CN116439319A - Microbial beneficial living bacteria complete pellet feed for all-weather uninterrupted feeding of ruminants and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Microbial beneficial living bacteria complete pellet feed for all-weather uninterrupted feeding of ruminants and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116439319A CN116439319A CN202211501767.3A CN202211501767A CN116439319A CN 116439319 A CN116439319 A CN 116439319A CN 202211501767 A CN202211501767 A CN 202211501767A CN 116439319 A CN116439319 A CN 116439319A
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/189—Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/22—Compounds of alkali metals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a microbial beneficial living bacteria complete pellet feed for all-weather uninterrupted feeding of ruminants and a preparation method thereof. The auxiliary materials comprise compound vitamins, compound microbial agents, organic selenium and sodium chloride. The invention adopts the microbial fermentation material, so that the current situation of feed source shortage in China can be enlarged, and on the other hand, after the microbial fermentation, the contents of anti-nutritional factors and harmful substances are extremely obviously reduced. The content of crude protein is obviously increased, the content of crude fat and crude fiber is obviously reduced, and the nutritive value of the feed is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ruminant feed, and particularly relates to microbial beneficial living bacteria complete pellet feed for all-weather uninterrupted feeding of ruminants and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Animal husbandry is a basic industry which plays an important role in the development of agriculture, economy and society in China, and has close connection with the life of the public. And is an irreplaceable place in the development of advancing agriculture technology and economy society in improving the economic income of farmers. However, with the development and transformation of the economic society, internal and external factors restricting the healthy development of animal husbandry still exist; such as shortage of feed grain, slow grain yield increase, insufficient protein feed, degradation of grassland, etc.
The feed is mainly produced from the residual amount and crop byproducts after the provision of ration and other used grains, and the feed demand cannot be sufficiently supplied. In the face of the severe situation, the growing industry is developing, the agricultural and sideline products are more and more, and the byproducts processed by vegetables, fruits, crops and the like are used as the feed of livestock to have higher nutritive value on the feed of ruminants, so that the wastes are effectively and reasonably developed and utilized, and the agricultural and sideline products have practical significance for meeting the nutritional requirements of livestock, relieving the contradiction between the livestock and the ecological environment and improving the quality of the livestock products. Wherein the microbial fermentation feed is a novel feed raw material prepared by fermenting agricultural and food processing byproducts by utilizing beneficial microorganisms.
At present, microbial fermented feed is widely applied to monogastric animal production, but the microbial fermented feed is less applied to ruminant production, and research is not yet mature. Therefore, the invention provides the microbial beneficial living bacteria complete pellet feed for all-weather uninterrupted feeding of ruminants and the preparation method thereof by combining microbial fermentation feed raw materials and microbial living bacteria.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a microbial beneficial living bacteria complete pellet feed for all-weather uninterrupted feeding of ruminants and a preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the problems, the invention is realized according to the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a microbial beneficial living bacteria complete pellet feed for all-weather uninterrupted feeding of ruminants, which comprises main materials and auxiliary materials. The main material consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of corn stalk, 30-40 parts of fenugreek, 30-40 parts of microbial fermentation material, 5-15 parts of tea byproduct, 5-15 parts of caragana microphylla powder, 5-15 parts of corn, 5-15 parts of wheat bran, 5-15 parts of bean pulp and 5-15 parts of sunflower seed pulp; the auxiliary materials comprise compound vitamins, compound microbial agents, organic selenium and sodium chloride.
In combination with the first aspect, the invention also provides a 1 st preferred embodiment of the first aspect, specifically, the microbial fermentation material is obtained by adopting a fermentation substrate prepared by mixing tomato pomace, sorghum straw, sunflower seed meal and fenugreek, and adding a compound bacterial liquid and a compound enzyme preparation for fermentation.
With reference to the first aspect, the invention also provides a 2 nd preferred embodiment of the first aspect, specifically, the mass ratio of the tomato pomace, the sorghum stalk, the sunflower seed meal and the fenugreek is 6:8:4:1, a step of;
wherein the sunflower seed meal is crushed to a granularity of 2.0mm, and the sorghum straw and the fenugreek are crushed to a length of 2-5 cm.
