CN116487985A - Wide-temperature-range laser frequency stabilization method and device based on unbalanced power locking - Google Patents
Wide-temperature-range laser frequency stabilization method and device based on unbalanced power locking Download PDFInfo
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/13—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
- H01S3/136—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude by controlling devices placed within the cavity
- H01S3/137—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude by controlling devices placed within the cavity for stabilising of frequency
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- H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
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- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
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- H01S3/1028—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation by controlling the temperature
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
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- H01S3/106—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
- H01S3/107—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using electro-optic devices, e.g. exhibiting Pockels or Kerr effect
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Abstract
本发明提出基于非平衡功率锁定的宽温域激光稳频方法与装置。所述宽温域激光稳频装置包括：双纵模He‑Ne激光器，激光器电源，非平衡功率稳频控制电路和非平衡功率稳频控制光路；所述非平衡功率稳频控制光路包括二分之一波片、消偏振分光镜、光隔离器、偏振分光棱镜；所述非平衡功率稳频控制电路包括光电转换电路、A/D转换器、测温电路、微处理器、D/A转换器、薄膜加热驱动器。本发明方法可以使激光器在‑20℃～40℃温度范围内的激光器频率相对准确度优于1.0×10‑8，本发明装置可以在宽温域环境下保证激光的稳频效果，扩展激光作为测量长度基准的实验温度环境，改进现有激光干涉仪难以在极端环境下正常工作的问题。
The invention proposes a method and device for stabilizing laser frequency in a wide temperature range based on unbalanced power locking. The wide temperature domain laser frequency stabilization device includes: a dual longitudinal mode He-Ne laser, a laser power supply, an unbalanced power frequency stabilization control circuit and an unbalanced power frequency stabilization control optical path; the unbalanced power frequency stabilization control optical path includes a half-wave plate, a depolarization beam splitter, an optical isolator, and a polarization beam splitter; the unbalanced power frequency stabilization control circuit includes a photoelectric conversion circuit, an A/D converter, a temperature measurement circuit, a microprocessor, a D/A converter, and a film heating driver. The method of the invention can make the relative accuracy of the laser frequency of the laser better than 1.0× 10-8 in the temperature range of -20°C to 40°C. The device of the invention can ensure the frequency stabilization effect of the laser in a wide temperature range environment, expand the experimental temperature environment where the laser is used as the measurement length reference, and improve the problem that the existing laser interferometer is difficult to work normally in extreme environments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser application, and particularly relates to a wide-temperature-range laser frequency stabilization method and device based on unbalanced power locking.
Background
With the rapid development of science and technology in China, absolute gravity measurement with a laser interference displacement measurement technology as a core has become a research hot spot for field environment application such as resource exploration, missile trajectory calculation and the like, but the field environments have extreme temperatures or have larger day and night temperature differences. The laser serving as the length reference for laser interferometry is mostly applied to experimental environments or industrial sites, and cannot normally work in an extreme temperature environment, so that the application range of the laser interferometer is severely limited.
In 1972, ballhorn et al proposed a principle of dual longitudinal mode power balance and frequency stabilization based on the characteristic that the polarization directions of adjacent longitudinal modes of an inner cavity type He-Ne laser are mutually perpendicular. Laser stabilization is in fact a process of continuously adjusting the length of the cavity to maintain the optical length of the cavity stable. For the adjusting method, one is to change the temperature of the laser by using the thermal expansion and contraction effect of the material, and the other is to mechanically deform the laser by using external force. Aiming at the wide temperature range frequency stabilization method, the laser temperature is adopted to adjust the cavity length more easily. The cavity length adjusting method of the frequency stabilized laser mainly comprises electric heating adjustment, air cooling adjustment, water cooling adjustment and the like. The air-cooled laser cannot effectively realize high-precision frequency stabilization due to vibration noise existing in the fan and high airflow caused by the fan, and the anti-interference capability in a wide-temperature-range environment is limited.
In the domestic aspect, the university of Harbin industry proposes a double longitudinal mode laser compound frequency stabilization method and device based on a thermoelectric refrigerator (Chinese patent CN101615757A: double longitudinal mode laser compound frequency stabilization method and device based on a thermoelectric refrigerator). The method uses the thermoelectric refrigerator as an executive device for temperature control, sets two frequency stabilization modes of a power balance type and a frequency deviation locking type, and shortens the preheating time. However, the thermoelectric cooler is arranged at one side of the laser tube, so that the laser tube is heated unevenly, the problem of temperature gradient exists, and the anti-interference capability in a wide-temperature-range environment is limited. And frequent changes of the discharge current can interfere with the laser gain medium, resulting in a shift of the center frequency of the gain curve.
Water-cooled double longitudinal mode He-Ne laser (Yan Ziqi. Double frequency separation type frequency stabilized laser research based on Integrated Water-cooled noise reduction [ D ] developed by Harbin university of Industrial science Yan Ziqi et al]2018) provides a multi-layer weakly coupled water-cooling heat dissipation structure model, aiming at the problems of poor temperature change resistance, uneven heat dissipation and excessive heat dissipation of a natural heat dissipation type laser, wherein the frequency stability reaches 1.68 multiplied by 10 -10 . However, the water-cooled laser has a large volume, a constant-temperature water tank is required to be arranged, and the working effect of the constant-temperature water tank is limited by the ambient temperature, so that the water-cooled method is not suitable for wide-temperature-range laser frequency stabilization at-20-40 ℃.
