CN116387557B - Hydrogen supply system of low-pressure fuel cell and control method - Google Patents

Hydrogen supply system of low-pressure fuel cell and control method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116387557B
CN116387557B CN202310657547.8A CN202310657547A CN116387557B CN 116387557 B CN116387557 B CN 116387557B CN 202310657547 A CN202310657547 A CN 202310657547A CN 116387557 B CN116387557 B CN 116387557B
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pressure
proportional valve
outer ring
ejector
inner hole
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CN116387557A (en
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刘佳奇
高明昭
赵兴旺
方川
李飞强
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Beijing Sinohytec Co Ltd
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Beijing Sinohytec Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/14—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid
    • F04F5/16—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow the inducing fluid being elastic fluid displacing elastic fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/44—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04F5/02 - F04F5/42
    • F04F5/48—Control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04776—Pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a hydrogen supply system of a low-pressure fuel cell and a control method. Wherein, low pressure fuel cell supplies hydrogen system includes: the ejector, the outer ring proportional valve, the bypass proportional valve and the inner hole proportional valve; the ejector comprises a suction chamber, a mixing chamber and a diffusion chamber, and fluid sequentially enters the galvanic pile through the suction chamber, the mixing chamber and the diffusion chamber; the outlet of the bypass proportional valve is communicated with the mixing chamber, and the passage of the bypass proportional valve communicated with the mixing chamber is an ejector bypass passage; the suction chamber is provided with an outer ring and an inner hole, and the outer ring is arranged on the outer side of the inner hole; the ring proportional valve is used for adjusting the fluid pressure of the outer ring; the inner hole proportional valve is used for adjusting the fluid pressure of the inner hole; the bypass proportional valve is used for adjusting the pressure of the fluid in the bypass passage of the ejector. By adjusting the pressure of the proportional valve, the problems of insufficient pressure and coupling fluctuation of the hydrogen in the reactor after working condition switching are solved.

Description

Hydrogen supply system of low-pressure fuel cell and control method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a hydrogen supply system of a low-pressure fuel cell and a control method.
Background
In the aspect of hydrogen fuel cell technology, the existing high-pressure gas hydrogen storage technology has the defects of slow hydrogenation, large volume and the like, and is difficult to meet the requirement of driving mileage, so that the low-temperature liquid hydrogen technology with the advantages of highest hydrogen storage density, low cost and the like becomes an important technical direction for hydrogen storage of commercial vehicles. The liquid hydrogen can be supplied to the fuel cell system through measures such as phase change gasification, temperature and pressure adjustment, and the like, and compared with the existing high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage system, the liquid hydrogen has lower hydrogen supply pressure. The front-end supply pressure of the hydrogen system is reduced, but the target pressure of the hydrogen to be piled is almost unchanged, which is determined based on the design requirement of the system, so that the pressure difference between the front and the rear of the ejector nozzle is reduced under the same flow, and a high flow cross section area is required to be adopted, thereby exacerbating the sensitivity of the reflux flow to pressure difference fluctuation. In order to balance the contradiction between accurate control of hydrogen excess ratio under low working condition and the requirement of large flow on throat area under high working condition, a hydrogen system is developed from a traditional single ejector to an inner hole outer ring ejector, which leads to further improvement of difficulty in multipath coupling pressure control.
The existing hydrogen supply control system is mainly adapted to a high-pressure supply system, and the framework is difficult to meet the control requirements of the low-pressure supply system on the reflux flow and the stacking pressure. In the existing low-pressure air supply system, more serious phenomena of air supplementing retardation and pressure coupling fluctuation often occur when the high working condition is switched, and more serious damage is easily caused to the proton exchange membrane.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a hydrogen supply system of a low-pressure fuel cell and a control method, which at least partially solve the problems of insufficient pressure and coupling fluctuation of the hydrogen in the prior art after working condition switching.
