CN116445122B - 一种水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于粘胶剂技术领域,具体涉及一种水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂及其制备方法。水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法为:先将35‑40份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、30‑35份己二酸类聚酯二醇、0.2‑0.5份二月桂酸二丁基锡、2‑4份乙二醇及4‑8份2,2‑二羟甲基丙酸进行反应,得到聚氨酯预聚体;然后向聚氨酯预聚体中加入5‑8份交联剂,使用三乙胺调节pH为8‑9,再用丙酮稀释,降低体系黏度,最后再加入30‑40份去离子水,高速混合均匀得到水性环保聚氨酯乳液;脱除丙酮后得到水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂。该水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂具有良好的耐水性、耐溶剂性及粘接效果,而且以水为分散介质,安全环保,更能满足市场需求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于粘胶剂技术领域,具体涉及一种水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚氨酯(PU)胶粘剂广义上指的是基料分子链中含有氨酯基(-NHCOO-)或异氰酸酯基(-NCO)的一类胶粘剂,主要是由聚醚或聚酯多元醇为软段分子,多异氰酸酯和扩链剂为硬段分子,软段和硬段共同组合而成为主分子链;聚氨酯胶粘剂可通过改变软硬段比例来调整刚柔性以满足对不同材料的粘接需求;由于其含有的氨酯基和异氰酸酯基具有强极性和强化学活泼性,能够与含有活泼氢的材料、多种多孔材料及许多表面光洁的材料形成优良的化学粘接力;聚氨酯胶粘剂具有优异的抗剪切、抗剥离、耐低温等性能,适用于大部分结构件的粘接。
申请号为201811522313.8的专利公开了一种高性能聚氨酯胶粘剂,属于溶剂型聚氨酯胶粘剂,包括A组分和B组分,A组分与B组分按5:1的质量比均匀混合后,即得高性能聚氨酯胶粘剂,相对传统聚氨酯胶粘剂而言,虽然适用范围广,可以高浓度(50%)涂布,适合镀铝膜、铝箔、水煮等使用,其使用后外观效果好,胶盘使用寿命长,同时将VOCs排放减少60%,但依旧存在有机溶剂挥发污染环境、残留物不易清洗等问题。
随着人们环保意识的日益增强,环保型水性聚氨酯胶粘剂正在逐步取代溶剂型聚氨酯胶粘剂,成为聚氨酯胶粘剂发展的主流趋势。水性聚氨酯胶粘剂是指在聚氨酯分子链上引入亲水基团或亲水结构,获得能够溶于水或者分散于水中的聚氨酯胶粘剂,与溶剂型聚氨酯胶粘剂相比,以水为分散介质的水性聚氨酯胶粘剂,无毒无害、安全环保,储存和运输更为安全,且水性聚氨酯胶粘剂易于使用,残留物易于清洗。目前,水性聚氨酯胶粘剂主要是单组份聚氨酯胶粘剂,形成的乳液是分散在水中的线型热塑性聚氨酯,分子量较小,其交联密度、耐水性、耐溶剂性及其贮存稳定性等性能与溶剂型聚氨酯胶粘剂相比,还存在一定的差距,这严重限制了水性聚氨酯胶粘剂的应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足,提供一种水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂及其制备方法,该水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂具有良好的耐水性、耐溶剂性及粘接效果,而且以水为分散介质,安全环保,更能满足市场需求。
本发明为实现上述目的所采取的技术方案为:
一种水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将35-40份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、30-35份己二酸类聚酯二醇、0.2-0.5份二月桂酸二丁基锡和2-4份乙二醇依次加入到反应釜中,升温至70-80℃,反应1-2h后加入4-8份2,2-二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA),继续反应2-4h,当异氰酸酯含量达到反应物中原来异氰酸酯含量的3.0-3.5%时,反应完成,得到聚氨酯预聚体;所述己二酸类聚酯二醇为聚己二酸乙二醇酯、聚己二酸丁二醇酯或聚己二酸一缩二乙二醇酯,优选己二酸类聚酯二醇为聚己二酸乙二醇酯;其中异氰酸酯含量经二正丁胺法测定;
S2、降温至25℃,向聚氨酯预聚体中加入5-8份交联剂,搅拌0.5-1h;所述交联剂为脲二酮类衍生物,结构式为:
式中,R为/> 优选R为/>此时脲二酮类衍生物为化合物1,结构式为:
S3、向反应釜中加入三乙胺,调节pH为8-9,然后加入丙酮稀释,降低体系黏度,最后再加入30-40份去离子水,高速混合均匀得到水性环保聚氨酯乳液;其中转速为100-120r/min,混合时间为4-6h,优选转速为120r/min,混合时间为6h;
S4、对反应釜进行抽真空,脱除乳液中的丙酮,得到水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂。
按上述方案,步骤S2中所述脲二酮类衍生物的制备方法为:将芳香族类二异氰酸酯和催化剂加入到苯溶液中,在85-90℃下发生聚合反应,当异氰酸酯含量达到反应物中原来异氰酸酯含量的一半时,反应完成,降温至40-50℃,向反应液中加入氮丙啶,继续反应2-3h生成脲二酮类衍生物。所述芳香族类二异氰酸酯为对苯二异氰酸酯、甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯、甲苯-2,6-二异氰酸酯或二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,优选芳香族类二异氰酸酯为对苯二异氰酸酯;所述催化剂为三乙基膦、三丙基膦或二甲基苯基膦,优选催化剂为三乙基膦。脲二酮类衍生物的合成路线为:
式中,R为
按上述方案,步骤S1得到的聚氨酯预聚体分子中的羧基会先与步骤S3中所加入的三乙胺发生季铵化反应、两端的氰酸酯先经水解得到氨基(中间态),之后氨基再与步骤S2中所加入的交联剂脲二酮类衍生物进行交联反应得到水性环保聚氨酯,合成路线如下:
本发明提供了一种水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂,经由上述一种水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法制得。
本发明还提供了一种水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂的用途,所述用途为用于制鞋、建筑铺装材料、汽车部件及包装材料领域。
本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明以芳香族二异氰酸酯为原料进行结构改进,得到了具有刚性苯环结构和亚氨基的脲二酮类衍生物,并以脲二酮类衍生物作为交联剂,与水性聚氨酯分子两端的氨基进行交联,提高了水性聚氨酯交联密度;苯环结构的引入增强了分子的机械性能,亚胺基的增加,能够与聚氨酯分子链上的酯基形成更多的氢键,增强了分子间的作用力,链段之间结合的更加紧密,水分及有机溶剂难以扩散进入,从而使粘胶剂的耐水性和耐溶剂性得到极大提升,同时也提升了粘胶剂的粘胶效果,使经粘胶剂粘接的产品具有较强的剥离强度和剪切强度。本发明提供的水性环保聚氨酯粘胶剂适用于制鞋、建筑铺装材料、汽车部件及包装材料等领域,具有良好的耐水性、耐溶剂性及粘接效果,而且以水为分散介质,安全环保,更能满足市场需求。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯CAS号4098-71-9;聚己二酸乙二醇酯CAS号68647-16-5;聚己二酸丁二醇酯CAS号25103-87-1;二月桂酸二丁基锡CAS号77-58-7;乙二醇CAS号107-21-1;2,2-二羟甲基丙酸CAS号4767-03-7;三乙胺CAS号121-44-8;丙酮CAS号67-64-1;对苯二异氰酸酯CAS号104-49-4;二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯CAS号101-68-8;三乙基膦CAS号554-70-1;苯CAS号71-43-2;氮丙啶CAS号151-56-4;所有化学试剂均为市售。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种脲二酮类衍生物的制备方法,具体步骤为:
将160g对苯二异氰酸酯和11.8g三乙基膦加入到1L苯溶液中,氮气保护,升温至90℃下,发生聚合反应,经二正丁胺法测定异氰酸酯含量,当异氰酸酯含量达到反应物中原来异氰酸酯含量的一半时,反应完成,降温至40℃,向反应液中加入51.7g氮丙啶,继续反应3h,反应完成后,自然降至室温,减压蒸除溶剂得到168g脲二酮类衍生物化合物1,纯度98.50%;ESI-MS(m/z):407[M+H]+;1HNMR(600MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:8.90(s,2H),7.62-7.63(m,4H),7.37(d,J=8.0Hz,4H),1.61-1.62(m,8H);其中苯二异氰酸酯:三乙基膦:氮丙啶的摩尔比为1:0.1:1.2;脲二酮类衍生物化合物1的合成路线如下:
将对苯二异氰酸酯替换成二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,参照上述方法制得脲二酮类衍生物化合物2,结构式为:
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将40份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、35份己二酸类聚酯二醇、0.5份二月桂酸二丁基锡和4份乙二醇依次加入到反应釜中,升温至80℃,反应2h后加入8份2,2-二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA),继续反应3h,当异氰酸酯含量达到反应物中原来异氰酸酯含量的3.0%时,反应完成,得到聚氨酯预聚体;其中己二酸类聚酯二醇为聚己二酸乙二醇酯;异氰酸酯含量经二正丁胺法测定;
S2、降温至25℃,向聚氨酯预聚体中加入8份交联剂,搅拌0.5h;交联剂为脲二酮类衍生物化合物1,结构式为:
S3、向反应釜中加入三乙胺,调节pH为9,然后加入丙酮稀释,降低体系黏度(1000cp-2000cp),最后再加入40份去离子水,高速混合均匀得到水性环保聚氨酯乳液;其中转速为120r/min,混合时间为6h;
S4、对反应釜进行抽真空,脱除乳液中的丙酮,得到水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂。
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将40份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、35份己二酸类聚酯二醇、0.5份二月桂酸二丁基锡和4份乙二醇依次加入到反应釜中,升温至80℃,反应2h后加入8份2,2-二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA),继续反应3h,当异氰酸酯含量达到反应物中原来异氰酸酯含量的3.0%时,反应完成,得到聚氨酯预聚体;其中己二酸类聚酯二醇为聚己二酸丁二醇酯;异氰酸酯含量经二正丁胺法测定;
S2、同实施例2的步骤S2;
S3、同实施例2的步骤S3;
S4、同实施例2的步骤S4。
实施例4
本实施例提供了一种水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将35份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、30份己二酸类聚酯二醇、0.3份二月桂酸二丁基锡和3份乙二醇依次加入到反应釜中,升温至80℃,反应2h后加入6份2,2-二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA),继续反应3h,当异氰酸酯含量达到反应物中原来异氰酸酯含量的3.0%时,反应完成,得到聚氨酯预聚体;其中己二酸类聚酯二醇为聚己二酸乙二醇酯;异氰酸酯含量经二正丁胺法测定;
S2、降温至25℃,向聚氨酯预聚体中加入6份交联剂,搅拌0.5h;交联剂为脲二酮类衍生物化合物1,结构式为:
S3、向反应釜中加入三乙胺,调节pH为9,然后加入丙酮稀释,降低体系黏度(1000cp-2000cp),最后再加入35份去离子水,高速混合均匀得到水性环保聚氨酯乳液;其中转速为120r/min,混合时间为6h;
S4、同实施例2的步骤S4。
实施例5
本实施例提供了一种水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将40份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、32份己二酸类聚酯二醇、0.2份二月桂酸二丁基锡和2份乙二醇依次加入到反应釜中,升温至80℃,反应2h后加入4份2,2-二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA),继续反应3h,当异氰酸酯含量达到反应物中原来异氰酸酯含量的3.0%时,反应完成,得到聚氨酯预聚体;其中己二酸类聚酯二醇为聚己二酸乙二醇酯;异氰酸酯含量经二正丁胺法测定;
S2、降温至25℃,向聚氨酯预聚体中加入5份交联剂,搅拌0.5h;交联剂为脲二酮类衍生物化合物1,结构式为:
S3、向反应釜中加入三乙胺,调节pH为8,然后加入丙酮稀释,降低体系黏度(1000cp-2000cp),最后再加入30份去离子水,高速混合均匀得到水性环保聚氨酯乳液;其中转速为120r/min,混合时间为6h;
S4、同实施例2的步骤S4。
对比例1
本对比例提供了一种水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法,与实施例2的不同之处在于,步骤S2中所加入的交联剂为脲二酮类衍生物化合物2,包括以下步骤:
S1、同实施例2的步骤S1;
