CN116445671A - Blast furnace gas efficient utilization method - Google Patents
Blast furnace gas efficient utilization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116445671A CN116445671A CN202310617058.XA CN202310617058A CN116445671A CN 116445671 A CN116445671 A CN 116445671A CN 202310617058 A CN202310617058 A CN 202310617058A CN 116445671 A CN116445671 A CN 116445671A
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- furnace
- gas
- blast furnace
- optimal
- top pressure
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/06—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace using top gas in the blast furnace process
Abstract
The invention discloses a blast furnace gas high-efficiency utilization method, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of firstly, obtaining the optimal furnace charging batch weight, secondly, obtaining the optimal furnace top pressure, thirdly, carrying out furnace charging batch weight and furnace top pressure joint adjustment, fourthly, adjusting the oxygen enrichment rate, determining the minimum threshold requirements of the wind speed and the blast kinetic energy of a blast furnace according to the current furnace type, continuously reducing the furnace charging air quantity of the blast furnace to be close to the minimum threshold requirements within the range not lower than the minimum threshold, monitoring the change of a coal gas utilization rate curve, and searching for obtaining the optimal furnace charging air quantity of the blast furnace; the fifth step, a reasonable slagging system is selected, and the sixth step, the upper charging system is optimized, so that the high-efficiency utilization method of the blast furnace gas can improve the utilization rate of the gas, ensure that the gas flow distribution in the furnace is more reasonable, and the chemical energy and the heat energy of the gas are more fully utilized, thereby reducing the ironmaking fuel ratio of the blast furnace, improving the utilization rate of the gas to more than 44.5 percent and reducing the fuel ratio by 5kg/t.
Description
Technical Field
The invention particularly relates to a high-efficiency utilization method of blast furnace gas, and belongs to the technical field of blast furnace gas utilization.
Background
At present, in the period of entering low carbon consumption in blast furnace ironmaking, how to increase the coal ratio under the condition of low fuel ratio is a key problem which should be considered firstly by ironmaking workers, and during ironmaking production, a large amount of blast furnace gas is generated in a blast furnace of an iron and steel enterprise, and the blast furnace gas with relatively high combustion value is generally recovered, but the blast furnace gas with the too low combustion value is scattered after being ignited. Because the combustion value of the blast furnace gas is lower, the productivity of the equipment cannot be improved, and even the stable operation is affected because the blast furnace gas is not easy to burn, the common practice is to mix the converter gas with the blast furnace gas so that the converter gas and the blast furnace gas obtain higher combustion value to meet the use requirement; in use, the ratio of the blast furnace gas diffusing and loss amount to the utilization amount is up to 20 to 25 percent; the utilization rate of blast furnace gas is obviously lower.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a high-efficiency utilization method of blast furnace gas, which can improve the utilization rate of the gas, ensure that the gas flow distribution in the furnace is more reasonable, and the chemical energy and the heat energy of the gas are more fully utilized, thereby reducing the ironmaking fuel ratio of the blast furnace, improving the utilization rate of the gas to more than 44.5 percent and reducing the fuel ratio by 5kg/t.
The invention relates to a blast furnace gas high-efficiency utilization method, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, obtaining the optimal furnace charging batch weight, and searching the optimal furnace charging batch weight of the blast furnace according to the current furnace type and raw fuel conditions, wherein the optimal furnace charging batch weight comprises the following concrete steps: through the test of different ore batches fed into the furnace, the change of the gas utilization rate curve is monitored, and the most suitable ore batch is found out;
secondly, obtaining the optimal furnace top pressure, determining the highest safe top pressure of the blast furnace according to the current furnace type, and searching the optimal furnace top pressure within a safe threshold range, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: monitoring the change of the gas utilization rate curve by adjusting different furnace top pressures, and finding out the most suitable furnace top pressure;
thirdly, carrying out joint adjustment on the furnace charging batch weight and the furnace top pressure, taking the two groups of data as reference values after obtaining the optimal furnace charging batch weight and the optimal furnace top pressure data, seeking N groups of data downwards and upwards to form two groups of series, and combining the two groups of series to obtain a combined value of the optimal gas utilization rate;
fourth, oxygen enrichment rate adjustment, namely determining the minimum threshold requirements of wind speed and blast kinetic energy of the blast furnace according to the current furnace type, continuously reducing the blast furnace inlet air quantity to be close to the minimum threshold requirements within the range not lower than the minimum threshold, monitoring the change of a gas utilization rate curve, and searching for obtaining the optimal blast furnace inlet air quantity;
and fifthly, selecting a reasonable slagging system, controlling the actual final alkalinity to be 1.2-1.25, and strictly controlling the magnesium-aluminum ratio to be not lower than 0.50.