In a first aspect, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a low pressure fuel cell hydrogen supply system comprising: the ejector, the outer ring proportional valve, the bypass proportional valve and the inner hole proportional valve;
the ejector comprises a suction chamber, a mixing chamber and a diffusion chamber, and fluid sequentially enters the galvanic pile through the suction chamber, the mixing chamber and the diffusion chamber;
the outlet of the bypass proportional valve is communicated with the mixing chamber, and the passage of the bypass proportional valve communicated with the mixing chamber is an ejector bypass passage;
the suction chamber is provided with an outer ring and an inner hole, and the outer ring is arranged on the outer side of the inner hole;
the ring proportional valve is used for adjusting the fluid pressure of the outer ring;
the inner hole proportional valve is used for adjusting the fluid pressure of the inner hole;
the bypass proportional valve is used for adjusting the pressure of the fluid in the bypass passage of the ejector.
Optionally, the device further comprises three outer ring medium pressure mixing cavities, wherein the three outer ring proportional valves are arranged at inlets of the outer ring medium pressure mixing cavities, and outlets of the outer ring medium pressure mixing cavities are communicated with the suction chamber.
Optionally, the device further comprises a proportional valve inlet high-pressure sensor, and the fluid flows into the outer ring proportional valve, the bypass proportional valve and the inner hole proportional valve after passing through the proportional valve inlet high-pressure sensor.
Optionally, an outer ring ejector inlet pressure sensor is arranged at the inlet of the outer ring, an inner hole ejector inlet pressure sensor is arranged at the inlet of the inner hole, a reflux pressure sensor is arranged at the reflux port of the ejector, and a pile-in pressure sensor is arranged at the inlet of the pile.
Optionally, the mixing chamber is a three-way pipe, one inlet of the three-way pipe is communicated with the mixing chamber, the other inlet of the three-way pipe is communicated with the outlet of the bypass proportional valve, and the outlet of the three-way pipe is communicated with the pile inlet.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a method for controlling hydrogen supply to a low-pressure fuel cell, for use in the hydrogen supply system of any one of the first aspect, where the method includes:
when the fuel cell switches operating points, the outer ring proportional valve and the bypass proportional valve are firstly adjusted;
when the actual outer ring ejector inlet pressure is greater than or equal to the target ejector pressure of the next working point minus the calibration pressure S1, the inner hole proportional valve is adjusted to enable the inner hole ejector inlet target pressure to rise from the inner hole ejector inlet target pressure of the last working point to the inner hole ejector inlet target pressure of the next working point after the calibration time C2, wherein the last working point is the working point before the working point is switched, and the next working point is the working point after the working point is switched.
Optionally, adjusting the bypass proportional valve includes:
the target control pressure of the bypass proportional valve is increased to be equal to the target pressure of the next working point plus the calibration pressure S2,
when the actual stacking pressure is greater than or equal to the target stacking pressure minus the calibration pressure S, the bypass proportional valve is adjusted to enable the pressure of the bypass passage to be reduced to the target pressure of the next working condition point after the calibration time C.
Optionally, adjusting the bypass proportional valve includes:
and (3) adjusting the bypass proportional valve to enable the pressure of the bypass passage to rise to the target pressure of the next working condition point after the calibration time C1.
Optionally, adjusting the outer ring proportional valve includes:
the method comprises the steps that an outer ring proportional valve receives an opening command, the feedforward driving duty ratio of the outer ring proportional valve is set to be PWM3, and the driving duty ratio PWM3 is equal to a theoretical driving duty ratio PWM minus a calibrated driving duty ratio PWM 2;
and adjusting the outer ring proportional valve based on the driving duty ratio PWM3 to enable the inlet pressure of the outer ring ejector to be increased to the actual inlet pressure of the outer ring ejector set by the next working point.
Optionally, the adjusting the outer ring proportional valve based on the driving duty ratio PWM3 includes:
adjusting the target control pressure of the outer ring proportional valve X1 to be the inlet pressure of the outer ring ejector;
and controlling the duty ratio of the outer ring proportional valve X2 to be a calibrated duty ratio threshold B, and when the actual pile-in pressure is greater than or equal to the target pile-in pressure minus the calibrated pressure S, enabling the duty ratio of the outer ring proportional valve X2 to be restored to 0 after the calibrated time C.
