CN116454719A - High-precision laser frequency stabilization method and device based on working temperature sectional setting - Google Patents
High-precision laser frequency stabilization method and device based on working temperature sectional setting Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/102—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation
- H01S3/1028—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation by controlling the temperature
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/13—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
- H01S3/131—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation
- H01S3/1317—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation by controlling the temperature
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/13—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
- H01S3/136—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude by controlling devices placed within the cavity
- H01S3/137—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude by controlling devices placed within the cavity for stabilising of frequency
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-precision laser frequency stabilization method and device based on working temperature sectional setting. Relates to the field of laser interferometry. The invention provides a method for setting working temperature in a sectionalized way, which is characterized in that an ambient temperature interval is divided, a target preheating temperature point is selected, and the sectionalized preheating and frequency stabilization are carried out, so that a laser can rapidly and accurately work at the target preheating temperature. The effective frequency stabilization environment temperature range of the invention is between minus 20 ℃ and 40 ℃, and the relative accuracy of laser frequency stabilization reaches 1.0x10 ‑8 The problem that the laser cannot work normally due to the fact that an effective heat balance state cannot be established due to the fact that the environment temperature is too low or too high under the traditional fixed preheating temperature scheme can be solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser application, and particularly relates to a high-precision laser frequency stabilization method and device based on working temperature segmentation setting.
Background
As the use of laser interferometers has increased, the measurement environment has also increased in complexity. Absolute gravity measurement technology with laser interferometry as a core has become a hot spot for application and research in the fields of resource exploration, environmental monitoring, earth crust motion detection and the like. For example, a laser interferometer is used as a reference for measuring the length of an absolute gravimeter, and the temperature range can reach-20-40 ℃ in the field environment outside a laboratory. However, the laser equipped with the existing laser interferometer generally cannot maintain high frequency accuracy and even cannot work normally under the above environment, and seriously affects the accuracy and stability of the measurement result, which is a problem to be solved.
The research of the laser frequency stabilization technology comprises the aspects of laser frequency stabilization reference standard, high anti-interference method of a frequency stabilization laser, laser frequency stabilization control process and the like. The reference stability of laser wavelength directly influences the accuracy of displacement measurement results, and the existing laser frequency stabilization technology mainly comprises a lamb concave laser frequency stabilization technology, a Zeeman laser frequency stabilization technology, a double longitudinal mode laser frequency stabilization technology and a saturated absorption laser frequency stabilization technology. The lamb recess frequency stabilization method utilizes the power characteristic of 'lamb recess' to perform laser frequency stabilization control, but the laser can only be used for single-frequency lasers generally and cannot be directly applied to a laser interferometry system. The output power and the frequency of the Zeeman frequency-stabilized laser do not need low-frequency modulation, have stronger anti-interference capability, can be used for precise measurement in industry, but have the problems of large volume, less variety of applicable laser systems, relatively low output power of the system and the like. For saturated absorption frequency-stabilized laser, taking iodine frequency-stabilized laser as an example, the application is mainly concentrated in a metering standard mechanism, the absorption peak can be locked after 2-3 hours of preheating, and the frequency accuracy is as high as 2.5X10 -11 The internal piezoelectric ceramic device is sensitive to vibration, is generally applied to a temperature control environment with special vibration isolation, and has poor anti-interference performance in a wide temperature range environment. For a dual longitudinal mode laser, the dual longitudinal mode laser frequency stabilization technique isAccording to the longitudinal mode power characteristic, the frequency stabilization control is carried out by taking the power difference zero point of the two longitudinal mode components as a reference, and the linear polarization characteristic of the output light is very good.
For the high anti-interference method of the frequency stabilized laser, the method is a process of continuously adjusting the length of the resonant cavity to maintain the stability of the optical length of the resonant cavity. The university of Harbin industry proposes a method for stabilizing the frequency of a dual longitudinal mode laser based on a thermoelectric cooler (patent 200610010146: method and device for stabilizing the frequency of a dual longitudinal mode laser based on a thermoelectric cooler). The method uses the thermoelectric cooler as an executive component to change the cavity length of the resonant cavity of the laser by controlling the current of the thermoelectric cooler, but because the method only controls the temperature of one side of the laser tube, the laser tube is heated unevenly, and the frequency stabilizing effect under extreme temperature is difficult to meet the requirement. In 2017, hu Pengcheng et al developed and designed a dual longitudinal mode laser interlocking device based on heat stable frequency and sound-light frequency shift (chinese patent CN 201410308324.1), and adopted the sound-light frequency shift technology to lock the output laser frequency of multiple dual longitudinal mode lasers based on heat stable frequency on the output laser frequency of the same reference dual longitudinal mode frequency stable laser, so that all lasers output lasers with uniform frequency values, but the method can have the problem that the laser lumen length change cannot be accurately judged in the frequency stable control process, resulting in frequency stable control errors. Harbin university of industry Yan Ziqi (Yan Ziqi. Dual-frequency separation type frequency stabilized laser research based on Integrated Water-cooled noise reduction [ D ]]University of Harbin industry, 2018) et al design a water-cooled frequency stabilized laser with high power and high frequency stability, with high power, meeting the requirement of multi-axis high-precision measurement, and frequency stability reaching 1.68X10 -9 An optical power of 67% of the total power can be obtained. However, the water-cooled laser needs to be provided with a constant-temperature water tank, and the application limit of the water-cooled laser is also limited in the field extreme temperature environment.
