CN116458551B - 一种稳定化牛油乳液的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种稳定化牛油乳液的制备方法,将大豆膳食纤维制成悬浮液,加入到液态牛油中,利用多级欧姆加热技术和多级高速均质乳化技术制备稳定化牛油乳液;本发明使用大豆膳食纤维作为稳定剂,提高大豆副产物的利用率,满足可持续发展的要求;利用大豆膳食纤维和牛油制备稳定化牛油乳液,克服了牛油常温下为固态的弊端,提高牛油使用的多样性;牛油乳液可以替代30%的脂肪,不仅较好地模拟脂肪的性质和口感,还能够提高乳化性和乳化稳定性,在保证其功能特性的同时减少脂肪摄入,拓宽其在食品领域的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种脂肪替代物的制备方法,具体涉及一种稳定化牛油乳液的制备方法。
背景技术
随着现代生活水平的提高,人们对生活质量的要求也逐渐上升。脂肪作为食品中重要的营养成分,不仅能够提供人体必需脂肪酸,它还是脂溶性维生素和风味物质的重要载体,并且它能给食品提供滑润的口感和特殊的风味。但最新版《中国居民膳食指南》要求日常饮食应当减少脂肪的摄入,更有专家指出,高脂肪食物摄入过多,还会促发乳腺癌、结肠癌、直肠癌和胰腺癌等。研究表明脂肪替代物在食品中的应用可以有效降低脂肪的摄入,且能预防高脂膳食所引起的一系列疾病,弥补脂肪的减少给食品所带来的口味上的损失。但现有的脂肪替代物存在很多问题:蛋白基的脂肪替代物容易高温变性,失去模拟脂肪的作用,还会与风味成分发生化学反应,降低或使风味成分丧失;碳水化合物基的脂肪替代物摄入过多可能会促进人体衰老。
牛油作为动物油有着植物油无法取代的特殊香味,同时牛油中富含维生素A和维生素E等脂溶性维生素,不仅能够促进人体新陈代谢,还能够延缓衰老,预防癌症的发生。牛油因其独特的风味,在烘焙食品中常被用作起酥剂,在餐饮方中大多用来做火锅底料。但由于其熔点较高,碳链较短,结晶颗粒粗大,限制了其在食品加工行业的实际应用。除此之外,牛油常温下以固态形式存在,在食品加工使用过程中通常先将其熔化才能更好地在食品中应用,而目前主要是通过高温加热的方式将固态牛油熔化后再加以利用,在生产加工过程中步骤更加繁琐,市场化应用存在局限性。
根据上述可知,现有技术主要的缺陷在于:脂肪的过量摄入对人体的生命健康造成威胁,尤其动物油中饱和脂肪酸含量高,摄入过多容易引起心脑血管疾病。虽然已有多种脂肪替代物出现,但也会存在高温状态下不稳定失去模拟脂肪的效果、甚至会对人体产生副作用等问题。牛油作为营养丰富的油脂常温下为固态,后续加工步骤更为繁琐,导致市场化推广存在滞后性。
发明内容
针对现有脂肪替代物存在局限性,牛油常温下为固态且应用范围窄的问题。本发明利用大豆膳食纤维作为分散剂和乳化剂,制备一种新型的稳定化牛油乳液,提高其功能特性的同时,使其常温下为液态,并且降低脂肪的含量,为牛油的广泛应用拓宽市场。
本发明将大豆膳食纤维制成悬浮液,加入到液态牛油中,利用多级欧姆加热技术和多级高速均质乳化技术制备稳定化牛油乳液。欧姆加热替代普通加热的优势在于它能够快速升温,使大豆膳食纤维在低温下分散均匀,实现使用效果最大化,提高乳液稳定性,并且在较低温度下更有利于保持牛油乳液的风味。高速均质乳化技术在水中快速混合大豆膳食纤维,形成均匀的混合物,并且制备的乳液平均液滴尺寸小,所形成的乳液更加稳定。将上述两种技术有机结合,不仅能够提高牛油乳液在液态条件下的稳定性,还能保持牛油的风味。通过性质测定发现,稳定化牛油乳液既能模拟脂肪的性质和口感,且常温下可以保持液态,还能提高乳化性和乳化稳定性,与此同时能够替代30%的脂肪,进而减少食品中脂肪的摄入。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种稳定化牛油乳液的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)悬浮液的制备
将大豆膳食纤维加入到去离子水中,进行高速均质同时进行欧姆加热,制得大豆膳食纤维悬浮液;
大豆膳食纤维与去离子水的质量体积比为1.5:15~27,g/mL;
