CN116429690A - Fruit and vegetable internal quality detection device and detection method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a fruit and vegetable internal quality detection device and a detection method thereof, wherein the detection device comprises a detection box; the fruit and vegetable internal quality detection device and the detection method thereof have novel design and high detection precision, the optical mark component assists the spectrometer to collect a plurality of optical signals on the detection position, the collection is accurate, the mode is simple, the spectrometer is used for collecting the near infrared spectrum of the fruit and vegetable, and the near infrared spectrum is sent to the industrial personal computer; the industrial personal computer calculates the light energy on the detection position according to the plurality of light signals, so that the light energy is compensated, the difference of the light energy is reduced, the detection error is small, and the precision is high; and the industrial personal computer performs data analysis on the near infrared spectrum and a pre-established decision model to obtain the internal quality index of the detected fruits and vegetables, so that the sugar degree of the fruits and vegetables can be detected to be high sugar, medium sugar or low sugar, the existence of mold cores can be detected, the detection is accurate, the users can be helped to distinguish fruits and vegetables with different qualities, the efficiency is high, and the time and the labor are saved.

Description

Fruit and vegetable internal quality detection device and detection method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit and vegetable internal quality detection, in particular to a fruit and vegetable internal quality detection device and a detection method thereof.

Background

With the continuous improvement of living standard, consumers pay more and more attention to the quality requirements of fruits when buying the fruits, not only the external quality such as size, color and appearance, but also the taste of the internal quality such as sugar degree and acidity.

At present, research on the near infrared spectrum technology on nondestructive detection of the internal quality of fruit sugar content, acidity and the like is a research hotspot of students at home and abroad in recent years. The existing fruit quality detection equipment generally utilizes the characteristic that near infrared rays and chemical groups in fruits generate resonance, obtains internal physiological characteristic related information such as fruit sugar degree, mould core, sugar core and the like through spectral analysis, and performs high-efficiency multi-level sorting on the fruits in batches according to a plurality of indexes such as sugar degree, acidity, water withering degree, weight, color, size and the like; the existing fruit quality detection equipment generally has no cursor fixing module for calibrating optical signals in different states, and measurement is not accurate enough.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a device and a method for detecting the internal quality of fruits and vegetables.

The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: the fruit and vegetable internal quality detection device comprises a detection box; the bottom of the detection box is provided with a detection channel for fruits and vegetables to be detected to pass through; two ends of the detection channel are provided with a window shade for intercepting external light rays from entering the detection channel; at least one detection position is arranged in the detection channel; a plurality of fruits and vegetables to be detected sequentially pass through the detection position; the detection box is internally provided with an optical path module for irradiating the detection position, a spectrometer for collecting optical signals on the detection position, an optical calibration module for assisting the spectrometer to collect the optical signals, and an industrial personal computer electrically connected with the spectrometer; the cursor fixed module comprises a calibration piece movably arranged on the detection position; the spectrometer acquires optical signals in different states along with the moving track of the calibration piece; the spectrometer collects near infrared spectrums of fruits and vegetables according to the optical signals and sends the near infrared spectrums to the industrial personal computer; the industrial personal computer calculates the light energy on the detection position according to a plurality of light signals, and performs data analysis on the near infrared spectrum and a pre-established decision model to obtain an internal quality index of the detected fruits and vegetables;

the invention relates to a fruit and vegetable internal quality detection device, wherein the optical calibration module further comprises a light receiver for collecting optical signals to the detection position; the light receiver is connected with the spectrometer through a data line; a shading component for intercepting optical signals is arranged between the light receiver and the calibration piece; the shading component is fixedly connected with the calibration piece; the shading component is provided with a first optical channel for an optical signal to pass through; when the light path module irradiates on the calibration piece, the light signal is diffusely reflected towards the light receiver, and the first light channel is positioned on the diffuse reflection path of the calibration piece; the cursor fixed module further comprises a power assembly for driving the shading assembly and the calibration piece to move simultaneously;

