CN116388897A - All-digital ultra-wideband frequency and direction finding system and application method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of ultra-wideband signal reconnaissance measurement, in particular to an all-digital ultra-wideband frequency measurement and direction finding system and a use method thereof, wherein the all-digital ultra-wideband frequency measurement and direction finding system comprises a frequency measurement receiving unit, a direction finding receiving unit and a scheduling control unit, wherein the direction finding receiving unit is used for combining sampling with a multi-bit ADC (analog-to-digital converter) through a sampling holder, realizing the aliasing sampling of an ultra-wideband by utilizing a low sampling rate, and extracting the amplitude phase of a direction finding signal by combining frequency measurement guiding information; the dispatching control unit correctly samples and quantizes the aliasing signal by controlling the sampling holder and the multi-bit ADC; the invention measures the carrier frequency of the radiation source under 16GHz instantaneous bandwidth through an ultra-wideband single-bit receiver, and can stably realize the functions of measuring parameters such as frequency and direction finding for each intercepted pulse signal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ultra-wideband signal reconnaissance measurement, in particular to an all-digital ultra-wideband frequency and direction measurement system and a use method thereof.
Background
The passive broadband reconnaissance system generally comprises a frequency measurement unit and a direction measurement unit for measuring parameters such as carrier frequency, arrival angle, arrival time and the like of a radiation source signal, and because the passive reconnaissance belongs to non-matched reception, the radiation source parameter belongs to an unknown state, and a receiving system with ultra-wideband and high real-time performance is required to meet the requirement of high probability interception of the unknown radiation source. In the prior art, a processing architecture for capturing an unknown signal and measuring the carrier frequency of the signal by a frequency measurement receiver, guiding the frequency conversion of the direction measurement receiver to a corresponding frequency band and then measuring the arrival angle is generally adopted.
The frequency measurement receiver of the frequency measurement and direction measurement system requires ultra-wideband interception, and mainly adopts a wideband instantaneous frequency measurement receiver or a channelized receiver to carry out bandwidth splicing so as to realize the functions of wideband signal interception and frequency measurement; the direction-finding receiver of the frequency-finding direction-finding system mainly adopts a narrow-band superheterodyne digital receiver, samples and digitally processes the signals after frequency conversion to obtain amplitude or phase information of the multichannel signals, and realizes the direction-finding function of the signals by using a amplitude comparison or phase comparison mode.
The current instantaneous frequency measurement receiver has great advantages in terms of volume, weight and power consumption, but has low sensitivity, and the problem that false alarm and false alarm are easy to occur in the same-period multi-signal environment by an analog processing system; the channelized receivers have high sensitivity and high measurement accuracy, but the instantaneous bandwidth is narrow, and the volume, weight, power consumption and cost consumption are huge when a plurality of channelized receivers are spliced to realize ultra-wideband coverage; the digital superheterodyne direction-finding receiver is influenced by the guiding delay of the frequency-finding receiver, the problem that the front information of the radiation source signal is lost easily occurs, the adaptability of the narrow pulse signal is poor, and in an ultra-wideband complex electromagnetic environment, the conditions of switching delay between frequency bands, complex scheduling strategy, sensitivity mismatch and the like easily lead to the fact that the frequency-finding is difficult to find in a multi-signal environment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of the traditional frequency measurement and direction measurement system, the invention provides an all-digital ultra-wideband frequency measurement and direction measurement system and a use method thereof.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the all-digital ultra-wideband frequency measurement direction finding system comprises a frequency measurement receiving unit, a direction measurement receiving unit and a scheduling control unit, wherein the frequency measurement receiving unit comprises a frequency measurement receiving antenna, a first amplitude limiter, a first low noise amplifier, a first band-pass filter, a high-speed single-bit ADC (analog to digital converter) and frequency measurement digital processing;
the direction-finding receiving unit comprises a direction-finding receiving antenna, a second amplitude limiter, a second low-noise amplifier, a second band-pass filter, a sampling holder, a multi-bit ADC and direction-finding digital processing;
the dispatching control unit comprises a crystal oscillator, a selection switch and dispatching digital processing;
the direction-finding receiving unit is used for carrying out combined sampling with the multi-bit ADC through the sampling holder, realizing the aliasing sampling of the ultra-wideband by utilizing a low sampling rate, and extracting the amplitude phase of the direction-finding signal by combining with the frequency-finding guiding information;
the dispatching control unit correctly samples and quantizes the aliasing signal by controlling the sampling clock of the sampling holder and the multi-bit ADC;
the scheduling control unit measures the arrival angle of the radiation source by controlling the direction-finding digital processing.
