CN116460407A - Copper alloy and alloy steel workpiece and hot isostatic pressing diffusion connection method thereof - Google Patents
Copper alloy and alloy steel workpiece and hot isostatic pressing diffusion connection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116460407A CN116460407A CN202310436433.0A CN202310436433A CN116460407A CN 116460407 A CN116460407 A CN 116460407A CN 202310436433 A CN202310436433 A CN 202310436433A CN 116460407 A CN116460407 A CN 116460407A
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- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000009489 vacuum treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000619 316 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QZLJNVMRJXHARQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Zr].[Cr].[Cu] Chemical compound [Zr].[Cr].[Cu] QZLJNVMRJXHARQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000967 As alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052774 Proactinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 alloy copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000861 blow drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004482 other powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/02—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding
- B23K20/021—Isostatic pressure welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/02—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding
- B23K20/023—Thermo-compression bonding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a copper alloy and alloy steel workpiece and a hot isostatic pressing diffusion connection method thereof, wherein the connection surface of the copper alloy and alloy steel is polished and cleaned and placed in a sheath, and vacuum pumping treatment is carried out on the sheath; heating and vacuum treatment is carried out on the sheath, so that the sheath is in a vacuum state; placing the sheath in a vacuum state in a hot isostatic pressing furnace, and cooling the sheath along with the hot isostatic pressing furnace; when the temperature in the sheath is 150-450 ℃, the vacuum degree is kept to be 1.0X10% ‑4 Sealing and welding the degassing pipe of the sheath under Pa; performing diffusion connection treatment by using a hot isostatic pressing furnace, filling inert gas in the hot isostatic pressing furnace when performing the diffusion connection treatment, keeping the temperature in the hot isostatic pressing furnace at 600-1100 ℃ and the pressure at 100-180MPa for 2-4h when performing the diffusion connection treatment; and obtaining the workpiece. To solve the problems ofThe dissimilar metals cannot meet the use requirements of steel alloy and copper alloy through rotor connection.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of dissimilar metal connection, in particular to a copper alloy and alloy steel workpiece and a hot isostatic pressing diffusion connection method thereof.
Background
Due to the difference of thermal physical and chemical properties, the alloy copper and the alloy steel easily form eutectic with low melting point in the forming process, are easy to deform and crack under the action of larger welding stress, and the crystal grains in the workpiece are seriously grown under the action of welding thermal cycle, so that the strength, the conductivity, the corrosion resistance and the like of the workpiece are obviously reduced. The main methods for realizing the connection of dissimilar metals such as alloy copper, alloy steel and the like are submerged arc welding, explosion welding, brazing, CMT welding, vacuum diffusion, friction welding and the like. The method can be called a rotor connecting method, and the rotor connecting method improves the defects and shortcomings of copper alloy and alloy steel in the welding process.
Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) diffusion bonding technology can also be used, which is a process for compacting materials by applying uniform static pressure to a workpiece in each direction under a high-temperature environment by taking argon or nitrogen as a heat and pressure transfer medium. The dissimilar metal workpiece is placed in the vacuum sheath, the dissimilar metal state can be a solid-solid state, a powder-solid state or a powder-powder state, and under the conditions of vacuum, high temperature and high pressure, the workpiece is uniformly stressed and heated in all directions, so that the defect-free diffusion connection with complete structure, excellent quality and isotropy is realized.
The development of composite components of steel alloys and copper alloys is increasingly demanding, and welding techniques for rotor joining are only capable of achieving small-size rotor joining, for example: when inert shielding gas is adopted for welding, inert gas atoms are inevitably introduced into a welding area, so that the brittleness phenomenon is easy to occur, and the toughness of a workpiece is poor; the depth of a diffusion layer at a brazing work piece and a vacuum diffusion welding work piece is shallow, the strength is low, and when large-size and high-rotation-speed rotors are connected, the bonding strength of a welding technology interface of the rotor connection is insufficient, so that the use requirement cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a copper alloy and alloy steel workpiece and a hot isostatic pressing diffusion connection method thereof, which are used for solving the problem that dissimilar metals cannot meet the use requirements of the steel alloy and the copper alloy through rotor connection.