In the research method of the laser frequency stabilization control process, the controlled object has the characteristics of large inertia, pure delay and nonlinearity, and has great difficulty for the implementation of a control algorithm. A new preheating control method for a Zeeman frequency-stabilized laser based on preheating temperature track planning and track tracking is provided by the national university of Harbin industry Hu Pengcheng (Hu Pengcheng, tan Jiubin, lei, by applying a Predictive Function Control (PFC) algorithm, rolling optimization and feedback correction of predictive output, the temperature of a resonant cavity of the laser accurately tracks and plans the track to rise until approaching a preset temperature threshold, preheating and laser frequency locking can be completed within 16min, the locking temperature change range under different environment temperatures is 0.4 ℃, but the effective temperature range of the method is only 15-25 ℃, and the field temperature environment requirements are not met. In recent years, a MPC, PFC, smith-PI predictive control algorithm is applied to frequency stabilization control, and certain advantages are presented in the aspects of frequency stabilization speed, interference resistance and the like. For the temperature control problem of a wide temperature range of-20-40 ℃, a reasonable predictive control algorithm needs to be designed, and the preheating target temperature of the laser tube is reasonably set.
In summary, for the problem of laser frequency stabilization in a wide temperature range, the influence caused by multiple factors such as a laser frequency stabilization reference standard, a high anti-interference method of a frequency stabilization laser, a laser frequency stabilization control process and the like needs to be considered. At present, the limitation of the use temperature of the laser interferometer greatly restricts the working environment of the device, so that the high-frequency accuracy frequency stabilization technology under the wide temperature range condition of-20 to 40 ℃ is important for the development application and development field of the laser interferometer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a high-precision laser frequency stabilization method and device based on working temperature segmentation setting.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme that the invention provides a high-precision laser frequency stabilization device based on working temperature sectional setting, which comprises a laser power supply 1, a laser tube 2, a frequency stabilization light path and a frequency stabilization circuit; the laser power supply 1 is connected with the laser tube 2 to supply electric energy, the frequency stabilization light path comprises a depolarization beam splitter prism 3, an optical isolator 4 and a polarization beam splitter prism 5, the frequency stabilization circuit comprises a balanced photoelectric detector 6, an A/D converter 7, a D/A converter 8, a thin film heater 9, a temperature sensor 10, an ambient temperature sensor 11 and a microprocessor 12, and the thin film heater 9 is used as a heat conduction device of the laser tube 2; a light hole is formed in one end of the laser tube 2, and the direction of the light hole of the laser tube 2 is required to be sequentially connected with the depolarization beam splitter prism 3 and the optical isolator 4; the depolarization beam splitter prism 3, the polarization beam splitter prism 5, the balance photoelectric detector 6, the A/D converter 7 and the microprocessor 12 are sequentially connected in a unidirectional manner, the microprocessor 12, the D/A converter 8 and the thin film heater 9 are sequentially connected in a unidirectional manner, the temperature sensor 10 is arranged on the laser cavity structure, the environment temperature sensor 11 is arranged on the outer wall of the laser, and the temperature sensor 10 and the environment temperature sensor 11 are both connected with the microprocessor 12.
Further, the laser power supply 1 is configured to provide electrical energy to the laser tube 2;
the laser tube 2 is a dual longitudinal mode He-Ne laser and is used for outputting dual longitudinal mode laser to the depolarization beam splitter prism 3;
the depolarization beam splitter prism 3 is used for reflecting and refracting double longitudinal mode laser, wherein a part of laser is reflected to the polarization beam splitter prism 5 for laser frequency stabilization control;
the optical isolator 4 is used for isolating laser reflected by the optical fiber echo and preventing the return light from generating adverse effects on the laser light source and the optical path system;
the polarization beam splitter prism 5 is used for separating the double longitudinal mode reflected light into two single-mode lasers with mutually perpendicular polarization directions;
the balanced photodetector 6 is configured to obtain a difference between the horizontal polarized light signal and the vertical polarized light signal, remove common mode noise of the two signals, and convert and output an analog electrical signal of an optical power difference between the horizontal polarized light and the vertical polarized light;
the a/D converter 7 is configured to convert the optical power difference analog signal into a digital signal, and output the digital signal to the port of the microprocessor 12;
the D/a converter 8 is configured to convert a temperature control digital signal output by the microprocessor 12 into an analog signal, and transmit the analog signal to the thin film heater 9 for frequency stabilization control;
the thin film heater 9 is used for outputting a driving signal and controlling the temperature of the laser tube 2 through the heat conduction structure;
the temperature sensor 10 is arranged in the thin film heater 9 and is used for reading the temperature of the laser tube 2 in real time, and the temperature signal of the laser tube 2 is transmitted to the microprocessor 12;
the environmental temperature sensor 11 is used for reading external environmental temperature data, is arranged on the outer wall of the laser, and transmits an environmental temperature signal to the microprocessor 12;
the microprocessor 12 is configured to execute operation and program running of the wide temperature range environment adaptive laser frequency stabilization algorithm set by the working temperature section, and is configured to read temperature data of the temperature sensor 10 and the environment temperature sensor 11.