The method for preheating control based on feedback of longitudinal mode technology is proposed (the method is known to the university of Harbin industry, high-speed heterodyne laser interferometry based on spatial separation, several key technical researches [ D ] Harbin industry university, 2014), and the laser changes one longitudinal mode according to each half wavelength of the laser tube resonant cavity. Thus, for an output wavelength of the 633nm He-Ne laser and the length of the laser tube to be constant, the temperature at which the laser tube changes by one longitudinal mode is also fixed. The method reflects the temperature change of the laser tube by the longitudinal mode change amount, is not influenced by external factors and has high temperature repeatability, but the method is mainly applied to fixed working temperature points, and needs to be optimized and improved for the frequency stabilization of the laser in the environment with a wide temperature range.
In foreign aspects, the 7701 laser of the ZYGO company in the united states is a spontaneous heat dissipation type laser, and temperature control is performed through a heating film, but due to uneven heat dissipation of the spontaneous heat dissipation type laser, the laser is easily interfered by the ambient temperature in a wide temperature range environment, so that stable drift is caused, and the accuracy of measurement is reduced. In the research aspect of high anti-interference lasers, taking laser series products in absolute gravimeter as an example, the ML-1 helium-neon laser configured by FG5 series absolute gravimeter of Micro-g LaCoste company abroad has the working temperature range of-18 to 38 ℃, but the preheating time is as long as 1h, and before the development of detection tasks, the equipment such as laser interferometer and the like including the laser needs to be heated for 1 to 2 h. The other model of the company adopts a 100-type iodine frequency stabilization He-Ne laser of winter electric-Optics company, and the working temperature range of the laser is only 15-25 ℃ due to the limitation of the working temperature of the iodine frequency stabilization laser, so that the working environment outside a laboratory is difficult to meet due to the measurement experiment under the subzero condition.
In summary, the frequency accuracy of the current laser under the condition of wide temperature range severely restricts the development and application of the laser interferometer. The existing solution is to heat up the equipment such as the laser interferometer and the like for 2-3 hours before the detection task is carried out, and control the equipment to work at a proper temperature, but this greatly increases the manpower, material resources and time cost. Therefore, the high-frequency accuracy frequency stabilization technology under the wide temperature range condition (-20-40 ℃) and the development and application of the instrument to the laser interferometer are researched, the experimental temperature environment of the laser as a measurement length standard can be expanded, and the industrial problem is solved from practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the existing laser frequency stabilization technology, namely the problems that the laser frequency accuracy is low in an extreme temperature environment, the frequency cannot be stabilized, the working environment is limited to a laboratory environment and the like, and provides a wide-temperature-range laser frequency stabilization method and device based on unbalanced power locking.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme, the invention provides a wide-temperature-range laser frequency stabilization device based on unbalanced power locking, and the laser frequency stabilization device comprises: a double longitudinal mode He-Ne laser 1, a laser power supply 2, an unbalanced power frequency stabilization control optical path and an unbalanced power frequency stabilization control circuit;
the unbalanced power frequency stabilization control light path comprises a half wave plate 3, a depolarization beam splitter prism 4, an optical isolator 5 and a polarization beam splitter prism 6, and the unbalanced power frequency stabilization control circuit comprises a photoelectric detector 7, an I/V conversion circuit 8, an A/D converter 9, a D/A converter 10, a thin film heating driver 11, an intracavity temperature sensor 12, an ambient temperature sensor 13 and an MCU microprocessor 14; the laser tube is nested in the thermal structure, the half wave plate 3 is arranged outside the light hole, the half wave plate 3, the depolarization beam splitter prism 4 and the optical isolator 5 are sequentially connected in a unidirectional manner, the depolarization beam splitter prism 4, the polarization beam splitter prism 6, the photoelectric detector 7, the I/V conversion circuit 8, the A/D converter 9 and the MCU microprocessor 14 are sequentially connected in a unidirectional manner, the MCU microprocessor 14, the D/A converter 10 and the thin film heating driver 11 are sequentially connected in a unidirectional manner, the intracavity temperature sensor 12 is adhered to the inner wall of the thermal structure, the environmental temperature sensor 13 is arranged outside the dual longitudinal mode He-Ne laser 1 to measure the environmental temperature, and the laser is coupled to be output by the optical fiber coupler after passing through the optical isolator 5.