To solve the above problems, in a first aspect, the present application provides a method for hot isostatic pressing diffusion connection between a copper alloy and an alloy steel workpiece, including: polishing and cleaning the connection surface of the copper alloy and the alloy steel; placing the copper alloy and alloy steel into a sheath, and performing vacuumizing treatment on the sheath; heating and vacuum treatment is carried out on the sheath, so that the sheath is in a vacuum state; placing the sheath in a vacuum state in a hot isostatic pressing furnace, and cooling the sheath along with the hot isostatic pressing furnace; when the temperature in the sheath is in the range of 150-450 ℃, keeping the vacuum degree below 1.0x10 < -4 > Pa, and sealing and welding the degassing pipe of the sheath; performing diffusion connection treatment by using the hot isostatic pressing furnace, filling inert gas into the hot isostatic pressing furnace when performing the diffusion connection treatment, wherein the temperature in the hot isostatic pressing furnace is 600-1100 ℃ and the pressure is 100-180MPa when performing the diffusion connection treatment, and preserving heat and pressure for 2-4h; and releasing pressure, cooling, and removing the sheath to obtain the workpiece.
Optionally, the step of performing a vacuum process on the sheath includes: the envelope is subjected to vacuum treatment at room temperature of 23+ -2deg.C or 25+ -5deg.C or 20+ -5deg.C, and vacuum degree of 2.0X10-3 Pa or less.
Optionally, the heating vacuum treatment includes a primary heating vacuum treatment and a secondary heating vacuum treatment, and the method further includes: performing primary heating vacuum treatment on the sheath; and performing secondary heating vacuum treatment on the sheath.
Optionally, the step of performing a primary heating vacuum treatment on the jacket includes: heating the sheath at 200-500 ℃; and (3) carrying out heat preservation treatment on the sheath, wherein the heat preservation time is 2-6h, and the vacuum degree is kept below 1.0x10 < -3 > Pa.
Optionally, the step of performing a secondary heating vacuum treatment on the sheath includes: heating the sheath at 400-900 ℃; and (3) carrying out heat preservation treatment on the sheath, wherein the heat preservation time is 4-9h, and the vacuum degree is kept below 1.0x10 < -4 > Pa.
Optionally, the step of polishing and cleaning the joint surfaces of the copper alloy and the alloy steel includes: polishing the connection surface of the copper alloy and the alloy steel by sand paper; cleaning the polished connecting surface by using ethanol cleaning liquid; and drying the cleaned connecting surface by using inert gas.
Optionally, the sheath is formed by welding pure iron, stainless steel or Q235 materials with the thickness of 1-3 mm.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a copper alloy and alloy steel workpiece, comprising a copper alloy piece and an alloy steel piece, wherein the copper alloy piece and the alloy steel piece are connected by the hot isostatic pressing diffusion connection method in the first aspect.
Optionally, the copper alloy piece comprises copper alloy powder and/or copper alloy solid, the copper alloy comprises copper chromium zirconium, tin bronze and red copper, and the purity of the copper alloy powder is 99.5-99.99%.
Optionally, the alloy steel piece comprises 45# steel, 304 stainless steel, 316 stainless steel, 25Cr2Ni4MoV, 00Cr17Ni14Mo2, 28 crmoiv.
