CN103667743A - Treatment method of laterite-nickel ore - Google Patents
Treatment method of laterite-nickel ore Download PDFInfo
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- CN103667743A CN103667743A CN201310422348.5A CN201310422348A CN103667743A CN 103667743 A CN103667743 A CN 103667743A CN 201310422348 A CN201310422348 A CN 201310422348A CN 103667743 A CN103667743 A CN 103667743A
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- laterite
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 257
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 174
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
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- UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni] UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
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- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
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- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a treatment method of laterite-nickel ore. The method comprises the following steps: pelleting laterite-nickel ore, a reducer and additives to obtain laterite-nickel ore pellets; carrying out reducing roasting on the laterite-nickel ore pellets in a heat-accumulation rotary hearth furnace to obtain metalized pellets; carrying out crushing and dry magnetic separation on the metalized pellets to obtain nickel iron granules and first tailings; and carrying out wet grinding and wet magnetic separation on the first tailings to obtain nickel iron powder and second tailings, wherein the reducer is carbon black prepared from rubber. The method can be effectively utilized to prepare the nickel iron product.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metallurgy. In particular, the invention relates to a laterite-nickel ore treatment method.
Background
Nickel is an important nonferrous metal and is mainly smelted from laterite nickel ore and nickel sulfide ore. At present, smelting processes of laterite nickel ore are roughly divided into three types, namely a pyromethod, a wet method and a combination of the pyromethod and the wet method. The pyrogenic process has the advantages of short flow, high efficiency and the like, but has high energy consumption. The wet process is lower in cost than the fire process, but the treatment process is complex, the flow is long, and the requirements of process conditions on equipment are high. The fire-wet method has complex process, long flow, high energy consumption and serious environmental pollution.
Therefore, the existing laterite nickel ore treatment method still needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a method for effectively treating the laterite-nickel ore.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises: preparing laterite-nickel ore, a reducing agent and an additive into pellets so as to obtain laterite-nickel ore pellets; reducing and roasting the laterite-nickel ore pellets in a heat accumulating type rotary hearth furnace so as to obtain metallized pellets; crushing and dry magnetic separation are carried out on the metallized pellets so as to obtain nickel iron particles and first tailings; and carrying out wet grinding and wet magnetic separation on the first tailings to obtain ferronickel powder and second tailings. Wherein the reducing agent is carbon black prepared from rubber. Therefore, the laterite-nickel ore treatment method provided by the embodiment of the invention can be used for effectively treating laterite-nickel ore, so as to prepare ferronickel powder. In addition, the waste rubber is reasonably utilized, the environmental pollution is avoided, the contradiction that the laterite-nickel ore smelting process seriously depends on coal and gas resources and the increasing shortage of coal and gas resources and the contradiction between the higher environmental protection requirement and the environment pollution caused by the waste rubber are solved at one stroke, and the better comprehensive benefit is obtained.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the laterite-nickel ore processing method can also have the following additional technical characteristics:
according to one embodiment of the invention, the carbon black is obtained by: rubber is pyrolyzed at 300-900 ℃ for 10-90 min so as to obtain carbon black, combustible gas and tar. Therefore, waste materials can be changed into valuable materials, and carbon black, combustible gas and tar can be effectively prepared by utilizing the waste rubber which is usually wasted and is difficult to treat, so that the nickel-iron powder can be further effectively prepared by utilizing the carbon black, the combustible gas and the tar. In addition, the waste rubber is reasonably utilized, so that the environmental pollution is avoided, and the comprehensive treatment efficiency is favorably improved.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises crushing the carbon black obtained by pyrolysis to the particle size of 1-4 mm. Therefore, the carbon black can be used as a reducing agent, the reduction effect of the laterite-nickel ore is improved, the energy consumption is reduced, and the production cost is reduced.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the combustible gas and tar are used as fuel for reduction roasting. Therefore, the problem that the traditional process depends on coal and natural gas seriously is solved, and energy sources are widened, so that the production cost is reduced.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the carbon black is used in an amount of 3 to 30 parts by weight and the additive is used in an amount of 0 to 20 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the lateritic nickel ore. Therefore, under the condition of the raw material proportioning, the ferronickel in the laterite-nickel ore can be efficiently reduced to prepare high-grade ferronickel.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the additive is at least one selected from quicklime, limestone, dolomite, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, ferrous oxide, and fluorite. This can further improve the efficiency of the integrated processing.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the reduction roasting is performed at 1400-1600 ℃ for 30-120 min. Therefore, the laterite-nickel ore can be effectively reduced into nickel-iron particles in one step, the efficiency of reducing and roasting the laterite-nickel ore is improved, and the ferronickel powder can be further effectively prepared.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the amount of carbon black is 8 parts by weight and the amount of additives is 16 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of lateritic nickel ore, and the reduction roasting is performed at 1570 ℃ for 110 min.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the amount of carbon black is 11 parts by weight and the amount of additives is 11 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of lateritic nickel ore, and the reduction roasting is performed at 1520 ℃ for 70 min.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the carbon black is used in an amount of 30 parts by weight and the additive is used in an amount of 20 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the lateritic nickel ore, and the reduction roasting is performed at 1470 ℃ for 50 min.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the regenerative rotary hearth furnace is provided with at least one regenerative burner. Therefore, the fuel can be combusted in an oxygen-deficient state, the reducing atmosphere in the rotary hearth furnace is well controlled, the reducing efficiency is improved, the reducing time is shortened, the energy consumption is reduced, the production cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the emission of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides is greatly reduced due to the adoption of low-oxygen combustion. In addition, the uniformity of temperature distribution in the hearth of the rotary hearth furnace can be improved, and the direct reduction reaction is facilitated.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the nickel grade of the laterite-nickel ore is greater than 0.6 wt%. Therefore, the laterite-nickel ore can be effectively processed by the laterite-nickel ore processing method according to the embodiment of the invention, and ferronickel powder is prepared.