Further, the temperature sensor 10 and the ambient temperature sensor 11 are both high-precision sensors; the effective working temperatures of the frequency stabilization light path device and the frequency stabilization circuit device meet the requirement of the ambient temperature of-20 to 40 ℃.
Further, the balanced photodetector 6 is a differential input port, can detect optical differential signals within 500MHz, has a 55dB high common mode rejection ratio, and outputs a coupling signal in an AC form.
The invention provides a high-precision laser frequency stabilization method based on working temperature segmentation setting, which is applied to the high-precision laser frequency stabilization device based on working temperature segmentation setting, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: according to the wide temperature range condition of-20-40 ℃, the stable frequency temperature range of the laser tube 2 which can be reached at different initial environment temperatures is selected, the sectional working environment temperature range which can reach the same stable frequency temperature is selected, and the preheating temperature set value T is selected in each temperature range n (n=1, 2,3, …, M) and the frequency value f of the temperature point n (n＝1，2，3，…，M)；
Step 2: opening deviceThe laser power supply 1 is started, and the ambient temperature sensor 11 collects external ambient temperature data, which is marked as T A The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The actual temperature of the laser tube 2 is acquired by a temperature sensor 10 embedded in the film heater 9 and is marked as T tube As an initial temperature value before preheating the laser tube 2;
step 3: according to a laser working temperature interval model of-20-40 ℃, the ambient temperature T can be obtained A Temperature interval in which T is located A Corresponding preheating temperature set point T n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Temperature change deltat required to change a mode according to the laser tube 2 mod To obtain the temperature set value T n The corresponding number N of mode changes;
step 4: the microprocessor 12 controls the D/A converter 8 to output an electric analog signal, the thin film heater 9 is driven to preheat the laser tube 2, the laser mode change corresponds to the power change of laser, the balanced photoelectric detector 6 detects the mode change value, and when the mode change value reaches N, the preheating stage of the laser is completed; in the frequency stabilization stage, the temperature data T in the cavity of the laser tube 2 is used for controlling the algorithm through heat frequency stabilization tube Fine tuning is carried out on the thin film heater 9 to complete the frequency stabilization control process.
Further, in step 1, the temperature interval is divided by considering the comprehensive limitation of the heating power, the thermal resistance of the heat conducting structure, the ambient temperature and the limit working temperature of the laser tube 2.
Further, the environment temperature range is divided into M stable frequency temperature intervals [ -20, x through experiments 1 ]，[x 1 ，x 2 ]，[x 2 ，x 3 ]，…，[x M-1 ，40]。
Further, the frequency stabilization accuracy of the method reaches 1.0x10 at the temperature of-20-40 DEG C -8 。
The invention provides electronic equipment, which comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor realizes the steps of the high-precision laser frequency stabilization method based on the working temperature segmentation setting when executing the computer program.
The invention provides a computer readable storage medium for storing computer instructions which when executed by a processor realize the steps of the high-precision laser frequency stabilization method based on the working temperature segmentation setting.
The invention has the main advantages and beneficial effects that:
the invention designs a high-precision laser frequency stabilization method and a device based on working temperature segmentation setting, which effectively ensures that a laser works at a preset temperature rapidly and accurately, and the frequency stabilization accuracy at-20-40 ℃ reaches 1.0x10 -8 . The invention provides a working temperature sectional setting scheme: in the preheating process under the condition of aiming at the wide temperature range of the laser tube, the frequency stabilization of the laser at the ambient temperature of-20 to 40 ℃ is realized by dividing M effective temperature intervals and selecting the preheating temperature target value of each interval. The method can effectively solve the problem of preheating the laser at extreme temperature, which is different from the prior art innovation point. The invention adopts proper optical device structure and circuit design, has the characteristic of simple device light path and circuit components, is convenient for engineering realization, can break through the temperature limit of the experimental environment of the laser, and meets the requirements of field experimental tests.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wide temperature range laser frequency stabilization device based on working temperature segmentation setting;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a laser frequency stabilization device and an iodine frequency stabilization laser beat frequency experiment device;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the preheating temperature range and the initial operating temperature of the laser;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an experimental verification of the effect of the frequency stabilizing device at different ambient temperatures.