Further, the laser power supply 2 is used for providing electric energy for the dual longitudinal mode He-Ne laser 1;
the dual longitudinal mode He-Ne laser 1 is used for outputting dual-mode laser to the half wave plate 3;
the half wave plate 3 is used for changing the polarization direction of the light output by the laser 1 into double longitudinal mode polarized light which is mutually perpendicular, so that the influence of the light splitting mixing of the polarization splitting prism 6 on the frequency stabilization control is reduced;
the depolarization beam splitter prism 4 is connected with the half wave plate 3, the beam splitting ratio is 1:9, and the depolarization beam splitter prism is used for reflecting and refracting laser beams, 90% of the beams are transmitted and output to ensure the output light power, and 10% of the beams are reflected to the polarization beam splitter prism 6 for frequency stabilization control;
the optical isolator 5 is used for weakening the influence of the subsequent optical fiber return light on the laser frequency stabilization effect;
the polarization beam splitter prism 6 is configured to split the dual longitudinal mode laser reflected by the depolarization beam splitter prism 4 into two beams of light with a horizontal polarization state and a vertical polarization state;
the photodetector 7 is configured to convert the two polarized light signals emitted by the polarization beam splitter prism 6 into electrical signals and output the electrical signals to the I/V conversion circuit 8;
the I/V conversion circuit 8 is configured to convert two current signals output by the photodetector 7 into voltage signals, and output the voltage signals to the a/D converter 9;
the a/D converter 9 is configured to collect signals, convert two optical analog signals into digital signals, and output the digital signals to the port of the MCU microprocessor 14;
the D/a converter 10 is configured to convert the frequency-stabilized digital signal into an analog signal and output the analog signal to the thin film heating driver 11;
the thin film heating driver 11 is configured to output a temperature control driving signal to the inside of the laser 1, and to uniformly heat a laser tube;
the intracavity temperature sensor 12 is used for reading the temperature value in the laser tube cavity;
the environmental temperature sensor 13 is used for reading the external environmental temperature and is arranged outside the laser 1;
the MCU microprocessor 14 is used for performing algorithm operation and programming, and outputting a digital adjusting signal to the D/A converter 10 according to the temperature data and the optical power signal.
Further, the optical device and the electrical device adopted by the unbalanced power frequency stabilization control optical path and the unbalanced power frequency stabilization control circuit have stable working performance under the condition of wide temperature range of-20 to 40 ℃.
Further, the heat conducting structure of the laser tube is made of high heat conducting materials.
Further, the polarization directions of the dual longitudinal mode laser beams with the polarization states perpendicular to each other are adjusted to be horizontal and vertical directions by using the half wave plate 3.
The invention also provides a wide-temperature-range laser frequency stabilization method based on unbalanced power locking, which is applied to the wide-temperature-range laser frequency stabilization device based on unbalanced power locking; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, establishing the laser frequency f along with the ambient temperature T A Is a model of variation of (a); different temperature points T within a wide temperature range of-20 to 40 DEG C 1 ，T 2 ，T 3 … … beat frequency is carried out by utilizing one longitudinal mode under the condition of balanced power frequency stabilizationChecking and recording a laser center frequency value f 1 ，f 2 ，f 3 … … fitting the obtained experimental data to obtain a model f of laser frequency variation with temperature in a wide temperature range (T) ；
Step two, a variation model of laser frequency variation delta f along with an error signal, namely a double longitudinal mode optical power deviation signal delta P is established; different temperature points T in a wide temperature range of-20 to 40 DEG C 1 ，T 2 ，T 3 … … the laser frequency is changed by a certain amount from the double longitudinal mode optical power deviation signal Δp 1 ，Δf 2 ，Δf 3 … …, the sensitivity k=Δf/Δp of the wide temperature range laser frequency along with the change of the error signal is obtained; the experimental process of establishing the laser model is completed;
step three, setting the preheating temperature of the laser according to the ambient temperature, and measuring the ambient temperature T by an ambient temperature sensor 13 A According to the external temperature data T A Setting the operating temperature of the laser, i.e. setting the laser preheating temperature T set ；T set The numerical value setting needs to consider the self-heating temperature of the laser tube and the limit working temperature of the laser tube;
step four, the double longitudinal mode laser 1 enters a preheating process, namely, the laser and the environment establish approximate heat balance conditions required by frequency stabilization control; during the heating phase of the dual longitudinal mode laser, the initial temperature T of the laser tube is measured by the intracavity temperature sensor 12 tube The thin film heating driver 11 heats the laser tube, and the temperature of the laser tube is monitored in real time until the temperature value T tube Reaching a preset working temperature T set Completing the preheating process of the laser;
fifthly, aiming at the wide temperature range laser frequency stabilization, the optical frequencies of the two longitudinal modes are f and f ', the optical power of the two longitudinal modes is measured by a pair of photodetectors 7 through the unbalanced power frequency stabilization control optical path, and the measured optical powers are P, P', respectively; the MCU microprocessor 14 utilizes the ambient temperature T A And according to the variation model f of laser frequency with temperature (T) And calculating the offset delta P of the optical power to compensate the frequency difference value according to the variation model k of the laser frequency along with the error signal.
Further, the polarization beam splitter prism 6 separates the light into horizontal polarized light and vertical polarized light, and the optical power P, P' of the two laser beams is converted into voltage signals after being collected by the photodetector 7, the I/V conversion 8 and the filtering amplifying circuit.
Further, the environment temperature range suitable for the wide temperature range laser frequency stabilization method based on unbalanced power locking is-20-40 ℃, and the drift of laser frequency along with temperature is compensated by changing two longitudinal mode optical power deviation values delta P at different temperatures, so that the frequency relative accuracy of the laser frequency stabilization device is ensured to be better than 1.0 multiplied by 10 -8 。
The invention also provides electronic equipment, which comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor realizes the steps of the wide-temperature-range laser frequency stabilization method based on unbalanced power locking when executing the computer program.
The invention also provides a computer readable storage medium for storing computer instructions which when executed by a processor implement the steps of the wide temperature range laser frequency stabilization method based on unbalanced power locking.
