CN116430127A - Method for reducing lightning positioning ground flash error - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for reducing lightning positioning ground flash errors, and belongs to the technical field of disaster prevention and reduction of meteorological disasters. The method comprises the steps of firstly, positioning according to a multi-station lightning positioning principle, and primarily determining the position coordinates of lightning stroke points; based on the real topography and the flat topography, a time domain finite difference method is adopted to determine the position coordinates of lightning stroke points, cluster analysis is carried out on the measuring stations according to the waveform differences of magnetic field changes of different measuring stations under the conditions of the flat topography and the real topography, part of the measuring stations are screened to be positioned again according to the cluster analysis result, the measuring stations with large errors caused by the topography and topography differences of the arrival time of the ground waves are screened through the cluster analysis, the precision of lightning positioning is improved, and references and bases are provided for later accident event analysis.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of weather disaster prevention and reduction, and particularly relates to a method for reducing lightning positioning ground flash errors.
Background
Lightning disasters are a very serious meteorological disaster, and cause a great deal of casualties and economic losses of up to hundreds of millions of yuan each year. With the development of society, departments such as meteorological, electric power, civil aviation, agriculture and forestry all put forward higher requirements on lightning location. Electromagnetic radiation generated by long-channel ground flash back and cloud flash processes is mainly concentrated in Low Frequency (LF) and Very Low Frequency (VLF), so lightning electromagnetic waves in this frequency band are widely used in lightning location.
Along with the development of measurement technology and the application of a high-speed computer, high-performance lightning detection networks are arranged all over the world, and the occurrence position and time of lightning stroke can be calculated by utilizing the signal arrival time and arrival direction information provided by a plurality of sensors, and meanwhile, the intensity of the lightning stroke can be estimated and the polarity of the lightning stroke can be judged.
The multi-station lightning positioning technology commonly adopts a time difference positioning method (TDOA, time Difference Of Arrival), namely, the time difference of reaching different stations based on lightning electromagnetic signals is utilized to position by utilizing the principle of hyperbola intersection. In the TDOA positioning technology, the distance between measuring stations is fixed, a hyperbola can be constructed by utilizing the time difference of lightning signals reaching two measuring stations, and a plurality of hyperbolas constructed by a plurality of measuring stations are intersected at a certain point, namely the position of the lightning radiation origin. The three-station time difference can be calculated by a hyperbola method to obtain the two-dimensional longitude and latitude coordinates of the radiation source point, the four-station time difference can be calculated by a hyperbola method to obtain the three-dimensional space coordinates of the radiation source point, for the five-station time difference data, the three-dimensional space coordinates and the occurrence time of the radiation source point are calculated by solving a nonlinear equation set, and more synchronous time information is used for optimizing the positioning result.
The accuracy of TDOA location is directly related to the error of the time measurement, and the effects of terrain or environmental disturbances may lead to errors on the order of meters to kilometers. The error in time measurement is mainly from 4 sources: (1) a terrain-induced increase in the arrival time of the electromagnetic signal; (2) The propagation speed of the electromagnetic signal along the consumable surface is less than the speed of light in vacuum; (3) GPS time service precision; (4) arrival times calculated by different methods. Wherein the terrain-induced time measurement error is related to the degree of relief of the terrain, and the statistics indicate that the terrain-induced time measurement error is about 1 mus for every 100km for a long wave signal propagating along the earth surface. The time error caused by the topography has a larger influence on the positioning result, which also leads to that the TDOA positioning result often has larger deviation in mountain areas with rough topography, particularly when the topography difference of lightning stroke points from each measuring station is larger, the electromagnetic propagation from the real lightning stroke points to each measuring station is different in propagation delay caused by the large topography difference, the arrival time is increased due to the error caused by the topography, and the positioning error is further increased. Therefore, how to overcome the defects of the prior art is a problem to be solved in the technical field of disaster prevention and reduction of meteorological disasters at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a method for reducing lightning positioning ground flash errors.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method of reducing lightning location ground flash error comprising the steps of:
step 1: positioning according to a multi-station lightning positioning principle by a lightning positioning system, and primarily determining the point position coordinates of lightning strokes; wherein, the position coordinates of the lightning stroke points are determined, and the number of the stations participating in positioning measurement is more than 3;
step 2: based on the real topography and the flat topography, adopting a time domain finite difference method to determine the coordinates of the lightning stroke points, simulating the magnetic field waveforms from the lightning stroke points to the measuring stations of the lightning positioning system which participate in positioning under the conditions of the flat topography and the real topography, and calculating the difference value of the arrival time of the lightning stroke points to the ground waves of the measuring stations which participate in positioning under the conditions of the real topography and the flat topography;
step 3: analyzing the difference value of the arrival time of the ground wave from the lightning stroke point to the measuring station participating in positioning under the conditions of real topography and flat topography by adopting a clustering method, and dividing the measuring station participating in positioning into one cluster or a plurality of clusters and measuring stations not in any cluster according to the analysis result;
step 4: removing the measuring stations which are not in any cluster, selecting a cluster with the number not less than 3, and positioning according to the step 1;
if the number of the multi-cluster internal measuring stations is not less than 3, carrying out aggregation analysis on the difference value of the arrival time of the ground wave of each cluster internal measuring station in the multi-cluster under the condition of real topography and flat topography, and selecting the cluster with the highest aggregation degree to position according to the step 1 again so as to determine the position coordinates of the lightning stroke point;
step 5: and (3) repeating the steps 2 to 4 until the position coordinates of the determined lightning stroke point are not changed any more.
Further, it is preferable that in step 1, the location coordinates of the lightning stroke point are preliminarily determined based on the principle of the time difference positioning method.
Further, preferably, in step 2, the actual topography data is DEM data, and the data range covers the effective range that can be measured by the lightning location system.
Further, preferably, in step 3, the clustering method is a density-based clustering analysis method, and the method for calculating the neighborhood radius is as follows: the method comprises the steps of adopting the absolute value of the difference value between the lightning stroke points and the arrival time of ground waves of all measuring stations participating in positioning under the conditions of real topography and flat topography, summing the absolute values of the difference values, and then averaging, wherein the obtained average value is a neighborhood radius value; the minimum number of points is the number of stations that can be positioned. The density-based cluster analysis method adopted by the invention is an existing method, such as DBSCAN, and the invention does not redundant description of the method.
Further, preferably, in step 4, the specific method of aggregation analysis is as follows: taking the maximum value and the minimum value of the absolute values of the arrival time differences of the ground waves of the measuring stations in the cluster under the conditions of real topography and flat topography, wherein the average value after addition is a cluster center value, carrying out phase difference between the absolute values of the arrival time differences of the ground waves of different measuring stations in the cluster under the conditions of real topography and flat topography and the cluster center value, carrying out average on the absolute values of the difference values obtained by the phase difference, and increasing the aggregation degree as the average value is smaller.
Further, it is preferable that in step 4, if there are not less than 3 stations among the plurality of clusters, the cluster having the highest aggregation degree haslThe number of the two-dimensional space-saving type,lnot less than 2, but thislFrom there, the number of stations in the cluster is differentlThe clusters with a large number of measuring stations in the clusters are selected, and positioning is carried out again according to the step 1, so that the position coordinates of the lightning stroke points are determined; when this islAnd (3) if m clusters with more stations are found, and m is more than or equal to 2, randomly selecting one cluster from the m clusters, and positioning according to the step (1) again to determine the position coordinates of the lightning stroke point.
Further, in step 4, preferably, if there are not less than 3 stations in each of the plurality of clusters, and n is greater than or equal to 2 in the cluster with the highest aggregation degree, but the number of the stations in each of the n clusters is the same, one cluster is arbitrarily selected from the n clusters, and positioning is performed according to step 1 again, so as to determine the lightning stroke point position coordinates.
In the invention, the station which is not in any cluster is rejected each time, and the next positioning and clustering are not participated.