And step six, optimizing an upper charging system, adopting a platform and funnel type charging system, forming a platform with a certain width on the edge area of the furnace burden, forming a funnel with a certain taper on the central area, and forming an inverted V-shaped soft melting zone and an inverted V-shaped gas flow.
Further, the optimization process of the upper charging system is as follows:
the large angle of the ore coke is lifted by 0.5 degrees and the shrinkage angle difference is 0.5 degrees, and the open center adjustment measures are as follows: the central focal angle is reduced to 14 degrees, and the central focal circle is increased to 5 circles; the central air flow of the blast furnace is gradually opened to the edge air flow stability through the adjustment of a distribution system.
Further, the oxygen enrichment rate adjusting process comprises the following steps: the oxygen enrichment rate of the blast furnace is increased from 4% to 6%, and the oxygen enrichment rate is increased from 4500m 3 The rate of increase of/h to 15000m 3 /h。
Further, the obtaining the optimal roof pressure is specifically: on the premise of the same batching structure, the material distribution system and the ore batch, the change of the gas utilization rate curve is monitored by adjusting different furnace top pressures, the test result shows that the furnace top pressure is increased from 246kPa to 255kPa, the gas utilization rate is compared, and the optimal top pressure data is obtained on the premise of unchanged other parameters.
Compared with the prior art, the high-efficiency utilization method of the blast furnace gas can improve the utilization rate of the gas, so that the distribution of the gas flow in the furnace is more reasonable, and the chemical energy and the heat energy of the gas are more fully utilized, thereby reducing the ironmaking fuel ratio of the blast furnace, improving the utilization rate of the gas to more than 44.5 percent and reducing the fuel ratio by 5kg/t.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the invention for testing gas utilization rate of different batches of ore charged into a furnace.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the invention for testing gas utilization rate at different pressures at the furnace roof.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
the blast furnace gas high efficiency utilization method as shown in figures 1 and 2,
the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, obtaining the optimal furnace charging batch weight, and searching the optimal furnace charging batch weight of the blast furnace according to the current furnace type and raw fuel conditions, wherein the optimal furnace charging batch weight comprises the following concrete steps: through the test of different ore batches fed into the furnace, the change of the gas utilization rate curve is monitored, and the most suitable ore batch is found out; searching the optimal charging batch weight of the blast furnace according to the current furnace type and raw fuel conditions, researching and testing the influence of the ore batch on the gas utilization rate, searching the most suitable ore batch, gradually expanding the ore batch on the premise of the same furnace top pressure, burdening structure and material distribution system, monitoring the change of a gas utilization rate curve, and comparing the gas utilization rates under different ore batches, wherein the gas utilization rate reaches up to 45.87% at 46t under the premise of unchanged other parameters; experimental results show that under the premise of unchanged other parameters, the utilization rate of blast furnace gas can be increased by gradually expanding the ore batch, but when the ore batch is expanded to a certain degree, the utilization rate of the gas reaches a peak value, and after the peak value is reached, the ore batch is expanded, and the utilization rate of the gas gradually falls after reaching a certain peak value; the distribution of the burden in the furnace throat is greatly affected by the batch weight, the batch weight is too small, the burden is unevenly distributed, and the burden is small to a certain extent, so that the edge and the center are free of ores; the batch weight is increased, the edges are loosened relative to the weight center, the air window of the soft melting belt is increased, the interface effect of the material column is reduced, and the air permeability of the material column is improved; according to the current furnace type and raw fuel conditions, searching the optimal charging batch weight of the blast furnace, and considering the center and loose air flow, improving the gas utilization; meanwhile, as the coke batch and the coke window are increased, the air permeability of the soft melting belt is increased, which is beneficial to improving the air permeability of the material column; in addition, the feeding capacity conforming to the blast furnace feeding equipment can be found, and the equipment operation efficiency is improved;
