例1所制备的三斜相磷酸铜和单斜相焦磷酸铜的数码照片;
图2是实施例1所制备的三斜相磷酸铜和单斜相焦磷酸铜的X射线衍射图谱;
图3是实施例1所制备的三斜相磷酸铜和单斜相焦磷酸铜的拉曼光谱图;
图4是实施例1所制备的三斜相磷酸铜和单斜相焦磷酸铜的透射电镜图;
图5是实施例1所制备的三斜相磷酸铜和单斜相焦磷酸铜在H型反应池中以0.1MKHCO3为电解液时的线性扫描伏安曲线;
图6是实施例1所制备的三斜相磷酸铜和单斜相焦磷酸铜在H型反应池中以CO2饱和的0.1M KHCO3为电解液时不同电位下产物的法拉第效率图;
图7是实施例1所制备的三斜相磷酸铜和单斜相焦磷酸铜在H型反应池中以CO2饱和的0.1M KHCO3为电解液时不同电位下乙烯产物的局域电流密度图;
图8是实施例1所制备的三斜相磷酸铜在流动反应池中以2.0M KOH为电解液时在不同电流密度下产物的法拉第效率图;
图9是实施例1所制备的三斜相磷酸铜在流动反应池中以2.0M KOH为电解液时在-300mA cm-2电流密度下的产物法拉第效率和相应的电位图。
具体实施方式
下面,结合附图和实施例,对本发明的具体实施方式做进一步详细的说明,但不应以此限制本发明的保护范围。
本文所公开的“范围”以下限和上限的形式。可以分别为一个或多个下限,和一个或多个上限。给定范围是通过选定一个下限和一个上限进行限定的。选定的下限和上限限定了特别范围的边界。所有可以这种方式进行限定的范围是包含和可组合的,即任何下限可以与任何上限组合形成一个范围。例如,针对特定参数列出了100~140和500~900的范围,理解为100~140和500~900的范围也是预料到的。此外,如果列出的最小范围值1和2,和如果列出了最大范围3,4和5,则下面的范围可全部预料到:1~2、1~4、1~5、2~3、2~4和2~5。
本发明中,除非有其他说明,数值范围“a~b”表示a到b之间的任意实数组合的缩略表示,其中a和b都是实数。例如数值范围“0~5”表示本文中已经全部列出了“0~5”之间的全部实数,“0~5”只是这些数值组合的缩略表示。
在本发明中,如果没有特别的说明,本文所提到的所有实施方式以及优选实施方式可以互相组合形成新的技术方案。
在本发明中,如果没有特别的说明,本文所提到的所有技术特征以及优选特征可以互相组合形成新的技术方案。
下面将结合具体实施例来具体阐述本发明的优选实施方法,但是应当理解,本领域技术人员可以在不背离权利要求书限定的范围的前提下,对这些实施例进行合理的变化、改良和相互组合,从而获得新的具体实施方法,这些通过变化、改良和相互组合获得的新的具体实施方式也都包括在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例1
步骤一、单斜相焦磷酸铜和三斜相磷酸铜的制备
将12mmol三水合硝酸铜和8mmol磷酸二氢铵溶解于去离子水中,充分搅拌至反应生成沉淀物。然后加入6mmol一水合柠檬酸,搅拌至沉淀物消失,随后置于120℃的空气环境中烘干。将得到的材料转移至坩埚中,置于马弗炉中在700℃下煅烧1个小时,可制得三斜相磷酸铜;其它实验条件不变,当初始加入的三水合硝酸铜改为8.5mmol时,可制得单斜相焦磷酸铜。
步骤二、性能表征测试
所有的电化学研究均在在电化学工作站(CHI 660E)中进行。H型气密反应池由Nafion-117膜分隔为两个反应室。在三电极体系中,使用负载焦磷酸铜或磷酸铜的玻碳电极作为工作电极、银/氯化银电极(3.5M KCl)和铂网分别作为参比电极和对电极,CO2饱和的0.1M KHCO3溶液作为电解液;在流动反应池中,负载磷酸铜的铜/聚四氟乙烯气体扩散电极作为工作电极、银/氯化银电极和泡沫镍分别作为为参比电极和对电极,2.0M KOH溶液作为电解液,测试温度为室温。采用气相色谱法(RAMIN,GC2060,GC在线测试)对CO2电还原的气体产物进行分析,配以火焰离子化检测器(FID,检测CO,CH4,C2H4)和热导检测器(TCD,检测H2),Ar被用作载体。