具体的,高速均质机的工作参数为:转速5000~10000rpm,时间1~8min;欧姆加热设备的工作参数为:电场强度60~80V/cm,温度30~50℃;优选高速均质+欧姆加热的操作重复两次,两次间隔时间10~20min;
(2)粗乳液的制备
取固态牛油,置于欧姆加热设备中熔化,得到液态牛油;在步骤(1)所得大豆膳食纤维悬浮液中加入液态牛油,经超声波细胞粉碎机处理,得到粗乳液;
具体的,固态牛油熔化的条件为:将固态牛油置于欧姆加热设备中30s,参数设置为电场强度100V/cm,温度60℃;
液态牛油与大豆膳食纤维悬浮液的体积比为5:5~1:9;
具体的,超声波细胞粉碎机的变幅杆为6,功率为200~800W,工作2s,停歇2s,工作总时间2~5min,重复处理两次,两次间隔时间10~20min;
(3)稳定化牛油乳液的制备
将步骤(2)所得粗乳液进行高速均质同时进行欧姆加热,得到稳定化牛油乳液;
具体的,高速均质机的工作参数为:转速8000~15000rpm,时间1~5min;欧姆加热设备的工作参数为:电场强度80~120V/cm,温度45~65℃;优选高速均质+欧姆加热的操作重复两次,两次间隔时间10~20min。
本发明针对高脂食品摄入影响人体健康,现有脂肪替代物存在局限性等问题。结合欧姆加热技术和高速乳化技术制备一种新型稳定化牛油乳液,有效克服了现有脂肪替代物高温条件下乳化性和稳定性差,并且牛油常温下为固态的缺陷。
本发明将大豆膳食纤维加入到液态牛油中,通过多级欧姆加热技术和多级高速均质乳化技术制备得到稳定化牛油乳液。然后分别测定其粒径大小,乳化性和乳化稳定性等指标评价其功能特性。研究表明粒径介于0.05μm~10μm之间时,可以更好地模拟脂肪的性质和口感,并且粒径过大、过小均会降低脂肪模拟性。乳化性和乳化稳定性反映了牛油乳液的乳化能力和稳定性,数值越大,效果越好。通过粒径、乳化性和乳化稳定性等评价指标找出最优条件下的制备的稳定化牛油乳液,拓宽牛油的应用领域范围。
本发明的有益效果在于:
通过大豆膳食纤维、去离子水和牛油制备稳定化牛油乳液,有以下优点:
(1)使用大豆膳食纤维作为稳定剂,提高大豆副产物的利用率,满足可持续发展的要求;
(2)利用大豆膳食纤维和牛油制备稳定化牛油乳液,克服了牛油常温下为固态的弊端,提高牛油使用的多样性;
(3)牛油乳液可以替代30%的脂肪,不仅较好地模拟脂肪的性质和口感,还能够提高乳化性和乳化稳定性,在保证其功能特性的同时减少脂肪摄入,拓宽其在食品领域的应用。
附图说明
图1:稳定化牛油乳液的制备工艺流程图。
图2:4℃冷藏24小时后不同油水比的稳定化牛油乳液外观图。
图3:4℃冷藏48小时后不同油水比的稳定化牛油乳液外观图。
图4:稳定化牛油乳液的平均粒径。
图5:稳定化牛油乳液的乳化性(EAI)和乳化稳定性(ESI)。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例进一步描述本发明,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此。
以下实施例中用到的大豆膳食纤维购自河南万邦实业有限公司,净含量1000g,食品级;固态牛油为精炼牛油,购自重庆市帅克食品有限公司,净含量2.5kg。
实施例1
1.悬浮液的制备
各取1.5g大豆膳食纤维置于50ml烧杯中,分别加入15ml、18ml、21ml、24ml、27ml去离子水,通过高速均质机,转速8000r/min,时间2min。在此过程中引入欧姆加热技术,参数分别为电场强度60V/cm,温度45℃,重复两次,制备得到分散均匀的悬浮液,备用。
2.固态牛油的熔化
取60g固态牛油于烧杯中,置于欧姆加热设备中30s,参数分别为电场强度100V/cm,温度60℃,受热均匀、时间短,得到液态牛油,备用。
3.粗乳液的制备
在上述得到的悬浮液中分别加入15ml、12ml、9ml、6ml、3ml液态牛油,置于变幅杆为6,温度为60℃,功率为600W的超声波细胞粉碎机中,工作2s,停歇2s,工作总时间3min,重复两次,得到粗乳液。
4.稳定化牛油乳液的制备
