CN116457171A - 施加物质的设备及其使用 - Google Patents

施加物质的设备及其使用 Download PDF

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CN116457171A
CN116457171A CN202180074103.0A CN202180074103A CN116457171A CN 116457171 A CN116457171 A CN 116457171A CN 202180074103 A CN202180074103 A CN 202180074103A CN 116457171 A CN116457171 A CN 116457171A
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application
mixing
application device
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heating
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J·施韦默尔
M·贝尔茨纳
A·普赖尔
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Stadler AG
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JS Staedtler GmbH and Co KG
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    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C17/00—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces
    • B05C17/005—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes
    • B05C17/00553—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes with means allowing the stock of material to consist of at least two different components
    • B05C17/00566—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes with means allowing the stock of material to consist of at least two different components with a dynamic mixer in the nozzle
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
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    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/30—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by applying the material on to a core or other moulding surface to form a layer thereon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/88—Adding charges, i.e. additives
    • B29B7/90—Fillers or reinforcements, e.g. fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/362—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using static mixing devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/363—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using non-actuated dynamic mixing devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
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    • B01F35/90—Heating or cooling systems
    • B01F2035/99—Heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
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    • B01F2101/2805—Mixing plastics, polymer material ingredients, monomers or oligomers
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    • B05C11/00—Component parts, details or accessories not specifically provided for in groups B05C1/00 - B05C9/00
    • B05C11/10—Storage, supply or control of liquid or other fluent material; Recovery of excess liquid or other fluent material
    • B05C11/1042—Storage, supply or control of liquid or other fluent material; Recovery of excess liquid or other fluent material provided with means for heating or cooling the liquid or other fluent material in the supplying means upstream of the applying apparatus
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    • B05C17/00553—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes with means allowing the stock of material to consist of at least two different components
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Abstract

一种用于糊状和/或能流动材料的施加设备，至少包括壳体，该壳体带有用于材料的供应区域和至少一个用于材料的排出区域，其特征在于，在用于材料的供应区域和用于材料的排出区域之间形成至少一个混合区域；并且所述至少一个混合区域形成至少一个混合装置。