According to the technical scheme, the application provides a copper alloy and alloy steel workpiece and a hot isostatic pressing diffusion connection method thereof, wherein the method comprises the steps of polishing and cleaning a connection surface of the copper alloy and alloy steel; placing the copper alloy and alloy steel into a sheath, and performing vacuumizing treatment on the sheath; heating and vacuum treatment is carried out on the sheath, so that the sheath is in a vacuum state; placing the sheath in a vacuum state in a hot isostatic pressing furnace, and cooling the sheath along with the hot isostatic pressing furnace; when the temperature in the sheath is in the range of 150-450 ℃, keeping the vacuum degree below 1.0x10 < -4 > Pa, and sealing and welding the degassing pipe of the sheath; performing diffusion connection treatment by using the hot isostatic pressing furnace, filling inert gas into the hot isostatic pressing furnace when performing the diffusion connection treatment, wherein the temperature in the hot isostatic pressing furnace is 600-1100 ℃ and the pressure is 100-180MPa when performing the diffusion connection treatment, and preserving heat and pressure for 2-4h; and releasing pressure, cooling and removing the sheath.
Under the action of external pressure, part of the connecting surface is firstly subjected to plastic deformation, and under the action of continuous pressure, the connecting area is gradually enlarged, so that the reliable contact of the whole connecting surface is finally achieved; interatomic diffusion of the connecting surface to form a bonding layer; the bonding layer gradually diffuses and develops towards the volume direction, so that defects disappear, and finally diffusion, recrystallization and other processes occur in the workpiece connection area and bonding is completed, so that the problem that dissimilar metals cannot meet the use requirements of steel alloy and copper alloy through rotor connection is solved.
According to the method, the obtained diffusion workpiece is reliable, the crack tendency is small, the strength of the workpiece is high, the use requirement of a large-size rotor can be met, in addition, compared with other dissimilar metal diffusion connection, the method belongs to the field of solid connection, no liquid phase exists basically, the heat affected zone is small, the integrated conducting bars and the end rings are integrally formed, the rotor has high conductivity, and the process conditions are easy to control.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a method for hot isostatic pressing diffusion joining of copper alloy and alloy steel workpieces;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a heated vacuum process in a hot isostatic pressing furnace.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, the same numbers in different drawings refer to the same or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the examples below do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. Merely as examples of systems and methods consistent with some aspects of the present application as detailed in the claims.
Hot isostatic pressing is a process technique that utilizes the simultaneous action of high temperature and high pressure to subject a metal or ceramic article to equal pressures in each direction to sinter and densify the article. The obtained workpiece has the advantages of stable chemical components, isotropy of mechanical properties, good structural adaptability and lower cost. Carbon fiber materials have wide application in the fields of aviation, navigation, military industry, automobiles and the like due to high strength and light weight, and can be manufactured by hot isostatic pressing technology, for example: the carbon fiber powder is combined with other powder, and other parameters such as strength, weight and the like of the carbon fiber can be better by utilizing the hot isostatic pressing technology.
In order to facilitate the technical solution of the application, some parameters related to the application are first described below.
In the diffusion bonding of dissimilar materials, the quality of the work piece determines the feasibility of the diffusion bonding, while the quality of the work piece is related to the diffusion behavior of the work piece elements, the extent of diffusion and the properties of the resultant are closely related to the work piece performance, which directly affect the quality of the diffusion bonding, and these are accomplished under a certain diffusion process, the process of which is closely related to the process of diffusion bonding, and the main process parameters of the hot isostatic pressing diffusion bonding are as follows: temperature, pressure, time, etc.
Temperature is an important contributor to diffusion bonding, and dissimilar metals are accompanied by a range of physical, chemical, mechanical, and metallurgical changes during diffusion bonding heating, all of which may directly or indirectly affect the diffusion bonding process and workpiece quality. Wherein, the higher the temperature is, the larger the diffusion coefficient is, and simultaneously, the higher the temperature is, the better the plastic deformation of metal is, and the obtained workpiece has better strength. That is, a higher diffusion bonding temperature may be selected, but the heating temperature is limited by the physical properties of the bonding material, such as the recrystallization temperature, the effect between the low melting eutectic and the intermetallic compound, if the temperature is higher, for example: the temperature is higher than 1100 ℃, which not only wastes energy, but also may deteriorate the product performance; if the temperature is low, for example: plastic deformation is difficult to occur at a temperature below 900 c to form a good bond.
