CN1216154C - Blast furnace iron-making technique with hydrogen-rich fuel gas, pure oxygen and thus high efficiency and low CO2 exhaust - Google Patents
Blast furnace iron-making technique with hydrogen-rich fuel gas, pure oxygen and thus high efficiency and low CO2 exhaust Download PDFInfo
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- CN1216154C CN1216154C CN031319955A CN03131995A CN1216154C CN 1216154 C CN1216154 C CN 1216154C CN 031319955 A CN031319955 A CN 031319955A CN 03131995 A CN03131995 A CN 03131995A CN 1216154 C CN1216154 C CN 1216154C
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Abstract
The present invention provides a hydrogen-enriched combustible gas pure oxygen blast furnace ironmaking process of high efficiency and low CO2 discharge, which comprises: hydrogen-enriched combustible gas (natural gas or coke-oven gas) is sprayed and blown at a blast furnace twyer, and the blowing amount is from 500 to 1000m3 in each ton of iron; pure oxygen is used for blasting at normal temperature, and a hot air furnace of a traditional blast furnace is canceled; the content of H2 in bosh gas can achieve or exceed 30% to 60%, and the rest is CO; the content of the CO and the H2 in top gas is from 85 to 95%, and the theoretical combustion temperature can be flexibly controlled to be from 1800 to 2200 DEG C. The ironmaking process can cause the coke ratio of the blast furnace to be reduced below 250kg in each ton of the iron, the exhaust amount of CO2 can reduce 400 to 600kg/ in each ton of the iron, and yielded high heating value gas can be used as a secondary energy source.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to a blast furnace ironmaking process, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency low-CO blast furnace ironmaking process2Discharge richA hydrogen-gas pure-oxygen blast furnace ironmaking process.
Background art:
CO2is one of the gases causing the greenhouse effect, and the iron and steel enterprises are CO2Large house of emissions, in which the blast furnace is CO in the steel industry2Is mainly generated. In the traditional blast furnace iron-making process, coke is generally used as a main fuel (the coke ratio is 400 plus one ton of iron) and pulverized coal is injected in an auxiliary mode to reduce the coke ratio (the coal ratio is 0-150kg per ton of iron), hot air is blown at an air port (the air temperature is 1000 plus one ton of iron), a small amount of oxygen is enriched in the air, the oxygen enrichment rate is generally 0-5%, and the discharged blast furnace gas has a certain heat value (3000 plus one ton of iron 4500 kJ/m)3) But the calorific value is not high, and the coal gas is generally mixed with coke oven gas to be used for burning hot blast stoves. The coke or coal powder added into the blast furnace is finally mixed with CO2The emission amount is about 1400 kg/ton of iron, and the emission amount accounts for CO per ton of steel in the steel industry2More than half of the discharge amount. At present, in the metallurgical industry at home and abroad, the total energy consumption of the working procedures is mainly reduced to reduce the CO of the blast furnace2Emission, but not change the fuel structure of the blast furnace, only by the improvement of the process and the equipment to reduce CO2Is very limited.
The iron-making process concerned by the domestic and foreign metallurgical industry also comprises a total oxygen blast furnace. Blast furnace total oxygen blast or with high oxygen concentration (with O)2More than 40%) to promote the combustion of a large amount of coal powder, and can raise the coal injection quantity to over 300 kg/ton of iron under the condition of high conversion ratio, so that the coke ratio is greatly reduced, and the coal powder consumption exceeds the coke consumption to become the main energy source for blast furnace ironmaking, and it is a smelting process between melting reduction and traditional blast furnace process. The total oxygen blast furnace has two technical problems to be solved, namely insufficient heat at the upper part of the blast furnace and overhigh temperature of a tuyere, and the method for solving the problems mainly comprises the following steps: the method of adopting a tuyere to spray a coolant to adjust down heat, solving the problem of cooling up by spraying coal gas on a furnace body, and providing a total oxygen blast furnace process with the functions of removing carbon dioxide from the coal gas, heating and spraying the furnace body, but the complex process and equipment investment become an obstacle for developing the oxygen coal furnace process. The research of the total oxygen blast furnace process without blowing and purifying coal gas of the furnace body is carried out in 90 s, and the furnace body blowing is cancelledAfter the gas is blown, a 'high oxygen-rich' large-blowing blast furnace appears, furnace top gas is circularly blown to the total-oxygen blast furnace, and some regulating measures are accompanied by blowing water vapor or heating and blowing gas at a tuyere and the like. In a word, the blastfurnace process with oxygen enrichment and total oxygen is an iron-making process taking coal as main energy, and the carbon dioxide emission of the blast furnace is difficult to be effectively reduced.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a high-efficiency low-CO2A blast furnace ironmaking process discharging hydrogen-rich fuel gas and pure oxygen. Aiming at the purposes, the blast furnace ironmaking process provided by the invention mainly comprises the following technical contents: injecting hydrogen-rich gas at the blast furnace tuyere, wherein the hydrogen-rich gas can be natural gas or coke oven gas, and the injection amount is 500-3Per ton of iron; pure oxygen blast is adopted at normal temperature; h in furnace gas230-60% of the total weight of the composition, and the balance of CO; the coke ratio of the blast furnace is reduced to below 250 kg/ton iron; CO + H in top gas2The content is 85-95%; the theoretical combustion temperature is controlled at 1800-2200 ℃; blast furnace CO2The discharge amount is reduced by 400-600 kg/ton iron.
