CN116243056A - Ground wave identification method and system for lightning location - Google Patents
Ground wave identification method and system for lightning location Download PDFInfo
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- CN116243056A CN116243056A CN202310007610.3A CN202310007610A CN116243056A CN 116243056 A CN116243056 A CN 116243056A CN 202310007610 A CN202310007610 A CN 202310007610A CN 116243056 A CN116243056 A CN 116243056A
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- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
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Abstract
The invention relates to a ground wave identification method and a ground wave identification system for lightning location, wherein the method comprises the following steps: simulating ground wave-sky wave propagation characteristics excited by lightning in an earth-ionosphere cavity based on 2D FDTD, and establishing a ground wave-electric wave database of different distance range within 2000km at intervals; matching the observed lightning electromagnetic field waveform with a database, and determining the most likely distance range of lightning according to the size of the correlation coefficient; and acquiring the position and the arrival time of the ground wave of the waveform when the waveform is matched according to the known relative positions and the time of the ground wave and the sky wave in the analog waveform. The invention can rapidly identify the position range of the ground wave, judge the arrival time of the ground wave, and is beneficial to the improvement of the accuracy of the time difference positioning algorithm under the conditions of long distance and large station measuring waveform difference.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of disaster prevention and reduction of meteorological disasters, and particularly relates to a ground wave identification method and system for lightning positioning.
Background
Lightning disasters are a very serious meteorological disaster, and cause a great deal of casualties and economic losses of up to hundreds of millions of yuan each year. With the development of society, departments such as meteorological, electric power, civil aviation, agriculture and forestry all put forward higher requirements on lightning location and discharge parameter inversion. Electromagnetic radiation generated by long-channel ground flash back and cloud flash processes is mainly concentrated in Low Frequency (LF) and Very Low Frequency (VLF), so lightning electromagnetic waves in this frequency band are widely used in lightning location. However, lightning locating systems in China are obviously insufficient in lightning detection on plateaus, deserts and oceans at present. Besides satellite lightning observation, the establishment of a wide area foundation lightning detection network is an important means for overcoming the defect. In the cavity formed by the earth and the ionized layer, electromagnetic waves generated by lightning discharge can propagate along the ground surface in the form of ground waves, and can also reflect back and forth between the ground surface and the low-layer ionized layer to propagate forwards in the form of sky waves. In the range of hundreds to thousands of kilometers, the sky wave overlaps with the earth wave waveform, and the far-field waveform becomes very complex due to factors such as ionospheric state and geomagnetic field.
For ultra-long distance lightning electromagnetic wave propagation, the electromagnetic pulse propagates in a cavity formed by the electromagnetic pulse. In earth-ionosphere waveguides, LEMPs either propagate along the ground surface in the form of ground waves or reflect back and forth between the ground and the low ionosphere over long distances in the form of sky waves. Lightning electromagnetic waves observed within a range of tens to hundreds of kilometers from the discharge channel are mainly ground waves, and the amplitude of the ground waves is small and has obvious time interval with the ground waves. Ground finite conductivity, undulating surface and earth curvature are the main factors affecting the propagation of ground waves in the lightning LF band. Whereas in the range of hundreds to thousands of kilometers, the sky wave is enhanced and overlaps with the ground wave, and the parameter of the low ionosphere becomes a main factor affecting the lightning far field. For the ELF frequency band electromagnetic wave generated by the lightning discharge, the earth wave and the sky wave components cannot be distinguished when the ELF frequency band electromagnetic wave propagates in the earth-ionosphere waveguide, so that the ELF frequency band electromagnetic wave can be considered to propagate in the earth-ionosphere waveguide in the form of a guided electromagnetic wave.
Therefore, how to accurately identify the arrival time of the ultra-long distance lightning electromagnetic wave is of great importance. The multi-station lightning positioning technology commonly adopts a time of arrival (TOA) method, namely, the time difference of reaching different measuring stations based on lightning electromagnetic signals is adopted, and then positioning is carried out by utilizing the principle of hyperbola intersection. It is therefore important how to accurately identify the time differences between the arrival of the excited electromagnetic pulses at the different stations during the lightning discharge. For short-distance lightning within 100-200km, due to the close propagation distance of electromagnetic pulses, the similarity is very high, and the good positioning can be realized by adopting a cross-correlation or peak-by-peak method. However, as the observation distance increases (e.g., over 300km or more), the time difference cannot be identified by cross correlation or peak method due to interference of the sky wave signal.
