CN108614224B - Automatic calibration system and method for air chamber working temperature of CPT magnetometer - Google Patents
Automatic calibration system and method for air chamber working temperature of CPT magnetometer Download PDFInfo
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- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/032—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect
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Abstract
An automatic calibration system and method for the working temperature of an air chamber of a CPT magnetometer comprise a laser generation module, a microwave signal source, a quarter-wave plate, an atomic air chamber, an air chamber temperature control module, a data acquisition module and an upper computer. The upper computer controls the temperature of the air chamber temperature control module to change the temperature of the air chamber for many times to obtain a plurality of signal width ratios, a signal width ratio curve is obtained through fitting, the temperature corresponding to the maximum value of the signal width ratio curve is the optimal working temperature of the air chamber, and therefore automatic calibration of the working temperature of the air chamber is completed. The method for automatically calibrating the optimal working temperature of the air chamber is adopted, so that the test of the atomic air chamber and the setting of working parameters are facilitated, and the working efficiency and the performance of the whole machine are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an automatic calibration system and method for the working temperature of an air chamber of a CPT magnetometer, and belongs to the field of magnetic field measurement.
Background
The magnetic field measurement can be used in the fields of geophysical research, oil gas and mineral exploration, military national defense, medical diagnosis, geological survey, archaeological research and the like. The CPT magnetometer based on the Coherent Population Trapping (CPT) effect utilizes Zeeman splitting of atomic energy level in a magnetic field, realizes measurement of the magnetic field by detecting a transmission spectrum after the laser and atoms act, and has high accuracy and sensitivity. The atomic gas cell is an important component of the CPT magnetometer and is used for sensitive environmental magnetic fields, the signal-to-noise ratio of a CPT signal is influenced by the atomic density, and the atomic density is directly related to the temperature of the atomic gas cell, so that the selection of the proper working temperature to obtain the atomic density required by the normal work of the CPT magnetometer is very important.
Due to the limitation of the processing technology, different atomic gas chambers have different individuals, physical parameters such as gas chamber size, buffer gas pressure, buffer gas proportion and the like are different, and the optimal working temperature of the atomic gas chambers is also different. At present, for a CPT magnetometer system, a mode of manually adjusting and testing to determine the optimal working temperature of an air chamber is generally adopted before magnetic field measurement, the mode has low efficiency, multiple parameter debugging attempts are needed, and finally obtained parameters are not necessarily the optimal parameters. Therefore, there is a need for an automatic adjusting method for the optimal working temperature of the atomic gas chamber.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem of the invention is solved: the defects of the prior art are overcome, and the automatic calibration system and method for the working temperature of the air chamber of the CPT magnetometer are provided, so that the automatic calibration of the optimal working temperature of the atomic air chamber can be realized, and the working efficiency is improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an automatic calibration system for the working temperature of a gas chamber of a CPT magnetometer comprises: the device comprises a laser generation module, a microwave signal source, a quarter wave plate, an atomic gas chamber, a gas chamber temperature control module, a data acquisition module and an upper computer;
the upper computer controls a microwave signal source to provide a modulation signal for the laser generation module, the laser generation module is enabled to generate laser, the laser is converted into circularly polarized light through the quarter-wave plate and then sent into the atomic gas chamber, the upper computer controls the gas chamber temperature control module to heat the atomic gas chamber, meanwhile, the data acquisition module acquires the real-time temperature and light intensity of the atomic gas chamber to obtain a CPT signal peak curve, and further the signal amplitude-width ratio is determined; and the upper computer controls the air chamber temperature control module to change the temperature of the atomic air chamber for many times to obtain a plurality of CPT signal peak curves and a plurality of signal amplitude-to-width ratios, and determines the optimal working temperature of the atomic air chamber according to all the signal amplitude-to-width ratios to finish the automatic calibration of the air chamber working temperature for the CPT magnetometer.
The scanning range of the modulation signal is [ omega ]center-ωband,ωcenter+ωband]Wherein, ω iscenterFor the centre frequency, omega, of the modulation signal generated by the microwave signal sourcebandIn order to scan the half-range, the CPT signal peak curve represents the transmission spectrum after the interaction of the laser and the atoms, the light intensity is taken as the ordinate, the frequency of the modulation signal is taken as the abscissa, and the signal amplitude-to-width ratio refers to the ratio of the amplitude of the CPT signal peak curve to the half-width.
