CN116425813A - 3-O-喹哪啶酸酯烯糖供体立体选择性地合成β-氧苷的方法 - Google Patents
3-O-喹哪啶酸酯烯糖供体立体选择性地合成β-氧苷的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116425813A CN116425813A CN202310048040.2A CN202310048040A CN116425813A CN 116425813 A CN116425813 A CN 116425813A CN 202310048040 A CN202310048040 A CN 202310048040A CN 116425813 A CN116425813 A CN 116425813A
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- quinaldinate
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- Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
一类基于3‑O‑喹哪啶酸酯烯糖供体立体选择性地合成β‑氧苷的方法,包括如下步骤:采用3‑O‑喹哪啶酸酯葡萄糖烯糖为糖供体,加入催化剂、配体、三乙胺和糖受体以及有机溶剂,在50‑70℃下搅拌,TLC监测反应进程,当3‑O‑喹哪啶酸酯葡萄糖烯糖原料完全消失后,终止反应,即可得到β‑2,3‑不饱和氧糖苷。本发明的技术方案中,烯糖供体C‑3位的喹哪啶酸酯是良好的离去基团,在钯催化下很容易形成π‑烯丙基钯中间体,随后受体从β面进攻异头碳,得到β‑2,3‑不饱和糖氧苷产物,并且无重排的副产物产生。反应体系中添加三乙胺,使反应液呈现弱碱性,所得到的β‑2,3‑不饱和糖氧苷产物不易水解。
Description
发明内容
本发明提供一种基于3-O-喹哪啶酸酯烯糖供体立体选择性地合成β-氧苷的方法,属于有机合成技术领域。
背景技术
糖类化合物不仅仅作为人体生命活动的能量来源,还在多种生命活动中发挥着至关重要的作用。其在天然产物开发及新药研究中都有着广泛应用,许多糖苷类化合物具有重要的生物活性和药用价值,如:O-糖苷类化合物人参皂苷CK(ginsenoside CK),有抑制肿瘤细胞生长、诱导癌细胞凋亡的药理作用;中药红景天的主要活性成分红景天苷(salidroside)有增强人体免疫力和抗疲劳等功效。
糖苷键α,β-构型的差异对糖类化合物的性质和生物功能有着深远影响。如:纤维素和淀粉分别是由β-D-葡萄糖残基和α-D-葡萄糖残基通过1,4-连接而成的多糖,但是由于立体构型的不同,前者是木材的结构组分,而后者是食物中为生命活动提供能源的物质。所以在糖苷化反应中,立体选择性地构建糖苷键是至关重要的。但是传统糖苷化反应的立体选择性较差,通常会得到非对映异构体的混合产物,因此实现高效立体选择性地合成糖苷类化合物仍具有很大的挑战性。许多国内外的糖化学家以各种饱和糖为糖供体开发出了许多高效立体选择性的糖苷化方法。与饱和糖相比,烯糖具有更少的保护基,在糖供体的合成时更加便利,但是由于其糖环二号位的缺失无法与饱和糖一样,利用邻基参与效应较好地控制立体选择性。在过渡金属催化的糖苷化反应发展起来之前,三乙酰化烯糖通常被用来通过Lewis酸催化的Ferrier重排反应合成α构型的糖苷,但是该方法在被用于合成二糖底物时通常较为困难,并且立体选择性不佳,大大限制了糖苷化反应的应用。而利用烯糖供体合成β构型的糖苷化合物也面临着诸多困难:烯糖的反应活性较低,需要通过锌试剂软化所需的亲核试剂,可能存在重排的副产物,反应操作复杂等。
发明内容
针对上述技术问题,本发明采用高活性的3-O-喹哪啶酸酯烯糖供体开发出了一种高效且具有优异β立体选择性和广泛底物范围的糖苷化反应。具体技术方案如下:
一类基于3-O-喹哪啶酸酯烯糖供体立体选择性地合成β-氧苷的方法,包括如下步骤:采用3-O-喹哪啶酸酯葡萄糖烯糖为糖供体,加入催化剂、配体、三乙胺和糖受体以及有机溶剂,在50-70℃下搅拌,TLC监测反应进程,当3-O-喹哪啶酸酯葡萄糖烯糖原料完全消失后,终止反应,即可得到β-2,3-不饱和氧糖苷,所述的反应式如下:
所述的糖受体的结构式为ROH,其中R的结构式包括烷基(甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、环己基、叔丁基等)、单糖(双丙酮-D-半乳糖、双丙酮-D-葡萄糖、2,3,4-三苄基-甲基-α-D-吡喃糖等)、氨基酸(丝氨酸等)。
3-O-喹哪啶酸酯葡萄糖烯糖与糖受体的摩尔比为1:1.0~3.0。
所述的PG包括4,6-O-对甲氧基亚苄基、4,6-O-苯基亚苄基、4,6-O-亚环己基、4,6-O-亚异丙基、4,6-O-二叔丁基亚甲硅基、4,6-O-二苄基、4,6-O-二对甲氧基苄基中的任意一种。
所述的催化剂包括Pd(PPh3)4、Pd2(dba)3、Pd(dba)2、Pd(OAc)2、Pd(acac)2、PdCl2、Pd(PPh3)2Cl2、Pd(MeCN)2Cl2、White catalyst中的任意一种,所述催化剂的加入量为3-O-喹哪啶酸酯葡萄糖烯糖摩尔量的1~20%。