It can be seen that, with the increase of the propagation distance, when the propagation distance exceeds about 300km, the ground wave propagating along the earth surface and the sky wave reflected by the ionosphere are interwoven together, which is difficult to distinguish accurately, and this causes great trouble to the long baseline wide area lightning positioning technology, because the wide area lightning positioning mainly uses the propagation time difference of the ground wave, and if the ground wave cannot be identified accurately, the accuracy of lightning positioning can be seriously affected.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a ground wave identification method and a ground wave identification system for lightning positioning, which are suitable for investigation and identification of lightning disaster accidents, early warning and forecasting of lightning disasters and lightning protection. The invention aims to provide a method for carrying out ultra-long-distance lightning positioning by utilizing an algorithm of ground wave identification. Firstly, simulating the ground wave-sky wave propagation characteristics excited by lightning in an earth-ionosphere cavity by using a 2D FDTD technology, and establishing a ground wave-electric wave database with different distance range within 2000km at intervals of 50 km; then, the observed lightning electromagnetic field waveform is matched with a database, and the distance range in which lightning is most likely to appear is determined according to the size of the correlation coefficient. Finally, because the relative position change of the ground wave and the sky wave in the waveform library is known, the position range of the ground wave can be known by comparing the similarity of the actual observed waveform and the waveform library, and the arrival time of the ground wave can be obtained.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a ground wave identification method for lightning location, comprising the steps of:
simulating the ground wave-sky wave propagation characteristics excited by lightning in an earth-ionosphere cavity based on 2D FDTD, and establishing a ground wave-electric wave database of different distance range within 2000km at intervals;
step (2) matching the observed lightning electromagnetic field waveform with a database, and determining the most likely distance range of lightning according to the size of a correlation coefficient;
and (3) acquiring the position and the arrival time of the ground wave of the waveform when the waveform is matched according to the known relative positions and the known time of the ground wave and the sky wave in the analog waveform.
Further, in the step (1), a ground wave-electric wave database of different distance range within 2000km is built every 50 km intervals.
Further, in the step (2), during matching, the observed waveform is matched with waveforms of all different distance segments in the library one by one, and the waveform in the distance segment with the highest similarity is selected as a reference to determine the arrival time of the ground wave.
Further, in the step (2), when the specific similarity is matched, the positive and negative sides are matched once respectively, and a waveform with a higher correlation coefficient is selected as a reference.
Further, after the observed waveform data is matched with the simulated waveforms in the library, the ground wave peak position in the observed waveform is observed.
Further, after the step (3), the method further comprises: wide area positioning is performed based on the multi-station arrival time differences.
Further, a maximum value is found as the arrival time of the peak of the ground wave in a range of 5 μs around the peak point of the ground wave.
The invention also relates to a ground wave identification system for lightning location, comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that: the steps of the above method are carried out by the processor when executing the computer program.
The invention also relates to an electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program on the memory and executable on the processor, which processor implements the steps of the above method when executing the computer program.
The invention also relates to a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method as described above.
In the invention, the difference of the ionosphere at daytime and evening and the anisotropy of the geomagnetic field are considered, the 2D FDTD technology is utilized to simulate the ground wave-sky wave propagation characteristics of lightning excitation in the earth-ionosphere cavity, and a ground wave-electric wave database with different distance ranges within 2000km is built every 50 km intervals.
And matching the observed lightning electromagnetic field waveform with the database, and matching the observed waveform with waveforms of all different distance segments in the database one by one, and selecting the waveform in the distance segment with the highest similarity as a reference for determining the arrival time of the ground wave. When the specific similarity is matched, the polarity problem of lightning is considered, and the positive and negative parts of the lightning are respectively matched once, so that waveforms with higher correlation coefficients are selected as references.
Since the data in the waveform library is an analog waveform, the relative positions and arrival times of the ground wave and the sky wave are known, and thus the ground wave arrival time of the actually observed waveform can be determined in the waveform similarity matching.