With reference to the first aspect, the invention also provides a 3 rd preferred embodiment of the first aspect, specifically, the composite bacterial liquid is composed of lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the dosage of the composite bacterial liquid is 0.2% of the weight of the fermentation substrate;
the complex enzyme preparation consists of protease and cellulase in a mass ratio of 1:1, and the complex enzyme preparation adopts 1000U/kg.
With reference to the first aspect, the present invention also provides a 4 th preferred embodiment of the first aspect, specifically, the tea by-product is a wet green tea by-product prepared by silage.
With reference to the first aspect, the present invention also provides a 5 th preferred embodiment of the first aspect, specifically, the compound microbial agent includes 40000cfu/g of bacillus licheniformis, 32000cfu/g of lactobacillus plantarum and 16000cfu/g of bacillus subtilis.
In combination with the first aspect, the invention also provides a 6 th preferred embodiment of the first aspect, specifically, the content of the organic selenium is 0.3mg/kg, and the content of the sodium chloride bar is 0.3% of the weight of the main material.
With reference to the first aspect, the invention also provides a 7 th preferred embodiment of the first aspect, specifically, the vitamin complex includes 180-240 IU/kg of vitamin a, 34-100 IU/kg of vitamin D3, and 0.4mg/kg of vitamin E.
In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a method for preparing the microbial beneficial living bacteria complete pellet feed for all-weather uninterrupted feeding of ruminants according to the first aspect, the method comprising the steps of:
after the raw materials of the main materials are mixed according to the proportion, the water content of the main materials is reduced to 10-15% by dehydration and drying; then crushing the main materials, adding auxiliary materials and uniformly mixing; finally granulating by a circular mould granulator to obtain feed granules with the particle size of 6-8 mm, and cooling to obtain the feed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention relates to a microbial beneficial living bacteria complete pellet feed for ruminant animal all-weather uninterrupted feeding, which comprises main materials and auxiliary materials, wherein the main materials are prepared from raw materials with specific proportions, and the raw materials comprise corn stalks, fenugreek, microbial fermentation materials, tea byproducts, caragana microphylla powder, corn, wheat bran, soybean meal and sunflower meal. The auxiliary materials comprise compound vitamins, compound microbial agents, organic selenium and sodium chloride.
(1) The pellet feed provided by the invention is free feed for 24 hours in all weather, and can be fed continuously in all weather. The free feeding way can make ruminant fully contact with feed, raise feed intake and maintain continuous and stable fermentation of rumen. In the feed raw materials, corn, wheat bran, bean pulp and sunflower meal are used as main materials, so that the content of crude fibers in the feed is reduced, and the content of crude protein is improved; in the auxiliary materials, the compound vitamins, the organic selenium and the sodium chloride can help the ruminant to grow and the organism to daily physiologically need, and the sodium chloride can also increase the feed intake of the ruminant. The compound microbial agent is used for enhancing the digestive system function of ruminants and promoting the digestion of food and the absorption of nutrient substances.
(2) In the main material of the invention, the combination of fenugreek, microbial fermentation material, tea by-product and caragana microphylla powder is also added:
wherein, the function of adding the fenugreek is to increase the rumen efficiency, improve the nutrient digestibility and reduce the content of toxic and harmful gases in the feces; the fenugreek is rich in nutrition and active substances, and can also remarkably reduce methane emission and energy loss generated by rumen fermentation of ruminants.
The tea by-product has rich nutrition and active substances, has the functions of improving the weight gain effect of the feed, changing the fatty acid composition of ruminant meat, improving the meat quality and the muscle oxidation stability, and integrating the oxidation-reduction active transition metal ions by removing active oxygen and nitrogen in a organism by using catechin of a poor by-product, thereby playing an antioxidant role.
The caragana microphylla powder is added to improve rumen flora, promote rumen fermentation and nutrient absorption, and also enhance the antioxidant function and the immune function of the organism; the tannin in caragana microphylla not only can improve rumen flora, promote rumen fermentation and promote nutrient absorption, but also can promote rumen fermentation and regulate rumen flora in cooperation with fenugreek. Meanwhile, the caragana microphylla powder can cooperate with tea byproducts to improve slaughter performance and meat quality.