The laser generation module comprises a laser, a laser current source and a laser temperature control circuit, the laser current source provides constant working current for the laser, the laser temperature control circuit controls the constant working temperature of the laser, and the modulation signal is provided for the laser to enable the laser generation module to generate laser with constant power and frequency and atomic transition resonance.
The air chamber temperature control module comprises a heating sheet, a temperature sensor and a temperature controller, the upper computer controls the heating sheet to work through the temperature controller, the atomic air chamber is heated, and meanwhile, the temperature controller collects the temperature of the atomic air chamber through the temperature sensor and feeds the temperature back to the upper computer through the data collection module.
The heating plate is coated on the outer wall of the atomic air chamber, and the temperature sensor is arranged at the central position of the heating plate.
The data acquisition module comprises a photoelectric detector and a data acquisition card, the photoelectric detector measures the light intensity of laser emitted from the atomic gas chamber, the light intensity is converted into an electric signal and then provided to the upper computer through the data acquisition card, and the temperature of the atomic gas chamber is also provided to the upper computer through the data acquisition card.
The laser, the quarter-wave plate, the atom gas chamber and the photoelectric detector are positioned on the same axis.
The heating sheet adopts a double-layer flexible heating film, and the magnetic field generated by current is offset by reversely applying current.
The laser adopts a VCSEL laser, namely a vertical surface emitting semiconductor laser.
An automatic calibration method for the optimal working temperature of a CPT magnetometer air chamber comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: controlling the air chamber temperature control module through the upper computer, and further setting the initial temperature of the atomic air chamber to be T0；
Step two: adjusting the laser current source and the laser temperature control circuit to enable the laser to output laser with constant power and frequency and atomic transition resonance;
step three: the upper computer controls the microwave signal source to output the central frequency omega of the modulation signalcenterAnd scan range [ omega ]center-ωband,ωcenter+ωband]；
Step four: measuring laser emitted from an atomic gas chamber by using a photoelectric detector, converting light intensity into a voltage value, collecting and sending the voltage value to an upper computer by using a data acquisition card, judging whether a CPT signal peak curve exists in a spectrum by using the upper computer, and if the CPT signal peak does not exist, determining the central frequency omega of a microwave signal sourcecenterIncrease to ωcenter+ delta omega, iterating the process until a CPT signal peak appears, wherein the central frequency of the signal peak is the same as the central frequency of the microwave signal source;
step five: fitting by an upper computer to obtain the amplitude H and the full width at half maximum V of the CPT signal peak, and recording the numerical value of the amplitude-width ratio H/V;
step six: the temperature of the atomic gas chamber is changed for many times by the upper computer control gas chamber temperature control module, the temperature is stepped to delta T, a plurality of CPT signal peak curves and a plurality of signal width ratios are obtained, a signal width ratio curve is obtained according to all signal width ratios in a fitting mode, the temperature corresponding to the maximum value of the signal width ratio curve is the optimal working temperature of the atomic gas chamber, and therefore automatic calibration of the gas chamber working temperature of the CPT magnetometer is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that:
(1) the traditional CPT magnetometer system firstly adjusts the working temperature of the air chamber by a manual method before magnetic field measurement is carried out, and then carries out magnetic field measurement based on the adjusted parameters.
(2) By utilizing the method, the automatic adjustment of the microwave source signal and the working temperature of the atomic gas chamber is realized, the central frequency of the CPT signal and the optimal working temperature of the atomic gas chamber can be determined, so that the CPT magnetometer system works under the condition of the optimal working temperature of the atomic gas chamber, and the performance of the whole machine is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an automatic calibration system for optimal operating temperature of a gas cell according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the automatic calibration method for the optimal working temperature of the air chamber.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides an automatic calibration system for the working temperature of a gas chamber of a CPT magnetometer, comprising: the device comprises a laser generation module, a microwave signal source, a quarter wave plate, an atomic gas chamber, a gas chamber temperature control module, a data acquisition module and an upper computer;
the upper computer controls a microwave signal source to provide a modulation signal for the laser generation module, the laser generation module is enabled to generate laser, the laser is converted into circularly polarized light through the quarter-wave plate and then sent into the atomic gas chamber, the upper computer controls the gas chamber temperature control module to heat the atomic gas chamber, meanwhile, the data acquisition module acquires the real-time temperature and light intensity of the atomic gas chamber to obtain a CPT signal peak curve, and further the signal amplitude-width ratio is determined; and the upper computer controls the air chamber temperature control module to change the temperature of the atomic air chamber for many times to obtain a plurality of CPT signal peak curves and a plurality of signal amplitude-to-width ratios, and determines the optimal working temperature of the atomic air chamber according to all the signal amplitude-to-width ratios to finish the automatic calibration of the air chamber working temperature for the CPT magnetometer.