S2、降温至25℃,向聚氨酯预聚体中加入8份交联剂,搅拌0.5h;交联剂为脲二酮类衍生物化合物2,结构式为:
S3、同实施例2的步骤S3;
S4、同实施例2的步骤S4。
对比例2
本对比例提供了一种水性聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法,与实施例2的不同之处在于,不使用交联剂,包括以下步骤:
S1、同实施例2的步骤S1;
S2、向反应釜中加入三乙胺,调节pH为9,然后加入丙酮稀释,降低体系黏度(1000cp-2000cp),最后再加入40份去离子水,高速混合均匀得到水性环保聚氨酯乳液;其中转速为120r/min,混合时间为6h;
S3、对反应釜进行抽真空,脱除乳液中的丙酮,得到水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂。
对比例3
国内市售的一种水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂,购自安徽安大华泰新材料有限公司。
测试例1
将适量由实施例2-5及对比例1-4制得的水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂,倒入聚四氟乙烯模具中,并除去其中的气泡和杂质,然后将其放置于30℃的恒温干燥箱中静置7天,制得干燥的水性环保聚氨酯胶膜;耐水性按照GB/T1034-2008标准测试胶膜的24h吸水率,吸水率越低代表产品的耐水性越好;耐溶剂性按照GB/T11547-2008测试,测试的有机溶剂为四氢呋喃、乙醇及乙酸乙酯溶液,将测试胶膜浸泡在有机溶剂中24h,观察胶膜的溶解情况,测试结果如表1所示。
表1耐水性、耐溶剂性测试结果
由表1结果可知,由实施例2-5所制得的水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂的耐水性、耐溶剂性均优于对比例1-3,其中实施例2所制得的水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂的吸水率最低,在四氢呋喃、乙醇及乙酸乙酯溶液未发生溶解,说明其耐水性、耐溶剂性最好;在水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法中,实施例2中所使用的交联剂为脲二酮类衍生物化合物1,与对比例1中所使用的交联剂为脲二酮类衍生物化合物2相比,脲二酮类衍生物化合物1能与聚氨酯分子链两端的亲水基团氨基发生交联反应,使聚氨酯分子链的两端形成稳固的化学键,从而制得耐水性、耐溶剂性较好的水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂;而不使用交联剂制备的水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂(对比例2),不仅吸水率高,而且耐溶剂性也较差;本发明所提供的脲二酮类衍生物交联剂,能够制备高耐水性、耐溶剂性水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂。
测试例2
将实施例2-5及对比例1-4制得的的水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂用于粘接PVC材料,并对粘接后的成品数据进行剥离强度、剪切强度和拉伸性能(拉伸强度和断裂伸长率参照GB/T1040-2006)测试,测试结果如表2所示。
表2相关性能测试结果
由表2结果可知,由实施例2-5所制得的水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂用于PVC材料粘接,粘接后的成品的剥离强度、剪切强度和拉伸性能均优于对比例1-3,说明实施例2-5所制得的水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂的粘接效果较好,其中实施例2所制得的水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂的粘接效果最优;在水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法中,实施例2中所使用的交联剂为脲二酮类衍生物化合物1,相对不使用交联剂制备的水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂(对比例2)而言,经过交联的聚氨酯分子链的两端具有刚性的苯环结构及亚氨基(能与分子链上的酯基形成更多的氢键、增大了分子间的作用力),从而制得的黏接效果较好的水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂;实施例2与对比例1(所加入的交联剂为脲二酮类衍生物化合物2)相比,所加入的交联剂为脲二酮类衍生物化合物1时,制得的水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂的粘接较好。