the invention discloses a fruit and vegetable internal quality detection device, wherein a plurality of moving states exist in the cursor fixed module in the moving process of a shading component and a calibration component, and one moving state is as follows: the calibration piece is positioned in the detection position, the receiving end of the light receiver corresponds to the first optical channel, and the calibration piece diffusely reflects light rays towards the first optical channel; the second moving state is: part of the calibration piece is positioned in the detection position, and the receiving end of the light receiver is staggered with the first optical channel; the three moving states are: the detection position is empty or is provided with fruits and vegetables, and the receiving end of the light receiver directly collects light signals reflected by the detection position or fruits and vegetables;

the invention discloses a fruit and vegetable internal quality detection device, wherein the optical calibration module further comprises a mounting seat and a fixing seat which are arranged above a detection position; the mounting seat is fixedly connected with the fixing seat through a connecting block; the shading component and the calibration piece are movably arranged between the mounting seat and the fixing seat; the shading component is rotationally connected with the mounting seat through a first rotating bearing; the light receiver is fixedly arranged on the mounting seat; the fixed seat is provided with the power assembly which drives the shading assembly and the calibration piece to rotate around the light receiver; the power assembly comprises a connecting arm and a driving motor for driving the connecting arm to rotate; one end of the connecting arm is fixedly connected with the output end of the driving motor, and the other end of the connecting arm is rotationally connected with the shading component through a second rotating bearing;

the invention relates to a fruit and vegetable internal quality detection device, wherein a shading component comprises a swing arm and a shading plate fixedly connected with the swing arm; the first light channel is positioned on the light shielding plate; a connecting piece which is rotationally connected with the first rotating bearing is fixedly arranged on one side of the swing arm, which faces the mounting seat, and a fixing hole for fixing the second rotating bearing is formed on one side of the swing arm, which faces the fixing seat;

the invention relates to a fruit and vegetable internal quality detection device, wherein the light path module comprises two illumination assemblies which are respectively and symmetrically arranged at two sides of a detection position; both the illumination assemblies emit light signals towards the detection position;

the invention discloses a fruit and vegetable internal quality detection device, wherein accommodating dark chambers for placing illumination assemblies are respectively arranged at two side edges of a detection channel in a detection box; the two accommodating dark chambers are respectively communicated with the detection channel through a second optical channel;

the invention relates to a fruit and vegetable internal quality detection device, wherein the illumination assembly comprises a halogen lamp and a lens assembly for guiding an optical signal of the halogen lamp to irradiate towards a detection position through a second optical channel;

the invention discloses a fruit and vegetable internal quality detection device, wherein heat dissipation components for cooling halogen lamps and/or lens components are arranged in two accommodating dark chambers;

on the other hand, the invention also provides a detection method of the internal quality of fruits and vegetables, which is applied to the detection device of the internal quality of fruits and vegetables, wherein the detection method comprises the following steps:

s10: before fruit and vegetable detection, the detection device is electrified, a spectrometer and a cursor fixed module are started, and the cursor fixed module assists the spectrometer to collect first light signals diffusely reflected when a light source irradiates on a calibration piece and collect dark noise signals in a detection channel;

s20: placing fruits and vegetables on a conveying device, and moving to a detection position along with the conveying device; the spectrometer collects a second optical signal irradiated by the light source on the fruits and vegetables;

s30: the spectrometer acquires near infrared spectrums of fruits and vegetables according to the first optical signal, the dark noise signal and the second optical signal, then sends the near infrared spectrums to an industrial personal computer, and intercepts effective near infrared spectrum wave bands of the fruits and vegetables;