The scanning range of the modulation signal is [ omega ]center-ωband,ωcenter+ωband]Wherein, ω iscenterFor the centre frequency, omega, of the modulation signal generated by the microwave signal sourcebandIn order to scan the half-range, the CPT signal peak curve represents the transmission spectrum after the interaction of the laser and the atoms, the light intensity is taken as the ordinate, the frequency of the modulation signal is taken as the abscissa, and the signal amplitude-to-width ratio refers to the ratio of the amplitude of the CPT signal peak curve to the half-width. In a specific embodiment, the central frequency of a modulation signal of the automatic calibration system for the optimal working temperature of the atomic gas chamber is 3.417344GHz, and the modulation signal generated by the microwave signal source is injected into the laser and then frequency-scanned to obtain a CPT signal front, so that the stability and the frequency resolution of the modulation signal are key factors for determining a calibration result. In the system, the output frequency of the crystal oscillator is locked and multiplied by using the DOX551 series crystal oscillator and the PLL, so that the required modulation signal is generated.
The laser generation module comprises a laser, a laser current source and a laser temperature control circuit, the laser current source provides constant working current for the laser, the laser temperature control circuit controls the constant working temperature of the laser, and the modulation signal is provided for the laser to enable the laser generation module to generate laser with constant power and frequency and atomic transition resonance. In a specific embodiment, the VCSEL laser can respond to high-frequency modulation to generate sideband frequency laser, and the VCSEL laser is selected as a light source and interacts with atoms in the atom gas chamber after the polarization state of the VCSEL laser is adjusted by the quarter-wave plate. Rubidium atoms and buffer gas are packaged in the atom gas chamber, and an interference medium for measuring a magnetic field is provided. And then, receiving the optical signal with the magnetic field information by the photoelectric detector, and converting the optical signal into an electric signal for a data acquisition card to acquire. And the digital signals converted by the data acquisition card are input to an upper computer for information processing. The VCSEL laser, the quarter-wave plate, the atomic gas chamber and the photoelectric detector are positioned on the same axis.
The atomic gas cell needs to operate at a constant temperature because when the temperature is too low, rubidium atoms in the atomic gas cell are solid and almost adhered to the wall of the gas cell, so that few atoms are acted on the laser, and the light is totally transmitted, so that the condition of generating CPT resonance cannot be met. When the temperature is too high, the CPT resonance signal is small and difficult to observe due to the de-coherence caused by the aggravation of atomic collisions. The air chamber temperature control module comprises a heating sheet, a temperature sensor and a temperature controller, the upper computer controls the heating sheet to work through the temperature controller, the atomic air chamber is heated, and meanwhile, the temperature controller collects the temperature of the atomic air chamber through the temperature sensor and feeds the temperature back to the upper computer through the data collection module. The heating plate is coated on the outer wall of the atomic air chamber, and the temperature sensor is arranged at the central position of the heating plate. In the specific embodiment, the temperature controller of the gas chamber adopts a TC200 temperature controller of Thorlabs company, and the control precision is 0.1 ℃. The heating sheet adopts a double-layer flexible heating film, and the magnetic field generated by current is offset by reversely applying current. The temperature sensor is a thermistor PT100, and the formula of the resistance value changing along with the temperature is as follows:
Ω＝100+0.0039×T
wherein T is the temperature of the gas chamber, and the working temperature of the atomic gas chamber can be deduced reversely from the formula.
The data acquisition module comprises a photoelectric detector and a data acquisition card, the photoelectric detector measures the light intensity of laser emitted from the atomic gas chamber, the light intensity is converted into an electric signal and then is provided to the upper computer through the data acquisition card, and the temperature of the atomic gas chamber is also provided to the upper computer through the data acquisition card.