Furthermore, the passband ranges of the first band-pass filter and the second band-pass filter are 2-18GHz, the sampling rate of the high-speed single-bit ADC is 40Gsps, and the frequency measurement digital processing comprises a Fourier transform module, a signal detection module and a frequency measurement module.
Furthermore, the crystal oscillator has 2 paths, the selection switch is a two-out switch, the two-out switch controls the sampling clock switching of the sampling holder and the multi-bit ADC, the dispatch digital processing controls the buffering and filtering of the digital signal, controls the frequency domain filtering of the direction-finding signal according to the frequency-finding guiding information, and matches the frequency of the direction-finding signal with the frequency of the direction-finding signal.
The application method of the all-digital ultra-wideband frequency measurement and direction measurement system is based on the all-digital ultra-wideband frequency measurement and direction measurement system, and comprises the following steps:
s1, converting a received radiation source signal into an analog electric signal by a frequency measurement receiving antenna, limiting, amplifying and filtering, and quantizing the analog electric signal by a high-speed single-bit ADC to obtain a first digital signal;
s2, carrying out Fourier transform, signal detection and frequency measurement processing on the first digital signal through frequency measurement digital processing to obtain carrier frequency information of a radiation source signal;
s3, the direction-finding receiving antenna converts the received radiation source signal into an analog electric signal, limits, amplifies and filters the analog electric signal, and quantifies the analog electric signal through the sample holder and the multi-bit ADC to obtain a second digital signal;
s4, the scheduling control unit controls the direction-finding digital processing to buffer and filter the second digital signal according to the frequency guide information output by the frequency-finding receiving unit, and meanwhile the direction-finding digital processing obtains the arrival angle of the radiation source signal according to a system direction-finding algorithm;
s5, the dispatching control unit receives the arrival angle, amplitude and arrival time data of the radiation source signals output by the direction-finding digital processing, and fuses the arrival angle, amplitude and arrival time to form radiation source parameters.
Further, the sample holder in S3 shifts the high-band analog electric signal to the first nyquist zone of the multi-bit ADC, and then the multi-bit ADC samples the high-band analog electric signal.
Further, the sampling rate of the sampling holder is
The analog electric signal output by the sampling holder is、 
…/>
The analog electric signal output by the sampling holder is moved into a first Nyquist zone to be subjected to analog aliasing to obtain an aliasing signal, namely, first sampling, and the sampling rate is +.>
The multi-bit ADC of (2) performs a second sampling and digital quantization of the aliased signal to obtain a second digital signal.
Further, the S3 further includes a 2-way crystal oscillator generation unit for generating respectively
And->
The dispatch control unit switches +.>
Or->
Is input to the sample-and-hold and the sample clock input port of the multi-bit ADC.
Further, the frequency measurement receiver of S4 receives the radiation source signal and generates a group delay of the frequency guiding information, and the scheduling digital processing in the scheduling control unit calculates a digital buffering amount of the second digital signal according to the group delay, and controls the direction-finding digital processing to digitally buffer the second digital signal.