In the figure, a laser power supply 1, a laser tube 2, a depolarization beam splitter prism 3, an optical isolator 4, a polarization beam splitter prism 5, a balanced photodetector 6, an A/D converter 7,D/A converter 8, a thin film heater 9, a temperature sensor 10, an ambient temperature sensor 11, a microprocessor 12, an iodine frequency stabilization laser 13, a reflecting mirror 14, a polarization beam splitter prism 15, a polarizer 16, a photodetector 17, a frequency meter 18 and an upper computer PC port 19.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Aiming at the defects of the existing high anti-interference performance and wide temperature range laser frequency stabilization method, the invention provides a high-precision laser frequency stabilization method and device based on working temperature sectional setting. The invention relates to the technical research field of laser interferometry and laser frequency stabilization, in particular to a wide temperature range laser frequency stabilization method based on working temperature segmentation setting. The method has the stable frequency temperature range of minus 20 to 40 ℃ and the relative stable frequency accuracy better than 1.0 multiplied by 10 -8 The problem that the laser cannot work normally due to the fact that an effective heat balance state cannot be established due to the fact that the temperature is too low or too high under the traditional scheme of fixing and preheating the laser tube can be effectively solved. The method can realize normal operation of the laser under the wide temperature range condition of-20-40 ℃, further can improve the anti-interference performance of the laser and the frequency stabilization effect of the laser under different environment temperatures, and ensures that the application range of the laser as a measurement length standard meets the wide temperature range environment in the field.
With reference to fig. 1-4, the invention provides a wide-temperature-range laser frequency stabilization device set based on working temperature segmentation, which comprises a laser power supply 1, a laser tube 2, a frequency stabilization light path and a frequency stabilization circuit; the laser power supply 1 is connected with the laser tube 2 to supply electric energy, the frequency stabilization light path comprises a depolarization beam splitter prism 3, an optical isolator 4 and a polarization beam splitter prism 5, the frequency stabilization circuit comprises a balanced photoelectric detector 6, an A/D converter 7, a D/A converter 8, a thin film heater 9, a temperature sensor 10, an ambient temperature sensor 11 and a microprocessor 12, and the thin film heater 9 is used as a heat conduction device of the laser tube 2; a light hole is formed in one end of the laser tube 2, and the direction of the light hole of the laser tube 2 is required to be sequentially connected with the depolarization beam splitter prism 3 and the optical isolator 4; the depolarization beam splitter prism 3, the polarization beam splitter prism 5, the balance photoelectric detector 6, the A/D converter 7 and the microprocessor 12 are sequentially connected in a unidirectional manner, the microprocessor 12, the D/A converter 8 and the thin film heater 9 are sequentially connected in a unidirectional manner, the temperature sensor 10 is arranged on the laser cavity structure, the environment temperature sensor 11 is arranged on the outer wall of the laser, and the temperature sensor 10 and the environment temperature sensor 11 are both connected with the microprocessor 12.
The laser power supply 1 is used for providing electric energy for the laser tube 2;
the laser tube 2 is a dual longitudinal mode He-Ne laser and is used for outputting dual longitudinal mode laser to the depolarization beam splitter prism 3;
the depolarization beam splitter prism 3 is used for reflecting and refracting double longitudinal mode laser, wherein a part of laser is reflected to the polarization beam splitter prism 5 for laser frequency stabilization control;
the optical isolator 4 is used for isolating laser reflected by the optical fiber echo and preventing the return light from generating adverse effects on the laser light source and the optical path system;
the polarization beam splitter prism 5 is used for separating the double longitudinal mode reflected light into two single-mode lasers with mutually perpendicular polarization directions;
the balanced photodetector 6 is configured to obtain a difference between the horizontal polarized light signal and the vertical polarized light signal, remove common mode noise of the two signals, and convert and output an analog electrical signal of an optical power difference between the horizontal polarized light and the vertical polarized light;
the a/D converter 7 is configured to convert the optical power difference analog signal into a digital signal, and output the digital signal to the port of the microprocessor 12;
the D/a converter 8 is configured to convert a temperature control digital signal output by the microprocessor 12 into an analog signal, and transmit the analog signal to the thin film heater 9 for frequency stabilization control;
the thin film heater 9 is used for outputting a driving signal and controlling the temperature of the laser tube 2 through the heat conduction structure;
the temperature sensor 10 is arranged in the thin film heater 9 and is used for reading the temperature of the laser tube 2 in real time, and the temperature signal of the laser tube 2 is transmitted to the microprocessor 12;
the environmental temperature sensor 11 is used for reading external environmental temperature data, is arranged on the outer wall of the laser, and transmits an environmental temperature signal to the microprocessor 12;
the microprocessor 12 is configured to execute operation and program running of the wide temperature range environment adaptive laser frequency stabilization algorithm set by the working temperature section, and is configured to read temperature data of the temperature sensor 10 and the environment temperature sensor 11.