The method for automatically calibrating the optimal working temperature of the atomic gas chamber provided by the invention is characterized in that on the basis of realizing the CPT signal peaks, the working temperature of the atomic gas chamber is adjusted to obtain a plurality of CPT signal peak curves and a plurality of signal width ratios, a signal width ratio curve is obtained according to the fitting of all the signal width ratios, and the temperature corresponding to the maximum value of the signal width ratio curve is the optimal working temperature of the atomic gas chamber, so that the automatic calibration of the working temperature of the gas chamber of the CPT magnetometer is completed.
As shown in fig. 2, based on the above system, the present invention further provides an automatic calibration method for the optimal working temperature of the atomic gas chamber of the CPT magnetometer, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: controlling the air chamber temperature control module through the upper computer, and further setting the initial temperature of the atomic air chamber to be T0，T0The range of T is more than or equal to 40 DEG C0≤45℃；
Step two: adjusting the laser current source and the laser temperature control circuit to enable the laser to output laser with constant power and frequency and atomic transition resonance;
step three: the upper computer controls the microwave signal source to output the central frequency omega of the modulation signalcenterAnd scan range [ omega ]center-ωband,ωcenter+ωband]，ωcenterIn the range of 3417.334MHz ≦ ωcenter≤3417.354MHz，ωbandThe value is 50 kHz;
step four: measuring laser emitted from an atomic gas chamber by using a photoelectric detector, converting light intensity into a voltage value, collecting and sending the voltage value to an upper computer by using a data acquisition card, judging whether a CPT signal peak curve exists in a spectrum by using the upper computer, and if the CPT signal peak does not exist, determining the central frequency omega of a microwave signal sourcecenterIncrease to ωcenterThe range of + delta omega, delta omega is more than or equal to 0.1Hz and less than or equal to 10Hz, the process is iterated until a CPT signal peak appears, and the central frequency of the signal peak and the central frequency omega of the microwave signal sourcecenterThe same;
step five: fitting by an upper computer to obtain the amplitude H and the full width at half maximum V of the CPT signal peak, and recording the numerical value of the amplitude-width ratio H/V;
step six: the temperature of the atomic gas chamber is changed for many times by the upper computer control gas chamber temperature control module, the step is delta T, the range of the delta T is more than or equal to 0.1 ℃ and less than or equal to 0.5 ℃, a plurality of CPT signal peak curves and a plurality of signal width ratio ratios are obtained, a signal width ratio curve is obtained by adopting linear least square polynomial fitting according to all the signal width ratios, the temperature corresponding to the maximum value of the signal width ratio curve is the optimal working temperature of the atomic gas chamber, and therefore the automatic calibration of the gas chamber working temperature of the CPT magnetometer is completed.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and general changes and substitutions by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention has not been described in detail as is known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (1)
1. An automatic calibration method realized based on an automatic calibration system of the working temperature of an air chamber is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: controlling the air chamber temperature control module through the upper computer, and further setting the initial temperature of the atomic air chamber to be T0；T0The range of T is more than or equal to 40 DEG C0≤45℃；
Step two: adjusting a laser current source and a laser temperature control circuit to enable the laser to output laser with constant power and frequency and atomic transition resonance;
step three: the upper computer controls the microwave signal source to output the central frequency omega of the modulation signalcenterAnd scan range [ omega ]center-ωband,ωcenter+ωband]；ωcenterIn the range of
3417.334MHz≤ωcenter≤3417.354MHz，ωbandThe value is 50 kHz;
step four: measuring laser emitted from an atomic gas chamber by using a photoelectric detector, converting light intensity into a voltage value, collecting and sending the voltage value to an upper computer by using a data acquisition card, judging whether a CPT signal peak curve exists in a spectrum by using the upper computer, and if the CPT signal peak does not exist, determining the central frequency omega of a microwave signal sourcecenterIncrease to ωcenter+ delta omega, iterating the process until a CPT signal peak appears, wherein the central frequency of the signal peak is the same as the central frequency of the microwave signal source; the range of delta omega is more than or equal to 0.1Hz and less than or equal to 10 Hz;