For short-distance lightning within 100-200km, due to the close propagation distance of electromagnetic pulse, the similarity is high, the arrival time of the ground wave is usually determined by adopting a cross-correlation or peak-by-peak method, and then the positioning is carried out according to the time difference. However, as the observation distance increases (e.g., 300km or more), the arrival time of the ground wave is difficult to judge due to the interference of the sky wave signal, the correlation of waveforms of different stations is weak, the peak value is difficult to determine, and difficulty is brought to time difference positioning. In addition, if the difference between the distances between lightning and different measuring stations is large, the waveforms received by the different measuring stations are large, so that the homologous matching is difficult to carry out, and the time difference method cannot be directly adopted for positioning. The method can rapidly identify the positions of the ground waves in the two conditions and judge the arrival time of the ground waves, thereby being beneficial to improving the accuracy of a time difference positioning algorithm.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a database (section) of lightning waveforms built using 2D FDTD; FIGS. 2a and 2b are ground waveforms of 500km and 1000km, respectively;
FIG. 3 is an actual waveform (part) of a detection station, and FIGS. 3a and 3b are actual waveforms of 2 detection stations with one flash measurement, respectively;
fig. 4 is a system block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments, all other embodiments that may be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without making any inventive effort are within the scope of the present application.
Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present application should be given a general meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terms "first," "second," and the like, as used in this embodiment, do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that elements or items preceding the word are included in the element or item listed after the word and equivalents thereof, but does not exclude other elements or items. "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "transverse", and "vertical", etc. are used only with respect to the orientation of the components in the drawings, these directional terms are relative terms, which are used for descriptive and clarity with respect thereto and which may vary accordingly with respect to the orientation in which the components are disposed in the drawings.
Based on the above system, the ground wave identification method for lightning location of the present embodiment includes the following steps:
the first step: the processor simulates waveform characteristics of electromagnetic waves excited by lightning, which propagate along the earth surface in the form of ground waves and in the form of sky waves reflected repeatedly by the ionosphere, based on 2D FDTD, simulates lightning electromagnetic field waveforms in different distance ranges according to 50 km intervals, and builds a waveform database.
And a second step of: when matching, the processor matches the observed waveform with waveforms of all different distance segments in the library one by one, and selects the waveform in the distance segment with the highest similarity as a reference for determining the arrival time of the ground wave. When the specific similarity is matched, the polarity problem of lightning is considered, and the positive and negative parts of the lightning are respectively matched once, so that waveforms with higher correlation coefficients are selected as references. In this embodiment, the maximum value is found as the arrival time of the peak of the ground wave in the range of 5us around the peak point of the ground wave.
And a third step of: during simulation library building, the relative positions of the ground wave and the sky wave of each distance segment in the simulation waveform library are known, so that the observed waveform data and the simulation waveforms in the library can be matched, or the ground wave peak value position in the observed waveform can be obtained, and the specific flow is shown in figure 1.
As an application example, in the present embodiment:
1) In consideration of the difference of ionosphere between day and night and the anisotropy of geomagnetic field, the 2D FDTD technology is utilized to simulate the propagation characteristics of ground wave and sky wave excited by lightning in the earth-ionosphere cavity, and a ground wave-electric wave database with different distance range within 2000km is built at intervals of 50 km, and the ground wave waveforms of 500km and 1000km are respectively shown in figures 2a and 2 b.
2) The observed waveforms are matched with waveforms of all different distance sections in the library one by one, and the polarity problem of lightning is considered, and the positive and negative of the lightning are respectively matched once due to positive and negative of the lightning, so that the waveform with higher correlation coefficient is selected as a reference. The ground peak position in the observed waveform can be either achieved by matching the observed waveform data with the simulated waveforms in the library.
Fig. 3 shows the actual waveforms (parts, same lightning) of the detection stations, and fig. 3a and 3b show the actual waveforms of 2 detection stations and same lightning, respectively. And comparing the correlation with waveforms of 500km and 1000km in a lightning waveform database, wherein the correlation coefficients are 0.8957 and 0.86873 respectively.
It can be seen that 1000km of lightning has a plurality of peaks, and the arrival time of the ground wave may be directly judged to cause deviation. The time point of arrival of the ground wave of the black point is determined by correlation comparison, and the peak time of the black point is 179 microseconds and 242 microseconds respectively, so that the determined time difference is 63 microseconds. If the maximum value is taken as the arrival time point of the ground wave, the time is respectively 300 microseconds and 301 microseconds, and the time difference determined by the time difference is 1 microsecond. Resulting in lightning location deviation reaching (63-1) x 10 -6 ×3×10 8 =18600m or more.