s40: the industrial personal computer calculates a spectrum signal of the light source irradiated on the detection position according to the first optical signal, the dark noise signal and the second optical signal, and corrects the spectrum signal; and screening out effective near infrared spectrum frames of fruits and vegetables by using a genetic algorithm, and simultaneously carrying out data analysis by the near infrared spectrum frames and a pre-established decision model to obtain the internal quality index of the detected fruits and vegetables.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the fruit and vegetable internal quality detection device and the detection method thereof are novel in design and high in detection precision, and before fruits and vegetables to be detected are detected, a light calibration module assists a spectrometer to collect first light signals diffusely reflected when a light source irradiates on a detection position and collect dark noise signals in a detection channel; then the fruit and vegetable to be detected is moved to a detection position, a spectrometer directly collects a second optical signal of the light source irradiated on the fruit and vegetable to be detected, and the spectrometer collects near infrared spectrums of the fruit and vegetable according to the first optical signal, the dark noise signal and the second optical signal and sends the near infrared spectrums to an industrial personal computer; the industrial personal computer calculates the light energy on the detection position according to the first light signal, the dark noise and the second light signal, so that the light energy is compensated, the difference of the light energy is reduced, the acquisition and processing mode is simple, the detection error is small, and the precision is high; and the industrial personal computer performs data analysis on the near infrared spectrum and a pre-established decision model to obtain the internal quality index of the detected fruits and vegetables, so that the sugar degree of the fruits and vegetables can be detected to be high sugar, medium sugar or low sugar, the presence of mold cores can be detected, the detection is accurate, the users can be helped to distinguish fruits and vegetables with different qualities, the efficiency is high, and the time and the labor are saved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, in which the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for detecting internal quality of fruits and vegetables according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the internal structure of an internal quality inspection device for fruits and vegetables according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a light calibration module according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a light calibration module according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a light calibration module according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention (a first moving state of the light calibration module);

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a light calibration module according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention (a second moving state of the light calibration module);

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a light calibration module according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention (a third moving state of the cursor module);

fig. 8 is a flowchart of a method for detecting the internal quality of fruits and vegetables according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth" and the like in the description and in the claims and drawings are used for distinguishing between different objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. Furthermore, the terms "comprise" and "have," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to only those listed steps or elements but may include other steps or elements not listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those of skill in the art will explicitly and implicitly appreciate that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

"plurality" means two or more; moreover, the terms "front, rear, left, right, upper end, lower end, longitudinal" and the like that represent the orientation are all referred to with reference to the attitude position of the apparatus or device described in this scheme when in normal use.

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the following description will be made in detail with reference to the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by a person skilled in the art without any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention, based on the embodiments of the present invention.

The invention relates to a fruit and vegetable internal quality detection device in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1-2, which comprises a detection box 100; the bottom of the detection box 100 is provided with a detection channel 101 for the fruits and vegetables to be detected to pass through; two ends of the detection channel 101 are provided with a window shade 102 for intercepting external light rays from entering the detection channel 101; the outlet and the inlet of the detection channel are effectively shielded by the two window shades, so that natural light is reduced, and the detection channel is prevented from being interfered by external light; at least one detection position 103 is arranged in the detection channel 101, and it is worth noting that the detection position 103 is a space irradiated by a light source, and fruits or other objects to be optically detected can be placed in the space; the fruits and vegetables to be tested can sequentially pass through the detection position 103 by an external conveying device, wherein the external conveying device is a conveying belt device in the prior art and is not described in detail herein; the detection box 100 is internally provided with an optical path module 104 for irradiating the detection position 103, a spectrometer 200 for collecting optical signals on the detection position 103, a cursor fixed module 105 for assisting the spectrometer 200 to collect the optical signals, and an industrial personal computer (not shown) electrically connected with the spectrometer 200; it is worth to say that the industrial personal computer is a computer; the spectrometer module 105 comprises a calibration piece 1052 movably arranged on the detection position 103, and the spectrometer 200 acquires optical signals in different states along with the moving track of the calibration piece 1052; the spectrometer 200 collects near infrared spectra of fruits and vegetables according to the optical signals and transmits the near infrared spectra to an industrial personal computer (not shown); the industrial personal computer (not shown) calculates the light energy of the light path module 104 irradiated on the detection position 103 according to a plurality of light signals, so as to compensate the light energy, and performs data analysis on the near infrared spectrum and a pre-established decision model to obtain an internal quality index of the detected fruits and vegetables, for example, whether the sugar degree of the fruits and vegetables is high sugar, medium sugar or low sugar or whether the internal quality such as mildew heart exists or not is detected, so that a user can be helped to distinguish fruits and vegetables with different qualities; it should be noted that, the decision model may use a model algorithm of partial least squares regression in the prior art, and may also use other algorithms in the prior art, which are all the protection scope of the present invention.