secondly, obtaining the optimal furnace top pressure, determining the highest safe top pressure of the blast furnace according to the current furnace type, and searching the optimal furnace top pressure within a safe threshold range, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: monitoring the change of the gas utilization rate curve by adjusting different furnace top pressures, and finding out the most suitable furnace top pressure; the influence of the top pressure on the gas utilization rate is researched and tested, and an optimal top pressure value is found, as shown in fig. 2, on the premise of the same batching structure, distribution system and mine batch, the change of a gas utilization rate curve is monitored by adjusting different top pressures, and experimental results show that the top pressure is increased from 246kPa to 255kPa to compare the gas utilization rate, and on the premise of the unchanged other parameters, the gas utilization rate reaches the highest 44.67% when 252KPa is set by the top pressure; the method reduces the flow rate of the gas by increasing the pressure of the furnace top, prolongs the residence time of the gas in the furnace, and further improves the utilization rate of the gas;
thirdly, carrying out joint adjustment on the furnace charging batch weight and the furnace top pressure, taking the two groups of data as reference values after obtaining the optimal furnace charging batch weight and the optimal furnace top pressure data, seeking N groups of data downwards and upwards to form two groups of series, and combining the two groups of series to obtain a combined value of the optimal gas utilization rate;
fourth, the oxygen enrichment rate is adjusted, the minimum threshold requirements of the wind speed and the blast kinetic energy of the blast furnace are determined according to the current furnace type, the blast furnace inlet air quantity is continuously reduced to be close to the minimum threshold requirements of the wind speed and the blast kinetic energy, the blast furnace inlet air quantity is reduced, the oxygen enrichment rate is increased, the proper furnace belly gas index can be controlled, the requirement of the gas permeability K value is met, the smooth running of the furnace condition can be ensured, and the gas utilization rate is improved; the oxygen enrichment rate of the early-stage blast furnace is increased to 6% at a level near 4%, the actual oxygen enrichment amount is increased to 15000 m/h from 4500 m/h through a test, the theoretical combustion temperature in front of the tuyere is increased by about 150 ℃ along with the increase of the oxygen enrichment rate, and the operation flow adjustment under the condition of high oxygen enrichment is obtained; during operation, the wind speed is maintained at 250-270 m/s, the air supply ratio is increased to 1.83, so that the initial gas flow can be fully deep into the center, and the activity of a hearth is ensured;
fifthly, selecting a reasonable slag making system, controlling the slag alkalinity to be 1.2-1.25, so as to achieve a sufficient hearth temperature, thereby being beneficial to coal powder combustion, improving the quality of molten iron, promoting the forward running of a blast furnace, ensuring that qualified molten iron and hearth are smelted with sufficient heat, ensuring proper slag stability and fluidity, strictly controlling the magnesium-aluminum ratio to be not lower than 0.50, reducing the viscosity of slag and ensuring the fluidity;
step six, optimizing an upper charging system, namely forming a platform with a certain width on the edge area of the furnace burden by adopting a platform and funnel type charging system, and forming a funnel with a certain taper on the central area of the furnace burden to form an inverted V-shaped soft melting zone and an inverted V-shaped gas flow; the optimization process of the upper charging system is as follows: the large angle of the ore coke is lifted by 0.5 degrees and the shrinkage angle difference is 0.5 degrees, and the open center adjustment measures are as follows: the central focal angle is reduced to 14 degrees, and the central focal circle is increased to 5 circles; through the adjustment of a material distribution system, the central air flow of the blast furnace is gradually opened, and the edge air flow tends to be stable; and optimizing the lower air supply system, taking the activation hearth as the center, taking the high wind speed and the high kinetic energy as the power base of the activation hearth at the lower part, matching the charging system taking the center as the main part and taking the edge into consideration at the upper part, improving the gas utilization rate and reducing the fuel consumption.
The high-efficiency utilization method of the blast furnace gas can greatly reduce the acquisition cost of heat supply raw materials by reducing the fuel ratio of the blast furnace ironmaking, and secondly, waste gas and waste water generated by heating the blast furnace ironmaking have very adverse effects on the environment, the reduction of fuel use can reduce the output of pollutants to a certain extent, the environmental protection can play a certain positive role, and simultaneously the treatment cost of enterprises on wastes can also be reduced.