The pressure can promote the micro-convex parts on the connecting surface to generate plastic deformation, and then the micro-convex parts reach a close contact state, so that atoms at the connecting surface are activated by migration, diffusion and interface hole closure are accelerated, and diffusion holes are prevented. In the embodiment, if the hot isostatic pressure of the copper alloy and the alloy steel is more than 150MPa, the waste of the process cost is easy to generate; if the pressure is less than 120MPa, the migration of atoms at the junction may not be activated, affecting diffusion.
The time of heat preservation and pressure maintaining has great influence on the thickness of the diffusion layer and the homogenization of the components and the tissues of the workpiece. Specifically, the average distance of the atomic diffusion is proportional to the square root of the diffusion time, and under the condition that other parameters (such as pressure) are unchanged, the heat preservation time is properly prolonged, so that the diffusion can be carried out more fully, and a workpiece with uniform tissues is formed. However, the temperature of diffusion bonding is generally above the recrystallization temperature, and too long a holding time is detrimental to the work piece, which can cause grain growth in the work piece bonding area. Therefore, the holding time in this example is not longer than 4 hours, but in order to sufficiently diffuse atoms to improve the comprehensive performance after diffusion treatment, the holding time is not shorter than 2 hours.
Composite components of alloy steel with copper and copper alloys are widely used because of their complementary performance and economic advantages, such as: the first wall part of ITER is prepared, the rotor of steam turbine, heat exchanger etc. but these structures have higher requirements on rotor connection, and the existing dissimilar metal rotor connection uses a brazing method, so that only small-size rotor connection can be realized, and when large-size and high-rotation-speed rotors are connected, the interface bonding strength is insufficient, and the use requirement is affected.
In order to solve the above problems, some embodiments of the present application provide a method for performing hot isostatic pressing diffusion connection between a copper alloy and an alloy steel workpiece, referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for performing hot isostatic pressing diffusion connection between a copper alloy and an alloy steel workpiece, including:
s100: polishing and cleaning the connection surface of the copper alloy and the alloy steel;
in some embodiments, the step of polishing and cleaning the joining surfaces of the copper alloy and the alloy steel comprises: polishing the connection surface of the copper alloy and the alloy steel by sand paper, cleaning the polished connection surface by ethanol cleaning liquid, and drying the cleaned connection surface by inert gas, wherein in some embodiments, the inert gas is argon or nitrogen, for example: and drying by using argon.
S200: placing copper alloy and alloy steel into a sheath, and performing vacuumizing treatment on the sheath;
in this embodiment, it is optional to place the alloy steel in the sheath first and then place the copper alloy or copper alloy powder in the sheath.
The sheath can isolate the copper alloy and alloy steel from the hot isostatic pressing furnace, so that the mutual pollution between the copper alloy and alloy steel and the hot isostatic pressing furnace is reduced, and the purity and the strength of the connecting surface are improved. The sheath can be designed into different shapes through computer aided design software, so that the sheath size meets the requirement of later loading, and seamless pipes or plates are spliced and welded to form the sheath. The heating temperature in the heating vacuum treatment process can reach 900-1100 ℃, so that the melting point of the sheath material is higher than the heating temperature in order to prevent the sheath from melting in the subsequent heating process, and the sheath is easy to weld and form and has good conduction effect at high temperature and high pressure.
In some embodiments, the sheath is formed from a 1-3mm thick pure iron, stainless steel, or Q235 material by welding, for example: stainless steel material is selected, the melting point of the stainless steel material is 1400 ℃, the melting point is higher than the temperature of heating vacuum treatment, the probability of melting is reduced, and 304 stainless steel or 316L stainless steel can also be selected. In order to facilitate the connection of the vacuum extractor and the loading of the copper alloy powder, in some embodiments, the sheath is provided with a connection hole, which can be used for loading the copper alloy powder and leading out the degassing tube, the degassing tube is connected with the vacuum extractor, in some embodiments, the upper cover, the lower cover, the cylinder and the degassing tube of the sheath can be sealed and welded by an argon arc welding machine, and after sealing and welding are completed, the tightness of the sheath can be checked.