将上述得到的粗乳液分别通过高速均质机,转速为14000rpm,时间3min,并且在高速均质乳化的整个过程中进行欧姆加热,具体参数为:电场强度100V/cm,温度60℃,重复两次,得到稳定化牛油乳液,整个制备工艺流程如附图1所示。
5.性能测试
(1)粒径的测定
使用马尔文激光粒度仪对不同油水比的样品进行平均粒度测定。
(2)乳化性(EAI)的测定
取适量样品溶于水,取稀释后的乳状液加入到质量分数为0.1%的SDS溶液中摇匀,于波长500nm下测吸光度(A0),得到牛油乳液的乳化性ESI=A0。
(3)乳化稳定性(ESI)的测定
在乳化性测定10min后再按照同样的方法对样品的吸光度进行第2次测定(A10),ESI=A0/(A0-A10),此测定结果为乳化稳定性。
性能测试结果如下:
通过不同油水比制备的稳定化牛油乳液,在4℃冷藏放置24小时后,油水比为3:7,2:8,1:9的牛油乳液仍保持液态,而油水比为5:5,4:6的牛油乳液从液态变为固态,如附图2所示;而经过4℃冷藏48小时后,油水比为2:8,1:9的牛油乳液出现分层现象,如附图3所示。
通过马尔文激光粒度仪测定不同油水比条件下稳定化牛油乳液的粒径大小,如附图4所示,结果表明在油水比为1:9、2:8、3:7的条件下,平均粒径均低于2.5μm,稳定化牛油乳液可以较好地模拟脂肪的性质和口感。而考虑到稳定化牛油乳液的稳定性和脂肪的替代度,在油水比为3:7的状态下,乳液不仅没有分层析出,还能够替代30%的脂肪。
通过紫外分光光度计在波长500nm处测定不同油水比条件下稳定化牛油乳液的乳化性和乳化稳定性,反映了形成乳化液的能力和维持稳定乳化性的能力。结果显示,在油水比2:8和3:7的状态下,乳化稳定性均呈现较高的水平;而油水比在3:7条件下乳化性明显提高,如附图5所示。
Claims (5)
1.一种稳定化牛油乳液的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)悬浮液的制备
将大豆膳食纤维加入到去离子水中,进行高速均质同时进行欧姆加热,制得大豆膳食纤维悬浮液;
大豆膳食纤维与去离子水的质量体积比为1.5:15~27,g/mL;
高速均质机的工作参数为:转速5000~10000rpm,时间1~8min;欧姆加热设备的工作参数为:电场强度60~80V/cm,温度30~50℃;
(2)粗乳液的制备
取固态牛油,置于欧姆加热设备中熔化,得到液态牛油;在步骤(1)所得大豆膳食纤维悬浮液中加入液态牛油,油水比为3:7~1:9,经超声波细胞粉碎机处理,得到粗乳液;
超声波细胞粉碎机的变幅杆为6,功率为200~800W,工作2s,停歇2s,工作总时间2~5min;
(3)稳定化牛油乳液的制备
将步骤(2)所得粗乳液进行高速均质同时进行欧姆加热,得到稳定化牛油乳液;
高速均质机的工作参数为:转速8000~15000rpm,时间1~5min;欧姆加热设备的工作参数为:电场强度80~120V/cm,温度45~65℃。
2.如权利要求1所述的稳定化牛油乳液的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,高速均质+欧姆加热的操作重复两次,两次间隔时间10~20min。
3.如权利要求1所述的稳定化牛油乳液的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,固态牛油熔化的条件为:将固态牛油置于欧姆加热设备中30s,参数设置为电场强度100V/cm,温度60℃。
4.如权利要求1所述的稳定化牛油乳液的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,超声波细胞粉碎重复处理两次,两次间隔时间10~20min。
5.如权利要求1所述的稳定化牛油乳液的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,高速均质+欧姆加热的操作重复两次,两次间隔时间10~20min。
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