The fruit and vegetable internal quality detection device and the detection method thereof are novel in design and high in detection precision, and before fruits and vegetables to be detected are detected, a light calibration module assists a spectrometer to collect first light signals diffusely reflected when a light source irradiates on a detection position and collect dark noise signals in a detection channel; then the fruit and vegetable to be detected is moved to a detection position, a spectrometer directly collects a second optical signal of the light source irradiated on the fruit and vegetable to be detected, and the spectrometer collects near infrared spectrums of the fruit and vegetable according to the first optical signal, the dark noise signal and the second optical signal and sends the near infrared spectrums to an industrial personal computer; the industrial personal computer calculates the light energy on the detection position according to the first light signal, the dark noise and the second light signal, so that the light energy is compensated, the difference of the light energy is reduced, the acquisition and processing mode is simple, the detection error is small, and the precision is high; and the industrial personal computer performs data analysis on the near infrared spectrum and a pre-established decision model to obtain the internal quality index of the detected fruits and vegetables, so that the sugar degree of the fruits and vegetables can be detected to be high sugar, medium sugar or low sugar, the presence of mold cores can be detected, the detection is accurate, the users can be helped to distinguish fruits and vegetables with different qualities, the efficiency is high, and the time and the labor are saved.

As shown in fig. 3-4, the optical calibration module 105 includes a receiver 1051 that collects optical signals to the detection bits 103; the light receiver 1051 is connected to the spectrometer 200 through a data line (not shown); a shading component 1053 for intercepting the optical signal is arranged between the light receiver 1051 and the calibration piece 1052; the shading component 1053 is fixedly connected with the calibration piece 1052; the shading component 1053 is provided with a first optical channel 1054 for the optical signal to pass through; when the light path module 104 irradiates on the calibration piece 1052, the light signal is diffusely reflected towards the light receiver 1051, and the first light channel 1054 is positioned on the diffusely reflected path of the calibration piece 1052; the optical calibration module 105 further includes a power assembly 1055 that drives the light shielding assembly 1053 to move simultaneously with the calibration member 1052; the optical signal on the detection position is convenient to collect.

Preferably, the light shielding assembly 1053 and the calibration member 1052 have a plurality of moving states of the cursor module 105 in the moving process, and the spectrometer 200 collects optical signals in different states along with the moving track of the calibration member 1052, as shown in fig. 5, the moving state of the optical calibration module is: the calibration piece 1052 is located in the detection position 103, the receiving end of the light receiver 1051 corresponds to the first optical channel 1054, the calibration piece 1052 diffusely reflects light towards the first optical channel 1054, the light source diffusely reflects the light through the calibration piece and then emits light signals towards the optical channel, and at the moment, the light receiver can assist the spectrometer to collect the first light signals of the passing optical channel, namely reference light signals;

as shown in fig. 6, the second movement state of the optical calibration module is: the calibration piece 1052 is partially moved into the detection position 103, and the receiving end of the light receiver 1051 is staggered with the first light channel 1054; the light signal in the detection position is intercepted by the shading component, and the light receiver assists the spectrometer to collect the dark noise light signal on the shading component;

as shown in fig. 7, the third movement state of the optical calibration module is: the calibration piece and the shading component move out of the detection position, the detection position 103 is empty or fruits and vegetables are placed, and the receiving end of the light receiver 1051 directly collects second optical signals reflected by the detection position 103 or the fruits and vegetables, namely detection optical signals; the optical signals in a plurality of states are collected through the optical mark module auxiliary spectrometer 200, collection is convenient, the collected second optical signals are respectively compared with the first optical signals and the dark noise optical signals, the change of the light source energy can be calculated, the light energy is further compensated, and the difference of the light energy is reduced.