The microbial fermentation material of the invention has the following functions: and part of macromolecular nutrient substances such as cellulose, protein, fat and the like are degraded into easily-absorbed saccharides, soluble small peptides, organic acids and other small molecular substances through microbial fermentation, so that a biological feed with good palatability, rich nutrition and large number of beneficial microorganisms is formed. On one hand, the method can enlarge the feed source to relieve the current situation of feed raw material shortage in China, and on the other hand, after microbial fermentation, the contents of anti-nutritional factors and harmful substances are extremely obviously reduced. The content of crude protein is obviously increased, the content of crude fat and crude fiber is obviously reduced, and the nutritive value of the feed is improved.
Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of illustration and explanation only and is not intended to limit the present invention.
The invention provides a microbial beneficial living bacteria complete pellet feed for all-weather uninterrupted feeding of ruminants, which comprises main materials and auxiliary materials, wherein the main materials are prepared from raw materials with specific proportions, and the raw materials comprise corn straw, fenugreek, microbial fermentation materials, tea byproducts, caragana microphylla powder, corn, wheat bran, soybean meal and sunflower meal. The auxiliary materials comprise compound vitamins, compound microbial agents, organic selenium and sodium chloride.
The pellet feed provided by the invention is free feed for 24 hours in all weather, and can be fed continuously in all weather. The free feeding way can make ruminant fully contact with feed, raise feed intake and maintain continuous and stable fermentation of rumen. In the feed raw materials, corn, wheat bran, bean pulp and sunflower meal are used as main materials, so that the content of crude fibers in the feed is reduced, and the content of crude protein is improved; in the auxiliary materials, the compound vitamins, the organic selenium and the sodium chloride can help the ruminant to grow and the organism to daily physiologically need, and the sodium chloride can also increase the feed intake of the ruminant. The compound microbial agent is used for enhancing the digestive system function of ruminants and promoting the digestion of food and the absorption of nutrient substances.
In the invention, the compound vitamin comprises 180-240 IU/kg of vitamin A, 34-100 IU/kg of vitamin D3 and 0.4mg/kg of vitamin E. The compound microbial agent comprises 40000cfu/g of bacillus licheniformis, 32000cfu/g of lactobacillus plantarum and 16000cfu/g of bacillus subtilis. The content of the organic selenium is 0.3mg/kg, and the dosage of the sodium chloride bar is 0.3 percent of the weight of the main material.
In the main material of the invention, the combination of fenugreek, microbial fermentation material, tea by-product and caragana microphylla powder is also added:
(1) The function of adding the fenugreek is to increase the rumen efficiency, improve the nutrient digestibility and reduce the content of toxic and harmful gases in the feces; the fenugreek is rich in nutrition and active substances, and can also remarkably reduce methane emission and energy loss generated by rumen fermentation of ruminants.
In particular, the fenugreek serving as a high-quality pasture is rich in nutrition and active substances, and can also remarkably reduce methane emission and energy loss generated by rumen fermentation of ruminants. The rumen microorganism can make ruminant produce and discharge methane, and the saponin in the fenugreek can improve proliferation of fiber degrading bacteria, thereby increasing rumen efficiency, regulating microbial flora in gastrointestinal tract, improving nutrient digestibility, and reducing toxic and harmful gas content in feces.
(2) The microbial fermentation material is prepared by adding a composite bacterial liquid and a composite enzyme preparation into a fermentation substrate prepared by mixing tomato pomace, sorghum straw, sunflower seed meal and fenugreek.
The microbial fermentation material is prepared by degrading part of macromolecular nutrient substances such as cellulose, protein, fat and the like into easily-absorbed saccharides, soluble small peptides, organic acids and other small molecular substances through microbial fermentation, so that a biological feed with good palatability, rich nutrition and large number of beneficial microorganisms is formed. On one hand, the feed source can be enlarged, the current situation of feed raw material shortage in China can be relieved, and on the other hand, after microbial fermentation, the contents of anti-nutritional factors and harmful substances are extremely reduced. The content of crude protein is obviously increased, the content of crude fat and crude fiber is obviously reduced, and the nutritive value of the feed is improved.
In specific implementation, the mass ratio of the tomato pomace, the sorghum straw, the sunflower seed meal and the fenugreek is 6:8:4:1, a step of; wherein the sunflower seed meal is crushed to a granularity of 2.0mm, and the sorghum straw and the fenugreek are crushed to a length of 2-5 cm. The composite bacterial liquid consists of lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the dosage of the composite bacterial liquid is 0.2% of the weight of the fermentation substrate; the complex enzyme preparation consists of protease and cellulase in a mass ratio of 1:1, and the complex enzyme preparation adopts 1000U/kg.