The invention has the following characteristics and beneficial effects:
the invention designs a wide-temperature-range laser frequency stabilization method and device based on unbalanced power locking, which aims at the frequency stabilization method under the wide-temperature-range condition by keeping two paths of optical power within a tiny range of a certain deviation value through a control algorithm at different temperatures. A model f of the variation of unbalanced power frequency stabilized laser frequency along with the temperature is established (T) And a model k of the variation of the laser frequency with the error signal. And calculating a target output frequency value according to the ambient temperature, correcting the frequency stabilization datum point, adjusting the laser frequency to approach to the same frequency, and ensuring the laser frequency accuracy. The invention can ensure the frequency stabilization effect of laser in a wide temperature range environment, expand the experimental temperature environment of the laser as a reference for measuring the length, and improve the problem that the conventional laser interferometer is difficult to work normally in an extreme environment. The working temperature range of the frequency stabilization method and the device is between minus 20 ℃ and 40 ℃, and the relative accuracy of the laser frequency is better than 1.0x10 -8 。
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wide temperature range laser frequency stabilization device based on unbalanced power locking according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a wide temperature range laser frequency stabilization device based on unbalanced power locking according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a dual longitudinal mode variation of an unbalanced power mode according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a beat frequency experiment principle of the iodine stabilized frequency laser of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows the drift f of the beat frequency of the laser according to the temperature (T) A graph;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the variation of laser frequency with error signal at different temperatures according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a control system for an unbalanced power lock-up frequency stabilization process of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of laser beat frequency data of conventional balanced power frequency stabilization under wide temperature range conditions according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the comparison of beat frequencies of laser with unbalanced power stabilization under wide temperature range conditions according to the present invention.
In the figure, a dual longitudinal mode he—ne laser 1, a laser power supply 2, a half wave plate 3, a depolarizing beam splitter prism 4, an optical isolator 5, a polarizing beam splitter prism 6, a photodetector 7 (a first photodetector 7a, a second photodetector 7 b), an I/V conversion circuit 8, an a/D converter 9,D/a converter 10, a thin film heating driver 11, an intracavity temperature sensor 12, an ambient temperature sensor 13, and an mcu microprocessor 14.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Aiming at the defects of the existing laser frequency stabilization technology, the invention provides a wide-temperature-range laser frequency stabilization method and device based on unbalanced power locking, and belongs to the technical field of laser application. Aiming at the problem of the decline of the laser frequency accuracy under the condition of wide temperature range, an unbalanced power frequency stabilization scheme is provided, and a model f of the variation of the unbalanced power frequency stabilization laser frequency along with the temperature is established (T) And a model of the variation of the laser frequency with the error signal to correct the frequency stabilizing reference point. The relative accuracy of the laser frequency is better than 1.0 multiplied by 10 by controlling the power deviation of the double longitudinal modes to be in the tiny range of delta P under different temperatures so as to compensate the drift of the frequency along with the temperature -8 。
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the invention provides a wide temperature range laser frequency stabilization device based on unbalanced power locking, which comprises: a double longitudinal mode He-Ne laser 1, a laser power supply 2, an unbalanced power frequency stabilization control optical path and an unbalanced power frequency stabilization control circuit;
the unbalanced power frequency stabilization control light path comprises a half wave plate 3, a depolarization beam splitter prism 4, an optical isolator 5 and a polarization beam splitter prism 6, and the unbalanced power frequency stabilization control circuit comprises a photoelectric detector 7, an I/V conversion circuit 8, an A/D converter 9, a D/A converter 10, a thin film heating driver 11, an intracavity temperature sensor 12, an ambient temperature sensor 13 and an MCU microprocessor 14; the laser tube is nested in the thermal structure, the half wave plate 3 is arranged outside the light hole, the half wave plate 3, the depolarization beam splitter prism 4 and the optical isolator 5 are sequentially connected in a unidirectional manner, the depolarization beam splitter prism 4, the polarization beam splitter prism 6, the photoelectric detector 7, the I/V conversion circuit 8, the A/D converter 9 and the MCU microprocessor 14 are sequentially connected in a unidirectional manner, the MCU microprocessor 14, the D/A converter 10 and the thin film heating driver 11 are sequentially connected in a unidirectional manner, the intracavity temperature sensor 12 is adhered to the inner wall of the thermal structure, the environmental temperature sensor 13 is arranged outside the dual longitudinal mode He-Ne laser 1 to measure the environmental temperature, and the laser is coupled to be output by the optical fiber coupler after passing through the optical isolator 5.