The temperature sensor 10 and the ambient temperature sensor 11 are high-precision sensors; the effective working temperatures of the frequency stabilization light path device and the frequency stabilization circuit device meet the requirement of the ambient temperature of-20 to 40 ℃.
The balanced photodetector 6 is a differential input port, can detect optical differential signals within 500MHz, has a 55dB high common mode rejection ratio, and outputs coupled signals in an AC form.
The invention provides a high-precision laser frequency stabilization method based on working temperature sectional setting, which is applied to the high-precision laser frequency stabilization device based on working temperature sectional setting, and aims at that the temperature difference between the frequency stabilization temperature of a laser tube 2 and the environment temperature can reach 40 ℃ in a wide temperature range of-20 to 40 ℃, and the safe working temperature of the laser tube 2 is below 70 ℃ and can not reach the same frequency stabilization temperature in the wide temperature range, but can realize the same frequency stabilization temperature in a smaller temperature range, so that a working temperature sectional setting scheme is provided. The method comprises the following steps:
step 1: according to the wide temperature range condition of-20-40 ℃, the stable frequency temperature range which can be achieved by the laser tube 2 under different initial environment temperatures is selected, and a sectional working environment temperature interval which can achieve the same stable frequency temperature is selected, wherein the temperature interval is divided by considering the comprehensive limitation of heating power, thermal resistance of a heat conducting structure, environment temperature and limit working temperature of the laser tube 2; the environment temperature range is divided into M stable frequency temperature intervals [ -20, x through experiments 1 ]，[x 1 ，x 2 ]，[x 2 ，x 3 ]，…，[x M-1 ，40]. Selecting a preheating temperature set point T in each temperature interval n (n=1, 2,3, …, M) and the frequency value f of the temperature point n (n=1, 2,3, …, M); for the selection of the target preheating temperature value, the comprehensive factors of the environment temperature range, the power of the thin film heater 9 and the limit working temperature of the laser tube 2 are considered, and the division result of the stepped working temperature interval is not unique, so that the method has the characteristics of flexibility and universality;
step 2: the laser power supply 1 is started, and the ambient temperature sensor 11 collects external ambient temperature data, which is marked as T A The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The actual temperature of the laser tube 2 is acquired by a temperature sensor 10 embedded in the film heater 9 and is marked as T tube As an initial temperature value before preheating the laser tube 2;
step 3: according to a laser working temperature interval model of-20-40 ℃, the ambient temperature T can be obtained A Temperature interval in which T is located A Corresponding preheating temperature set point T n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Temperature change deltat required to change a mode according to the laser tube 2 mod To obtain the temperature set value T n The corresponding number N of mode changes;
step 4: the microprocessor 12 controls the D/A converter 8 to output an electric analog signal, the thin film heater 9 is driven to preheat the laser tube 2, the laser mode change corresponds to the power change of laser, the balanced photoelectric detector 6 detects the mode change value, and when the mode change value reaches N, the preheating stage of the laser is completed; in the frequency stabilization stage, the temperature in the cavity of the laser tube 2 is controlled according to a thermal frequency stabilization control algorithmData T tube Fine tuning is carried out on the thin film heater 9 to complete the frequency stabilization control process.
Examples
According to the schematic diagram of the high-precision laser frequency stabilization device based on the working temperature sectional setting shown in fig. 1, the working temperature sectional setting scheme can enable the laser to rapidly and accurately work at a preset temperature, so that rapid preheating and frequency stabilization are realized, and the accuracy of relative frequency stabilization at-20-40 ℃ is better than that of 1.0x10 -8 。
The laser frequency stabilization device based on the working temperature sectional setting comprises: the laser comprises a laser power supply 1, a laser tube 2, a frequency stabilization light path and a frequency stabilization circuit. The laser power supply 1 is connected with the laser tube 2 to supply electric energy, the frequency stabilization light path comprises a depolarization beam splitter prism 3, an optical isolator 4 and a polarization beam splitter prism 5, and the frequency stabilization circuit comprises a balanced photoelectric detector 6, an A/D converter 7, a D/A converter 8, a thin film heater 9, a temperature sensor 10, an ambient temperature sensor 11 and a microprocessor 12; the thin film heater 9 serves as a heat conducting means for the laser tube 2. One end of the laser tube 2 is provided with a light hole, and the direction of the light hole of the laser tube 2 is required to be sequentially connected with the depolarization beam splitter prism 3 and the optical isolator 4. The depolarization beam splitter prism 3, the polarization beam splitter prism 5, the balance photoelectric detector 6, the A/D converter 7 and the microprocessor 12 are sequentially connected in a unidirectional manner, the microprocessor 12, the D/A converter 8 and the thin film heater 9 are sequentially connected in a unidirectional manner, the temperature sensor 10 is arranged on the laser cavity structure, the environment temperature sensor 11 is arranged on the outer wall of the laser, and the temperature sensor 10 and the environment temperature sensor 11 are both connected with the microprocessor 12.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a laser frequency stabilization device and an iodine frequency stabilization laser beat frequency experimental device. According to the illustration of fig. 2, the high-precision frequency-stabilized laser output by the iodine frequency-stabilized laser 13 is reflected by the reflecting mirror 14, and is combined with the test frequency-stabilized laser output by the optical isolator 4 at the polarization splitting prism 15, then the polarization beat interference is performed by the polarizer 16, the output light is received by the photodetector 17, the output signal of the photodetector 17 is frequency-counted by the frequency meter 18, and finally the data is sent to the PC port 19 of the upper computer for data processing, so as to obtain the frequency accuracy of the tested laser.