According to one embodiment of the invention, subjecting the first tailings to wet grinding and wet magnetic separation further comprises: performing one-stage or two-stage ore grinding by adopting at least one of a wet ball mill and a rod mill; and carrying out one-stage or two-stage magnetic separation by adopting a magnetic separator. Therefore, the recovery rate of nickel can be effectively improved, slag and iron can be well separated, high-quality nickel iron particles are obtained, and electric furnace melting or non-electric furnace melting processes in other processes are omitted.
According to an embodiment of the invention, further comprising melting said ferronickel powder so as to obtain ferronickel. Thereby, a high-quality nickel-iron alloy can be obtained.
According to an embodiment of the invention, further comprising using the second tailings for making a building material. Therefore, the second tailings are used for preparing the building materials, waste is turned into wealth, economic value can be created, the tailings can be prevented from polluting the environment, and good comprehensive treatment benefits are obtained.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the building material is at least one selected from the group consisting of cast stone, glass ceramics, a filler, a cement, and an artificial fish reef. Therefore, economic value can be created, and the application of the product prepared by the laterite nickel ore treatment method provided by the embodiment of the invention is further widened.
According to the method for treating the laterite-nickel ore, at least one of the following advantages can be realized:
1. according to the method for treating the laterite-nickel ore, the laterite-nickel ore can be treated by comprehensively utilizing the waste rubber. Carbon black, combustible gas and tar obtained by pyrolyzing the waste rubber are all utilized, and the reutilization of the waste rubber and the zero emission of solid waste are realized. The carbon black product obtained by pyrolyzing the waste rubber is used as internal carbon of the laterite-nickel ore, and has the function of serving as a reducing agent and fuel in the direct reduction process of the rotary hearth furnace. Combustible gas and tar products produced by pyrolysis of waste rubber are used as fuels in a drying link and a direct reduction link of a rotary hearth furnace in a system, so that the production cost is reduced;
2. according to the method for treating the laterite-nickel ore, the laterite-nickel ore can be subjected to one-step production of high-quality ferronickel particles or ferronickel alloy by adopting a rotary hearth furnace direct reduction technology. The laterite-nickel ore is pretreated and then directly reduced in a rotary hearth furnace, the metallized pellets obtained by reduction are simply crushed, and then the nickel-iron particles and slag can be well separated through dry magnetic separation to obtain high-quality nickel-iron particles, so that electric furnace melting or non-electric furnace melting processes in other processes are omitted, the investment cost is reduced, and the process is energy-saving and efficient. And whether wet grinding separation is carried out on the tailings subjected to dry magnetic separation is selected according to the properties of the original laterite-nickel ore so as to improve the recovery rate of nickel. According to the laterite-nickel ore treatment method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the process is simple, and the daily treatment capacity is large, so that the laterite-nickel ore treatment method is suitable for large-scale batch production;
3. according to the method for treating the laterite-nickel ore, the heat accumulating type combustion technology is adopted, combustible gas and tar generated by pyrolysis of waste rubber can be fully utilized, and one-step reduction of the laterite-nickel ore is realized. The waste rubber is pyrolyzed to obtain carbon black, combustible gas, tar and the like as fuels, the reduction temperature of a rotary hearth furnace can reach 1400-1600 ℃, and the laterite-nickel ore can be reduced into nickel-iron particles in one step. The regenerative combustion technology can enable the fuel to be combusted in an oxygen-poor state, well controls the reducing atmosphere in the rotary hearth furnace, has high reducing efficiency and short reducing time, and greatly reduces the emission of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide due to the adoption of low-oxygen combustion, thereby being beneficial to environmental protection. The combustion accurate control of the technology can also improve the temperature distribution uniformity in the hearth of the rotary hearth furnace, and is beneficial to the direct reduction reaction. In addition, the technology improves the heat efficiency of the rotary hearth furnace, and the energy consumption is reduced by more than 30 percent compared with the common rotary hearth furnace;
4. according to the method for treating the laterite-nickel ore, compared with the traditional process for smelting ferronickel by using a blast furnace and a blast furnace, the method solves the problems of high energy consumption, high pollution and the like. Compared with a rotary kiln-electric furnace process (RKEF), the rotary kiln ring formation is avoided, a large amount of expensive electric energy is not consumed, the temperature of the rotary hearth furnace is controllable to be higher, metal is easier to aggregate and grow up and is easier to separate from slag, and nickel iron particles can be directly produced in one step;
5. according to the method for treating the laterite-nickel ore, the invention obtains better comprehensive benefits. Can not only produce high-quality ferronickel, but also prepare building materials from tailings, thereby creating economic value and being beneficial to environmental protection.