The schematic diagram of the ironmaking process is shown in the attached figure 1 of the specification.
Injecting hydrogen-rich gas (natural gas or coke oven gas) into a blast furnace tuyere, firstly cracking the natural gas or coke oven gas in the tuyere area of the blast furnace, and carrying out combustion reaction with oxygen:
if water is present, there is water gas reactionIt should happen that:
the reaction produces reducing gases CO and H2. Because the blast is pure oxygen, the furnace gas is mainly CO and H2In which H is2The content can reach or be higher than 30-60%, and the volume of the coal gas in the furnace cavity is not greatly increased compared with that of the traditional blast furnace; the theoretical combustion temperature is reduced because the cracking of the hydrogen-rich gas in the air inlet area needs to absorb partial heat, but the theoretical combustion temperature can be controlled by adjusting parameters such as comprehensive coke ratio, the injection amount of the hydrogen-rich gas, the blast humidity and the like, so that the theoretical combustion temperature is in the range of 1800 plus one minus one plus. Although the quality of the molten iron is reduced compared with the traditional blast furnace, the production of the blast furnace and the quality of the molten iron are not influenced.
Because the concentration of the reducing gas in the blast furnace is high, the ore is added with CO and H2Reduction reaction occurs:
CO reduction:
indirect reduction:
direct reduction:
H2reduction:
under the condition of high-hydrogen-content coal gas, hydrogen can participate in the reduction process of ores in a large amount, the reduction of iron ores in the blast furnace is greatly enhanced, and the ores are fully reduced in the blast furnace quickly.
The ironmaking process provided by the invention has the advantages that:
1. the smelting effect comparison shows that the process has the distinct characteristics that:
(1) the coke ratio can be greatly reduced;
(2) compared with a total oxygen blast furnace, the technology of injecting natural gas is adopted, so that the contradiction that the theoretical combustion temperature of the tuyere of the pure oxygen blast furnace is too high and the quantity of coal gas of the blast furnace is slightly less and the heat quantity on the upper part of the blast furnace is insufficient is effectively solved. The theoretical combustion temperature of the tuyere can be adjusted more flexibly, the gas quantity is sufficient, and compared with the traditional blast furnace, the theoretical combustion temperature of the tuyere has no great difference in the aspect.
(3) As the hydrogen content in the coal gas in the furnace exceeds 30-60%, the smelting efficiency of the blast furnace is greatly improved, and the utilization coefficient of the blast furnace can be further improved. The output of the blast furnace with the samevolume can be greatly improved.
2. The high-efficiency low-coke ratio hydrogen-rich pure oxygen blast furnace process can reduce CO2And (5) discharging.
In the process provided by the invention, because high-concentration hydrogen participates in the reaction and the heating of a hot blast stove is cancelled, the emission of carbon dioxide in the blast furnace smelting process is effectively reduced.
Taking example 1 (coke ratio: 220 kg/ton iron, coal ratio 154 kg/ton iron): in the process, hydrogen participates in reduction to replace carbon: 138 kg/ton iron; reduced CO emissions2：257m3Per ton of iron (about 505kg per ton of iron).