所述的配体包括xantphos、DPEPhos、DPPB、DPPE、DPPF、BINAP、dppbz、PPh3、P(OMe)3、X-Phos、S-Phos、JohnPhos、tBuXPhos中的任意一种,所述配体的加入量为3-O-喹哪啶酸酯葡萄糖烯糖摩尔量的5~30%。
所述的溶剂包括四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、1,4-二氧六环、甲苯、乙腈中的任意一种,并且所述溶剂使得糖供体的浓度在0.1M~10.0M之间。
作为优选方案,所述合成β-2,3-不饱和氧糖苷的反应温度在60℃。
本发明的技术方案中,烯糖供体C-3位的喹哪啶酸酯是良好的离去基团,在钯催化下很容易形成π-烯丙基钯中间体,随后受体从β面进攻异头碳,得到β-2,3-不饱和糖氧苷产物,并且无重排的副产物产生。反应体系中添加三乙胺,使反应液呈现弱碱性,所得到的β-2,3-不饱和糖氧苷产物不易水解。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备得到的化合物的氢谱。
图2为实施例1制备得到的化合物的碳谱。
具体实施方式
本实施例所用的实验试剂如下:
四(三苯基膦)钯(江苏欣诺科催化剂股份有限公司)、石油醚(沸程60-90℃,天津市恒兴化学试剂制造有限公司)、乙酸乙酯(分析纯,天津市科密欧化学试剂有限司)、无水硫酸钠(分析纯,国药集团化学试剂有限公司)、氘代氯仿(氘原子含量99.8%,TMS含量0.03%V/V,10*0.5mL/盒,瑞士ARMAR公司);核磁管(5mm 100/pk 2ST500-8,美国Norell公司)。
实验仪器
ZXZ-4型旋片式真空泵(临海市谭氏真空设备有限公司)、DZF-6020型真空干燥箱(上海新苗医疗器械制造有限公司)、SHB-IIIA循环水式多用途真空泵(上海豫康科教仪器设备有限公司)、CL-4型平板磁力搅拌器(郑州长城科工贸有限公司)、EYELA SB-1100旋转蒸发仪(上海爱朗仪器有限公司)、FA2104B分析天平(上海越平科技仪器有限公司)、XRC-1型微熔点测定仪(四川大学科仪厂)、DF-101S集热式恒温加热磁力搅拌器(巩义市英峪予华仪器厂)、GZX-9240MBE数显鼓风干燥箱(上海博迅实业有限公司医疗设备厂)、ZF-6型三用紫外分析仪(上海嘉鹏科技有限公司)、Ultrashied 400MHz Plus核磁共振仪(瑞士Bruker公司)、API 4000LC-MS/MS质谱仪(德国布鲁克道尔顿公司)
实施例1
以3-O-喹哪啶酸酯葡萄糖烯糖为例,采取不同催化剂、配体及溶剂的优化实验方案,具体如下:
注:所有试验采用0.1mmol 3-O-喹哪啶酸酯葡萄糖烯糖与0.2mmol苯甲醇,10mol%Pd催化剂,15mol%膦配体,0.22mmol三乙胺在2mL溶剂中60摄氏度下搅拌反应;分离产率;DPEPhos:双(2-二苯基膦)苯醚,DPPB:1,4-双(二苯基膦)丁烷,DPPF:1,1'-双(二苯基膦)二茂铁,(R)-BINAP:R-(+)-1,1'-联萘-2,2'-二苯膦。
本发明的技术方案对反应条件进行了筛选优化。首先探究了钯催化剂对反应的影响(entries 1-7),七种钯催化剂均能得到β构型为主的氧苷产物,效果最好的是Pd(PPh3)4,以75%的产率,β:α大于30:1的立体选择性得到目标产物2b(entry 3)。然后筛选了不同的膦配体,当使用(R)-BINAP时,以较高的收率和选择性得到目标产物2b(entry 19)。随后我们对反应溶剂进行了筛选,当使用乙腈时,能够将反应的产率由80%提高到90%,并且仍然有优异的β立体选择性(entry 23)。而当使用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺时,未检测的产物的生成,使用异丁腈作溶剂时反应的立体选择性和产率均不高。最后我们确定了合成β-2,3-不饱和氧糖苷的最优的反应条件为:Pd(PPh3)4作催化剂、(R)-BINAP作配体,在60摄氏度的乙腈中反应24小时,产率为90%;综述实验结果得到基于3-O-喹哪啶酸酯烯糖供体合成α-2,3-不饱和氧糖苷的最优条件:Pd(PPh3)4作催化剂、(R)-BINAP作配体,在60℃的乙腈中反应24小时,产物的立体选择性为β:α大于30:1,产率为90%。
在上述路线的情况下,本发明还以3-O-喹哪啶酸酯葡萄糖烯糖为原料制备了β-苄基-2,3-不饱和氧苷,技术路线如下:
将3-O-喹哪啶酸酯葡萄糖烯糖(0.1mmol,41.9mg),和糖受体(苯甲醇)(0.2mmol,21.6mg),四(三苯基膦)钯(Pd(PPh3)4,11.6mg,0.01mmol),R-(+)-1,1'-联萘-2,2'-二苯膦((R)-BINAP,9.3mg,0.015mmol),加入2mL的乙腈,60℃搅拌,TLC检测反应进程,当烯糖原料完全反应后,淬灭反应,萃取收集有机相,减压蒸馏除去溶剂得到粗产物,然后采用石油醚/乙酸乙酯溶液作为流动相进行柱层析获得β-苄基-2,3-不饱和氧苷(收率为90%)。