6. According to the method for treating the laterite-nickel ore, the energy source for treating the laterite-nickel ore is widened, the production cost is reduced, the product quality and the production efficiency are improved, the problem of environmental pollution caused by waste rubber can be solved, the zero emission of solid waste in the laterite-nickel ore smelting process can be realized, the clean production and the sustainable development are realized, the finally obtained tailings are used for preparing building materials, and the zero emission of the solid waste in the whole process flow is finally realized.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a lateritic nickel ore treatment process according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of a lateritic nickel ore treatment method according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The invention provides a laterite-nickel ore processing method, which can comprise the following steps according to an embodiment of the invention with reference to the attached drawing 1:
s100: ball making
According to an embodiment of the invention, in this step, laterite-nickel ore, carbon black and additives are made into pellets so as to obtain laterite-nickel ore pellets.
The traditional smelting process of the laterite-nickel ore is roughly divided into three types of pyrometallurgy, wet process and combination of pyrometallurgy and wet process, the inventor of the invention finds that the laterite-nickel ore has very complex components and contains a plurality of impurity elements, such as calcium, magnesium, aluminum, chromium, silicon, sulfur and the like, so that a plurality of chemical reagents are often used when the laterite-nickel ore is treated by the hydrometallurgy process, and a plurality of chemical reactions are needed, and the impurity elements also participate in the related chemical reactions, thereby causing adverse effects on the treatment of the laterite-nickel ore, if the pyrometallurgy process is directly adopted, the ore is generally dried to remove all free water and combined water in the ore, then the ore is subjected to reduction roasting treatment, and then an electric furnace melting or non-electric furnace melting process is adopted, and the treatment processes all need to consume a large amount of fuel (such as coal, electricity, natural gas and the like), the environmental pollution is serious, and the production cost is high. Therefore, there is actually no effective method for effectively treating laterite-nickel ore at present. The inventor of the invention finds that laterite-nickel ore can be effectively treated by the method of the invention to prepare ferronickel powder or ferronickel alloy.
According to embodiments of the present invention, the kind and composition of the lateritic nickel ore is not particularly limited. For example, according to some embodiments of the present invention, the nickel grade of lateritic nickel ores is greater than 0.6% by weight. Therefore, the laterite-nickel ore can be effectively treated by the laterite-nickel ore treatment method according to the embodiment of the invention, and ferronickel powder or ferronickel alloy can be prepared. The invention has wide range of processing laterite-nickel ore, and the nickel grade of the raw ore only needs to be more than 0.6 percent. Even if the raw ore with the nickel grade of only 0.67 percent is processed by the method, the ferronickel alloy with the nickel grade of 6.88 percent can be produced. The existing mainstream fire process for processing the laterite-nickel ore to produce ferronickel is only suitable for processing high-grade laterite-nickel ore with the nickel grade of more than 2 percent and is not suitable for processing laterite-nickel ore with the nickel grade of less than 1.5 percent.
The inventor finds in research that compared with the direct reduction treatment of the laterite-nickel ore, the reduction treatment after the laterite-nickel ore is made into pellets is beneficial to improving the reduction efficiency of the laterite-nickel ore in reduction equipment, and can further improve the effect of reducing and roasting the laterite-nickel ore.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the pelletizing means of the laterite-nickel ore pellets is not particularly limited. For example, according to some embodiments of the present invention, lateritic nickel ore, carbon black, additives are made into pellets in order to obtain lateritic nickel ore pellets. Therefore, the carbon black can be used as a reducing agent for reducing the laterite-nickel ore, and the additive can further improve the reduction effect of reducing and roasting the laterite-nickel ore.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the carbon black is crushed to a particle size of 1 to 4 mm. Therefore, the efficiency of reducing and roasting the laterite-nickel ore is further improved, the energy consumption is reduced, and the production cost is reduced.