图1是实施例1所制备产品的数码照片,可以看出制备出的单斜相焦磷酸铜和三斜相磷酸铜为浅蓝色粉末;
图2是实施例1所制备产品的X射线衍射图谱,扫描范围为10°~80°,从中看出材料的衍射峰分别对应了磷酸铜(PDF#97-006-8811)的三斜相和焦磷酸铜(PDF#97-015-7107)的单斜相,没有任何杂质;
图3是实施例1所制备的三斜相磷酸铜和单斜相焦磷酸铜的拉曼光谱图,其衍射峰分别对应材料中的磷酸根(PO4)3-和焦磷酸根(P2O7)4-基团;
图4是实施例1所制备的三斜相磷酸铜和单斜相焦磷酸铜的透射电镜图,从中看出制得的磷酸铜和焦磷酸铜均为形状不规则的纳米颗粒,它们的高分辨透射电镜图中观察到的晶格间距分别对应三斜相磷酸铜的(110)晶面和单斜相焦磷酸铜的晶面;
图5是实施例1所制备的三斜相磷酸铜和单斜相焦磷酸铜在H型反应池中以0.1MKHCO3为电解液时的线性扫描伏安曲线,使用负载焦磷酸铜或磷酸铜的玻碳电极作为工作电极、银/氯化银电极和铂网分别作为参比电极和对电极,如图所示,其均在CO2气氛中表现出更高的还原反应电流密度,证明了CO2还原反应的优先性;
图6是实施例1所制备的三斜相磷酸铜和单斜相焦磷酸铜在H型反应池中以CO2饱和的0.1M KHCO3为电解液时不同电位下产物的法拉第效率图,可以看出它们在-1.2~-1.5V电位下展现出显著的乙烯选择性,其中磷酸铜在-1.45V电位下乙烯法拉第效率高达69.7%,焦磷酸铜在-1.4V电位下的法拉第效率可以达到64.0%;
图7是实施例1所制备的三斜相磷酸铜和单斜相焦磷酸铜在H型反应池中以CO2饱和的0.1M KHCO3为电解液时不同电位下乙烯产物的局域电流密度图,在-1.5V电位下,磷酸铜和焦磷酸铜的乙烯产物局域电流密度分别为-24.8mA cm-2和-21.1mA cm-2;
图8是实施例1所制备的三斜相磷酸铜在流动反应池中以2.0M KOH为电解液时在不同电流密度下产物的法拉第效率图,测试条件为标准的三电极体系,磷酸铜负载在铜/聚四氟乙烯气体扩散电极上作为工作电极,银/氯化银电极为参比电极,泡沫镍为对电极,测试温度为室温。通过CHI660电化学工作站施加恒定过电位时,在GC2060气相色谱和核磁共振氢谱上所测的CO2还原产物法拉第效率显示,当施加电流密度为-350mA cm-2时,多碳产物的选择性达到最高值90.9%(52.8%乙烯,30.7%乙醇,5.9%乙酸,1.5%正丙醇),其局域电流密度高达-318.2mA cm-2;
图9是实施例1所制备的三斜相磷酸铜在流动反应池中以2.0M KOH为电解液时在-300mA cm-2电流密度下的产物法拉第效率和相应的电位图,如图所示,多碳产物的选择性在持续反应18小时后仍维持在80%以上,证明其在CO2还原反应过程中具有稳定的催化活性。
与现有的电催化还原CO2产生多碳产物的材料制备方法相比,本发明具有以下优点:材料合成操作简单,周期短,可实现大规模制备;原材料地球储量丰富,成本低廉;具有优异的电催化产多碳产物选择性与活性,可以在工业级电流密度的条件下,实现高效的CO2至乙烯等多碳产物的转化。
实施例2