Further, the scheduling digital processing in the S4 scheduling control unit sends the frequency guiding information of the frequency measurement receiving unit to the direction measurement receiving unit, and controls the direction measurement digital processing of the direction measurement receiving unit to perform frequency domain filtering on the second digital signal.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The full-digital ultra-wideband frequency measurement direction finding system provided by the invention adopts the single-bit ADC of 40Gsps, so that the non-fuzzy frequency measurement of signals in DC-18GHz instantaneous bandwidth is ensured;
(2) According to the full-digital ultra-wideband frequency measurement direction finding system, sampling is combined through the sampling holder and the multi-bit ADC, aliasing sampling of ultra-wideband is achieved through low sampling rate, broadband direction finding capability with the same bandwidth as that of a frequency measurement receiver is achieved, the problem that direction finding cannot be achieved when narrowband direction finding is conducted through traditional broadband frequency measurement is avoided, and meanwhile accuracy of extraction of a radial phase of a direction finding signal is guaranteed through frequency measurement guide information in a frequency aliasing state;
(3) The full-digital ultra-wideband frequency measurement direction finding system provided by the invention has the advantages that the sampling rate is switched through the two-in-one switch, so that the problem of
The problem that the direction cannot be detected near the frequency point;
(4) The full-digital ultra-wideband frequency measurement direction finding system provided by the invention only comprises simple circuits such as amplitude limiting, amplifying and filtering in a radio frequency link, so that signals have higher fidelity and measurement parameters are more accurate.
(5) According to the application method of the full-digital ultra-wideband frequency measurement and direction finding system, the ultra-wideband single-bit receiver is used for measuring the carrier frequency of the radiation source under the 16GHz instantaneous bandwidth, namely 2-18GHz, and the ultra-wideband direction finding receiver which is composed of the sampling holder and the ADC and can be matched with the single-bit frequency measurement receiver instantaneous 16GHz bandwidth is guided to perform the radiation source arrival angle measurement, so that the functions of frequency measurement, direction finding and other parameter measurement can be stably realized for each intercepted pulse signal.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it will be apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an all-digital ultra-wideband frequency and direction finding system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for using the all-digital ultra-wideband frequency and direction measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making apparent the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, wherein the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the descriptions thereof are for illustrating the present invention only and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment proposes an all-digital ultra-wideband frequency and direction measurement system.
The all-digital ultra-wideband frequency measurement direction finding system comprises a frequency measurement receiving unit, a direction measurement receiving unit and a scheduling control unit, wherein the frequency measurement receiving unit comprises a frequency measurement receiving antenna, a first amplitude limiter, a first low-noise amplifier, a first band-pass filter, a high-speed single-bit ADC and frequency measurement digital processing which are sequentially connected.
The frequency measurement receiving antenna converts the received radiation source signal into an electric signal, and firstly, the electric signal is limited by the first limiter to avoid the overlarge signal power from burning a post-stage circuit;
then the electric signal of the first amplitude limiter passes through a low noise amplifier to amplify the electric signal to a power level required by the sensitivity of the system;
inputting the amplified electric signal to a first band-pass filter with the passband range of 2-18 GHz;
quantizing by using a high-speed single-bit ADC with a sampling rate of 40Gsps to obtain a first digital signal;
and carrying out Fourier transform, signal detection, frequency measurement and other processes on the quantized signals through frequency measurement digital processing to obtain carrier frequency information of the radiation source.
The direction-finding receiving unit comprises a direction-finding receiving antenna 1, a second amplitude limiter 1, a second low noise amplifier 1, a second band-pass filter 1, a sampling holder 1 and a multi-bit ADC1 which are connected in sequence; the device comprises a direction-finding receiving antenna 2, a second amplitude limiter 2, a second low-noise amplifier 2, a second band-pass filter 2, a sample holder 2 and a multi-bit ADC2 which are connected in sequence; a direction-finding receiving antenna N, a second amplitude limiter N, a second low noise amplifier N, a second band-pass filter N, a sample holder N and a multi-bit ADCN which are connected in sequence,
the multi-bit ADC1, the multi-bit ADC2 and the multi-bit ADCN are respectively connected with direction finding digital processing.