As shown in fig. 4, in order to implement the above method, the lightning ground wave identification positioning system of this embodiment includes a processor, a display, a memory, and an input terminal. The processor is connected with the display, the memory and the input end, and can set the data which need to be set by the collector, or can input the data which need to be set through the input end. The display displays the processing procedure and the final result, and can also be used for the operator to carry out interface control. The memory stores the corresponding acquired data and the results of the processing.
It should be understood that the division of the modules of the above apparatus is merely a division of a logic function, and may be fully or partially integrated into a physical entity or may be physically separated when actually implemented. And these modules may all be implemented in software in the form of calls by the processing element; or can be realized in hardware; the method can also be realized in a form of calling software by a processing element, and the method can be realized in a form of hardware by a part of modules.
The processing element described herein may be an integrated circuit having signal processing capabilities. In implementation, each step of the above method or each module above may be implemented by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in a processor element or an instruction in a software form.
The processor may be a general-purpose processor, including a central processing unit, a network processor, etc.; but also digital signal processors, application specific integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components.
Optionally, the embodiment of the present application further provides a storage medium, where instructions are stored, when the instructions are executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of the embodiment as shown in the foregoing.
Optionally, the embodiment of the present application further provides a chip for executing the instruction, where the chip is used to perform the method of the foregoing embodiment.
Therefore, the method of the embodiment can identify the position range of the ground wave and judge the arrival time of the ground wave under the conditions that the lightning observation distance is large (300 km or more) and the distance difference between the lightning and different measuring stations is large and the waveform received by the different measuring stations is large, thereby being beneficial to improving the accuracy of a time difference positioning algorithm.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The ground wave identification method for lightning location is characterized by comprising the following steps:
simulating the ground wave-sky wave propagation characteristics excited by lightning in an earth-ionosphere cavity based on 2D FDTD, and establishing a ground wave-electric wave database of different distance range within 2000km at intervals;
step (2) matching the observed lightning electromagnetic field waveform with a database, and determining the most likely distance range of lightning according to the size of a correlation coefficient;
and (3) acquiring the position and the arrival time of the ground wave of the waveform when the waveform is matched according to the known relative positions and the known time of the ground wave and the sky wave in the analog waveform.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), a ground wave-electric wave database of different distance range within 2000km is built every 50 km intervals.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2), during matching, the observed waveforms are matched with waveforms of all different distance segments in the library one by one, and waveforms in the distance segment with the highest similarity are selected as references to determine the arrival time of the ground wave.
4. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step (2), when the specific similarity is matched, the positive and negative sides are matched once respectively, and waveforms with higher correlation coefficients are selected as references.
5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: after the observed waveform data is matched with the simulated waveforms in the library, the ground wave peak value position in the observed waveform is observed.
6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step (3) further comprises the following steps: wide area positioning is performed based on the multi-station arrival time differences.
7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and searching the maximum value as the arrival time of the peak value of the ground wave in the range of 5 ms around the peak value of the ground wave.
8. A ground wave identification system for lightning location comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized by: the processor, when executing the computer program, implements the steps of the method of any of the preceding claims 1 to 7.
9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized by: the processor, when executing the computer program, implements the steps of the method of any of the preceding claims 1 to 7.
10. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized by: which computer program, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116430127A (en) * | 2023-06-14 | 2023-07-14 | 云南电力试验研究院(集团)有限公司 | Method for reducing lightning positioning ground flash error |
| CN116449117A (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-07-18 | 云南电力试验研究院(集团)有限公司 | Three-dimensional lightning positioning method suitable for complex terrain |
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- 2023-01-04 CN CN202310007610.3A patent/CN116243056A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116430127A (en) * | 2023-06-14 | 2023-07-14 | 云南电力试验研究院(集团)有限公司 | Method for reducing lightning positioning ground flash error |
| CN116430127B (en) * | 2023-06-14 | 2023-10-20 | 云南电力试验研究院(集团)有限公司 | Method for reducing lightning positioning ground flash error |
| CN116449117A (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-07-18 | 云南电力试验研究院(集团)有限公司 | Three-dimensional lightning positioning method suitable for complex terrain |
| CN116449117B (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-08-15 | 云南电力试验研究院(集团)有限公司 | Three-dimensional lightning positioning method suitable for complex terrain |
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