将3mmol三水合硝酸铜和2mmol磷酸二氢铵溶解于去离子水中,充分搅拌至反应生成沉淀物。然后加入1.5mmol一水合柠檬酸,搅拌至沉淀物消失,随后置于100℃的空气环境中烘干。将得到的材料转移至坩埚中,置于马弗炉中在500℃下煅烧6个小时,可制得三斜相磷酸铜;其它实验条件不变,当初始加入的三水合硝酸铜改为3.2mmol时,可制得单斜相焦磷酸铜。特征和性能与实施例1类似。
实施例3
将24mmol三水合硝酸铜和16mmol磷酸二氢铵溶解于去离子水中,充分搅拌至反应生成沉淀物。然后加入12mmol一水合柠檬酸,搅拌至沉淀物消失,随后置于140℃的空气环境中烘干。将得到的材料转移至坩埚中,置于马弗炉中在900℃下煅烧1个小时,可制得三斜相磷酸铜;其它实验条件不变,当初始加入的三水合硝酸铜改为25.4mmol时,可制得单斜相焦磷酸铜。特征和性能与实施例1类似。
本发明所得到的材料应用于电催化还原CO2生成多碳产物。制备三斜相磷酸铜和单斜相焦磷酸铜应用于电催化还原CO2生成多碳产物是在常温常压下进行的。使用标准的三电极体系,在H型反应池中,以0.1M KHCO3为电解液,使用负载焦磷酸铜或磷酸铜的玻碳电极作为工作电极、银/氯化银电极和铂网分别作为参比电极和对电极;在流动反应池中,以2.0M KOH为电解液,磷酸铜负载在铜/聚四氟乙烯气体扩散电极上作为工作电极,银/氯化银电极为参比电极,泡沫镍为对电极。以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种单斜相焦磷酸铜和三斜相磷酸铜,其特征在于,采用三水合硝酸铜和磷酸二氢铵分别作为铜源和磷源,一水合柠檬酸作为络合剂,通过烘干后高温煅烧处理;然后将得到的产物通过调控铜盐和磷酸盐的比例,分别制得单斜相焦磷酸铜和三斜相磷酸铜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的单斜相焦磷酸铜和三斜相磷酸铜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)根据比例将3~26mmol三水合硝酸铜和2~16mmol磷酸二氢铵溶解于去离子水中,充分搅拌至反应生成沉淀物;然后加入1.5~12mmol一水合柠檬酸,搅拌至沉淀物消失,随后置于100~140℃的空气环境中烘干。
(2)将步骤(1)得到的材料转移至坩埚中,置于马弗炉中在500~900℃下煅烧1~6个小时,当初始加入的铜/磷元素比为1.5时,即得到三斜相磷酸铜;当初始铜/磷元素比为1.06时,制得单斜相焦磷酸铜。
3.根据权利要求1所述的单斜相焦磷酸铜和三斜相磷酸铜的应用,其特征在于,所述单斜相焦磷酸铜和三斜相磷酸铜作为电催化剂应用于电催化还原CO2制乙烯或乙醇多碳产物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,应用的方法如下:在H型反应池中,以CO2饱和的0.1M KHCO3溶液作为电解液,以负载焦磷酸铜或磷酸铜的玻碳电极作为工作电极、银/氯化银电极作为参比电极、测试温度为0~40℃;当施加电压为-1.4~-1.5V vs.RHE时,乙烯产物的法拉第效率达到55~73%。
5.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,应用方法如下:在流动反应池中,以1.0~2.0M KOH溶液作为电解液,以负载磷酸铜的铜/聚四氟乙烯气体扩散电极作为工作电极、泡沫镍作为阳极,测试温度为0~40℃;当施加电流密度为-200~-400mA cm-2时,多碳产物的法拉第效率达到80~91%。
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