The microbial fermentation material is prepared by the following steps:
step 1: crushing sunflower seed meal to a granularity of 2.0mm, crushing sorghum straw and fenugreek to a length of 2-5 cm, and then crushing fresh tomato peel residues, sorghum straw, sunflower seed meal and fenugreek according to a mass ratio of 6:8:4:1, and mixing to obtain a fermentation substrate.
Step 2: activating lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae by virtue of an original seed test tube, performing amplification culture on the lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae by virtue of a triangular flask, performing seed tank culture and fermentation tank culture expansion culture, and performing volume ratio 2: and mixing the materials in a ratio of 1:2 to obtain the composite bacterial liquid. Wherein, the culture is carried out according to the proper culture conditions of each strain, and the static culture is carried out for 24 hours. Mixing protease and cellulase according to a mass ratio of 1:1, and diluting with starch according to a mass ratio of 9:1 to obtain the complex enzyme preparation.
Step 3: adding 0.2% of composite bacterial liquid by weight into a fermentation substrate, adding 1000U/kg of composite enzyme preparation, uniformly mixing, adopting wrapping solid for fermentation, wrapping and stacking 4 layers, and fermenting for 3-5d at the fermentation termination temperature of 55 ℃ to obtain the microbial fermentation material.
And (3) detecting products: sensory evaluation mainly checks color, smell, texture, and evaluation results of the microbial fermentation material according to the invention according to silage maize straw scoring criteria: the smell is strong, the texture is loose and not sticky, the mildew is avoided, and the overall sensory rating is superior. And the detection shows that the beneficial viable count of the microbial fermentation material is up to 3000000cfu/g, the acid soluble protein ratio is 40%, and the microbial fermentation material is rich in protease and cellulase. The saponin in the fenugreek has remarkable promotion effect on improving the protease and cellulase contents of the microbial fermentation material.
Compared with silage corn, the microbial fermentation material has rich nutrition, contains rich enzyme, beneficial bacteria, small peptide and other fermentation products, is favorable to the growth of ruminant, and can promote the digestion of other feed and supplement other feed materials.
(3) The tea by-product has rich nutrition and active substances, has the functions of improving the weight gain effect of the feed, changing the fatty acid composition of ruminant meat, improving the meat quality and the muscle oxidation stability, and integrating the oxidation-reduction active transition metal ions by removing active oxygen and nitrogen in a organism by using catechin of a poor by-product, thereby playing an antioxidant role.
Wherein the tea by-product is wet green tea by-product prepared by silage. The tea industry also produces a large amount of tea by-products, mainly dry tea grounds and wet tea grounds, which remain after tea beverage or tea extract is produced. The dry tea residues mainly comprise tea dust, tea slices, tea stems and the like which are discarded except finished tea in the production process of the finished tea. The wet tea residue mainly comes from tea residue which is discarded after leaching in the process of producing tea beverage. The tea by-product contains a large amount of nutrients, wherein the crude protein content is about 20%, and the crude fiber content is about 60%, and bioactive substances of the tea by-product such as tea polyphenols, theanine, tea saponin, etc.
(4) The caragana microphylla powder is prepared by processing caragana microphylla into coarse powder with the length of 2-3 cm and the width of 5-7 mm and ensiling for 20-30 days. After silage of the caragana microphylla, the crude protein and the crude fat are respectively improved by 7.84 percent and 28.13 percent compared with the non-silaged caragana microphylla, and the cellulose, the lignin and the crude ash are respectively reduced by 14.76 percent, 13.85 percent and 29.80 percent compared with the non-silaged caragana microphylla, which shows that the caragana microphylla can greatly reduce the nutrition loss after silage, and can maintain the good quality of fresh feed for a long time.
The invention summarizes that the function of adding caragana microphylla powder is to improve the palatability and the digestibility of ruminants, improve rumen flora, promote rumen fermentation and nutrient absorption, and enhance the antioxidant function and the immune function of organisms; the tannin in caragana microphylla not only can improve rumen flora, promote rumen fermentation and promote nutrient absorption, but also can promote rumen fermentation and regulate rumen flora in cooperation with fenugreek. Meanwhile, the caragana microphylla powder can cooperate with tea byproducts to improve slaughter performance and meat quality.