In some embodiments, the sheath may also be subjected to a cleaning process in advance, such as: firstly, the sheath is cleaned by ethanol cleaning liquid, and then the cleaned sheath is dried, so that the interior of the sheath is kept clean, and the influence on copper alloy and alloy steel in the sheath is reduced.
S300: heating and vacuum treatment is carried out on the sheath, so that the sheath is in a vacuum state;
referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an in-furnace heated vacuum process, which in some embodiments includes a primary heated vacuum process and a secondary heated vacuum process, the method further comprising:
performing a primary heating vacuum on the jacket, in some embodiments, the step of performing a primary heating vacuum on the jacket comprises: heating the sheath at 200-500 ℃; the wrap is subjected to heat preservation treatment for 2 to 6 hours, and the vacuum degree is kept to be 1.0x10 -3 Pa or below.
Performing a secondary heating vacuum process on the jacket, in some embodiments, the step of performing a secondary heating vacuum process on the jacket comprises: heating the sheath at 400-900 ℃; the heat preservation treatment is carried out on the sheath, the heat preservation time is 4-9h, and the vacuum degree is kept to be 1.0x10 -4 Pa or below.
S400: placing the sheath in a vacuum state in a hot isostatic pressing furnace, and cooling the sheath along with the hot isostatic pressing furnace;
s500: when the temperature in the sheath is 150-450 ℃, the vacuum degree is kept to be 1.0X10% -4 Below Pa, the jacketed degassing tube is sealed, and in some embodiments, a hydraulic clamp may be used for the sealing operation.
S600: performing diffusion connection treatment by using a hot isostatic pressing furnace, filling inert gas in the hot isostatic pressing furnace when performing the diffusion connection treatment, keeping the temperature in the hot isostatic pressing furnace at 600-1100 ℃ and the pressure at 100-180MPa for 2-4h when performing the diffusion connection treatment;
it will be appreciated that the pressure imparted to the sheath in this embodiment is applied uniformly from different directions, squeezing the sample by plastic deformation, thereby effecting a diffusion bond.
S700: and releasing pressure, cooling, and removing the sheath to obtain the workpiece.
Based on the method provided by the embodiment, the preparation of the copper alloy and alloy steel workpiece can be completed by adopting the following steps:
firstly, copper alloy powder and alloy steel pieces can be adopted, specifically, the purity of the copper alloy powder in the embodiment can be 99.7%, the alloy steel pieces can be 304 stainless steel, firstly, the connecting surface of the 304 stainless steel is polished by sand paper, then the polished connecting surface is cleaned by ethanol cleaning liquid, in some embodiments, the cleaning time can be set to be 10-20min, and is exemplified by 15min, finally, the cleaned connecting surface is dried by argon, and other inert gases can be selected, and for the copper alloy powder, in some embodiments, the connecting surface can be cleaned by a physical method, for example: cleaning by a cleaning liquid backflushing, cleaning gas backflushing or ultrasonic method; in other embodiments, cleaning may also be performed chemically, for example: dilute acid, dilute alkali, oxidizing agent, surfactant, etc., and by way of example, dilute acid is selected for cleaning, copper alloy powder can be dried after cleaning is completed, a metal powder dryer can be selected for the drying process, and the dried powder can be obtained in a short time.