In addition, the roller type high-pressure ball press or the disc pelletizer is adopted for pelletizing, so that the working efficiency is improved, and the large-batch production is facilitated.
In the field of metallurgical technology, energy consumption and energy sources are problematic. The metallurgical process needs to consume a large amount of energy, the energy source is extremely limited, the metallurgical process depends on coal and gas resources seriously, but the storage amount of the coal and gas resources is reduced day by day, the cost is increased continuously, and the development speed of the metallurgical industry is seriously restricted. On the other hand, however, the disposal of various industrial and domestic wastes has been a problem to be faced, especially for chemically crosslinked rubber, which is insoluble and not easily degradable due to its internal crosslinked network structure, and is difficult to dispose, rubber products have been widely used in every corner of our lives, and if these rubber products are not disposed properly after use, they cause resource waste and serious environmental pollution. Therefore, how to treat the waste rubber economically, effectively and environmentally becomes a focus problem with social significance. The invention makes creative progress on how to reasonably utilize the waste rubber, particularly on the aspect of treating the laterite-nickel ore by taking the waste rubber as an energy source.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the type of the rubber is not particularly limited, and may be waste rubber, for example, waste tires, cable sheaths, shoe bottom materials, rubber product scraps, trims, and the like.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the waste rubber is pyrolyzed at 300-900 ℃ for 10-90 min so as to obtain carbon black, combustible gas and tar. Therefore, waste can be changed into valuable, carbon black, combustible gas and tar can be effectively prepared, and further, the carbon black, the combustible gas and the tar can be used for effectively preparing ferronickel, so that the source channel of energy is widened. In addition, the waste rubber is reasonably utilized, so that the environmental pollution is avoided, and good comprehensive treatment benefits are obtained.
According to embodiments of the present invention, the composition of the laterite-nickel ore pellets is not particularly limited. For example, according to some embodiments of the present invention, the carbon black is used in an amount of 3 to 30 parts by weight and the additive is used in an amount of 0 to 20 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the lateritic nickel ore. Therefore, under the condition of the proportioning range, nickel and iron in the laterite-nickel ore can be efficiently reduced, and thus ferronickel with different grades can be prepared.
According to still further embodiments of the present invention, the additive is at least one selected from quicklime, limestone, dolomite, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, ferrous oxide, and fluorite. Therefore, the reduction effect of the laterite-nickel ore can be further improved.
S200: reduction of
After the lateritic nickel ore is made into pellets, in this step, the pellets prepared in the step S1 are added to a reduction apparatus, so that metallized pellets can be made.
In the technical field of metallurgy, how to improve the reduction roasting efficiency and save energy consumption is an extremely important and difficult-to-solve technical problem. In order to effectively solve the problem, the invention creatively uses carbon black, combustible gas, tar and the like generated by the pyrolysis of waste rubber as fuels, so that the reduction temperature of the rotary hearth furnace can reach more than 1400 ℃, and the laterite-nickel ore can be reduced into nickel-iron particles in one step. According to the embodiment of the invention, the regenerative combustion technology is adopted, so that the fuel can be combusted in an oxygen-deficient state, the reducing atmosphere in the rotary hearth furnace is well controlled, the reducing efficiency is high, the reducing time is short, and the emission of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide is greatly reduced due to the adoption of low-oxygen combustion, thereby being beneficial to environmental protection. In addition, the combustion accurate control of the regenerative combustion technology can ensure that the temperature distribution in the hearth of the rotary hearth furnace is uniform, is beneficial to the direct reduction reaction and the improvement of the heat efficiency of the rotary hearth furnace, and reduces the energy consumption by more than 30 percent compared with the common rotary hearth furnace.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the means of reduction firing is not particularly limited, and any known apparatus and process may be employed. For example, according to some embodiments of the present invention, a regenerative rotary hearth furnace is provided with at least one regenerative burner. Therefore, the method is beneficial to improving the reduction roasting efficiency and reducing the energy consumption, thereby being beneficial to reducing the production cost. In addition, the reduction device is beneficial to improving daily throughput, thereby being suitable for industrialized large-scale production.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the process parameters of the reduction firing are not particularly limited, and may be determined by one skilled in the art as needed or through preliminary experiments. For example, according to some embodiments of the present invention, the reduction baking is performed at 1400-1600 ℃ for 30-120 min. Therefore, the laterite-nickel ore can be effectively reduced into ferronickel particles in one step, which is beneficial to improving the efficiency of reducing and roasting the laterite-nickel ore, so that ferronickel powder or ferronickel alloy can be further effectively prepared.