The laser power supply 2 is used for providing electric energy for the dual longitudinal mode He-Ne laser 1;
the dual longitudinal mode He-Ne laser 1 is used for outputting dual-mode laser to the half wave plate 3;
the half wave plate 3 is used for changing the polarization direction of the light output by the laser 1 into double longitudinal mode polarized light which is mutually perpendicular, so that the influence of the light splitting mixing of the polarization splitting prism 6 on the frequency stabilization control is reduced;
the depolarization beam splitter prism 4 is connected with the half wave plate 3, the beam splitting ratio is 1:9, and the depolarization beam splitter prism is used for reflecting and refracting laser beams, 90% of the beams are transmitted and output to ensure the output light power, and 10% of the beams are reflected to the polarization beam splitter prism 6 for frequency stabilization control;
the optical isolator 5 is used for weakening the influence of the subsequent optical fiber return light on the laser frequency stabilization effect;
the polarization beam splitter prism 6 is configured to split the dual longitudinal mode laser reflected by the depolarization beam splitter prism 4 into two beams of light with a horizontal polarization state and a vertical polarization state;
the photodetector 7 is configured to convert the two polarized light signals emitted by the polarization beam splitter prism 6 into electrical signals and output the electrical signals to the I/V conversion circuit 8;
the I/V conversion circuit 8 is configured to convert two current signals output by the photodetector 7 into voltage signals, and output the voltage signals to the a/D converter 9;
the a/D converter 9 is configured to collect signals, convert two optical analog signals into digital signals, and output the digital signals to the port of the MCU microprocessor 14;
the D/a converter 10 is configured to convert the frequency-stabilized digital signal into an analog signal and output the analog signal to the thin film heating driver 11;
the thin film heating driver 11 is configured to output a temperature control driving signal to the inside of the laser 1, and to uniformly heat a laser tube;
the temperature sensor 12 in the cavity is used for reading the temperature value in the laser tube cavity and is a high-precision sensor;
the environmental temperature sensor 13 is used for reading the external environmental temperature, is arranged outside the laser 1 and is a high-precision sensor;
the MCU microprocessor 14 is used for performing algorithm operation and programming, and outputting a digital adjusting signal to the D/A converter 10 according to the temperature data and the optical power signal.
The optical device and the electrical device adopted by the unbalanced power frequency stabilization control optical path and the unbalanced power frequency stabilization control circuit have stable working performance under the condition of wide temperature range of-20 to 40 ℃.
The heat conducting structure of the laser tube is made of high heat conducting materials.
And the polarization directions of the double longitudinal mode lasers with the polarization states perpendicular to each other are adjusted to be horizontal and vertical by using the half wave plate 3 by adopting a forward main output light frequency stabilization method.
The invention also provides a wide-temperature-range laser frequency stabilization method based on unbalanced power locking, which is applied to the wide-temperature-range laser frequency stabilization device based on unbalanced power locking; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, establishing the laser frequency f along with the ambient temperature T A Is a model of variation of (a); different temperature points T within a wide temperature range of-20 to 40 DEG C 1 ，T 2 ，T 3 … … beat frequency experiment (beat frequency reference is iodine stabilized frequency laser, laser frequency accuracy is 2.0X10) is carried out by utilizing longitudinal mode under one of balanced power stabilized frequency condition -10 ) Recording the laser center frequency value f 1 ，f 2 ，f 3 … … fitting the obtained experimental data to obtain a model f of laser frequency variation with temperature in a wide temperature range (T) ；
Step two, a variation model of laser frequency variation delta f along with an error signal, namely a double longitudinal mode optical power deviation signal delta P is established; different temperature points T in a wide temperature range of-20 to 40 DEG C 1 ，T 2 ，T 3 … … the laser frequency is changed by a certain amount from the double longitudinal mode optical power deviation signal Δp 1 ，Δf 2 ，Δf 3 … …, the sensitivity k=Δf/Δp of the wide temperature range laser frequency along with the change of the error signal is obtained; the experimental process of establishing the laser model is completed;
step three, setting the preheating temperature of the laser according to the ambient temperature, and measuring the ambient temperature T by an ambient temperature sensor 13 A According to the external temperature data T A Setting the operating temperature of the laser, i.e. setting the laser preheating temperature T set ；T set The numerical value setting needs to consider the self-heating temperature of the laser tube and the limit working temperature of the laser tube;
step four, the double longitudinal mode laser 1 enters a preheating process, namely, the laser and the environment establish approximate heat balance conditions required by frequency stabilization control; during the heating phase of the dual longitudinal mode laser, the initial temperature T of the laser tube is measured by the intracavity temperature sensor 12 tube The thin film heating driver 11 heats the laser tube, and the temperature of the laser tube is monitored in real time until the temperature value T tube Reaching a preset working temperature T set Completing the preheating process of the laser;
fifthly, aiming at the wide temperature range laser frequency stabilization, the optical frequencies of the two longitudinal modes are f and f ', the optical power of the two longitudinal modes is measured by a pair of photodetectors 7 through the unbalanced power frequency stabilization control optical path, and the measured optical powers are P, P', respectively; the MCU microprocessor 14 utilizes the ambient temperature T A And according to the variation model f of laser frequency with temperature (T) And calculating the offset delta P of the optical power to compensate the frequency difference value according to the variation model k of the laser frequency along with the error signal. The unbalanced power frequency stabilization control scheme controls the power difference value of two longitudinal modes in a small range of delta P through a control algorithm, and the laser frequency stabilization reference point can be corrected by changing delta P at different temperatures, so that the accuracy of the laser frequency under the condition of wide temperature range is finally ensured. The unbalanced power frequency stabilization control scheme controls the power difference value of two longitudinal modes in a small range of delta P through a control algorithm so as to compensate the drift of frequency along with temperature. Final frequency stabilizationThe degree effect is shown in figure 3, two longitudinal modes v q 、v q+1 The frequency jitter range of (2) is controlled to be tiny [ v ]' q ，v″ q ][ v ]' q+1 ，v″ q+1 ]Within a range of (2).