底物范围
β-2,3-不饱和葡萄糖烯糖氧苷类底物的制备参考实施例1条件
波谱数据
Benzyl 2,3-dideoxy-4,6-O-(p-methoxybenzylidene)-β-D-erythro-hex-2-enopyranoside
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.47-7.40(m,2H),7.40-7.27(m,5H),6.98-6.78(m,2H),6.16(d,J=10.3Hz,1H),5.73(ddd,J=10.3,2.6,1.5Hz,1H),5.59(s,1H),5.49-5.41(m,1H),4.86(d,J=11.7Hz,1H),4.65(d,J=11.7Hz,1H),4.39-4.34(m,1H),4.32(dd,J=10.2,4.5Hz,1H),3.90(t,J=10.3Hz,1H),3.81(s,4H).;13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ160.1,137.3,131.5,129.8,128.4,128.2,127.9,127.8,127.5,113.7,102.0,97.7,75.0,70.5,69.4,69.0,55.3.
Claims (9)
2.根据权利要求1所述的一类基于3-O-喹哪啶酸酯烯糖供体立体选择性地合成α-氧苷的方法,其特征在于,所述的糖受体的结构式为ROH,其中R的结构式包括烷基(甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、环己基、叔丁基等)、单糖(双丙酮-D-半乳糖、双丙酮-D-葡萄糖、2,3,4-三苄基-甲基-α-D-吡喃糖等)、氨基酸(丝氨酸等)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一类基于3-O-喹哪啶酸酯烯糖供体立体选择性地合成α-氧苷的方法,其特征在于,所述的烷基选自甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、环己基、或叔丁基中的任意一种;所述的单糖选自双丙酮-D-半乳糖、双丙酮-D-葡萄糖、或2,3,4-三苄基-甲基-α-D-吡喃糖的任意一种;
所述的氨基酸选自丝氨酸。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一类基于3-O-喹哪啶酸酯烯糖供体立体选择性地合成α-氧苷的方法,其特征在于,3-O-喹哪啶酸酯葡萄糖烯糖与糖受体的摩尔比为1:1.0~3.0。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一类基于3-O-喹哪啶酸酯烯糖供体立体选择性地合成β-氧苷的方法,其特征在于,所述的PG包括4,6-O-对甲氧基亚苄基、4,6-O-苯基亚苄基、4,6-O-亚环己基、4,6-O-亚异丙基、4,6-O-二叔丁基亚甲硅基、4,6-O-二苄基、4,6-O-二对甲氧基苄基中的任意一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一类基于3-O-喹哪啶酸酯烯糖供体立体选择性地合成β-氧苷的方法,其特征在于,所述的催化剂包括Pd(PPh3)4、Pd2(dba)3、Pd(dba)2、Pd(OAc)2、Pd(acac)2、Pd(PPh3)2Cl2、White catalyst中的任意一种,所述催化剂的加入量为3-O-喹哪啶酸酯葡萄糖烯糖摩尔量的1~20%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一类基于3-O-喹哪啶酸酯烯糖供体立体选择性地合成β-氧苷的方法,其特征在于,所述的配体包括xantphos、DPEPhos、DPPB、DPPE、DPPF、BINAP、dppbz、PPh3、P(OMe)3、X-Phos、S-Phos、JohnPhos、tBuXPhos中的任意一种,所述配体的加入量为3-O-喹哪啶酸酯葡萄糖烯糖摩尔量的5~30%。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一类基于3-O-喹哪啶酸酯烯糖供体立体选择性地合成β-氧苷的方法,其特征在于,所述的溶剂包括四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、1,4-二氧六环、甲苯、乙腈中的任意一种,并且所述溶剂使得糖供体的浓度在0.1M~10.0M之间。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一类基于3-O-喹哪啶酸酯烯糖供体立体选择性地合成β-氧苷的方法,其特征在于,合成β-2,3-不饱和氧糖苷的反应温度在60℃。
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