In conclusion, the special combination of the fenugreek, the microbial fermentation material, the tea byproduct and the caragana microphylla powder is adopted, so that the feed is suitable for ruminant cultivation, can improve meat quality, improve organism immunity, promote animal healthy growth, has obvious weight increasing effect and improves average daily weight gain.
The invention is illustrated by the following more specific examples.
Example 1
The microbial beneficial bacteria complete pellet feed for all-weather uninterrupted feeding of ruminants, disclosed in the embodiment 1, comprises main materials and auxiliary materials.
The main material consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of corn stalk, 30 parts of fenugreek, 30 parts of microbial fermentation material, 5 parts of tea by-product, 5 parts of caragana microphylla powder, 5 parts of corn, 5 parts of wheat bran, 5 parts of bean pulp and 5 parts of sunflower seed pulp. The microbial fermentation material is prepared by adding the composite bacterial liquid and the composite enzyme preparation into the fermentation substrate prepared by mixing tomato pomace, sorghum straw, sunflower seed meal and fenugreek.
The auxiliary materials are compound vitamins: 180-240 IU/kg of vitamin A, 34-100 IU/kg of vitamin D and 0.4mg/kg of vitamin E. Composite microbial agent: 40000cfu/g of bacillus licheniformis, 32000cfu/g of lactobacillus plantarum and 16000cfu/g of bacillus subtilis. 0.3mg/kg organic selenium and 0.3% sodium chloride bar by weight of main material.
The preparation method of the microbial beneficial living bacteria complete pellet feed for all-weather uninterrupted feeding of ruminants comprises the steps of mixing raw materials of main materials according to a proportion, dehydrating and drying the raw materials to reduce the moisture content of the main materials to 10-15%; then crushing the main materials, adding auxiliary materials and uniformly mixing; finally granulating by a circular mould granulator to obtain feed granules with the particle size of 6-8 mm, and cooling to obtain the feed.
Example 2
The microbial beneficial bacteria complete pellet feed for all-weather uninterrupted feeding of ruminants, which is disclosed in the embodiment 2, comprises main materials and auxiliary materials.
The main material consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of corn stalk, 35 parts of fenugreek, 35 parts of microbial fermentation material, 10 parts of tea by-product, 10 parts of caragana microphylla powder, 10 parts of corn, 10 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of bean pulp and 10 parts of sunflower seed pulp. The microbial fermentation material is prepared by adding the composite bacterial liquid and the composite enzyme preparation into the fermentation substrate prepared by mixing tomato pomace, sorghum straw, sunflower seed meal and fenugreek.
The auxiliary materials are compound vitamins: 180-240 IU/kg of vitamin A, 34-100 IU/kg of vitamin D and 0.4mg/kg of vitamin E. Composite microbial agent: 40000cfu/g of bacillus licheniformis, 32000cfu/g of lactobacillus plantarum and 16000cfu/g of bacillus subtilis. 0.3mg/kg organic selenium and 0.3% sodium chloride bar by weight of main material.
The preparation method of this example 2 is exactly the same as that of example 1.
Example 3
The microbial beneficial bacteria complete pellet feed for all-weather uninterrupted feeding of ruminants in embodiment 3 comprises main materials and auxiliary materials.
The main material consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of corn stalk, 40 parts of fenugreek, 40 parts of microbial fermentation material, 15 parts of tea by-product, 15 parts of caragana microphylla powder, 15 parts of corn, 15 parts of wheat bran, 15 parts of bean pulp and 15 parts of sunflower seed pulp. The microbial fermentation material is prepared by adding the composite bacterial liquid and the composite enzyme preparation into the fermentation substrate prepared by mixing tomato pomace, sorghum straw, sunflower seed meal and fenugreek.
The auxiliary materials are compound vitamins: 180-240 IU/kg of vitamin A, 34-100 IU/kg of vitamin D and 0.4mg/kg of vitamin E. Composite microbial agent: 40000cfu/g of bacillus licheniformis, 32000cfu/g of lactobacillus plantarum and 16000cfu/g of bacillus subtilis. 0.3mg/kg organic selenium and 0.3% sodium chloride bar by weight of main material.
The preparation method of this example 3 is exactly the same as that of example 1.