Firstly, primarily determining lightning stroke points according to a multi-station lightning positioning principle (more than 3 stations participating in positioning measuring stations) through a lightning positioning system; secondly, a time domain finite difference method (FDTD, finite Difference Time Domain) is adopted based on the actual topography and the flat topography, lightning stroke points are taken as lightning stroke occurrence positions, magnetic field change waveforms from the lightning stroke points to measuring stations of a lightning positioning system participating in positioning under the conditions of the flat topography and the actual topography are simulated, clustering analysis is carried out on the measuring stations according to the magnetic field change waveform differences of different measuring stations under the conditions of the flat topography and the actual topography, partial measuring stations are screened to be positioned again through the clustering analysis result, measuring stations with large errors caused by the topography variability of the arrival time of the ground wave are screened through the clustering analysis, the lightning stroke points are positioned again through the measuring stations with high data aggregation degree, and errors caused by the topography variability of the arrival time of the ground wave are reduced through screening of the measuring stations with large influence on the topography variability, so that the lightning positioning precision is improved. By the method, lightning positioning errors can be reduced, the lightning positioning accuracy is improved, and references and bases are provided for analysis of later accident events.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
when the lightning positioning calculation is carried out by utilizing all the observation data in the detection network, the observation quantity contains errors, the positioning result of the lightning target necessarily contains errors, and when the redundant observation quantity is increased, the precision of the lightning positioning result obtained by the weighted least square method is improved. However, the more observables that participate in the positioning calculation, the greater the probability of coarse errors (errors that are larger than the general measurement errors) occurring. Rough differences are caused by local electromagnetic noise, propagation errors of electric waves over complex terrain, and the like. If the rough differences are not removed, huge lightning positioning errors are caused. For the method of removing the coarse difference, a method of statistical verification and robust estimation is generally adopted. The statistical verification is widely applied, but has poor effect when a plurality of coarse differences exist in the measured data. The key of robust estimation is to construct an effective weight function, but finding a suitable general weight function is difficult to construct, and is inconvenient for engineering practical application. Particularly in the lightning detection field, no better method and means for removing the gross error exist at present. In the southwest mountain area of China, the influence on the propagation of lightning electromagnetic signals is large, the lightning positioning error is also large, the average lightning positioning error in the Yunnan area is about 1km, and the reduction of the lightning positioning error becomes the key for improving the system positioning precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a positioning result diagram of application example 1; wherein, (a) is a preliminary determination of the location coordinates of the lightning strike point; (b) the final positioning result of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a plot of the time difference of arrival of ground waves for the actual and flat terrain conditions from the lightning strike point to each station after the initial positioning of application example 2;
FIG. 3 is a positioning result diagram of application example 2; wherein, (a) is a preliminary determination of the location coordinates of the lightning strike point; (b) is the final positioning result of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples are illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. The specific techniques or conditions are not identified in the examples and are performed according to techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product specifications. The materials or equipment used are conventional products available from commercial sources, not identified to the manufacturer.
Example 1
A method of reducing lightning location ground flash error comprising the steps of:
step 1: positioning according to a multi-station lightning positioning principle by a lightning positioning system, and primarily determining the point position coordinates of lightning strokes; wherein, the position coordinates of the lightning stroke points are determined, and the number of the stations participating in positioning measurement is more than 3;
step 2: based on the real topography and the flat topography, adopting a time domain finite difference method to determine the coordinates of the lightning stroke points, simulating the magnetic field waveforms from the lightning stroke points to the measuring stations of the lightning positioning system which participate in positioning under the conditions of the flat topography and the real topography, and calculating the difference value of the arrival time of the lightning stroke points to the ground waves of the measuring stations which participate in positioning under the conditions of the real topography and the flat topography;
step 3: analyzing the difference value of the arrival time of the ground wave from the lightning stroke point to the measuring station participating in positioning under the conditions of real topography and flat topography by adopting a clustering method, and dividing the measuring station participating in positioning into one cluster or a plurality of clusters and measuring stations not in any cluster according to the analysis result;
step 4: removing the measuring stations which are not in any cluster, selecting a cluster with the number not less than 3, and positioning according to the step 1;
if the number of the multi-cluster internal measuring stations is not less than 3, carrying out aggregation analysis on the difference value of the arrival time of the ground wave of each cluster internal measuring station in the multi-cluster under the condition of real topography and flat topography, and selecting the cluster with the highest aggregation degree to position according to the step 1 again so as to determine the position coordinates of the lightning stroke point;
step 5: and (3) repeating the steps 2 to 4 until the position coordinates of the determined lightning stroke point are not changed any more.