The invention provides a hydrogen supply system of a low-pressure fuel cell and a control method. According to the hydrogen supply system of the low-pressure fuel cell, the problems of insufficient hydrogen pressure and coupling fluctuation of the reactor after working condition switching are solved by arranging the outer ring proportional valve, the bypass proportional valve and the inner hole proportional valve and adjusting the pressure of the proportional valve.
Drawings
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent from the following more particular descriptions of exemplary embodiments of the disclosure as illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numbers generally represent like parts throughout the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a low pressure fuel cell hydrogen supply system provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an inner hole outer ring ejector according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an injection curve of an inner hole outer ring injector according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for controlling hydrogen supply to a low-pressure fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a timing diagram of a method for controlling hydrogen supply to a low-pressure fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of another method for controlling hydrogen supply to a low-pressure fuel cell provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 7 is a timing chart of another method for controlling hydrogen supply to a low-pressure fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Wherein, 1-the suction chamber; 2-a mixing chamber; a 3-diffusion chamber; 4-ejector outer ring side working fluid; 5-ejector bore side working fluid; 6-ejector return side working fluid.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be appreciated that the following specific embodiments of the disclosure are described in order to provide a better understanding of the present disclosure, and that other advantages and effects will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are merely some, but not all embodiments of the present disclosure. The disclosure may be embodied or practiced in other different specific embodiments, and details within the subject specification may be modified or changed from various points of view and applications without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort, based on the embodiments in this disclosure are intended to be within the scope of this disclosure.
It is noted that various aspects of the embodiments are described below within the scope of the following claims. It should be apparent that the aspects described herein may be embodied in a wide variety of forms and that any specific structure and/or function described herein is merely illustrative. Based on the present disclosure, one skilled in the art will appreciate that one aspect described herein may be implemented independently of any other aspect, and that two or more of these aspects may be combined in various ways. For example, an apparatus may be implemented and/or a method practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, such apparatus may be implemented and/or such methods practiced using other structure and/or functionality in addition to one or more of the aspects set forth herein.
It should also be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments merely illustrate the basic concepts of the disclosure by way of illustration, and only the components related to the disclosure are shown in the illustrations, rather than being drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the form, number and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may be more complex.
In addition, in the following description, specific details are provided in order to provide a thorough understanding of the examples. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the aspects may be practiced without these specific details.
FCU fuel cell controller
Inner bore proportional valve: and the hydrogen ejector is connected with an inner hole throat runner of the inner hole outer ring ejector.
Outer ring proportional valve: and the hydrogen ejector is connected with an outer ring throat runner of the inner hole outer ring ejector.
Bypass hydrogen spraying: a hydrogen injector of the bypass passage.
Hydrogen metering ratio: ratio of total unconsumed hydrogen flow to theoretical hydrogen consumption for pure hydrogen to stack outlet.
An ejector: the high-pressure hydrogen at the inlet of the ejector generates high-speed jet flow at the nozzle, so that a local low-pressure area is formed in the suction chamber; the pressure-driven suction fluid (return-side working fluid) flows into the suction chamber and mixes with the jet fluid (inner-hole-side working fluid and outer-ring-side working fluid) in the mixing chamber.
The embodiment discloses a low-pressure fuel cell hydrogen supply system, comprising: the ejector, the outer ring proportional valve, the bypass proportional valve and the inner hole proportional valve;
the ejector comprises a suction chamber, a mixing chamber and a diffusion chamber, and fluid sequentially enters the galvanic pile through the suction chamber, the mixing chamber and the diffusion chamber;
the outlet of the bypass proportional valve is communicated with the mixing chamber, and the passage of the bypass proportional valve communicated with the mixing chamber is an ejector bypass passage;
the suction chamber is provided with an outer ring and an inner hole, and the outer ring is arranged on the outer side of the inner hole;
the ring proportional valve is used for adjusting the fluid pressure of the outer ring;
the inner hole proportional valve is used for adjusting the fluid pressure of the inner hole;
the bypass proportional valve is used for adjusting the pressure of the fluid in the bypass passage of the ejector.