Feed product test
(1) Test preparation
The test time was 4 months and was carried out in a beef cattle shed. Siemens beef cattle with the weight of about 300 kg (P > 0.05) at the age of 8 months are selected for the test, and insect expelling and corresponding immunization procedures are carried out before the test, so that the body condition is healthy and the spirit is good.
Experiment group 1: the pellet feed prepared in the embodiment 2 of the invention adopts a feeding mode of 24h free feeding;
experiment group 2: the pellet feed prepared in the embodiment 2 of the invention is fed 3 times a day by adopting a timing and time-division feeding mode;
control group 1: the conventional basal ration for beef cattle comprises concentrated feed: 52% of corn, 18% of bran, 23% of bean pulp and 5.5% of premix; coarse fodder: 55% of silage corns, 10% of vinasse and 35% of hay; the weight ratio of the concentrated feed to the coarse feed is 9:10; adopts a feeding mode of 24h free feeding.
Control group 2: the same raw material formulation as the feed pellet of the embodiment 2 of the present invention is adopted, except that the fenugreek and the microbial fermentation material of the main material are removed; adopts a feeding mode of 24h free feeding.
Control group 3: the same raw material formula as the feed particles in the embodiment 2 of the invention is adopted, except that the fenugreek of the main material is removed; adopts a feeding mode of 24h free feeding.
And (3) feeding management: randomly dividing 150 beef cattle into 5 treatment groups, wherein each treatment group comprises 3 replicates, and each replicate comprises 10 beef cattle; the method of housing feeding and housing cultivation is adopted, the beef cattle housing and the surrounding environment are cleaned and thoroughly disinfected before the test, natural illumination, temperature and humidity are kept, free water consumption is realized, and the beef cattle housing is cleaned and disinfected regularly.
(2) Experimental method
The weight of each beef cattle is measured when the beef cattle enter the fence, the health condition of the beef cattle is observed at regular time during the feeding period, the beef cattle are weighed every 30 days, the material consumption is recorded, and the average daily gain, the average daily feed intake, the weight gain ratio and the morbidity are calculated and counted. The calculation formula is as follows:
(1) average body weight (kg) =total weight (kg)/number of test groups head;
(2) average daily gain (kg) =total weight gain (kg)/days of feeding (d)/head count;
(3) average daily feed intake (% kg) =total feed consumption (% kg)/days of feeding (d)/head count;
(4) weight gain ratio = average daily feed intake (kg)/average daily gain (kg).
(5) Number of disease onset: the number of beef cattle suffering from the illness (related illness symptoms such as death, cold, fever, diarrhea and the like) in the test period is counted.
At the end of the experiment, the jugular vein of the beef cattle after fasted and water-forbidden was exsanguinated. Recording the live weight of beef cattle before slaughtering, removing heads, hooves and viscera, weighing carcass after peeling, and calculating the slaughtering rate:
(6) net meat rate (%) =net meat weight/carcass weight x 100;
(7) fat content (%) =fat weight (kg)/live cow weight (kg) ×100.
(3) Experimental results
Table 1 feed nutritional index profile
As can be seen from the data of the experimental groups 1-2 and the control groups 1-3, the example 2 is the optimal example, and compared with the control groups, each index is obviously improved. Therefore, the whole-price pellet feed for all-weather uninterrupted feeding of the microbial beneficial bacteria for ruminants can be used for producing beef products with high net meat rate and low fat content. The fenugreek and the microbial fermentation material provide important nutrient substances for forming beef cattle, and the intake of energy is reduced, so that the yield of pure beef cattle can be greatly improved, and the effect of reducing the formation of fat is achieved. Also, the fatty acid composition of the ruminant meat is changed through the tea byproducts and the caragana microphylla powder, so that the meat quality and the muscle oxidation stability are improved.
By adopting the combination of the fenugreek, the microbial fermentation material, the tea by-product and the caragana microphylla powder, the average daily feed intake is obviously higher than that of other control groups. And the average daily gain, morbidity and net meat rate all have obvious differences because:
under the synergistic effect of the caragana microphylla powder and the fenugreek, the rumen efficiency is increased, the nutrient digestion rate is improved, the rumen flora is improved, the rumen fermentation is promoted, and the nutrient absorption is promoted. The microbial fermentation material and the caragana microphylla powder improve the palatability of the feed, and the feed with remarkably increased crude protein, remarkably reduced crude fat and crude fiber content and high nutritive value is provided by the cooperation of the fenugreek, contains rich fermentation products such as enzyme, beneficial bacteria, small peptide and the like, is beneficial to the growth of ruminants, and can promote the digestion of other feeds. The special combination of the fenugreek, the microbial fermentation material, the tea byproduct and the caragana microphylla powder is adopted, so that the feed is suitable for ruminant cultivation, can improve meat quality, improve organism immunity, promote animal healthy growth, has obvious weight increasing effect and improves average daily gain.