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, the method for treating the laterite-nickel ore can be used for preparing nickel iron particles with different grades by controlling the ratio of the laterite-nickel ore to the reducing agent and the additive and controlling the reduction roasting condition. According to a specific example of the present invention, the reduction conditions may be that the reduction roasting is performed at 1570 ℃ for 110min, based on 100 parts by weight of the lateritic nickel ore, the amount of the carbon black is 8 parts by weight, the amount of the additive is 16 parts by weight. According to another specific example of the present invention, the reducing conditions may be that the reducing roasting is performed at 1520 ℃ for 70min, based on 100 parts by weight of the lateritic nickel ore, with the carbon black in an amount of 11 parts by weight, and the additive in an amount of 11 parts by weight. According to still another specific example of the present invention, the reducing conditions may be that the reducing roasting is performed at 1470 ℃ for 50min, the amount of the carbon black is 30 parts by weight, and the amount of the additive is 20 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the lateritic nickel ore. Therefore, in the process of reducing the laterite-nickel ore, the growth of nickel and iron in the reduction process is controlled by adjusting the process parameters such as the proportion of a reducing agent and an additive, the reduction temperature of a rotary hearth furnace, the reduction time and the like, so that reduced nickel and iron particles are easier to enrich, migrate and grow, and ferronickel particles with larger particle sizes can be obtained, therefore, the ferronickel particles and slag can be well separated by only simply crushing the metallized pellets obtained by reduction, the ferronickel particles with the nickel grade of 4-35% are obtained by dry magnetic separation, and the nickel recovery rate can reach 89.49%. The product quality and the production efficiency can be obviously improved, and the requirements of different industries on different grades of nickel iron particles can be met.
S300: separation of
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in this step, the metallized pellets prepared in step S2 are subjected to crushing and dry magnetic separation to separate nickel iron particles and first tailings, and then the first tailings are subjected to wet grinding and wet magnetic separation to separate nickel iron particles and second tailings.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the means of separation is not particularly limited. For example, according to some embodiments of the present invention, the metallized pellets obtained by reduction are first simply crushed and then separated from the slag by dry magnetic separation to obtain high-quality ferronickel particles. Therefore, the electric furnace melting and separating or non-electric furnace melting and separating process in other processes is omitted, the investment cost is reduced, and the energy-saving and high-efficiency effects are achieved.
During specific operation, whether wet grinding and separation are carried out on the tailings subjected to dry magnetic separation or not can be selected according to the properties of the original laterite-nickel ore so as to improve the recovery rate of nickel, and meanwhile, the finally obtained tailings can be used for preparing building materials, so that solid waste zero emission of the whole process flow is finally realized.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the first tailings can be further subjected to wet grinding and wet magnetic separation, one-stage or two-stage grinding by using at least one of a wet ball mill and a rod mill, and one-stage or two-stage magnetic separation by using a magnetic separator. Therefore, the recovery rate of nickel can be effectively improved, and high-quality ferronickel particles can be obtained.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the ferronickel powder can be further melted. Thereby, a high-quality nickel-iron alloy can be obtained.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, the kind of the product prepared using the second tailings is not particularly limited. For example, according to some embodiments of the invention, the second tailings are utilized to produce a building material, for example, according to still other embodiments of the invention, the building material is at least one selected from cast stone, microcrystalline glass, a filler material, a cementitious material, and an artificial fish reef. Therefore, waste is changed into valuable, economic value can be created, the tailings can be prevented from polluting the environment, and better comprehensive treatment benefit can be obtained.
The method for smelting the laterite-nickel ore can be effectively applied to the technical field of metallurgy, and related technicians can naturally expand the method to other fields, which are not described herein and are all within the protection scope of the invention.
The present invention is illustrated by the following specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way. In addition, in the following examples, if not specifically mentioned, all the equipment and materials used are commercially available.
General procedure
The following description of a general treatment method for treating laterite-nickel ore in the following examples is made with reference to the accompanying figure 2:
raw materials: the reducing agent is carbon black obtained by pyrolyzing waste rubber, the additive is one or a combination of more of quicklime, limestone, dolomite, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, ferrous oxide and fluorite, and the fuel is carbon black, tar and combustible gas obtained by pyrolyzing waste rubber.
Equipment: the ball making equipment is a double-roller high-pressure ball press or a disc pelletizer, the rotary hearth furnace is a heat accumulating type rotary hearth furnace, one or more heat accumulating type burners are arranged on the heat accumulating type rotary hearth furnace, and the slag-iron separation equipment mainly adopts dry type magnetic separation.