本发明以芳香族二异氰酸酯为原料,在催化剂的作用下,先发生聚合反应形成脲二酮,之后在分子两端在引入含氮三元环,制得脲二酮类衍生物,其分子中含有刚性的苯环结构,能够增加分子的机械性能;还含有不稳定的二酮四元环,容易开环与聚氨酯分子两端的氨基发生反应,可做交联剂使用。单组分的水性聚氨酯粘胶剂的分子两端氰酸酯遇水极易发生水解,形成具有亲水性质的氨基,从而导致粘胶剂的吸水率较高;通过使用交联剂脲二酮类衍生物与氨基进行反应,形成稳定的化学键,同时将交联剂脲二酮类衍生物分子中的刚性苯环结构和亚氨基引入到聚氨酯分子中,刚性苯环结构的引入增强了聚氨酯粘胶剂的粘接效果,使经粘胶剂粘接的产品具有优异的机械性能;而亚胺基的增加,能够与聚氨酯分子链上的酯基形成更多的氢键,增强了分子间的作用力,链段之间的结构受氢键作用力的影响,结合的更加紧密,水分及有机溶剂难以扩散进入,从而使粘胶剂的耐水性和耐溶剂性得到极大提升,同时也提升了粘胶剂的粘胶效果,使经粘胶剂粘接的产品具有较强的剥离强度和剪切强度。
本发明通过脲二酮类衍生物实现交联,促使水性聚氨酯交联密度增大,耐水性、耐溶剂性及粘接效果均得到提高;本发明的聚氨酯胶粘剂可用于制鞋、建筑铺装材料、汽车部件及包装材料等领域,在环保、耐水性、耐溶剂性及粘接效果等方面更能满足消费者需求,具有广泛的应用价值。
需要说明的是,在本文中,诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来,而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。
尽管已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本申请的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本申请的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (5)
1.一种水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、将35-40份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、30-35份己二酸类聚酯二醇、0.2-0.5份二月桂酸二丁基锡和2-4份乙二醇依次加入到反应釜中,升温至70-80℃,反应1-2h后加入4-8份2,2-二羟甲基丙酸,继续反应2-4h,当异氰酸酯含量达到反应物中原来异氰酸酯含量的3.0-3.5%时,反应完成,得到聚氨酯预聚体;
S2、降温至25℃,向聚氨酯预聚体中加入5-8份交联剂,搅拌0.5-1h;所述交联剂为脲二酮类衍生物,结构式为:
式中,R为/>
S3、向反应釜中加入三乙胺,调节pH为8-9,然后加入丙酮稀释,降低体系黏度,最后再加入30-40份去离子水,高速混合均匀得到水性环保聚氨酯乳液;
S4、对反应釜进行抽真空,脱除乳液中的丙酮,得到水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂;
步骤S2中所述脲二酮类衍生物的制备方法为:将芳香族类二异氰酸酯和催化剂加入到苯溶液中,在85-90℃下发生聚合反应,当异氰酸酯含量达到反应物中原来异氰酸酯含量的一半时,反应完成,降温至40-50℃,向反应液中加入氮丙啶,继续反应2-3h生成脲二酮类衍生物;所述芳香族类二异氰酸酯为对苯二异氰酸酯、甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯或甲苯-2,6-二异氰酸酯;所述催化剂为三乙基膦、三丙基膦或二甲基苯基膦。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中所述己二酸类聚酯二醇为聚己二酸乙二醇酯、聚己二酸丁二醇酯或聚己二酸一缩二乙二醇酯。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中转速为100-120r/min,混合时间为4-6h。
4.一种水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂,其特征在于,经由权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂的制备方法制得。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种水性环保聚氨酯胶粘剂的用途,其特征在于,所述用途为用于制鞋、建筑铺装材料、汽车部件及包装材料领域。
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