The operation process of the high-precision laser frequency stabilization method based on the working temperature sectional setting comprises the following specific implementation steps:
(1) According to the wide temperature range condition of-20-40 ℃, the frequency stabilization temperature range which can be achieved by the laser tube 2 at different temperatures is selected, and the sectional working environment temperature interval which can achieve the same frequency stabilization temperature is selected, wherein the division of the interval needs to consider the comprehensive limitation of heating power, the thermal resistance of the heat conducting structure, the environment temperature and the limit working temperature of the laser tube 2. Dividing the temperature interval into [ -20, x 1 ]，[x 1 ，x 2 ]，[x 2 ，x 3 ]，…，[x M-1 ，40]. Selecting laser preheating temperature set point T in each temperature interval n (n=1, 2,3, …, M) and the frequency value f of the temperature point n (n＝1，2，3，…，M)。
(2) The laser power supply 1 is started, and the ambient temperature sensor 11 collects external ambient temperature data, which is marked as T A The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The actual temperature of the laser tube 2 is acquired by a temperature sensor 10 embedded in the film heater 9 and is marked as T tube As an initial temperature value before preheating of the laser tube 2.
(3) According to the working temperature interval division scheme of the laser with the temperature of between 20 ℃ below zero and 40 ℃, the environment temperature T can be obtained A Temperature interval in which T is located A Corresponding preheating temperature set point T n . Temperature change deltat required to change a mode according to the laser tube 2 mod To obtain the temperature set value T n The corresponding number of mode changes N.
(4) The microprocessor 12 controls the D/A converter 8 to output an electric analog signal, the film heater 9 is driven to preheat the laser tube 2, the laser mode change corresponds to the power change of laser, the balanced photoelectric detector 6 detects the mode change value, and when the mode change value reaches N, the preheating stage of the laser is completed. In the frequency stabilization stage, according to the temperature data T in the laser tube cavity by a thermal frequency stabilization control algorithm tube Fine tuning is carried out on the thin film heater 9 to complete the frequency stabilization control process.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the preheating temperature range and the initial operating temperature of the laser. In the temperature range of 20-30 ℃, the maximum temperature difference between the ambient temperature and the frequency stabilization temperature is 40 ℃, but for the ambient temperature above 30 ℃, the laser tube can have a high temperature of 70 ℃, the safe working temperature of the laser tube is below 70 ℃, the same frequency stabilization temperature cannot be achieved in the whole ambient temperature range of 20-40 ℃, but for the smaller temperature range, the same frequency stabilization temperature can be achieved, and the working temperature interval division and the interval preheating frequency stabilization of the laser tube can be performed based on the change relation between the frequency stabilization temperature and the ambient temperature. As shown in fig. 3, according to the method of the working temperature sectional setting, the same stable frequency temperature of 20 ℃ is set for the temperature of-20 to-5 ℃, and similarly, the stable frequency temperature target value of-5 to 5 ℃ is 35 ℃,45 ℃ is set in the interval of 5 to 15 ℃,54 ℃ is set in the interval of 15 to 30 ℃, and 66 ℃ is set in the interval of 30 to 40 ℃. The division result of the temperature interval is not unique, and the division of the stepped working temperature interval has the characteristics of flexibility and universality.