Optionally, the device further comprises three outer ring medium pressure mixing cavities, wherein the three outer ring proportional valves are arranged at inlets of the outer ring medium pressure mixing cavities, and outlets of the outer ring medium pressure mixing cavities are communicated with the suction chamber.
Optionally, the device further comprises a proportional valve inlet high-pressure sensor, and the fluid flows into the outer ring proportional valve, the bypass proportional valve and the inner hole proportional valve after passing through the proportional valve inlet high-pressure sensor.
Optionally, an outer ring ejector inlet pressure sensor is arranged at the inlet of the outer ring, an inner hole ejector inlet pressure sensor is arranged at the inlet of the inner hole, a reflux pressure sensor is arranged at the reflux port of the ejector, and a pile-in pressure sensor is arranged at the inlet of the pile.
Optionally, the mixing chamber is a three-way pipe, one inlet of the three-way pipe is communicated with the mixing chamber, the other inlet of the three-way pipe is communicated with the outlet of the bypass proportional valve, and the outlet of the three-way pipe is communicated with the pile inlet.
In a specific application scenario, the fuel cell system adopts a form of matching an inner hole outer ring ejector with multiple proportional valves, as shown in fig. 1 and 2 below, wherein the number of the outer ring proportional valves is 3. When the pressure of the inner hole ejector is lower than the pressure of the inner hole ejector, the area of the throat mouth of the inner hole ejector is smaller than that of a common single ejector, so that the control accuracy of the reflux flow is facilitated under low flow, the inner hole proportional valve can be controlled to take the inlet pressure P3 of the inner hole ejector as a control target, and the ejector is matched to adjust the reflux flow of hydrogen; and controlling the bypass proportional valve to take the pressure P1 of the hydrogen entering the stack as a control target, and compensating the flow of the hydrogen main path. When the current is increased, the requirement of the hydrogen system for the metering ratio cannot be met by singly increasing the pressure of the inlet of the inner hole proportional valve; and secondly, the front-back pressure difference P5-P3 of the proportional valve is continuously reduced along with the increase of working condition current, so that the stability of pressure control of the proportional valve is reduced, and therefore, the outer ring ejector runner needs to be smoothly inserted, and the pressure P4 at the inlet of the outer ring ejector is used as a control target for compensating the main flow and adjusting the reflux flow. The target pressure of the inlet of the outer ring ejector is always lower than that of the inlet of the inner hole ejector in the operation of the fuel cell system, so that internal reflux is avoided when the annular rings work simultaneously.
In a low-pressure hydrogen supply system, the outer ring ejector has the problems of insufficient hydrogen pressure entering the reactor and coupling fluctuation of a multi-path pressure control loop due to the fact that the opening of the outer ring ejector is delayed at a current switching point due to the large area of a throat, and the protection requirement of a proton exchange membrane is not facilitated. According to the embodiment, the conditions of insufficient pressure and coupling fluctuation of the hydrogen in the reactor after working condition switching are solved by adjusting the pressure control intervention and compensation algorithm of the multi-path proportional valve.
The delayed opening characteristic of the proportional valve, when the proportional valve is opened, generates electromagnetic force under the driving current. When the force is larger than the sum of the friction resistance of the valve body and the compression force of the spring, the valve body of the electromagnetic valve is pulled up to the target position, so that a certain flow of fluid is formed under the action of differential pressure between the front and the back of the valve body, and the whole process has response delay.