Example 2
A method of reducing lightning location ground flash error comprising the steps of:
step 1: positioning according to a multi-station lightning positioning principle by a lightning positioning system, and primarily determining the point position coordinates of lightning strokes; wherein, the position coordinates of the lightning stroke points are determined, and the number of the stations participating in positioning measurement is more than 3;
step 2: based on the real topography and the flat topography, adopting a time domain finite difference method to determine the coordinates of the lightning stroke points, simulating the magnetic field waveforms from the lightning stroke points to the measuring stations of the lightning positioning system which participate in positioning under the conditions of the flat topography and the real topography, and calculating the difference value of the arrival time of the lightning stroke points to the ground waves of the measuring stations which participate in positioning under the conditions of the real topography and the flat topography;
step 3: analyzing the difference value of the arrival time of the ground wave from the lightning stroke point to the measuring station participating in positioning under the conditions of real topography and flat topography by adopting a clustering method, and dividing the measuring station participating in positioning into one cluster or a plurality of clusters and measuring stations not in any cluster according to the analysis result;
step 4: removing the measuring stations which are not in any cluster, selecting a cluster with the number not less than 3, and positioning according to the step 1;
if the number of the multi-cluster internal measuring stations is not less than 3, carrying out aggregation analysis on the difference value of the arrival time of the ground wave of each cluster internal measuring station in the multi-cluster under the condition of real topography and flat topography, and selecting the cluster with the highest aggregation degree to position according to the step 1 again so as to determine the position coordinates of the lightning stroke point;
step 5: and (3) repeating the steps 2 to 4 until the position coordinates of the determined lightning stroke point are not changed any more.
In the step 1, the position coordinates of the lightning stroke points are primarily determined based on the principle of a time difference positioning method.
In the step 2, the actual topography data adopts DEM data, and the data range covers the effective range which can be measured by the lightning positioning system.
In the step 3, the clustering method is a density-based clustering analysis method, and the calculation method of the neighborhood radius is as follows: the method comprises the steps of adopting the absolute value of the difference value between the lightning stroke points and the arrival time of ground waves of all measuring stations participating in positioning under the conditions of real topography and flat topography, summing the absolute values of the difference values, and then averaging, wherein the obtained average value is a neighborhood radius value; the minimum number of points is the number of stations that can be positioned.
In the step 4, the specific method for analyzing the aggregation degree is as follows: taking the maximum value and the minimum value of the absolute values of the arrival time differences of the ground waves of the measuring stations in the cluster under the conditions of real topography and flat topography, wherein the average value after addition is a cluster center value, carrying out phase difference between the absolute values of the arrival time differences of the ground waves of different measuring stations in the cluster under the conditions of real topography and flat topography and the cluster center value, carrying out average on the absolute values of the difference values obtained by the phase difference, and increasing the aggregation degree as the average value is smaller.
Example 3
A method of reducing lightning location ground flash error comprising the steps of:
step 1: positioning according to a multi-station lightning positioning principle by a lightning positioning system, and primarily determining the point position coordinates of lightning strokes; wherein, the position coordinates of the lightning stroke points are determined, and the number of the stations participating in positioning measurement is more than 3;
step 2: based on the real topography and the flat topography, adopting a time domain finite difference method to determine the coordinates of the lightning stroke points, simulating the magnetic field waveforms from the lightning stroke points to the measuring stations of the lightning positioning system which participate in positioning under the conditions of the flat topography and the real topography, and calculating the difference value of the arrival time of the lightning stroke points to the ground waves of the measuring stations which participate in positioning under the conditions of the real topography and the flat topography;
step 3: analyzing the difference value of the arrival time of the ground wave from the lightning stroke point to the measuring station participating in positioning under the conditions of real topography and flat topography by adopting a clustering method, and dividing the measuring station participating in positioning into one cluster or a plurality of clusters and measuring stations not in any cluster according to the analysis result;
step 4: removing the measuring stations which are not in any cluster, selecting a cluster with the number not less than 3, and positioning according to the step 1;
if the number of the multi-cluster internal measuring stations is not less than 3, carrying out aggregation analysis on the difference value of the arrival time of the ground wave of each cluster internal measuring station in the multi-cluster under the condition of real topography and flat topography, and selecting the cluster with the highest aggregation degree to position according to the step 1 again so as to determine the position coordinates of the lightning stroke point;
step 5: and (3) repeating the steps 2 to 4 until the position coordinates of the determined lightning stroke point are not changed any more.