For each receiving channel, the direction-finding receiving antenna converts the received radiation source signal into an electric signal, and firstly, the electric signal is limited by a second limiter to avoid the overlarge signal power from burning a post-stage circuit;
then the electric signal of the second amplitude limiter passes through a second low-noise amplifier to amplify the electric signal to a power level required by the sensitivity of the system;
inputting the amplified electric signal to a second band-pass filter with the passband range of 2-18 GHz;
the electric signal output by the second band-pass filter passes through a module formed by a sampling holder and a multi-bit ADC, wherein the main purpose of the sampling holder is to solve the problems that the analog bandwidth of the multi-bit ADC is small and the multi-bit ADC is difficult to sample and quantize the high-frequency band signal above 3GHz, the sampling holder and the multi-bit ADC are combined to sample and quantize the electric signal twice to obtain a second digital signal, the direction-finding digital processing carries out digital buffering, digital filtering, radiation phase extraction and other functions on the quantized second digital signal, and the arrival angle of the radiation source is calculated according to a system direction-finding algorithm.
The dispatching control unit comprises a crystal oscillator, a switch and a dispatching digital processing, and the dispatching digital processing is respectively connected with the frequency measurement digital processing and the direction finding digital processing.
The dispatching digital processing is connected with the control signal input end of the alternative switch, and the alternative switch is connected with the 2-path crystal oscillator.
The 2-channel crystal oscillator respectively generates two sampling clocks, inputs the two sampling clocks into an input port of a two-way switch, selects one sampling clock to output to a sampling holder and a multi-bit ADC in a direction-finding receiving unit according to dispatch digital processing control, and uses the sampling clock as the sampling clock, thereby mainly solving the problem that when the signal frequency is positioned at the sampling rate of the direction-finding receiver
When the sampling holder and the multi-bit ADC are quantized to obtain amplitude and phase errors, the problem of direction finding is affected; the frequency measurement information is used for guiding, and the alternative switch is controlled to be rapidly switched to the sampling clock, so that the correct extraction of the signal radiation phase information is realized;
the scheduling digital processing controls the digital buffering of the second digital signal in the direction-finding digital processing according to the group delay of the frequency guiding information output by the frequency-finding receiving unit, so that the signal used for direction-finding is matched with the signal used for frequency finding in time; meanwhile, the frequency guiding information of the frequency measuring receiving unit is sent to the direction-finding receiver, and the digital processing unit is controlled to carry out frequency domain filtering, so that the signals used for direction finding and the signals used for frequency finding are matched in frequency.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a method for using an all-digital ultra-wideband frequency and direction measurement system.
The application method of the all-digital ultra-wideband frequency measurement and direction measurement system is based on the all-digital ultra-wideband frequency measurement and direction measurement system, and comprises the following steps:
s1, converting a received radiation source signal into an analog electric signal by a frequency measurement receiving antenna, limiting, amplifying and filtering, and quantizing the analog electric signal by a high-speed single-bit ADC to obtain a first digital signal;
s2, carrying out Fourier transform, signal detection and frequency measurement processing on the first digital signal through frequency measurement digital processing to obtain carrier frequency information of a radiation source signal;
s3, the direction-finding receiving antenna converts the received radiation source signal into an analog electric signal, limits, amplifies and filters the analog electric signal, and quantifies the analog electric signal through the sample holder and the multi-bit ADC to obtain a second digital signal;
s4, the scheduling control unit controls the direction-finding digital processing to buffer and filter the second digital signal according to the frequency guide information output by the frequency-finding receiving unit, and meanwhile the direction-finding digital processing obtains the arrival angle of the radiation source signal according to a system direction-finding algorithm;
s5, the dispatching control unit receives the arrival angle, amplitude and arrival time data of the radiation source signals output by the direction-finding digital processing, and fuses the arrival angle, amplitude and arrival time to form radiation source parameters.
And after the sampling holder in the S3 moves the high-frequency-band analog electric signal to the first Nyquist zone of the multi-bit ADC, the multi-bit ADC samples.