The process comprises the following steps: the wet grinding and selecting process comprises the following steps: carrying out one-stage or two-stage ore grinding by adopting a wet ball mill or a rod mill, and then carrying out one-stage or two-stage separation by adopting a magnetic separator; the melting separation process comprises the following steps: and (4) electric furnace melting separation or non-electric furnace melting separation.
The product is as follows: building material products prepared from the primary tailings and the secondary tailings comprise: cast stone, microcrystalline glass, filling materials, cementing materials, artificial fish reefs and the like, and can also be used for making bricks or building roads.
In the following examples, the main steps of processing laterite-nickel ore are as follows:
firstly, cleaning waste rubber, crushing the waste rubber into a proper size, and drying the crushed waste rubber. And (3) distributing the rubber particles into a pyrolysis device through a material distribution device, wherein the pyrolysis temperature is 300-900 ℃, the pyrolysis time is 10-90 min, and the waste rubber is pyrolyzed to generate products such as carbon black, combustible gas and tar. Crushing the carbon black to a particle size of 1-4 mm.
Secondly, drying, crushing and screening the laterite-nickel ore to a granularity of 1-4 mm, and mixing with the crushed carbon black and additives in the first step in parts by weight as follows: 100 parts of laterite nickel ore, 3-30 parts of carbon black and 0-20 parts of additive. The method comprises the following steps of uniformly mixing the prepared materials, pelletizing by using a pelletizer or a pelletizer, drying pellets, distributing the dried carbon-containing pellets into a rotary hearth furnace for direct reduction, taking combustible gas and tar obtained by pyrolysis in the first step as fuels of a drying link and the direct reduction link of the rotary hearth furnace, enabling the dried carbon-containing pellets to enter the rotary hearth furnace to rotate along with the bottom of the furnace, enabling the reduction temperature to be 1400-1600 ℃, the reduction time to be 30-120 min, enabling the carbon-containing pellets to gradually complete reduction reaction along with the rotation of the bottom of the rotary hearth furnace, enabling nickel and iron generated by reduction to gradually grow up in the pellets to generate nickel and iron particles, discharging the metallized pellets from a discharge port after rotating for one circle, and carrying out crushing and dry magnetic separation on the metallized pellets to obtain the nickel and iron particles and tailings.
And whether the tailings are subjected to wet grinding selection can be selected according to requirements to obtain the ferronickel powder and the secondary tailings. The ferronickel powder can be melted and separated to prepare ferronickel alloy according to the requirement, and the primary tailings or the secondary tailings can be used for preparing building materials and other products.
Example 1:
the laterite-nickel ore with the nickel grade of 1.31 weight percent and the total iron content of 23.75 weight percent is adopted. According to the laterite-nickel ore: carbon black: 100 percent of additive: 12: 10, uniformly mixing, briquetting by using a double-roller high-pressure ball press, distributing dried carbon-containing pellets into a rotary hearth furnace through a distributing device, reducing the carbon-containing pellets in a heat accumulating type rotary hearth furnace at 1500 ℃, wherein the reducing time is 60min, and crushing and dry magnetic separation are carried out on metallized pellets discharged from a discharge outlet to obtain nickel iron particles with the nickel grade of 14.16 wt%. Meanwhile, in order to improve the recovery rate of nickel, wet grinding and sorting are carried out on the tailings, then electric furnace melting separation is carried out, and the nickel grade of the nickel-iron alloy obtained by melting separation is 8.33 wt%. The overall recovery of nickel in the whole process was 95.38%. The tailings and secondary tailings are used for road construction.
Example 2:
laterite nickel ore with nickel grade of 0.72 wt% and total iron content of 41.93 wt% is adopted. According to the laterite-nickel ore: carbon black: 100 percent of additive: 26: 17, uniformly mixing, briquetting by using a double-roller high-pressure ball press, distributing dried carbon-containing pellets into a rotary hearth furnace through a distributing device, reducing the carbon-containing pellets in a heat accumulating type rotary hearth furnace at 1450 ℃ for 45min, and crushing and performing dry magnetic separation on metallized pellets discharged from a discharge outlet to obtain nickel iron particles with the nickel grade of 4.11 wt%. Meanwhile, in order to improve the recovery rate of nickel, wet grinding and separation are carried out on tailings and then non-electric furnace melting separation is carried out, and the nickel grade of the nickel-iron alloy obtained by melting separation is 6.07 weight percent. The overall recovery of nickel in the overall scheme was 98.51%. Tailings and secondary tailings are used as mine fill materials.