The method establishes a model f of the variation of unbalanced power frequency stabilized laser frequency along with temperature (T) And a model k of the variation of the laser frequency with the error signal, the error signal being characterized by an optical power deviation Δp or a differential voltage signal; the polarization beam splitter prism 6 is separated into horizontal polarized light and vertical polarized light, and the light power P, P' of the two laser beams is converted into voltage signals after being collected by the photoelectric detector 7, the I/V conversion 8 and the filtering amplifying circuit.
The wide-temperature-range laser frequency stabilization method based on unbalanced power locking is suitable for the environment temperature range of-20-40 ℃, can be suitable for field environments with large day-night temperature difference and the like, compensates the drift of laser frequency along with temperature by changing two longitudinal mode optical power deviation values delta P at different temperatures, and ensures that the frequency relative accuracy of the laser frequency stabilization device is better than 1.0 multiplied by 10 -8 。
Specific examples of the present invention are as follows:
the related data of the dual longitudinal mode He-Ne laser in the invention is wavelength 633nm, the length of the laser tube is 150mm, and the thermal expansion coefficient is about 3.0x10 -6 and/C. Firstly, carrying out a wide temperature range laser frequency variation relation experiment along with temperature, and establishing a variation model f of the laser frequency f along with the environmental temperature T (T) . The laser is controlled in frequency stabilization by using a balanced power frequency stabilization scheme under different single temperature points selected in a wide temperature range, and a beat frequency experiment is carried out on one of the longitudinal modes and the iodine frequency stabilization laser, wherein the beat frequency experiment principle is shown in figure 4, and a model of the laser frequency variation along with the temperature is shown in figure 5 (f) F Iodine frequency stabilization F peak frequency):
f＝f F -189.49+0.24T A
f F -iodine frequency stabilization F peak frequency;
T A -an ambient temperature value.
From the above, it was found that the laser frequency drifts with temperature at a rate of 0.24 MHz/. Degree.C. Next, establishing a laser frequency variation model k along with power through experiments, wherein the optical power P of the double longitudinal mode laser 1 、P 2 The voltage signal is converted into a voltage signal after being collected by a detector and circuits such as I/V conversion, filtering amplification and the like. The optical power deviation Δp can be expressed by an error signal as Δp=c·Δv (c is a constant). As shown in fig. 6, each time the observed error voltage signal changes by 10mV at different temperature points, the laser frequency changes by an amount Δf relative to the output frequency under balanced power frequency stabilization control. In order to reduce the frequency stabilization error caused by the change of the sensitivity along with the temperature, the sensitivity values of different temperature points in the experiment are averaged to be used as the sensitivity k of the laser frequency along with the change of the error signal in the whole temperature range:
the establishment of a model of the laser frequency along with the temperature and a model of the laser frequency along with the error signal, which are required by the unbalanced power frequency stabilization scheme, is completed, and the MCU utilizes the model to carry out algorithm regulation.
After the dual longitudinal mode laser is electrified, the laser performs a preheating stage, and the preheating temperature T of the laser is determined according to experimental data, an environment temperature range and the limit working temperature of a laser tube set Heating the laser tube by the thin film heating driver to make the temperature value T tube Reaching a preset working temperature T set And (5) completing the laser preheating process. Preheating temperature T set Setting to 25 ℃ above ambient temperature, namely:
T set ＝T A +25℃
MCU microprocessor according to laser frequency with temperature change model f (T) Data T measured by an ambient temperature sensor A The current laser output frequency f is calculated, and a difference delta f from the target frequency is obtained. Obtaining error signal value delta P of compensation frequency according to the variation model k of laser frequency delta f along with error signal delta P, and adjusting the value of error signal delta P to approach laser frequency at different temperatures to the same frequency, wherein the error signal is output by MCU microprocessorThe signal is sent to the D/A converter, and then the compensation voltage value is output to the film heating driver, so as to complete the correction process of the frequency stabilization datum point. The principle of frequency stabilization control is shown in FIG. 7, which shows the difference P between the powers of the two longitudinal modes measured by a pair of optical power meters 2 -P 1 And feeding back to the input end, outputting a compensation voltage value through a frequency stabilization algorithm, and driving the heating film to control the length of the laser cavity so as to realize a frequency stabilization control process. The final frequency stabilizing effect is to make two longitudinal modes v q 、v q+1 The frequency jitter range of (2) is controlled to be tiny [ v ]' q ，v″ q ][ v ]' q+1 ，v″ q+1 ]Is in a small range of (2).
The laser beat frequency data of the traditional balanced power stable frequency under the wide temperature range condition is shown in fig. 8, and the laser beat frequency pair of the unbalanced power stable frequency is shown in fig. 9. The invention provides a wide-temperature-range laser frequency stabilization method and a device based on unbalanced power locking, which are used for establishing a laser frequency variation model with temperature and a laser frequency variation model with error signals required by an unbalanced power frequency stabilization scheme, so as to correct a frequency stabilization reference point to compensate the temperature drift of output frequency. Experiments prove that the laser frequency accuracy of the unbalanced power locked wide-temperature-range laser frequency stabilization method and device in the temperature range of minus 20-40 ℃ is better than 1.0x10 -8 . The device can ensure the frequency stabilization effect of the laser in a wide temperature range environment, expand the experimental temperature environment of the laser as a measurement length reference, and improve the problem that the conventional laser interferometer is difficult to work normally in an extreme environment.