Preferably, the cursor module 105 further includes a mounting base 1056 and a fixing base 1057 disposed above the detection bit 103; the mounting base 1056 is fixedly connected with the fixing base 1057 through a connecting block 1058; the shading component 1053 and the calibration piece 1052 are movably arranged between the mounting seat 1056 and the fixed seat 1057; the shade assembly 1053 is rotatably coupled to the mount 1056 by a first rotary bearing 1059; the light receiver 1051 is fixedly arranged on the mounting seat 1056; the fixed seat 1057 is provided with a power component 1055 which drives the shading component 1053 and the calibration piece 1052 to rotate around the light receiver 1051; the power assembly 1055 includes a connecting arm 1055-1 and a drive motor 1055-2 for rotating the connecting arm 1055-1; one end of the connecting arm 1055-1 is fixedly connected with the output end of the driving motor 1055-2, and the other end is rotatably connected with the shading component 1053 through the second rotating bearing 1055-3; during adjustment, the connecting arm is driven to rotate by the driving motor, so that the shading component is driven to rotate by taking the first rotating bearing as an axle center, the transmission performance is good, and the structure is stable; further, in order to enable the power assembly to drive the light shielding plate to rotate more quickly and more labor-saving, the central axis of the first rotating bearing and the central axis of the second rotating bearing are positioned on the same straight line; it should be noted that, the power assembly may also adopt other structures for driving the light shielding assembly and the calibration member to rotate around the light receiver in the prior art, which all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Preferably, the shade assembly 1053 includes a swing arm 1053-1 and a shade plate 1053-2 fixedly coupled to the swing arm 1053-1; the first light channel 1054 is located on the light shield 1053-2; a connecting piece 1053-3 which is rotationally connected with the first rotating bearing 1059 is fixedly arranged on one side of the swing arm 1053-1 facing the mounting seat 1056, and a fixing hole 1053-4 for fixing the second rotating bearing 1055-3 is arranged on one side of the swing arm 1057 facing the fixing seat; further, the rotation angle of the swing arm is increased, so that the light receiver can collect more light signals from the detection position, one side of the swing arm 1053-1 is provided with an avoidance groove 1053-5 which extends inwards and is used for inserting the connecting block, and the swing arm is preferably of a fan-shaped structure.

Preferably, the light path module 104 includes two illumination components symmetrically disposed on two sides of the detection position 103; both illumination components emit light signals towards the detection position 103 at the same time, and the visible/near infrared light is utilized to directly contact with the fruit epidermis, so that a spectrometer can conveniently collect the spectrum scattered from the interior of the fruit; the light components on two sides emit light signals to the detection positions simultaneously, so that the light energy on the detection positions is higher, the signal to noise ratio is larger, stray light on the detection positions is greatly reduced, and the spectrometer can acquire effective signals on the detection positions more rapidly and accurately.

Preferably, two sides of the detection channel 101 in the detection box 100 are respectively provided with a containing darkroom 106 for placing the illumination component; the two accommodating dark chambers 106 are respectively communicated with the detection channel 101 through a second optical channel 107; the two second optical channels are oppositely arranged at two sides of the detection position, so that interference to a test result is avoided.

Preferably, the illumination assembly comprises a halogen lamp 1041 and a lens assembly 1042 directing an optical signal of the halogen lamp 1041 through the second optical channel 107 towards the detection site 103; it should be noted that the lens assembly is the prior art, and a plurality of lens combinations may be used to refract the light of the halogen lamp toward the detection position.

Since the light source energy is easily affected by high temperature to generate fluctuation, in order to make the light source energy emitted by the halogen lamp more stable, the two accommodating dark chambers 106 are provided with heat dissipation components 108, and the heat dissipation components can be provided with a plurality of heat dissipation components, which can cool the halogen lamp 1041 or the lens component 1042 and can cool the halogen lamp 1041 and the lens component 1042 at the same time, which is the protection scope of the present invention; the heat radiation component is a heat radiation fan, fluctuation of a light source can be greatly reduced through the heat radiation component, the service life of the halogen lamp can be prolonged, and the effect is good.