In this embodiment, when the sampling rate is
The signal output by the sample-and-hold contains the signal or image signal of each nyquist interval due to the nyquist sampling theoremIt is specified that for band limited signals the sampling frequency must be greater than twice its highest frequency. Therefore, at the sampling frequency +.>
At this time, the highest frequency that the sample holder can sample is +.>
I.e. the first nyquist frequency. In this case, the signal output by the sample-and-hold unit will contain the signal or image signal of each Nyquist interval, when the sample-and-hold unit has a sampling rate of +.>
The analog electric signal output by the sample holder is +.>
、
…/>
The analog electric signal output by the sampling holder is moved into a first Nyquist zone to be subjected to analog aliasing to obtain an aliasing signal, namely, first sampling, and the sampling rate is +.>
The multi-bit ADC of (2) performs a second sampling and digital quantization of the aliased signal to obtain a second digital signal.
To convert the signal into a second digital signal, the signal needs to be shifted to the first Nyquist zone
In this process, the analog aliasing is the first sampling, the first sampling converts the analog signal into the aliasing signal, but the aliasing signal is still the analog signal, so that the second digital signal can be obtained only by performing the digital sampling again, namely the second sampling, and the second sampling needs to use the sampling rate of->
The multi-bit ADC of (a) samples and digitally quantizes the aliased signal, the multi-bit ADC converts the analog signal to a second digital signal, and outputs a string of digital quantized values representing the aliased signal at +.>
Sample value under bandwidth. And then, carrying out digital buffering, digital filtering and other processing on the digital quantized value so as to improve the quality of the signal.
S3, generating 2-path crystal oscillators respectively by a dispatching control unit
And->
The dispatch control unit switches +.>
Or->
Is input to the sample-and-hold and the sample clock input port of the multi-bit ADC.
When the signal frequency is located at
When the frequency of the sampling clock is near the integer multiple of the signal frequency, the scheduling digital processing can select proper sampling clock frequency according to the frequency measurement guiding information, so that the sampling clock is far away from the integer multiple of the signal frequency as far as possible, and quantization errors are avoided. Meanwhile, the stability and the precision of the sampling clock can be ensured by rapidly switching the two-out switch, and the stability and the reliability of the system are improved on the premise of not influencing the measurement precision of the system.
And the frequency measurement receiver of S4 receives the radiation source signal and generates group delay of frequency guide information, and the scheduling digital processing in the scheduling control unit calculates the digital buffer quantity of the second digital signal according to the group delay and controls the direction measurement digital processing to carry out digital buffer on the second digital signal.
And the scheduling digital processing in the S4 scheduling control unit sends the frequency guide information of the frequency measurement receiving unit to the direction measurement receiving unit, and controls the direction measurement digital processing of the direction measurement receiving unit to carry out frequency domain filtering on the second digital signal.
In the all-digital ultra-wideband frequency measurement direction finding system of this embodiment, the scheduling digital processing controls the processing operations such as digital buffering and digital filtering on the second digital signal in the direction finding digital processing according to the group delay of the frequency guiding information output by the frequency measurement receiving unit, so that the signal for direction finding and the signal for frequency measurement are matched in time. Meanwhile, the dispatching digital processing also transmits the frequency guiding information of the frequency measuring receiving unit to the direction-finding receiver, and controls the digital processing unit to carry out frequency domain filtering so as to enable the signal used for direction finding to be matched with the signal used for frequency measuring in frequency.
Specifically, when the frequency measurement receiving unit receives signals, processing delay is generated, digital processing is scheduled according to the processing delay, the digital buffering quantity of the direction measurement signals needed to be performed in time is calculated, and the direction measurement digital processing unit is controlled to perform corresponding digital buffering operation, so that the time domain characteristics of the direction measurement signals are matched with the frequency measurement signals, and time matching of the frequency measurement signals and the direction measurement signals is achieved.
Meanwhile, the dispatching digital processing also transmits the frequency guiding information of the frequency measuring receiving unit to the direction finding receiver, and controls the digital processing unit to carry out frequency domain filtering. And the signal-to-noise ratio of the direction-finding signal is improved, so that frequency matching of the frequency-finding signal and the direction-finding signal is realized.