The whole-price pellet feed for all-weather uninterrupted feeding of the ruminants and the beneficial microorganism viable bacteria and other structures of the preparation method are disclosed in the prior art.
The present invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent variations and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical principles of the present invention are within the scope of the technical proposal of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a microbial beneficial living bacteria complete pellet feed that ruminant all-weather uninterrupted fed, includes major ingredient and auxiliary material, its characterized in that:
the main material consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of corn stalk, 30-40 parts of fenugreek, 30-40 parts of microbial fermentation material, 5-15 parts of tea byproduct, 5-15 parts of caragana microphylla powder, 5-15 parts of corn, 5-15 parts of wheat bran, 5-15 parts of bean pulp and 5-15 parts of sunflower seed pulp;
the auxiliary materials comprise compound vitamins, compound microbial agents, organic selenium and sodium chloride.
2. The all-weather uninterrupted feeding microbial beneficial bacteria complete pellet feed for ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the microbial beneficial bacteria complete pellet feed is characterized in that:
the microbial fermentation material is prepared by adding a composite bacterial liquid and a composite enzyme preparation into a fermentation substrate prepared by mixing tomato pomace, sorghum straw, sunflower seed meal and fenugreek.
3. The all-weather uninterrupted feeding microbial beneficial bacteria complete pellet feed for ruminants according to claim 2, wherein the microbial beneficial bacteria complete pellet feed is characterized in that:
the mass ratio of the tomato pomace, the sorghum straw, the sunflower seed meal and the fenugreek is 6:8:4:1, a step of;
wherein the sunflower seed meal is crushed to a granularity of 2.0mm, and the sorghum straw and the fenugreek are crushed to a length of 2-5 cm.
4. The all-weather uninterrupted feeding microbial beneficial bacteria complete pellet feed for ruminants according to claim 2, wherein the microbial beneficial bacteria complete pellet feed is characterized in that:
the composite bacterial liquid consists of lactobacillus acidophilus, bacillus subtilis and saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the dosage of the composite bacterial liquid is 0.2% of the weight of the fermentation substrate;
the complex enzyme preparation consists of protease and cellulase in a mass ratio of 1:1, and the complex enzyme preparation adopts 1000U/kg.
5. The all-weather uninterrupted feeding microbial beneficial bacteria complete pellet feed for ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the microbial beneficial bacteria complete pellet feed is characterized in that:
the tea by-product is wet green tea by-product and is prepared by silage.
6. The all-weather uninterrupted feeding microbial beneficial bacteria complete pellet feed for ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the microbial beneficial bacteria complete pellet feed is characterized in that:
the compound microbial agent comprises 40000cfu/g of bacillus licheniformis, 32000cfu/g of lactobacillus plantarum and 16000cfu/g of bacillus subtilis.
7. The all-weather uninterrupted feeding microbial beneficial bacteria complete pellet feed for ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the microbial beneficial bacteria complete pellet feed is characterized in that:
the content of the organic selenium is 0.3mg/kg, and the dosage of the sodium chloride bar is 0.3 percent of the weight of the main material.
8. The all-weather uninterrupted feeding microbial beneficial bacteria complete pellet feed for ruminants according to claim 1, wherein the microbial beneficial bacteria complete pellet feed is characterized in that:
the compound vitamin comprises 180-240 IU/kg of vitamin A, 34-100 IU/kg of vitamin D3 and vitamin E
0.4mg/kg。
9. A method for preparing a microbial beneficial bacteria complete pellet feed for all-weather uninterrupted feeding by ruminants according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the preparation method comprises the following steps:
after the raw materials of the main materials are mixed according to the proportion, the water content of the main materials is reduced to 10-15% by dehydration and drying; then crushing the main materials, adding auxiliary materials and uniformly mixing; finally granulating by a circular mould granulator to obtain feed granules with the particle size of 6-8 mm, and cooling to obtain the feed.
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