The invention also provides electronic equipment, which comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor realizes the steps of the wide-temperature-range laser frequency stabilization method based on unbalanced power locking when executing the computer program.
The invention also provides a computer readable storage medium for storing computer instructions which when executed by a processor implement the steps of the wide temperature range laser frequency stabilization method based on unbalanced power locking.
The memory in embodiments of the present application may be either volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, or may include both volatile and nonvolatile memory. The nonvolatile memory may be a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Programmable ROM (PROM), an Erasable PROM (EPROM), an electrically Erasable EPROM (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be random access memory (random access memory, RAM) which acts as an external cache. By way of example, and not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as Static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct memory bus RAM (DR RAM). It should be noted that the memory of the methods described herein is intended to comprise, without being limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.
In the above embodiments, it may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the processes or functions described in accordance with embodiments of the present application are produced in whole or in part. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable apparatus. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center by a wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (digital subscriber line, DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). The computer readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. that contains an integration of one or more available media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., a high-density digital video disc (digital video disc, DVD)), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., a Solid State Disk (SSD)), or the like.
In implementation, the steps of the above method may be performed by integrated logic circuits of hardware in a processor or by instructions in the form of software. The steps of a method disclosed in connection with the embodiments of the present application may be embodied directly in a hardware processor for execution, or in a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor for execution. The software modules may be located in a random access memory, flash memory, read only memory, programmable read only memory, or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, etc. as well known in the art. The storage medium is located in a memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and, in combination with its hardware, performs the steps of the above method. To avoid repetition, a detailed description is not provided herein.
It should be noted that the processor in the embodiments of the present application may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capability. In implementation, the steps of the above method embodiments may be implemented by integrated logic circuits of hardware in a processor or instructions in software form. The processor may be a general purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, or discrete hardware components. The disclosed methods, steps, and logic blocks in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented or performed. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like. The steps of a method disclosed in connection with the embodiments of the present application may be embodied directly in hardware, in a decoded processor, or in a combination of hardware and software modules in a decoded processor. The software modules may be located in a random access memory, flash memory, read only memory, programmable read only memory, or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, etc. as well known in the art. The storage medium is located in a memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and, in combination with its hardware, performs the steps of the above method.
The invention has been described in detail with respect to the method and apparatus for broad temperature range laser frequency stabilization based on unbalanced power locking, and specific examples are applied herein to illustrate the principles and embodiments of the invention, and the description of the above examples is only for helping to understand the method and core idea of the invention; meanwhile, as those skilled in the art will have variations in the specific embodiments and application scope in accordance with the ideas of the present invention, the present description should not be construed as limiting the present invention in view of the above.
Claims (10)
1. Wide temperature range laser steady frequency device based on unbalanced power locking, its characterized in that: the laser frequency stabilization device comprises: a double longitudinal mode He-Ne laser (1), a laser power supply (2), an unbalanced power frequency stabilization control optical path and an unbalanced power frequency stabilization control circuit;
the unbalanced power frequency stabilization control light path comprises a half wave plate (3), a depolarization beam splitter prism (4), an optical isolator (5) and a polarization beam splitter prism (6), and the unbalanced power frequency stabilization control circuit comprises a photoelectric detector (7), an I/V conversion circuit (8), an A/D converter (9), a D/A converter (10), a thin film heating driver (11), an intracavity temperature sensor (12), an ambient temperature sensor (13) and an MCU microprocessor (14); the laser tube is nested in the thermal structure, the half wave plate (3) is arranged outside the light hole, the half wave plate (3), the depolarization beam splitter prism (4) and the optical isolator (5) are sequentially connected in a unidirectional mode, the depolarization beam splitter prism (4), the polarization beam splitter prism (6), the photoelectric detector (7), the I/V conversion circuit (8), the A/D converter (9) and the MCU microprocessor (14) are sequentially connected in a unidirectional mode, the MCU microprocessor (14), the D/A converter (10) and the thin film heating driver (11) are sequentially connected in a unidirectional mode, the intracavity temperature sensor (12) is adhered to the inner wall of the thermal structure, the ambient temperature sensor (13) is installed on the outer side of the dual longitudinal mode He-Ne laser (1) to measure the ambient temperature, and the laser is coupled and output through the optical coupler after passing through the optical isolator (5).