In this embodiment, the carrier frequency information refers to a fundamental frequency of a radiation source, that is, a main frequency of a signal, and in a frequency measurement receiving unit, the frequency spectrum information of the signal can be obtained by performing fourier transform on the received signal, so as to measure the carrier frequency of the signal.
In this embodiment, the frequency guiding information refers to a set of data output by the frequency measurement receiving unit, which reflects the delay condition of the frequency measurement processing, and can be used to calculate the group delay of the frequency measurement processing. In the full-digital ultra-wideband frequency measurement direction-finding system, frequency guiding information is output by a frequency measurement receiving unit and is sent to the direction-finding receiving unit through a dispatching digital processing unit to control digital processing of direction-finding signals.
The carrier frequency may determine the fundamental frequency of the radiation source and thus measure and locate the signal. In ultra wideband signals, the signal-to-noise ratio deficiency can affect the measurement accuracy of the signal. Therefore, by measuring the carrier frequency and combining frequency guide information, the matching of the frequency measurement signal and the direction measurement signal in time and frequency can be realized, and the measurement accuracy and reliability of the system are improved.
And S4, calculating an arrival angle of the radiation source by using a system direction finding algorithm. Specifically, the direction-finding signal is subjected to digital signal processing and radiation phase extraction to obtain amplitude and phase information, then the carrier frequency of the radiation source is obtained by combining the frequency-finding signal, and finally the arrival angle of the radiation source is obtained by calculating the amplitude and phase information and the carrier frequency.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a specific implementation mode of an all-digital ultra-wideband frequency and direction measurement system based on the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2.
The scheme is illustrated by taking an all-digital ultra-wideband frequency and direction finding system with the working frequency band of 2-18GHz and the instantaneous bandwidth of 16GHz as an example, and in the embodiment, the carrier frequency of an unknown radiation source is set to be 8GHz.
1. The receiving antenna of the frequency measuring receiver converts the radiation source signal into an electric signal, and after the electric signal passes through the amplitude limiting and low noise amplifier, the signal passes through a band-pass filter with the passband of 2-18GHz, and out-of-band signals are filtered; then, the signal output by the filter is subjected to single bit sampling and quantization of 40Gsps, according to the Nyquist sampling theorem, 40Gsps sampling can ensure that the frequency measurement digital processing performs no-ambiguity frequency measurement on the signal under the DC-20GHz bandwidth, at this time, the frequency code Fcode of the radiation source is obtained through flow calculation such as FFT conversion and signal detection in the frequency measurement digital processing, it is clear that the frequency code Fcode is 8GHz in the embodiment, the frequency code is influenced by measurement errors and can deviate by +/-5 MHz, and meanwhile, according to processing delay, the group delay T1 required by the signal input from the receiving antenna to the frequency code output is obtained through calculation, and the frequency code Fcode and the group delay T1 are transmitted to the dispatching digital processing.
2. For each path of receiving channel of the direction-finding receiving unit, after the antenna, amplitude limiting, amplifying and 2-18GHz band-pass filtering, the signal enters a sampling holder for first sampling, the sampling rate of the sampling holder is controlled by a dispatching control unit, and the frequencies of two paths of crystal oscillators of the dispatching control unit in the embodiment are respectively 2GHz and 2.1GHz. According to the Nyquist sampling theorem, when the sampling rate of the sample holder is 2Gsps and 2.1Gsps, signals at a bandwidth of 2-18GHz are shifted and aliased to the first Nyquist zone of DC-1GHz and DC-1.05GHz according to the following Table 1.