The experimental results of verifying the frequency stabilization effect under different environmental temperatures are shown in figure 4, and the temperature intervals are divided into [ -20, -5 ] according to the working temperature segmentation setting scheme]、[-5，5]、[5，15]、[15，30]、[30，40]5 intervals in total, wherein the temperature set point of each interval, namely the target frequency stabilization temperature value is 20 ℃,35 ℃,45 ℃,54 ℃ and 66 ℃ respectively; and (3) finishing the preheating process according to the scheme at different environment temperatures, and performing beat frequency experiments of the laser and the iodine frequency stabilization laser at the target temperature point, wherein F peak center frequency data results are 187.0MHz,184MHz,182.0MHz,180MHz and 177.2MHz respectively. The experiment selects a plurality of temperature points through the divided environment temperature interval, the frequency stabilization performance of the temperature section is evaluated, the experiment beat frequency time of the iodine frequency stabilization laser is more than 3 hours, and the result shows that the frequency drift of the laser in the temperature range of minus 20 ℃ to 40 ℃ is not more than 3MHz, and the frequency precision reaches 6.3 multiplied by 10 -9 。
The invention provides electronic equipment, which comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor realizes the steps of the high-precision laser frequency stabilization method based on the working temperature segmentation setting when executing the computer program.
The invention provides a computer readable storage medium for storing computer instructions which when executed by a processor realize the steps of the high-precision laser frequency stabilization method based on the working temperature segmentation setting.
The memory in embodiments of the present application may be either volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, or may include both volatile and nonvolatile memory. The nonvolatile memory may be a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Programmable ROM (PROM), an Erasable PROM (EPROM), an electrically Erasable EPROM (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be random access memory (random access memory, RAM) which acts as an external cache. By way of example, and not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as Static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct memory bus RAM (DRRAM). It should be noted that the memory of the methods described herein is intended to comprise, without being limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.
In the above embodiments, it may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the processes or functions described in accordance with embodiments of the present application are produced in whole or in part. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable apparatus. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center by a wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (digital subscriber line, DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). The computer readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. that contains an integration of one or more available media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., a high-density digital video disc (digital video disc, DVD)), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., a Solid State Disk (SSD)), or the like.
In implementation, the steps of the above method may be performed by integrated logic circuits of hardware in a processor or by instructions in the form of software. The steps of a method disclosed in connection with the embodiments of the present application may be embodied directly in a hardware processor for execution, or in a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor for execution. The software modules may be located in a random access memory, flash memory, read only memory, programmable read only memory, or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, etc. as well known in the art. The storage medium is located in a memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and, in combination with its hardware, performs the steps of the above method. To avoid repetition, a detailed description is not provided herein.
It should be noted that the processor in the embodiments of the present application may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capability. In implementation, the steps of the above method embodiments may be implemented by integrated logic circuits of hardware in a processor or instructions in software form. The processor may be a general purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, or discrete hardware components. The disclosed methods, steps, and logic blocks in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented or performed. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like. The steps of a method disclosed in connection with the embodiments of the present application may be embodied directly in hardware, in a decoded processor, or in a combination of hardware and software modules in a decoded processor. The software modules may be located in a random access memory, flash memory, read only memory, programmable read only memory, or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, etc. as well known in the art. The storage medium is located in a memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and, in combination with its hardware, performs the steps of the above method.
The high-precision laser frequency stabilization method and device based on the working temperature segmentation setting provided by the invention are described in detail, and specific examples are applied to the explanation of the principle and the implementation mode of the invention, and the explanation of the above examples is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, as those skilled in the art will have variations in the specific embodiments and application scope in accordance with the ideas of the present invention, the present description should not be construed as limiting the present invention in view of the above.
Claims (10)
1. High accuracy laser steady frequency device based on operating temperature segmentation sets up, its characterized in that: the device comprises a laser power supply (1), a laser tube (2), a frequency stabilization light path and a frequency stabilization circuit; the laser power supply (1) is connected with the laser tube (2) to provide electric energy, the frequency stabilization light path comprises a depolarization beam splitter prism (3), an optical isolator (4) and a polarization beam splitter prism (5), the frequency stabilization circuit comprises a balanced photoelectric detector (6), an A/D converter (7), a D/A converter (8), a thin film heater (9), a temperature sensor (10), an ambient temperature sensor (11) and a microprocessor (12), and the thin film heater (9) is used as a heat conduction device of the laser tube (2); one end of the laser tube (2) is provided with a light hole, and the direction of the light hole of the laser tube (2) is sequentially connected with a depolarization beam splitter prism (3) and an optical isolator (4); the novel optical fiber laser is characterized in that the depolarization beam splitter prism (3), the polarization beam splitter prism (5), the balance photoelectric detector (6), the A/D converter (7) and the microprocessor (12) are sequentially connected in a unidirectional mode, the microprocessor (12), the D/A converter (8) and the thin film heater (9) are sequentially connected in a unidirectional mode, the temperature sensor (10) is installed on a laser cavity structure, the environment temperature sensor (11) is installed on the outer wall of the laser, and the temperature sensor (10) and the environment temperature sensor (11) are connected with the microprocessor (12).