step five: fitting by an upper computer to obtain the amplitude H and the full width at half maximum V of the CPT signal peak, and recording the numerical value of the amplitude-width ratio H/V; step six: the temperature of the atomic gas chamber is changed for many times by the upper computer control gas chamber temperature control module, the temperature is stepped to delta T, a plurality of CPT signal peak curves and a plurality of signal width ratios are obtained, a signal width ratio curve is obtained according to all signal width ratios in a fitting mode, the temperature corresponding to the maximum value of the signal width ratio curve is the optimal working temperature of the atomic gas chamber, and therefore automatic calibration of the working temperature of the gas chamber of the CPT magnetometer is completed;
the range of delta T is more than or equal to 0.1 ℃ and less than or equal to 0.5 ℃;
the automatic calibration method is realized based on an automatic calibration system of the working temperature of the air chamber of the CPT magnetometer, and the automatic calibration system comprises: the device comprises a laser generation module, a microwave signal source, a quarter wave plate, an atomic gas chamber, a gas chamber temperature control module, a data acquisition module and an upper computer;
the upper computer controls a microwave signal source to provide a modulation signal for the laser generation module, the laser generation module is enabled to generate laser, the laser is converted into circularly polarized light through the quarter-wave plate and then sent into the atomic gas chamber, the upper computer controls the gas chamber temperature control module to heat the atomic gas chamber, meanwhile, the data acquisition module acquires the real-time temperature and light intensity of the atomic gas chamber to obtain a CPT signal peak curve, and further the signal amplitude-width ratio is determined; the upper computer controls the air chamber temperature control module to change the temperature of the atomic air chamber for multiple times to obtain multiple CPT signal peak curves and multiple signal amplitude-to-width ratios, and determines the optimal working temperature of the atomic air chamber according to all the signal amplitude-to-width ratios to finish the automatic calibration of the air chamber working temperature for the CPT magnetometer;
the scanning range of the modulation signal is [ omega ]center-ωband,ωcenter+ωband]Wherein, ω iscenterFor the centre frequency, omega, of the modulation signal generated by the microwave signal sourcebandIn order to scan a half-range, the CPT signal peak curve represents a transmission spectrum after interaction of laser and atoms, the light intensity is taken as a vertical coordinate, the frequency of a modulation signal is taken as a horizontal coordinate, and the signal amplitude-to-width ratio refers to the ratio of the amplitude of the CPT signal peak curve to the half-height width;
the laser generation module comprises a laser, a laser current source and a laser temperature control circuit, the laser current source provides constant working current for the laser, the laser temperature control circuit controls the constant working temperature of the laser, and the modulation signal is provided for the laser to enable the laser generation module to generate laser with constant power and frequency and atomic transition resonance;
the air chamber temperature control module comprises a heating sheet, a temperature sensor and a temperature controller, the upper computer controls the heating sheet to work through the temperature controller to heat the atomic air chamber, and meanwhile, the temperature controller collects the temperature of the atomic air chamber through the temperature sensor and feeds the temperature back to the upper computer through the data collection module;
the heating plate is coated on the outer wall of the atomic gas chamber, and the temperature sensor is arranged at the central position of the heating plate;
the data acquisition module comprises a photoelectric detector and a data acquisition card, the photoelectric detector measures the light intensity of laser emitted from the atomic gas chamber, the light intensity is converted into an electric signal and then is provided to the upper computer through the data acquisition card, and the temperature of the atomic gas chamber is also provided to the upper computer through the data acquisition card;
the laser, the quarter-wave plate, the atomic gas chamber and the photoelectric detector are positioned on the same axis;
the heating sheet adopts a double-layer flexible heating film, and counteracts a magnetic field generated by current by reversely applying current;
the laser adopts a VCSEL laser, namely a vertical surface emitting semiconductor laser.
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| CN111289924A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2020-06-16 | 中科知影(北京)科技有限公司 | Multi-channel atomic magnetic detector |
| CN110764031A (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2020-02-07 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Heating and radio frequency integrated assembly for optical pumping magnetometer |
| CN111007443B (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2022-07-29 | 北京航天控制仪器研究所 | Method for measuring weak magnetic field by using CPT magnetometer and CPT magnetometer |
| CN112702060A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-04-23 | 兰州空间技术物理研究所 | Microwave amplitude control method for cesium atomic clock |
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