Table 1: radio frequency shifting table according to Nyquist interval when sampling rate is 2Gsps
| Frequency shifting (odd number Nyquist zone) | (2-3) | (4-5) | (6-7) | (8-9) | (10-11) | (12-13) | (14-15) | (16-17) |
| Frequency mirror shifting (even Nyquist zone) | (3-4) | (5-6) | (7-8) | (9-10) | (11-12) | (13-14) | (15-16) | (17-18) |
Table 2: radio frequency shifting table according to Nyquist interval when sampling rate is 2.1Gsps
| Frequency shifting | (2.1-3.15) | (4.2-5.25) | (6.3-7.35) | (8.4-9.45) | (10.5-11.55) | (12.6-13.65) | (14.7-15.75) | (16.8-17.85) | |
| Frequency mirror shifting | (1.05-2.1) | (3.15-4.2) | (5.25-6.3) | (7.35-8.4) | (9.45-10.5) | (11.55-12.6) | (13.65-14.7) | (15.7-16.8) | (17.85-18.9) |
Inaccuracy occurs in the amplitude and phase extracted by the direction-finding digital process when the radio frequency is within + -5 MHz of the vicinity of the frequencies shown in tables 1 and 2. Because the carrier frequency of the radiation source is 8GHz and is positioned in an unavailable part under the sampling rate of 2Gsps in the embodiment, the dispatching digital processing controls the alternative switch to select a clock with the crystal oscillator frequency of 2.1GHz to be provided for the sampling holder and the multi-bit ADC according to the measured frequency code.
The multi-bit ADC in the direction-finding receiving unit is completely consistent with the clock of the sampling holder, and is controlled by the scheduling control unit, according to the Nyquist sampling theorem, when the ADC sampling rate is 2Gsps, the sampling processing can be carried out on signals with the bandwidth of DC-1GHz, and when the ADC sampling rate is 2.1Gsps, the sampling processing can be carried out on signals with the bandwidth of DC-1.05 GHz. In this embodiment, the sampling rate of the multi-bit ADC is 2.1GHz.
Carrying out direction-finding digital processing, and caching digital signals quantized by each path of multi-bit ADC according to a frequency code Fcode and a frequency-finding group delay T1 forwarded by the dispatching digital processing, so that the signals used for direction finding are consistent in time with the signals used for frequency finding; meanwhile, the 8GHz radio frequency is calculated to be shifted to the DC-1.05GHz baseband frequency at the sampling rate of 2.1 Gsps. In this embodiment, 8GHz is located in the 8 th Nyquist zone (7.35-8.4 GHz) at a sampling rate of 2.1Gsps, belongs to image shifting, the baseband frequency corresponding to DC-1.05GHz is 400MHz,therefore, the digital filtering is used for filtering the signals of 10MHz near the baseband frequency of 400MHz, so that the signals used for direction finding are consistent with the signals used for frequency finding in frequency; calculating the IQ data obtained by filtering to obtain the signal amplitude of each channel
And phase->
。
For a plurality of direction finding channels, a plurality of
And->
The angle of arrival AOA of the radiation source may be calculated by either amplitude versus phase comparison.
3. For the dispatch control unit, in this embodiment, the frequencies of the 2 crystal oscillators are 2GHz and 2.1GHz respectively, and the alternative switch is controlled by the dispatch digital processing to receive the frequency code Fcode of the frequency measurement receiving unit to be 8GHz, and determines and selects the frequency of 2.1GHz to output to the sampling holder in the direction-finding receiver and the clock interface of the multi-bit ADC. In practical application, the sampling clock is controlled and switched in real time according to the Fcode.
The scheduling control unit receives the direction finding result AOA output by the direction finding receiving unit, the information such as amplitude, arrival time and the like, fuses the information to form radiation source parameters and reports the radiation source parameters, and achieves the passive reconnaissance function of the unknown radiation source under the ultra-wideband condition.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. The all-digital ultra-wideband frequency measurement direction finding system comprises a frequency measurement receiving unit, a direction measurement receiving unit and a scheduling control unit, and is characterized in that the frequency measurement receiving unit comprises a frequency measurement receiving antenna, a first amplitude limiter, a first low-noise amplifier, a first band-pass filter, a high-speed single-bit ADC and frequency measurement digital processing;
the direction-finding receiving unit comprises a direction-finding receiving antenna, a second amplitude limiter, a second low-noise amplifier, a second band-pass filter, a sampling holder, a multi-bit ADC and direction-finding digital processing;
the dispatching control unit comprises a crystal oscillator, a selection switch and dispatching digital processing;
the direction-finding receiving unit is used for carrying out combined sampling with the multi-bit ADC through the sampling holder, realizing the aliasing sampling of the ultra-wideband by utilizing a low sampling rate, and extracting the amplitude phase of the direction-finding signal by combining with the frequency-finding guiding information;
the dispatching control unit correctly samples and quantizes the aliasing signal by controlling the sampling clock of the sampling holder and the multi-bit ADC;
the scheduling control unit measures the arrival angle of the radiation source by controlling the direction-finding digital processing.