Embodiment two:

the method for detecting the internal quality of fruits and vegetables, which is applied to the device for detecting the internal quality of fruits and vegetables according to the first embodiment, is shown in fig. 8, and comprises the following steps:

s10: before fruit and vegetable detection, the detection device is electrified, the spectrometer 200 and the cursor fixed module 105 are started, and the cursor fixed module 105 assists the spectrometer 200 to collect a first light signal diffusely reflected when a light source irradiates on a calibration piece and collect a dark noise signal in a detection channel;

s20: placing the fruits and vegetables on a conveying device, and moving to a detection position 103 along with the conveying device; the spectrometer collects a second optical signal irradiated by the light source on the fruits and vegetables;

s30: the spectrometer 200 collects near infrared spectrums of fruits and vegetables according to the first optical signal, the dark noise signal and the second optical signal, then sends the near infrared spectrums to the industrial personal computer, and intercepts effective near infrared spectrum wave bands of the fruits and vegetables;

s40: the industrial personal computer calculates a spectrum signal of the light source irradiated on the detection position according to the first light signal, the dark noise signal and the second light signal, and corrects the spectrum signal; and screening out effective near infrared spectrum frames of fruits and vegetables by using a genetic algorithm, and simultaneously carrying out data analysis by the near infrared spectrum frames and a pre-established decision model to obtain the internal quality index of the detected fruits and vegetables.

The method for detecting the internal quality of the fruits and vegetables is novel in design, high in detection precision, simple in acquisition and processing mode, small in detection error and high in precision; and the industrial personal computer performs data analysis on the near infrared spectrum and a pre-established decision model to obtain the internal quality index of the detected fruits and vegetables, so that the sugar degree of the fruits and vegetables can be detected to be high sugar, medium sugar or low sugar, the presence of mold cores can be detected, the detection is accurate, the users can be helped to distinguish fruits and vegetables with different qualities, the efficiency is high, and the time and the labor are saved.

It will be understood that modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description, and it is intended that all such modifications and variations be included within the scope of the following claims.

Claims (10)

1. The fruit and vegetable internal quality detection device comprises a detection box; the fruit and vegetable detection box is characterized in that a detection channel for the fruits and vegetables to be detected to pass through is arranged at the bottom of the detection box; two ends of the detection channel are provided with a window shade for intercepting external light rays from entering the detection channel; at least one detection position is arranged in the detection channel; a plurality of fruits and vegetables to be detected sequentially pass through the detection position; the detection box is internally provided with an optical path module for irradiating the detection position, a spectrometer for collecting optical signals on the detection position, an optical calibration module for assisting the spectrometer to collect the optical signals, and an industrial personal computer electrically connected with the spectrometer; the cursor fixed module comprises a calibration piece movably arranged on the detection position; the spectrometer acquires optical signals in different states along with the moving track of the calibration piece; the spectrometer collects near infrared spectrums of fruits and vegetables according to the optical signals and sends the near infrared spectrums to the industrial personal computer; and the industrial personal computer calculates the light energy on the detection position according to a plurality of light signals, and performs data analysis on the near infrared spectrum and a pre-established decision model to obtain the internal quality index of the detected fruits and vegetables.

2. The fruit and vegetable internal quality detection device according to claim 1, wherein the cursor fixing module further comprises a light receiver for collecting light signals to the detection position; the light receiver is connected with the spectrometer through a data line; a shading component for intercepting optical signals is arranged between the light receiver and the calibration piece; the shading component is fixedly connected with the calibration piece; the shading component is provided with a first optical channel for an optical signal to pass through; when the light path module irradiates on the calibration piece, the light signal is diffusely reflected towards the light receiver, and the first light channel is positioned on the diffuse reflection path of the calibration piece; the cursor module further comprises a power assembly for driving the shading assembly and the calibration member to move simultaneously.