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the laser power supply (1) is used for providing electric energy for the laser tube (2);
the laser tube (2) is a dual longitudinal mode He-Ne laser and is used for outputting dual longitudinal mode laser to the depolarization beam splitter prism (3);
the depolarization beam splitter prism (3) is used for reflecting and refracting double longitudinal mode laser, wherein a part of laser is reflected to the polarization beam splitter prism (5) to perform laser frequency stabilization control;
the optical isolator (4) is used for isolating laser reflected by the optical fiber echo and preventing the return light from generating adverse effects on the laser light source and the optical path system;
the polarization beam splitter prism (5) is used for separating the double longitudinal mode reflected light into two single-mode lasers with mutually perpendicular polarization directions;
the balanced photoelectric detector (6) is used for acquiring the difference between the horizontal polarized light signal and the vertical polarized light signal, removing common mode noise of the horizontal polarized light signal and the vertical polarized light signal, converting and outputting an analog electric signal of the optical power difference value of the horizontal polarized light and the vertical polarized light;
the A/D converter (7) is used for converting the optical power difference analog signal into a digital signal and outputting the digital signal to a port of the microprocessor (12);
the D/A converter (8) is used for converting the temperature control digital signal output by the microprocessor (12) into an analog signal, and transmitting the analog signal to the thin film heater (9) for frequency stabilization control;
the film heater (9) is used for outputting a driving signal and controlling the temperature of the laser tube (2) through the heat conduction structure;
the temperature sensor (10) is arranged in the thin film heater (9) and is used for reading the temperature of the laser tube (2) in real time, and a temperature signal of the laser tube (2) is transmitted to the microprocessor (12);
the environment temperature sensor (11) is used for reading external environment temperature data, is arranged on the outer wall of the laser and transmits the environment temperature signal to the microprocessor (12);
the microprocessor (12) is used for executing operation and program running of the wide temperature range environment self-adaptive laser frequency stabilization algorithm set by working temperature segmentation and is used for reading temperature data of the temperature sensor (10) and the environment temperature sensor (11).
3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: the temperature sensor (10) and the environment temperature sensor (11) are high-precision sensors; the effective working temperatures of the frequency stabilization light path device and the frequency stabilization circuit device meet the requirement of the ambient temperature of-20 to 40 ℃.
4. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: the balanced photoelectric detector (6) is a differential input port, can detect optical differential signals within 500MHz, has 55dB high common mode rejection ratio, and outputs coupling signals in an AC form.
5. The high-precision laser frequency stabilization method based on the working temperature sectional setting is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method is applied to the laser frequency stabilization device of claim 1, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: according to the wide temperature range condition of-20-40 ℃, the laser tube (2) can reach stable frequency temperature ranges under different initial environment temperatures, a sectional working environment temperature range which can reach the same stable frequency temperature is selected, and a preheating temperature set value T is selected in each temperature range n (n=1, 2,3, …, M) and the frequency value f of the temperature point n (n＝1，2，3，…，M)；
Step 2: starting a laser power supply (1), and collecting an external ring by an ambient temperature sensor (11)Ambient temperature data, denoted T A The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The actual temperature of the laser tube (2) is acquired by a temperature sensor (10) embedded in the film heater (9) and is recorded as T tube As an initial temperature value before preheating of the laser tube (2);
step 3: according to a laser working temperature interval model of-20-40 ℃, the ambient temperature T can be obtained A Temperature interval in which T is located A Corresponding preheating temperature set point T n The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Temperature change DeltaT required for changing a mode according to the laser tube (2) mod To obtain the temperature set value T n The corresponding number N of mode changes;
step 4: the microprocessor (12) controls the D/A converter (8) to output an electric analog signal, the thin film heater (9) is driven to preheat the laser tube (2), the laser mode change corresponds to the laser power change, the balanced photoelectric detector (6) detects a mode change value, and when the mode change value reaches N, the preheating stage of the laser is completed; in the frequency stabilization stage, according to the temperature data T in the cavity of the laser tube (2) by a thermal frequency stabilization control algorithm tube Fine tuning is carried out on the thin film heater (9) to finish the frequency stabilization control process.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein: in the step 1, the temperature interval is divided by considering the comprehensive limitation of heating power, thermal resistance of a heat conducting structure, ambient temperature and limit working temperature of the laser tube (2).
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein: the environment temperature range is divided into M stable frequency temperature intervals [ -20, x through experiments 1 ]，[x 1 ，x 2 ]，[x 2 ，x 3 ]，…，[x M -1，40]。
8. The method according to claim 5, wherein: the method has the frequency stabilization accuracy of 1.0x10 at the temperature of-20-40 DEG C -8 。
9. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, characterized in that the processor implements the steps of the method of any of claims 5-8 when the computer program is executed.
10. A computer readable storage medium storing computer instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the method of any one of claims 5-8.
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