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the laser power supply (2) is used for providing electric energy for the dual longitudinal mode He-Ne laser (1);
the dual longitudinal mode He-Ne laser (1) is used for outputting dual-mode laser to the half wave plate (3);
the half wave plate (3) is used for changing the polarization direction of the light output by the laser (1) into double longitudinal mode polarized light which is mutually perpendicular, so that the influence of the light splitting mixing of the polarization splitting prism (6) on frequency stabilization control is reduced;
the depolarization beam-splitting prism (4) is connected with the half-wave plate (3), the beam-splitting ratio is 1:9, and the depolarization beam-splitting prism is used for reflecting and refracting laser beams, 90% of the beams are transmitted and output to ensure the output light power, and 10% of the beams are reflected to the polarization beam-splitting prism (6) for frequency stabilization control;
the optical isolator (5) is used for weakening the influence of the subsequent optical fiber return light on the laser frequency stabilization effect;
the polarization beam splitter prism (6) is used for separating the double longitudinal mode laser reflected by the depolarization beam splitter prism (4) into two beams of light in a horizontal polarization state and a vertical polarization state;
the photoelectric detector (7) is used for converting two polarized light signals emitted by the polarization beam splitter prism (6) into electric signals and outputting the electric signals to the I/V conversion circuit (8);
the I/V conversion circuit (8) is used for converting two paths of current signals output by the photoelectric detector (7) into voltage signals and outputting the voltage signals to the A/D converter (9);
the A/D converter (9) is used for collecting signals, converting two paths of optical analog signals into digital signals and outputting the digital signals to a port of the MCU microprocessor (14);
the D/A converter (10) is used for converting the frequency stabilization digital signal into an analog signal and outputting the analog signal to the thin film heating driver (11);
the thin film heating driver (11) is used for outputting a temperature control driving signal to the inside of the laser (1) and realizing uniform heating of a laser tube;
the intracavity temperature sensor (12) is used for reading the temperature value in the laser tube cavity;
the environment temperature sensor (13) is used for reading the external environment temperature and is arranged outside the laser (1);
the MCU microprocessor (14) is used for carrying out algorithm operation and program programming, and outputting a digital adjusting signal to the D/A converter (10) according to the temperature data and the optical power signal.
3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: the optical device and the electrical device adopted by the unbalanced power frequency stabilization control optical path and the unbalanced power frequency stabilization control circuit have stable working performance under the condition of wide temperature range of-20 to 40 ℃.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the heat conducting structure of the laser tube is made of high heat conducting materials.
5. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: and the polarization directions of the double longitudinal mode lasers with the polarization states perpendicular to each other are adjusted to be horizontal and vertical by using the half wave plate (3).
6. The wide temperature range laser frequency stabilization method based on unbalanced power locking is characterized in that: a wide temperature range laser frequency stabilization device based on unbalanced power locking as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, establishing the laser frequency f along with the ambient temperature T A Is a model of variation of (a); different temperature points T within a wide temperature range of-20 to 40 DEG C 1 ，T 2 ，T 3 … …, performing beat frequency experiment by using one of longitudinal modes under balanced power frequency stabilization condition, and recording laser center frequency value f 1 ，f 2 ，f 3 … … fitting the experimental data to obtain the variation of laser frequency with temperature in wide temperature rangeModel f (T) ；
Step two, a variation model of laser frequency variation delta f along with an error signal, namely a double longitudinal mode optical power deviation signal delta P is established; different temperature points T in a wide temperature range of-20 to 40 DEG C 1 ，T 2 ，T 3 … … the laser frequency is changed by a certain amount from the double longitudinal mode optical power deviation signal Δp 1 ，Δf 2 ，Δf 3 … …, the sensitivity k=Δf/Δp of the wide temperature range laser frequency along with the change of the error signal is obtained; the experimental process of establishing the laser model is completed;
setting the preheating temperature of the laser according to the ambient temperature, and measuring the ambient temperature T by an ambient temperature sensor (13) A According to the external temperature data T A Setting the operating temperature of the laser, i.e. setting the laser preheating temperature T set ；T set The numerical value setting needs to consider the self-heating temperature of the laser tube and the limit working temperature of the laser tube;
step four, the double longitudinal mode laser (1) enters a preheating process, namely, the laser and the environment establish approximate heat balance conditions required by frequency stabilization control; in the heating stage of the dual longitudinal mode laser, the initial temperature T of the laser tube is measured by an intracavity temperature sensor (12) tube The thin film heating driver (11) heats the laser tube, and the temperature of the laser tube is monitored in real time until the temperature value T tube Reaching a preset working temperature T set Completing the preheating process of the laser;
fifthly, aiming at the wide-temperature-range laser frequency stabilization, the optical frequencies of the two longitudinal modes are f and f ', the optical power of the two longitudinal modes is measured by a pair of photoelectric detectors (7) through the unbalanced power frequency stabilization control optical path, and the measured optical powers are P, P'; MCU microprocessor (14) utilizes external environment temperature T A And according to the variation model f of laser frequency with temperature (T) And calculating the offset delta P of the optical power to compensate the frequency difference value according to the variation model k of the laser frequency along with the error signal.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein: the polarization beam splitter prism (6) is separated into horizontal polarized light and vertical polarized light, and the optical power P, P' of the two laser beams is converted into voltage signals after being collected by the photoelectric detector (7), I/V conversion (8) and a filtering amplifying circuit.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein: the wide-temperature-range laser frequency stabilization method based on unbalanced power locking is suitable for the environment temperature range of minus 20-40 ℃, and the drift of laser frequency along with temperature is compensated by changing the two longitudinal mode optical power deviation values delta P at different temperatures, so that the relative accuracy of the frequency of the laser frequency stabilization device is ensured to be better than 1.0 multiplied by 10 -8 。
9. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, characterized in that the processor implements the steps of the method of any of claims 6-8 when the computer program is executed.
10. A computer readable storage medium storing computer instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the method of any one of claims 6-8.
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