3. The device for detecting the internal quality of fruits and vegetables according to claim 2, wherein the light shielding assembly and the cursor module have a plurality of moving states during the movement of the calibration member, and one moving state is: the calibration piece is positioned in the detection position, the receiving end of the light receiver corresponds to the first optical channel, and the calibration piece diffusely reflects light rays towards the first optical channel; the second moving state is: part of the calibration piece is positioned in the detection position, and the receiving end of the light receiver is staggered with the first optical channel; the three moving states are: the detection position is empty or is provided with fruits and vegetables, and the receiving end of the light receiver directly collects light signals reflected by the detection position or fruits and vegetables.

4. The fruit and vegetable internal quality detection device according to claim 3, wherein the cursor fixing module further comprises a mounting seat and a fixing seat which are arranged above the detection position; the mounting seat is fixedly connected with the fixing seat through a connecting block; the shading component and the calibration piece are movably arranged between the mounting seat and the fixing seat; the shading component is rotationally connected with the mounting seat through a first rotating bearing; the light receiver is fixedly arranged on the mounting seat; the fixed seat is provided with the power assembly which drives the shading assembly and the calibration piece to rotate around the light receiver; the power assembly comprises a connecting arm and a driving motor for driving the connecting arm to rotate; one end of the connecting arm is fixedly connected with the output end of the driving motor, and the other end of the connecting arm is rotatably connected with the shading component through a second rotating bearing.

5. The fruit and vegetable internal quality detection device according to claim 4, wherein the light shielding assembly comprises a swing arm and a light shielding plate fixedly connected with the swing arm; the first light channel is positioned on the light shielding plate; the swing arm towards one side of the mounting seat is fixedly provided with a connecting piece rotationally connected with the first rotating bearing, and one side of the swing arm towards the fixing seat is provided with a fixing hole for fixing the second rotating bearing.

6. The fruit and vegetable internal quality detection device according to claims 1-5, wherein the light path module comprises two illumination assemblies symmetrically arranged at two sides of the detection position respectively; both the illumination assemblies emit light signals towards the detection position.

7. The device for detecting the internal quality of fruits and vegetables according to claim 6, wherein the two sides of the detection channel in the detection box are respectively provided with a containing darkroom for placing the illumination component; the two accommodating dark chambers are respectively communicated with the detection channel through a second optical channel.

8. The fruit and vegetable internal quality inspection device according to claim 7, wherein the illumination assembly comprises a halogen lamp and a lens assembly for directing an optical signal of the halogen lamp through the second optical channel toward the inspection site.

9. The fruit and vegetable inner quality detection device according to any one of claims 1-5 and 7-8, wherein heat dissipation components for cooling the halogen lamp and/or the lens component are arranged in both the accommodating dark chambers.

10. A method for detecting the internal quality of fruits and vegetables by using the device for detecting the internal quality of fruits and vegetables according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

s10: before fruit and vegetable detection, the detection device is electrified, a spectrometer and a cursor fixed module are started, and the cursor fixed module assists the spectrometer to collect first light signals diffusely reflected when a light source irradiates on a calibration piece and collect dark noise signals in a detection channel;

s20: placing fruits and vegetables on a conveying device, and moving to a detection position along with the conveying device; the spectrometer collects a second optical signal irradiated by the light source on the fruits and vegetables;

s30: the spectrometer acquires near infrared spectrums of fruits and vegetables according to the first optical signal, the dark noise signal and the second optical signal, then sends the near infrared spectrums to an industrial personal computer, and intercepts effective near infrared spectrum wave bands of the fruits and vegetables;

s40: the industrial personal computer calculates a spectrum signal of the light source irradiated on the detection position according to the first optical signal, the dark noise signal and the second optical signal, and corrects the spectrum signal; and screening out effective near infrared spectrum frames of fruits and vegetables by using a genetic algorithm, and simultaneously carrying out data analysis by the near infrared spectrum frames and a pre-established decision model to obtain the internal quality index of the detected fruits and vegetables.

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