2. The all-digital ultra-wideband frequency-sensing direction-finding system according to claim 1, wherein the passband ranges of the first band-pass filter and the second band-pass filter are 2-18GHz, the sampling rate of the high-speed single-bit ADC is 40Gsps, and the frequency-sensing digital processing comprises a Fourier transform module, a signal detection module and a frequency measurement module.
3. The all-digital ultra-wideband frequency and direction finding system according to claim 1, wherein the crystal oscillator has 2 paths, the selection switch is a two-way switch, the two-way switch controls sampling clock switching of the sampling holder and the multi-bit ADC, the dispatch digital processing controls buffering and filtering of digital signals, controls frequency domain filtering of the direction finding signals according to frequency finding guiding information, and matches the frequency of the frequency finding signals and the frequency of the direction finding signals.
4. The application method of the all-digital ultra-wideband frequency measurement and direction measurement system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, converting a received radiation source signal into an analog electric signal by a frequency measurement receiving antenna, limiting, amplifying and filtering, and quantizing the analog electric signal by a high-speed single-bit ADC to obtain a first digital signal;
s2, carrying out Fourier transform, signal detection and frequency measurement processing on the first digital signal through frequency measurement digital processing to obtain carrier frequency information of a radiation source signal;
s3, the direction-finding receiving antenna converts the received radiation source signal into an analog electric signal, limits, amplifies and filters the analog electric signal, and quantifies the analog electric signal through the sample holder and the multi-bit ADC to obtain a second digital signal;
s4, the scheduling control unit controls the direction-finding digital processing to buffer and filter the second digital signal according to the frequency guide information output by the frequency-finding receiving unit, and meanwhile the direction-finding digital processing obtains the arrival angle of the radiation source signal according to a system direction-finding algorithm;
s5, the dispatching control unit receives the arrival angle, amplitude and arrival time data of the radiation source signals output by the direction-finding digital processing, and fuses the arrival angle, amplitude and arrival time to form radiation source parameters.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the sample holder in S3 samples the multi-bit ADC after moving the high-band analog electrical signal to the first nyquist zone of the multi-bit ADC.
6. The method of using an all-digital ultra-wideband frequency and direction finding system according to claim 5, wherein the sampling rate of the sample holder is
The analog electric signal output by the sample holder is +.>
、/>
…/>
The analog electric signal output by the sampling holder is moved into a first Nyquist zone to be subjected to analog aliasing to obtain an aliasing signal, namely, first sampling, and the sampling rate is +.>
The multi-bit ADC of (2) performs a second sampling and digital quantization of the aliased signal to obtain a second digital signal.
7. The method of using an all-digital ultra-wideband frequency and direction finding system according to claim 4, wherein said S3 further comprises generating 2-way crystal oscillators of a dispatch control unit respectively
And->
The dispatch control unit switches +.>
Or->
Is input to the sample-and-hold and the sample clock input port of the multi-bit ADC.
8. The method according to claim 4, wherein the frequency measuring receiver of S4 receives the radiation source signal and generates a group delay of the frequency guiding information, and the scheduling digital processing in the scheduling control unit calculates a digital buffer amount of the second digital signal according to the group delay and controls the direction-finding digital processing to digitally buffer the second digital signal.
9. The method for using an all-digital ultra-wideband frequency and direction finding system according to claim 4, wherein the scheduling digital processing in the S4 scheduling control unit sends the frequency guiding information of the frequency measuring receiving unit to the direction finding receiving unit, and controls the direction finding digital processing of the direction finding receiving unit to perform frequency domain filtering on the second digital signal.
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