Example 3:
laterite nickel ore with nickel grade of 1.71 wt% and total iron content of 11.62 wt% is adopted. According to the laterite-nickel ore: carbon black: 100 percent of additive: 5: 20, uniformly mixing, briquetting by using a double-roller high-pressure ball press, distributing dried carbon-containing pellets into a rotary hearth furnace through a distributing device, reducing the carbon-containing pellets in a heat accumulating type rotary hearth furnace at 1550 ℃ for 105min, and crushing and performing dry magnetic separation on metalized pellets discharged from a discharge outlet to obtain nickel iron particles with the nickel grade of 30.47 wt%. Meanwhile, in order to improve the recovery rate of nickel, wet grinding and separation are carried out on tailings and then non-electric furnace melting separation is carried out, and the nickel grade of the nickel-iron alloy obtained by melting separation is 16.58 wt%. The overall recovery of nickel in the whole process is 98.34%.
Example 4
The laterite-nickel ore with the nickel grade of 1.28 percent is adopted, and the total iron content is 25.33 percent. According to the laterite-nickel ore: reducing agent: 100 percent of additive: 11: 11, uniformly mixing, briquetting by using a double-roller high-pressure ball press, distributing dried carbon-containing pellets into a rotary hearth furnace through a distributing device, reducing the carbon-containing pellets in a heat accumulating type rotary hearth furnace at the reduction temperature of 1520 ℃ for 70min, and crushing and performing dry magnetic separation on metallized pellets discharged from a discharge outlet to obtain nickel iron particles with the nickel grade of 15.27%. Meanwhile, in order to improve the recovery rate of nickel, wet grinding and sorting are carried out on the tailings, then electric furnace melting separation is carried out, and the nickel grade of the nickel-iron alloy obtained by melting separation is 9.02%. The overall recovery of nickel in the whole process is 96.44%. The tailings and secondary tailings are used for road construction.
Example 5
Laterite nickel ore with the nickel grade of 0.67 percent is adopted, and the total iron content is 42.51 percent. According to the laterite-nickel ore: reducing agent: 100 percent of additive: 30: 20, uniformly mixing, briquetting by using a double-roller high-pressure ball press, distributing dried carbon-containing pellets into a rotary hearth furnace through a distributing device, reducing the carbon-containing pellets in a heat accumulating type rotary hearth furnace at the reducing temperature of 1470 ℃ for 50min, and crushing and performing dry magnetic separation on metalized pellets discharged from a discharge outlet to obtain nickel iron particles with the nickel grade of 4.63%. Meanwhile, in order to improve the recovery rate of nickel, wet grinding and separation are carried out on tailings, then non-electric furnace melting separation is carried out, and the nickel grade of the nickel-iron alloy obtained by melting separation is 6.88%. The overall recovery of nickel in the whole process was 97.49%. The tailings and the secondary tailings are used for making bricks.
Example 6
The laterite-nickel ore with the nickel grade of 1.82 percent is adopted, and the total iron content is 14.55 percent. According to the laterite-nickel ore: reducing agent: 100 percent of additive: 8: 16, uniformly mixing, briquetting by using a double-roll high-pressure briquetting machine, distributing dried carbon-containing pellets into a rotary hearth furnace through a distributing device, reducing the carbon-containing pellets in a heat accumulating type rotary hearth furnace at 1570 ℃ for 110min, and crushing and performing dry magnetic separation on metalized pellets discharged from a discharge outlet to obtain nickel iron particles with the nickel grade of 35.54%. Meanwhile, in order to improve the recovery rate of nickel, wet grinding and separation are carried out on tailings, then non-electric furnace melting separation is carried out, and the nickel grade of the nickel-iron alloy obtained by melting separation is 15.31%. The overall recovery of nickel in the whole process was 98.49%.
According to the embodiment, the rotary hearth furnace equipment adopting the regenerative combustion technology can well control the reduction temperature and the proper reduction atmosphere, so that the selective reduction of nickel is realized. By controlling the reduction time of the carbon-containing pellets in the rotary hearth furnace and adding a proper amount of additives, the reduction of iron is inhibited and nickel is fully reduced into nickel-iron particles at the reduction temperature of 1570 ℃. Therefore, the nickel iron particles with the nickel grade up to 35.54 percent can be obtained after the dry magnetic separation. Meanwhile, the tailings and the secondary tailings are used as raw materials, the portland cement meeting the composite portland cement 325 standard is prepared through reasonable proportioning, and comprehensive utilization and clean production of the laterite-nickel ore are realized.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and that those skilled in the art may make changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations to the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (13)
1. A laterite-nickel ore processing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing laterite-nickel ore, a reducing agent and an additive into pellets so as to obtain laterite-nickel ore pellets;
reducing and roasting the laterite-nickel ore pellets in a heat accumulating type rotary hearth furnace so as to obtain metallized pellets;
crushing and dry magnetic separation are carried out on the metallized pellets so as to obtain nickel iron particles and first tailings; and
and carrying out wet grinding and wet magnetic separation on the first tailings to obtain ferronickel powder and second tailings.