In the step 1, the position coordinates of the lightning stroke points are primarily determined based on the principle of a time difference positioning method.
In the step 2, the actual topography data adopts DEM data, and the data range covers the effective range which can be measured by the lightning positioning system.
In the step 3, the clustering method is a density-based clustering analysis method, and the calculation method of the neighborhood radius is as follows: the method comprises the steps of adopting the absolute value of the difference value between the lightning stroke points and the arrival time of ground waves of all measuring stations participating in positioning under the conditions of real topography and flat topography, summing the absolute values of the difference values, and then averaging, wherein the obtained average value is a neighborhood radius value; the minimum number of points is the number of stations that can be positioned.
In the step 4, the specific method for analyzing the aggregation degree is as follows: taking the maximum value and the minimum value of the absolute values of the arrival time differences of the ground waves of the measuring stations in the cluster under the conditions of real topography and flat topography, wherein the average value after addition is a cluster center value, carrying out phase difference between the absolute values of the arrival time differences of the ground waves of different measuring stations in the cluster under the conditions of real topography and flat topography and the cluster center value, carrying out average on the absolute values of the difference values obtained by the phase difference, and increasing the aggregation degree as the average value is smaller.
In step 4, if there are more than 3 stations in the cluster, there are clusters with highest aggregation degreelThe number of the two-dimensional space-saving type,lnot less than 2, but thislFrom there, the number of stations in the cluster is differentlThe clusters with a large number of measuring stations in the clusters are selected, and positioning is carried out again according to the step 1, so that the position coordinates of the lightning stroke points are determined; when this islAnd (3) if m clusters with more stations are found, and m is more than or equal to 2, randomly selecting one cluster from the m clusters, and positioning according to the step (1) again to determine the position coordinates of the lightning stroke point.
In the step 4, if the number of the stations in the plurality of clusters is not less than 3, and the number of the clusters with the highest aggregation degree is n and is not less than 2, but the number of the stations in the n clusters is the same, one cluster is arbitrarily selected from the n clusters to be positioned according to the step 1, so that the position coordinates of the lightning stroke point are determined.
Application example 1
Application example 1 a method for reducing lightning location ground flash error comprising the steps of:
step 1: positioning according to a passive positioning principle of time difference positioning by a lightning positioning system, and primarily determining the position coordinates of lightning stroke points; wherein, the position coordinates of the lightning stroke points are determined, and the number of the stations participating in positioning measurement is more than 3;
as shown in FIG. 1, R 1 S is the place where lightning occurs 1 -S 8 For the station involved in positioning, let the planar coordinates of the lightning strike point be (x, y), the coordinates of the station be (x i ，y i ) (i= … 8, station number), t is the time of lightning occurrence, t i For the time of the lightning wave reaching the ith station, the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave is c, and the time measurement error is epsilon i (i=1 …,) the following set of equations can be derived from the arrival time:
since the time of occurrence of the ground flash is unknown t, the above equation can be rewritten into the form of hyperbolic intersection localization:
according to the definition of hyperbolas, each row in the formula (2) is determined to be a single-leaf hyperbola on a plane, the occurrence position of the ground flash can be obtained by calculating the intersection point of the hyperbolas, and then the obtained lightning stroke point position coordinates are substituted into the formula (1) to calculate the occurrence time of the ground flash. Measurement epsilon is typically ignored in the equation solving process i The location coordinates and time of the lightning strike points calculated by the equation set will contain errors. When the calculation is performed on the ellipsoids of the earth, the earth flash positioning equation of the corresponding ellipsoids can be listed.