After the drying is finished, respectively weighing 150g of copper alloy powder after the drying and 150g of 304 stainless steel after polishing, cleaning and blow-drying, putting into a sheath, welding and forming pure iron, stainless steel or Q235 material with the thickness of 1-3mm in the sheath, and sealing and welding an upper cover, a lower cover, a cylinder body and a degassing pipe of the sheath by using an argon arc welding machine, wherein after the sealing and welding are finished, the tightness test is carried out on the sheath, and the tightness of the sheath accords with the leakage rate of less than 1.0x10 in a vacuum mode - 9 Pa.m 3 And/s, the sheath can be used.
Placing copper alloy powder and 304 stainless steel within a capsule, first vacuum treating at room temperature, in some embodiments, the step of performing a vacuum treatment on the capsule comprises: vacuum treating the sheath at room temperature of 23+ -2deg.C, 25+ -5deg.C or 20+ -5deg.C, with vacuum degree of 2.0X10 -3 Pa or below. Exemplary, the vacuum is set to 1.7X10 at 25 DEG C -3 Pa, no heat preservation treatment is neededThe first-stage heating vacuum treatment can be performed on the sheath, the heating temperature is set to 300 ℃ for example, the heat preservation treatment is performed on the sheath, and the vacuum degree is kept to be 0.8x10 -3 Pa, holding time 4h, and subjecting the sheath to secondary heating vacuum treatment, wherein the heating temperature is set to 600deg.C and vacuum degree is maintained at 0.8X10 -4 Pa, preserving heat for 7h and 7h, placing the sheath in a hot isostatic pressing furnace, and cooling the sheath along with the hot isostatic pressing furnace until the cooling temperature reaches 150-450 ℃, for example: when the temperature is 440 ℃, the vacuum degree is kept to be 0.8x10 -4 Pa, sealing and welding the degassing pipe of the sheath by using a hydraulic clamp.
At this time, diffusion connection is performed in the hot isostatic pressing furnace, and the hot isostatic pressing furnace is filled with argon gas, the temperature in the hot isostatic pressing furnace is set to 1000 ℃, the pressure is 150MPa, and the pressure is maintained for 4 hours.
And after 4 hours, releasing pressure, and taking out the workpiece after the sheath is removed when the temperature in the hot isostatic pressing furnace is cooled to 200 ℃ or below.
In some embodiments, the sheath may be removed using a machining process or an electrochemical process.
Based on the hot isostatic pressing diffusion connection method of the copper alloy and the alloy steel, some embodiments of the application also provide a copper alloy and alloy steel workpiece, which comprises the following steps: the copper alloy piece and the alloy steel piece are connected through the hot isostatic pressing diffusion connection method provided by the embodiment of the part.
In some embodiments, the copper alloy pieces comprise copper alloy powder and/or copper alloy solids, the copper alloy comprising copper chromium zirconium, tin bronze, and red copper, the copper alloy powder having a purity of 99.5-99.99%.
In some embodiments, the alloy steel piece comprises 45# steel, 304 stainless steel, 316 stainless steel, 25Cr2Ni4MoV, 00Cr17Ni14Mo2, 28 crmoiv.
The copper alloy and alloy steel work pieces were tested for strength, number of diffusion holes, and grain size at different temperatures, vacuum, and pressures in the hot isostatic pressing diffusion joining method of copper alloy and alloy steel work pieces by way of several examples, and the results are shown in tables 1, 2, and 3. It should be understood that the actual hot isostatic pressing diffusion bonding method is not limited to the following ways, but copper alloy and alloy steel workpieces may be prepared according to specific process parameters according to the methods provided in the above embodiments.
In the examples 1, 2 and 3, 150g of copper alloy powder and 150g of 304 stainless steel are selected, the stainless steel with the thickness of 2mm is selected for the sheath by using the same polishing, cleaning and drying mode, and the same vacuum treatment is adopted at the same room temperature;
in the stage of primary heating vacuum treatment, heating temperature is 300 deg.C, and vacuum degree is 0.8X10 -3 Pa, and the incubation time is chosen to be 4 hours.
In the second stage of heating and vacuum treatment, the heating temperature is 600 ℃, and the vacuum degree is 0.8X10 -4 Pa, holding time 7h.