3. From the aspect of economic competitiveness, the high-efficiency low-coke ratio hydrogen-rich pure oxygen blast furnace process has good resource utilization compatibility
Furnace top gas CO + H generated by high-efficiency low-coke-ratio hydrogen-rich pure oxygen blast furnace2Content of 85-95%, H2The content of the coal gas is about 50 percent of the top gas, and the heat value reaches 10000kJ/m3The above. The high-calorific-value coal gas can be used as a secondary energy source or a raw material of a chemical plant. The attached figure 2 of the specification is that natural gas (coke oven gas) is used for a high-efficiency low-coke-ratio hydrogen-rich pure oxygen blast furnace ironmaking process and the original purposeThe process is compared with the schematic diagram, and the process can be seen in fact that the full utilization of hydrogen-rich fuel gas such as natural gas, coke oven gas and the like is considered from a larger range from the perspective of improving the efficiency of the metallurgical process, the coke coal resource is saved, the production efficiency of the blast furnace is improved, and the resource utilization and the control of greenhouse gas emission are comprehensively considered from a source and in a larger range.
4. The traditional hot blast stove is cancelled, the flow is simplified, and the equipment investment is reduced
Because the process blows pure oxygen at normal temperature, a hot blast stove in the traditional iron making process is omitted, the process is simplified, and the investment of equipment is reduced.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a blast furnace ironmaking process using hydrogen-rich fuel gas and pure oxygen.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram comparing a conventional application mode and a comprehensive utilization mode of the hydrogen rich fuel gas.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
example 1:
at a certain 350m3The blast furnace tuyere blows natural gas and coal powder, and blows pure oxygen, and the production index is as follows:
the natural gas injection amount is as follows: 800m3Ton iron (i.e. 574 kg/ton iron)
Coke ratio: 220 kg/ton iron
Coal ratio: 154 kg/ton iron
Amount of pure oxygen consumed: 612m3Ton iron (874 kg/ton iron)
The coal gas composition of the furnace chamber: h2：57％；CO：43％
Theoretical combustion temperature: 2006 deg.C
The components of the top gas: CO: 37 percent; CO 22：10.2％；H2：52.5％；N2：0.26％；S：0.05％
The amount of the top gas: 2607m3Ton iron (amounting to 1869 kg/ton iron)
Example 2:
at a certain 350m3The blast furnace tuyere blows natural gas, coke oven gas and coal powder and blows pure oxygen, and the production index is as follows:
the natural gas injection amount is as follows: 500m3Ton iron (i.e. 359 kg/ton iron)
Coke oven gas injection amount: 270m3Ton iron (i.e. 103 kg/ton iron)
Coke ratio: 200 kg/ton iron
Coal ratio: 160 kg/ton iron
Amount of pure oxygen consumed: 500m3Ton iron (i.e. 715 kg/ton iron)
Gas composition of furnace bosh, H2：57.2％；CO：42.8％
Theoretical combustion temperature: 2149 deg.C
The components of the top gas: CO: 35.3 percent; CO 22：12.7％；H2：51.6％；N2：0.33％；S：0.06％
The amount of the top gas: 2130m3Ton iron (converted 1589 kg/ton iron)
Claims (1)
1. High-efficiency low CO2The blast furnace iron-making process of discharging hydrogen-rich fuel gas pure oxygen is characterized in that: injecting hydrogen-rich gas at the blast furnace tuyere, wherein the hydrogen-rich gas is natural gas or coke oven gas, and the injection amount is 500-3Per ton of iron; blowing by adopting pure oxygen at normal temperature; h in furnace gas230-60 percent of the total weight, and the balance of CO; the theoretical combustion temperatureis controlled at 1800-2200 ℃; the coke ratio of the blast furnace is reduced to below 250 kg/ton iron.
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| CN031319955A CN1216154C (en) | 2003-06-23 | 2003-06-23 | Blast furnace iron-making technique with hydrogen-rich fuel gas, pure oxygen and thus high efficiency and low CO2 exhaust |
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| CN031319955A CN1216154C (en) | 2003-06-23 | 2003-06-23 | Blast furnace iron-making technique with hydrogen-rich fuel gas, pure oxygen and thus high efficiency and low CO2 exhaust |
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