the time domain finite difference method is a numerical simulation algorithm based on a Maxwell equation set, wherein the instantaneous field quantity at the later moment is calculated from the instantaneous field quantity at the previous moment, so as to gradually calculate and simulate the propagation process of electromagnetic waves in the time space when the time moves forward. As shown in fig. 1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8 are 8 stations, where R1 is a true lightning strike occurrence point (diamond point), and the lightning strike point determined according to the arrival time method of step 1 is C1, where the distance between C1 and R1 is 223.6 meters (square point shown in fig. 1). And simulating the magnetic field waveforms of the C1 to each measuring station under the conditions of flat terrain and real terrain by adopting an FDTD method by taking the C1 point as a base point, and calculating the difference value of the arrival time of the ground waves of the C1 to 8 stations under the conditions of the real terrain and the flat terrain to be shown in a table 1.
TABLE 1
Step 3: analyzing the difference value of the arrival time of the ground wave from the lightning stroke point to the measuring station participating in positioning under the conditions of real topography and flat topography by adopting a clustering method, and dividing the measuring station participating in positioning into one cluster or a plurality of clusters and measuring stations not in any cluster according to the analysis result;
the neighborhood radius is obtained by calculating the average value after the difference between the two ground wave arrival time of the lightning stroke points to all the measuring stations participating in positioning under the condition of real topography and flat topography, and the neighborhood radius is the neighborhood radius value. The minimum number of points is the number of stations that can be positioned. Calculating the neighborhood radius r according to Table 1 t The minimum number is 3 dotted at 2.34 mus.
r t For the neighborhood radius, tt i ，tt j The absolute value of the arrival time difference value of the ground wave under the conditions of the real topography and the flat topography of the ith and jth measuring station.
Step 4: removing the measuring stations which are not in any cluster, selecting a cluster with the number not less than 3, and positioning according to the step 1; the clusters are selected by the following method: that is, any measuring station meets the following conditions and is the same cluster:
according to the calculated neighborhood radius of 2.34 mu S, S1-S7 is in one cluster, S8 is not in any cluster, S8 can be removed, the rest stations S1-S7 are selected to be positioned again to obtain a lightning stroke point C2 (shown in figure 1), and the distance between C2 and the R1 point is 164 meters. And (3) repeating the steps 2 to 4, and finally determining the lightning stroke point position as C2.
Application example 2
Similarly, the same 8 measuring stations as in application example 1 are provided, FIG. 2 shows the difference of arrival time from the lightning strike point located after one lightning strike process location to the ground wave under the condition of the real topography and the flat topography of each measuring station, the lightning strike point determined according to the arrival time method of step 1 is C1, the distance between C1 and R1 is 1772.5 meters (as shown in FIG. 3, R1 is the real lightning strike point, the diamond point, and C1 is the lightning strike point determined by the arrival time method, the square point), and the neighborhood radius R is calculated at this time t 3.56 μs, S1-S4 in one cluster, S6-S8 in one cluster, and S5 not in any cluster. The cluster core calculating method comprises the following steps:
tt c is the cluster core value, tt max As the absolute value maximum in the cluster, tt min Is the absolute value minimum within the cluster. The cluster center of the cluster where S1-S4 is located is 4.90 mu S, and the cluster center of the cluster where S6-S8 is located is 8.95 mu S. Then calculate the degree of aggregation from the following formula:
j is the aggregation degree of a certain cluster, and n is the number of elements in the cluster. The degree of aggregation of S1 to S4 calculated by the above formula was 0.331. Mu.s, and the degree of aggregation of S6 to S8 was 1.39. Mu.s. And (3) positioning again by selecting S1-S4, wherein the lightning strike points C2 are obtained by repositioning S1-S4, and the distance between the C2 and the R1 point is 86 meters (as shown in figure 3, square points). And (3) repeating the steps 2 to 4, and finally determining the lightning stroke point position as C2.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. A method for reducing lightning location ground flash errors, comprising the steps of:
step 1: positioning according to a multi-station lightning positioning principle by a lightning positioning system, and primarily determining the point position coordinates of lightning strokes; wherein, the position coordinates of the lightning stroke points are determined, and the number of the stations participating in positioning measurement is more than 3;