Diffusion bonding treatment was performed in a hot isostatic press furnace, wherein the parameters of example 1 were selected: the temperature is 600 ℃, the pressure is 150MPa, and the heat preservation and the pressure maintaining are carried out for 3 hours;
parameter selection of example 2: the temperature is 800 ℃, the pressure is 150MPa, and the heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 3 hours;
parameter selection of example 3: the temperature is 1000 ℃, the pressure is 150MPa, and the heat preservation and the pressure maintaining are carried out for 3 hours;
| example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | |
| strength/MPa | 865 | 925 | 940 |
| Diffusion hole number/number | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Grain size/. Mu.m | 2.8 | 2.75 | 2.7 |
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, the temperature has a certain influence on the strength of the workpiece, and in the diffusion bonding, a higher temperature can be selected within the range proposed in the present embodiment, but since other parameters such as the recrystallization temperature also have an influence on the strength of the workpiece, the temperature cannot be used as the only factor for improving the strength of the workpiece.
Parameter selection in example 4: the temperature is 800 ℃, the pressure is 100MPa, and the heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 3 hours;
parameter selection of example 5: the temperature is 800 ℃, the pressure is 150MPa, and the heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 3 hours;
parameter selection of example 6: the temperature is 800 ℃, the pressure is 180MPa, and the heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 3 hours;
| example 4 | Example 5 | Example 6 | |
| strength/MPa | 925 | 925 | 925 |
| Diffusion hole number/number | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Grain size/. Mu.m | 2.75 | 2.75 | 2.75 |
TABLE 2
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the number of diffusion holes was not greatly affected in the pressure range of the present example.
Parameter selection of example 7: the temperature is 800 ℃, the pressure is 150MPa, and the heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 2 hours;
parameter selection of example 8: the temperature is 800 ℃, the pressure is 150MPa, and the heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 3 hours;
parameter selection of example 9: the temperature is 800 ℃, the pressure is 150MPa, and the heat preservation and pressure maintaining are carried out for 4 hours;
| example 7 | Example 8 | Example 9 | |
| strength/MPa | 925 | 936 | 938 |
| Diffusion hole number/number | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Grain size/. Mu.m | 2.75 | 2.6 | 2.55 |
TABLE 3 Table 3
As can be seen from table 3, the time of heat preservation and pressure maintaining has a certain influence on the grain size and strength, and in the range proposed in this embodiment, a longer heat preservation and pressure maintaining time can be selected, and the grain size can be smaller by properly extending the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time, so that the diffusion is more sufficient.
The application provides a copper alloy and alloy steel workpiece and a hot isostatic pressing diffusion connection method thereof, wherein the method comprises the steps of polishing and cleaning a connection surface of the copper alloy and alloy steel; placing copper alloy and alloy steel into a sheath, and performing vacuumizing treatment on the sheath; heating and vacuum treatment is carried out on the sheath, so that the sheath is in a vacuum state; placing the sheath in a vacuum state in a hot isostatic pressing furnace, and cooling the sheath along with the hot isostatic pressing furnace; when the temperature in the sheath is in the range of 150-450 ℃, keeping the vacuum degree below 1.0X10-4 Pa, and sealing and welding the degassing pipe of the sheath; performing diffusion connection treatment by using a hot isostatic pressing furnace, filling inert gas in the hot isostatic pressing furnace when performing the diffusion connection treatment, keeping the temperature in the hot isostatic pressing furnace at 600-1100 ℃ and the pressure at 100-180MPa for 2-4h when performing the diffusion connection treatment; and (5) releasing pressure, cooling and removing the sheath. The method solves the problem that dissimilar metals cannot meet the use requirements of steel alloy and copper alloy through rotor connection.