The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all changes and modifications that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the structures, features and principles of the invention are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (5)
1. A blast furnace gas high-efficiency utilization method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, obtaining the optimal furnace charging batch weight, and searching the optimal furnace charging batch weight of the blast furnace according to the current furnace type and raw fuel conditions, wherein the optimal furnace charging batch weight comprises the following concrete steps: through the test of different ore batches fed into the furnace, the change of the gas utilization rate curve is monitored, and the most suitable ore batch is found out;
secondly, obtaining the optimal furnace top pressure, determining the highest safe top pressure of the blast furnace according to the current furnace type, and searching the optimal furnace top pressure within a safe threshold range, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: monitoring the change of the gas utilization rate curve by adjusting different furnace top pressures, and finding out the most suitable furnace top pressure;
thirdly, carrying out joint adjustment on the furnace charging batch weight and the furnace top pressure, taking the two groups of data as reference values after obtaining the optimal furnace charging batch weight and the optimal furnace top pressure data, seeking N groups of data downwards and upwards to form two groups of series, and combining the two groups of series to obtain a combined value of the optimal gas utilization rate;
fourth, oxygen enrichment rate adjustment, namely determining the minimum threshold requirements of wind speed and blast kinetic energy of the blast furnace according to the current furnace type, continuously reducing the blast furnace inlet air quantity to be close to the minimum threshold requirements within the range not lower than the minimum threshold, monitoring the change of a gas utilization rate curve, and searching for obtaining the optimal blast furnace inlet air quantity;
and fifthly, selecting a reasonable slagging system, controlling the actual final alkalinity to be 1.2-1.25, and strictly controlling the magnesium-aluminum ratio to be not lower than 0.50.
2. And step six, optimizing an upper charging system, adopting a platform and funnel type charging system, forming a platform with a certain width on the edge area of the furnace burden, forming a funnel with a certain taper on the central area, and forming an inverted V-shaped soft melting zone and an inverted V-shaped gas flow.
3. The blast furnace gas efficient use method according to claim 1, wherein: the optimization process of the upper charging system is as follows:
the large angle of the ore coke is lifted by 0.5 degrees and the shrinkage angle difference is 0.5 degrees, and the open center adjustment measures are as follows: the central focal angle is reduced to 14 degrees, and the central focal circle is increased to 5 circles; the central air flow of the blast furnace is gradually opened to the edge air flow stability through the adjustment of a distribution system.
4. The blast furnace gas efficient use method according to claim 1, wherein: the oxygen enrichment rate adjusting process comprises the following steps: the oxygen enrichment rate of the blast furnace is increased from 4% to 6%, and the oxygen enrichment rate is increased from 4500m 3 The rate of increase of/h to 15000m 3 /h。
5. The blast furnace gas efficient use method according to claim 1, wherein: the method for obtaining the optimal furnace top pressure comprises the following steps: on the premise of the same batching structure, the material distribution system and the ore batch, the change of the gas utilization rate curve is monitored by adjusting different furnace top pressures, the test result shows that the furnace top pressure is increased from 246kPa to 255kPa, the gas utilization rate is compared, and the optimal top pressure data is obtained on the premise of unchanged other parameters.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE8605226D0 (en) * | 1986-12-05 | 1986-12-05 | Nonox Eng Ab | SYNTES GAS FROM THE MASUGN |
| CN101684944A (en) * | 2008-09-28 | 2010-03-31 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Self-optimizing combustion control method of blast-furnace hot blast stove |
| JP2011246757A (en) * | 2010-05-26 | 2011-12-08 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Method for operating blast furnace |
| CN109242345A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2019-01-18 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | A kind of determination method of charge weight during blast furnace material distribution |
| CN112926820A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-06-08 | 武钢集团昆明钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for diagnosing blast furnace gas flow and improving smelting technical index |
-
2023
- 2023-05-29 CN CN202310617058.XA patent/CN116445671A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE8605226D0 (en) * | 1986-12-05 | 1986-12-05 | Nonox Eng Ab | SYNTES GAS FROM THE MASUGN |
| CN101684944A (en) * | 2008-09-28 | 2010-03-31 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Self-optimizing combustion control method of blast-furnace hot blast stove |
| JP2011246757A (en) * | 2010-05-26 | 2011-12-08 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Method for operating blast furnace |
| CN109242345A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2019-01-18 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | A kind of determination method of charge weight during blast furnace material distribution |
| CN112926820A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-06-08 | 武钢集团昆明钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for diagnosing blast furnace gas flow and improving smelting technical index |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 朱所成;: "酒钢2号高炉装料制度优化实践", 甘肃冶金, no. 06, 15 December 2015 (2015-12-15), pages 12 - 15 * |
| 汤登军;: "莱钢3200m~3高炉提高煤气利用率降低燃料比实践", 山东冶金, no. 02, 20 April 2013 (2013-04-20), pages 1 - 3 * |
| 解永刚;: "唐钢2000m~3高炉强化冶炼实践", 河北冶金, no. 08, 28 August 2012 (2012-08-28) * |
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