step 2: based on the real topography and the flat topography, adopting a time domain finite difference method to determine the coordinates of the lightning stroke points, simulating the magnetic field waveforms from the lightning stroke points to the measuring stations of the lightning positioning system which participate in positioning under the conditions of the flat topography and the real topography, and calculating the difference value of the arrival time of the lightning stroke points to the ground waves of the measuring stations which participate in positioning under the conditions of the real topography and the flat topography;
step 3: analyzing the difference value of the arrival time of the ground wave from the lightning stroke point to the measuring station participating in positioning under the conditions of real topography and flat topography by adopting a clustering method, and dividing the measuring station participating in positioning into one cluster or a plurality of clusters and measuring stations not in any cluster according to the analysis result;
step 4: removing the measuring stations which are not in any cluster, selecting a cluster with the number not less than 3, and positioning according to the step 1;
if the number of the multi-cluster internal measuring stations is not less than 3, carrying out aggregation analysis on the difference value of the arrival time of the ground wave of each cluster internal measuring station in the multi-cluster under the condition of real topography and flat topography, and selecting the cluster with the highest aggregation degree to position according to the step 1 again so as to determine the position coordinates of the lightning stroke point;
step 5: and (3) repeating the steps 2 to 4 until the position coordinates of the determined lightning stroke point are not changed any more.
2. The method for reducing lightning location ground fault as defined in claim 1, wherein in step 1, the location coordinates of the lightning strike point are initially determined based on a time difference location principle.
3. The method for reducing lightning location ground flash error according to claim 1, wherein in step 2, the actual topography data adopts DEM data, and the data range covers the effective range that can be measured by the lightning location system.
4. The method for reducing lightning location ground flash error according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the clustering method is a density-based clustering analysis method, and the calculation method of the neighborhood radius is as follows: the method comprises the steps of adopting the absolute value of the difference value between the lightning stroke points and the arrival time of ground waves of all measuring stations participating in positioning under the conditions of real topography and flat topography, summing the absolute values of the difference values, and then averaging, wherein the obtained average value is a neighborhood radius value; the minimum number of points is the number of stations that can be positioned.
5. The method for reducing lightning location ground fault as defined in claim 1, wherein in step 4, the specific method for analyzing the concentration is: taking the maximum value and the minimum value of the absolute values of the arrival time differences of the ground waves of the measuring stations in the cluster under the conditions of real topography and flat topography, wherein the average value after addition is a cluster center value, carrying out phase difference between the absolute values of the arrival time differences of the ground waves of different measuring stations in the cluster under the conditions of real topography and flat topography and the cluster center value, carrying out average on the absolute values of the difference values obtained by the phase difference, and increasing the aggregation degree as the average value is smaller.
6. The method of reducing lightning location ground fault as defined in claim 1, wherein in step 4, if there are more than 3 stations in the cluster, there are clusters with highest concentrationlThe number of the two-dimensional space-saving type,lnot less than 2, but thislFrom there, the number of stations in the cluster is differentlThe clusters with a large number of measuring stations in the clusters are selected, and positioning is carried out again according to the step 1, so that the position coordinates of the lightning stroke points are determined; when this islAnd (3) if m clusters with more stations are found, and m is more than or equal to 2, randomly selecting one cluster from the m clusters, and positioning according to the step (1) again to determine the position coordinates of the lightning stroke point.
7. The method for reducing lightning location ground fault as defined in claim 1, wherein in step 4, if there are not less than 3 stations in each of the plurality of clusters, and n is greater than or equal to 2 in the cluster with the highest concentration, but the number of stations in each of the n clusters is the same, then optionally selecting one of the n clusters and positioning according to step 1 again to determine the lightning stroke point location coordinates.
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