Wherein,
the reducing agent is carbon black prepared from rubber.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbon black is obtained by: rubber is pyrolyzed at 300-900 ℃ for 10-90 min so as to obtain carbon black, combustible gas and tar.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising crushing the carbon black obtained by pyrolysis to a particle size of 1 to 4 mm.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the combustible gas and tar are used as a fuel for reduction roasting.
5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbon black is used in an amount of 3 to 30 parts by weight and the additive is used in an amount of 0 to 20 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the lateritic nickel ore, the additive being at least one selected from the group consisting of quicklime, limestone, dolomite, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, ferrous oxide, and fluorite.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the reduction roasting is performed at 1400 to 1600 ℃ for 30 to 120 min.
7. The method according to the claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the amount of carbon black is 8 parts by weight and the amount of additives is 16 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of lateritic nickel ores, and the reduction roasting is performed at 1570 ℃ for 110 min.
8. The method according to the claim 7, characterized in that the amount of carbon black is 11 parts by weight and the amount of additives is 11 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of lateritic nickel ores, and the reduction roasting is performed at 1520 ℃ for 70 min.
9. The method according to the claim 8, characterized in that the amount of carbon black is 30 parts by weight and the amount of additives is 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of lateritic nickel ore, and the reductive roasting is performed at 1470 ℃ for 50 min.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the regenerative rotary hearth furnace is provided with at least one regenerative burner.
11. The method according to the claim 1, characterized in that the nickel grade of the lateritic nickel ores is greater than 0.6% by weight.
12. The method of claim 1, wherein subjecting the first tailings to wet grinding and wet magnetic separation further comprises:
performing one-stage or two-stage ore grinding by adopting at least one of a wet ball mill and a rod mill; and
and carrying out one-stage or two-stage magnetic separation by adopting a magnetic separator.
13. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
melting the ferronickel powder to obtain ferronickel alloy; and
the second tailings are used for preparing building materials,
wherein,
the building material is at least one selected from cast stone, microcrystalline glass, a filling material, a cementing material and an artificial fish reef.
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| CN104946881A (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2015-09-30 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Method for preparing nickel-iron alloy and cementitious material from laterite nickel ores |
| CN107200478A (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2017-09-26 | 广西大学 | Method of glass ceramics of Color tunable and products thereof and application are prepared using iron-nickel alloy Water Quenching Slag |
| CN107200478B (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2021-05-28 | 广西大学 | Method for preparing color-adjustable glass ceramic by using iron-nickel alloy water-quenched slag, product and application thereof |
| CN105925818A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-09-07 | 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 | Method and system for processing high-iron laterite nickel ore |
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| CN106222447A (en) * | 2016-09-13 | 2016-12-14 | 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 | The pyrolysis of a kind of fume afterheat furnace interior recycling type lateritic nickel ore dry bulb group and reduction reaction system and method |
| CN106191465A (en) * | 2016-09-13 | 2016-12-07 | 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 | A kind of reduction reaction system and method for the efficient aqueous pelletizing of process lateritic nickel ore |
| CN106191464A (en) * | 2016-09-13 | 2016-12-07 | 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 | The pyrolysis of a kind of lateritic nickel ore dry bulb group and reduction reaction system and method |
| CN106222449B (en) * | 2016-09-13 | 2018-08-28 | 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 | A kind of pyrolysis of fume afterheat furnace interior recycling type high efficiente callback lateritic nickel ore dry bulb group and reduction reaction system and method |
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| CN106191431B (en) * | 2016-09-13 | 2018-07-13 | 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 | A kind of reduction reaction system and method for the aqueous pelletizing of lateritic nickel ore |
| CN106191431A (en) * | 2016-09-13 | 2016-12-07 | 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 | A kind of reduction reaction system and method for the aqueous pelletizing of lateritic nickel ore |
| CN106755954A (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2017-05-31 | 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 | The processing method of lateritic nickel ore |
| CN106811595A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-06-09 | 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 | The system and method for processing vanadium titano-magnetite |
| CN107217154A (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2017-09-29 | 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 | Handle the method and system of lateritic nickel ore |
| CN107177741A (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2017-09-19 | 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 | The method and system of ferronickel is prepared using lateritic nickel ore |
| CN112301232A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2021-02-02 | 宁波力勤矿业有限公司 | Treatment method of laterite-nickel ore high-pressure acid leaching liquid and laterite-nickel ore high-pressure acid leaching treatment process |
| CN110616315A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2019-12-27 | 中冶赛迪上海工程技术有限公司 | Method for preparing nickel-iron concentrate from laterite-nickel ore |
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