The foregoing detailed description of the embodiments is merely illustrative of the general principles of the present application and should not be taken in any way as limiting the scope of the invention. Any other embodiments developed in accordance with the present application without inventive effort are within the scope of the present application for those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. The hot isostatic pressing diffusion connection method for the copper alloy and the alloy steel workpiece is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
polishing and cleaning the connection surface of the copper alloy and the alloy steel;
placing the copper alloy and alloy steel into a sheath, and performing vacuumizing treatment on the sheath;
heating and vacuum treatment is carried out on the sheath, so that the sheath is in a vacuum state;
placing the sheath in a vacuum state in a hot isostatic pressing furnace, and cooling the sheath along with the hot isostatic pressing furnace;
when the temperature in the sheath is 150-450 ℃, the vacuum degree is kept to be 1.0x10 -4 Sealing and welding the degassing pipe of the sheath under Pa;
performing diffusion connection treatment by using the hot isostatic pressing furnace, filling inert gas into the hot isostatic pressing furnace when performing the diffusion connection treatment, wherein the temperature in the hot isostatic pressing furnace is 600-1100 ℃ and the pressure is 100-180MPa when performing the diffusion connection treatment, and preserving heat and pressure for 2-4h;
and releasing pressure, cooling, and removing the sheath to obtain the workpiece.
2. The method of hot isostatic pressing diffusion bonding of a copper alloy to an alloy steel workpiece according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing a vacuum-pumping treatment on the capsule comprises:
vacuum-treating the envelope at room temperature of 23+ -2deg.C or 25+ -5deg.C or 20+ -5deg.C with vacuum degree of 2.0X10 -3 Pa or below.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the heating vacuum treatment comprises a primary heating vacuum treatment and a secondary heating vacuum treatment, the method further comprising:
performing primary heating vacuum treatment on the sheath;
and performing secondary heating vacuum treatment on the sheath.
4. The method of hot isostatic pressing diffusion bonding of a copper alloy to an alloy steel workpiece according to claim 3, wherein the step of performing a primary heating vacuum treatment on the capsule comprises:
heating the sheath at 200-500 ℃;
the wrap is subjected to heat preservation treatment for 2-6h, and the vacuum degree is kept to be 1.0x10 -3 Pa or below.
5. The method of hot isostatic pressing diffusion bonding of a copper alloy to a steel alloy workpiece according to claim 3, wherein the step of performing a secondary heating vacuum treatment on the capsule comprises:
heating the sheath at 400-900 ℃;
the heat preservation treatment is carried out on the sheath, the heat preservation time is 4-9h, and the vacuum degree is kept to be 1.0x10 -4 Pa or below.
6. The method of hot isostatic pressing diffusion bonding of a copper alloy to a steel alloy workpiece according to claim 1, wherein the step of polishing and cleaning the bonding surfaces of the copper alloy and the steel alloy comprises:
polishing the connection surface of the copper alloy and the alloy steel by sand paper;
cleaning the polished connecting surface by using ethanol cleaning liquid;
and drying the cleaned connecting surface by using inert gas.
7. The method for hot isostatic pressing diffusion connection of copper alloy and alloy steel workpieces according to claim 1, wherein the sheath is formed by welding pure iron, stainless steel or Q235 materials with the thickness of 1-3 mm.
8. A copper alloy and alloy steel workpiece, characterized by comprising a copper alloy piece and an alloy steel piece, said copper alloy piece and said alloy steel piece being joined by the hot isostatic diffusion joining method of any one of claims 1-7.
9. The copper alloy and alloyed steel workpiece according to claim 8, characterized in that the copper alloy workpiece comprises copper alloy powder and/or copper alloy solids, the copper alloy comprising copper chromium zirconium, tin bronze and red copper, the copper alloy powder having a purity of 99.5-99.99%.
10. The copper alloy and alloy steel work piece of claim 9, wherein the alloy steel work piece comprises 45# steel, 304 stainless steel, 316 stainless steel, 25Cr2Ni4MoV, 00Cr17Ni14Mo2, 28 crmoiv.
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