Description

施加物质的设备及其使用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种施加能流动和/或糊状物质的设备及其使用。
背景技术
用于施加能流动和/或糊状物质的设备原则上是已知的。同样，具有这种设备的机器也是已知的。
用于加工粘土以生产模型的机器是已知的，例如在汽车研发中。因此，DE29720892U1和DE 102016109816A1显示和描述了制备/加热粘土并将能流动/糊状的粘土在加热后的管中输送到施加地点的机器。
粘土在所示的机器中被加热和输送，以便最终在加热的输送管中被输送到施加喷嘴，以便从该施加喷嘴中被挤压出去。
在这里已经被证明有缺点的是，粘土以非均质/脱混的方式从施加喷嘴中输出，这将导致不期望的质量改变和不可接受的表面效果，因为被加载压力/被输送的粘土的各个组分在输送路径上发生脱混。这种脱混通常也被称为颗粒的迁移和/或相分离。
此外，在塑料工业中，已知带有集成混合插件的施加喷嘴，以混合两种流体组分。这些施加设备具有两个用于提供组分的供给装置，它们在加工地点相互混合，其中，形成的尤其液态的混合物交联并在模具中固化。例如由WO 2013/127534 A1公开了这一点。这里的缺点是，这些设备不适合加工糊状物质，如工业粘土，因为这种类型的物质不能在室温下以这种方式加工。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种施加物质或团块(Massen)的设备，它不具有上述缺点，并且特别是在加工/施加现场提供高/均匀质量的工业粘土。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种设备，其设计为使得能够在汽车工业/汽车研发的设计过程中使用高质量的工业粘土。
所述目的通过权利要求1、6和7中包括的特征实现。
本发明解决方案的有利配置和拓展方案包括在其他权利要求中。
出人意料地表明，通过集成在施加设备中的混合装置，可以保证工业粘土的各组分在施加现场均匀混合。该混合装置可以作为静态和/或动态混合器存在。
此外，事实证明，将加热装置集成到施加设备中是有利的，这样就可以在施加现场保证工业粘土的最佳加工温度。
在本案例中，加工/施加温度为60℃至80℃。可能的加热装置的例子是电加热器、电阻加热器、带式加热体、硅加热垫和/或筒状加热器。
为了更好地理解本发明，举例说明按照现有技术的工业粘土的配方，其可以用按照本发明的施加设备或具有这种设备的机器加工。
配方示例-工业粘土(现有技术)
31％(重量百分比)的石蜡和微蜡
5％(重量百分比)的白油
47％(重量百分比)的填料
15％(重量百分比)的轻质填料
2％(重量百分比)的颜料
从该例子中可以看出，该配方具有液态/蜡状组分(油和蜡)和固态组分(填料、颜料)。在许多按照现有技术的已知粘土配方中，固态组分的比例在61％至70％(重量百分比)之间，液态和/或糊状组分的比例在30％至39％(重量百分比)之间。
粘土的各成分在输送之前在未热处理的基本状态下是均匀混合的，但是在施加机器的加工过程中，它们会因为输送时施加的压力和加热的输送管的长度而脱混。由此会产生非常明显并且可被感知的条纹/大理石效应，这是由于所施加的粘土块表面上的组分脱混造成的，其缺点已被提及。
由于产生的剪切力，在粘土表面和接近表面的区域上，条纹/大理石的效应特别明显，因为移动/输送的粘土在输送管的内表面处由于摩擦力而减慢。
附图说明
图1和图2示出脱混效应；
图3和图4示出本发明的施加设备。
具体实施方式
图1和图2用于说明脱混效应。在此，图1示出圆棒的横截面，描述的是圆棒在离开排出喷嘴时的情况，而图2示出通过圆棒中心轴的横截面。可以看到阴影/黑色渐变，它们表示组分脱混。这种基于剪切力的效应随着供应管的输送长度和供应管中输送压力的增加以及引入的加热温度而变得更加强烈。
已经证明，施加设备具有混合装置和加热元件是特别有利的。这种组合确保了在任何时候，粘土都处于施用地点的最佳温度，并被均匀地混合。此外，已经表明，加工后的粘土表面的颜色特征和结构在其整个表面上是均匀的，并且在质量上可以被认为是高质量的。
现在将借助于图3和图4更详细地阐述本发明的施加设备。
图3示出本发明的施加设备1的一个实施例的横截面，其基本上包括壳体部分10和集成/布置在壳体部分10中的混合装置16。本实施例中的混合装置16被构造为带有静态混合器的混合装置16。
壳体部分10在一端具有材料供应区域/供应区域13并且在另一端具有排出区域11，其中在供应区域13中形成有用于连接到加热的供应管/输送管24的装置。在排出区域11处安装有排出喷嘴12，在本实施例中，该排出喷嘴具有间隙形开口，但它也可以是圆形或其他几何形状的开口。