The jet flow characteristics of the inner hole outer ring ejector are shown in fig. 3, the inner hole outer ring ejector has no moving part, the inner hole and the outer ring of the inner hole outer ring ejector work independently and give the jet curve under the downstream back pressure, the jet flow of the outer ring is obviously higher than the jet flow of the inner hole under the same ejector inlet pressure given the back pressure, and compared with the inner hole working fluid, the effect of the outer ring working fluid on the back pressure of the back side is larger, and the effect of sucking the jet fluid is stronger. Therefore, from the angles of compensating the pile-in pressure and improving the backflow flow, the outer ring injection inlet pressure should be preferentially and quickly improved compared with the inner hole injection inlet pressure.
The embodiment also discloses a hydrogen supply control method of the low-pressure fuel cell, which comprises the following steps:
when the fuel cell switches operating points, the outer ring proportional valve and the bypass proportional valve are firstly adjusted;
when the actual outer ring ejector inlet pressure is greater than or equal to the target ejector pressure of the next working point minus the calibration pressure S1, the inner hole proportional valve is adjusted to enable the inner hole ejector inlet target pressure to rise from the inner hole ejector inlet target pressure of the last working point to the inner hole ejector inlet target pressure of the next working point after the calibration time C2, wherein the last working point is the working point before the working point is switched, and the next working point is the working point after the working point is switched.
Optionally, adjusting the bypass proportional valve includes:
the target control pressure of the bypass proportional valve is increased to be equal to the target pressure of the next working point plus the calibration pressure S2,
when the actual stacking pressure is greater than or equal to the target stacking pressure minus the calibration pressure S, the bypass proportional valve is adjusted to enable the pressure of the bypass passage to be reduced to the target pressure of the next working condition point after the calibration time C.
Optionally, adjusting the bypass proportional valve includes:
and (3) adjusting the bypass proportional valve to enable the pressure of the bypass passage to rise to the target pressure of the next working condition point after the calibration time C1.
Optionally, adjusting the outer ring proportional valve includes:
the method comprises the steps that an outer ring proportional valve receives an opening command, the feedforward driving duty ratio of the outer ring proportional valve is set to be PWM3, and the driving duty ratio PWM3 is equal to a theoretical driving duty ratio PWM minus a calibrated driving duty ratio PWM 2;
and adjusting the outer ring proportional valve based on the driving duty ratio PWM3 to enable the inlet pressure of the outer ring ejector to be increased to the actual inlet pressure of the outer ring ejector set by the next working point.
Optionally, the adjusting the outer ring proportional valve based on the driving duty ratio PWM3 includes:
adjusting the target control pressure of the outer ring proportional valve X1 to be the inlet pressure of the outer ring ejector;
and controlling the duty ratio of the outer ring proportional valve X2 to be a calibrated duty ratio threshold B, and when the actual pile-in pressure is greater than or equal to the target pile-in pressure minus the calibrated pressure S, enabling the duty ratio of the outer ring proportional valve X2 to be restored to 0 after the calibrated time C.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, at a low working point, the inner hole proportional valve is adjusted by taking the inlet pressure of the inner hole ejector as the target pressure, so that the reflux flow required by the working point is ensured to be met; the bypass proportional valve is regulated by taking the pressure of the reactor as the target pressure to compensate the fresh hydrogen.
When the system is operated to a switching working point, the influence of the lifting inner hole injection inlet pressure on the increase of the reflux flow is smaller compared with the outer ring, and if the control pressure targets of the inner hole, the outer ring and the Bypass proportional valve are simultaneously improved, the hydrogen system is easy to cause pressure coupling fluctuation, so that the improvement of the pressure target of the inner hole proportional valve is delayed, and the target pressure of the working point is temporarily taken as a target. And recovering the target control pressure of the inner hole proportional valve to the target pressure of the inner hole proportional valve at the next working point until the actual outer ring ejector inlet pressure is greater than or equal to the target ejector pressure-calibration pressure S1. The corresponding maintenance calibration time C2 during target recovery determines the pressure target lift rate. When the lifting speed of the pressure target is too small, the deficiency of air supply is easily caused, and the pressure drop in the pile is caused; when the pressure target lift rate is too high, large overshoots are easily created resulting in system instability.