在供应区域13和排出区域11之间形成所谓的混合区域15，在该混合区域中集成/形成有混合装置16。该混合装置16是具有固定不动的混合杆17的静态混合器，其中在本实施例中，混合区域15被分为8个混合序列171，其中序列171的混合方向为顺时针方向和逆时针方向交替进行，以确保糊状和/或能流动的材料因方向的变化而得到最佳的彻底混合。
为了使施加设备1中的工业粘土3例如在具有大接触面的混合区域15中不会变冷或冷却，并使其恢复到或保持在最佳加工温度，在供应区域和排出区域(13和12)之间形成有加热装置18。在本实施例中，加热装置18构造为电阻加热器。在此，已经表明，由加热器18加热的区域181至少部分地与混合区域15相交是有利的。
施加设备的把手区域19绝缘地构成，以便使用户免受加热装置18产生的热。
作为静态混合器的替代混合装置，也可以提供具有至少一个可被驱动旋转的混合轴的动态混合器。通过使用动态混合器，可以降低混合管处的输送压力，这样又可以减少被输送的粘土的组分的脱混。
根据本发明的权利要求1的施加设备用于在汽车研发中制造设计模型，其中该施加设备构造为施加机器的一部分，其中该施加设备作为手持设备存在。
此外，根据本发明的权利要求1的施加设备被用于在汽车研发中制造设计模型，其中该施加设备构造为施加机器的一部分，其中该施加机器构造为全自动的施加系统。
图4中示出用于加热和施加塑料块3的施加机器2。该机器2具有至少一个可加热的输送站21以及用于能够被加工的塑料块3的提取站23，所述输送站具有填充口25和输送单元/输送站21。被加热的输送管24连接到所述提取站23，其中本发明的施加设备1连接到该输送管24的末端。
原则上，施加机器2对应于现有技术的设备，该设备例如从DE 29720892U1和DE102016109816 A1中已知。
用于糊状和/或能流动材料的施加设备至少包括具有用于材料的供应区域和至少一个用于材料的排出区域的壳体，其中在用于材料的供应区域和用于材料的排出区域之间构造有至少一个混合区域，其中该至少一个混合区域被构造为至少一个混合装置。
在供应区域和排出区域之间构造有至少一个加热装置，其中，通过该至少一个加热装置形成加热区域。
所述至少一个混合装置被构造为至少一个静态混合器和/或至少一个动态混合器，其中，该至少一个静态混合器具有至少一个带有至少一个混合序列的混合杆。
在此，加热器的加热区域和所述混合区域至少部分相交地存在或形成。
如上所述的施加设备被用来在汽车研发中制造设计模型，其中该施加设备被构造为施加机器的一部分，并且施加设备被构造为手持设备。
此外，上述施加设备被用来在汽车研发中制造设计模型，其中该施加设备被构造为施加机器的一部分，并且施加机器被构造为全自动施加系统。
附图标记列表：
1施加设备
10壳体部分
11排出区域
12排出喷嘴
13供应区域
14管接头
15混合区域
16混合装置
17混合轴/混合杆
171混合序列
18加热装置
181加热区域
19把手区域/操纵区域
2施加机器
21输送站
23提取站
24输送管
25填充口
3塑料块/工业粘土。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于糊状和/或能流动材料的施加设备，其至少包括壳体，该壳体带有用于材料的供应区域和至少一个用于材料的排出区域，其特征在于，
在用于材料的供应区域和用于材料的排出区域之间形成至少一个混合区域；并且
所述至少一个混合区域形成至少一个混合装置。
2.如权利要求1所述的施加设备，其特征在于，
在供应区域和排出区域之间形成至少一个加热装置；并且
通过所述至少一个加热装置形成加热区域。
3.如权利要求1所述的施加设备，其特征在于，
所述至少一个混合装置构造为至少一个静态混合器和/或至少一个动态混合器。
4.如权利要求3所述的施加设备，其特征在于，
所述至少一个静态混合器具有至少一个混合杆，该混合杆带有至少一个混合序列。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的施加设备，其特征在于，
加热器的加热区域和所述混合区域至少部分相交地存在或形成。
6.一种如权利要求1所述的施加设备在汽车研发中用于制造设计模型的用途，
其中，所述施加设备构造为施加机器的一部分；并且
其中，所述施加设备构造为手持设备。
7.一种如权利要求1所述的施加设备在汽车研发中用于制造设计模型的用途，
其中，所述施加设备构造为施加机器的一部分；并且
其中，所述施加机器构造为全自动的施加系统。
CN202180074103.0A 2020-10-29 2021-10-22 施加物质的设备及其使用 Pending CN116457171A (zh)

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