When the system is operated to a switching working point, as the starting of the outer ring proportional valve has a delay characteristic and the target pile-in pressure is rapidly increased along with the working condition current, the deviation obtained by subtracting the actual value from the target pile-in pressure is increased, and the phenomenon of gas shortage of the anode is easy to occur. Because the front-back pressure ratio of the bypass proportional valve is the largest, the flow compensation quantity under the same duty ratio increment is larger and rapid, and the target pressure value of the bypass proportional valve is temporarily increased to be the next working condition point stack pressure target value plus the calibration pressure S2. When the actual pile-in pressure is greater than or equal to the target pile-in pressure-calibration pressure S, the target control pressure of the bypass proportional valve is restored to the next working condition point pile-in target pressure, and the calibration time C is correspondingly maintained in the target restoration process.
In order to reduce the influence of a feedback algorithm on the hysteresis and compensation of a controlled variable, the outer ring proportional valve adopts a feedforward algorithm to output a feedforward duty ratio, so that the control pressure is responded in time, and the pressure coupling fluctuation is avoided. When the system is operated to a switching working point, the outer ring proportional valve is not opened after a certain time, but is directly intervened, so that the actual opening transition time of the outer ring proportional valve is prolonged, the excessive pressure overshoot of the outer ring proportional valve is avoided, and the stability is improved. The target control pressure of the outer ring proportional valve is the inlet pressure of the outer ring ejector at the next working point, and the corresponding calibration time C1 is maintained in the target rising process. In the method, as the flow required by the first current point after entering the high working condition is smaller, only one outer ring proportional valve is opened at the moment, whether the execution valve body is the proportional valve X1 or the proportional valve X2 is not distinguished, and only a single proportional valve operates.
In another control scenario, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the increase in the pressure target of the bore proportional valve is delayed, temporarily targeting the target pressure for the previous operating point. And recovering the target control pressure of the inner hole proportional valve to the target pressure of the inner hole proportional valve at the next working point until the actual outer ring ejector inlet pressure is greater than or equal to the target ejector pressure-calibration pressure S1. And maintaining the corresponding calibration time C2 in the target recovery process.
The target pressure value of the bypass proportional valve is the target value of the next working condition point stack pressure, and the corresponding calibration maintaining time C1 is achieved in the target rising process.
The target control pressure of the outer ring proportional valve X1 is the inlet pressure of the outer ring ejector at the next working point, and the target rising process correspondingly maintains the calibration time C1.
The outer ring proportional valve X2 is given with a constant duty ratio B to compensate the pile-in pressure, and the feedforward control has the advantages of quick response and difficult generation of pressure fluctuation. When the actual stacking pressure is greater than or equal to the target stacking pressure-calibration pressure S, the target duty ratio is restored to 0, and the duty ratio reduction process corresponds to the calibration time C.
The basic principles of the present disclosure have been described above in connection with specific embodiments, however, it should be noted that the advantages, benefits, effects, etc. mentioned in the present disclosure are merely examples and not limiting, and these advantages, benefits, effects, etc. are not to be considered as necessarily possessed by the various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the specific details disclosed herein are for purposes of illustration and understanding only, and are not intended to be limiting, since the disclosure is not necessarily limited to practice with the specific details described.
In this disclosure, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Words such as "including," "comprising," "having," and the like are words of openness and mean "including but not limited to," and are used interchangeably therewith. The terms "or" and "as used herein refer to and are used interchangeably with the term" and/or "unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term "such as" as used herein refers to, and is used interchangeably with, the phrase "such as, but not limited to.
In addition, as used herein, the use of "or" in the recitation of items beginning with "at least one" indicates a separate recitation, such that recitation of "at least one of A, B or C" for example means a or B or C, or AB or AC or BC, or ABC (i.e., a and B and C). Furthermore, the term "exemplary" does not mean that the described example is preferred or better than other examples.
It is also noted that in the systems and methods of the present disclosure, components or steps may be disassembled and/or assembled. Such decomposition and/or recombination should be considered equivalent to the present disclosure.
Various changes, substitutions, and alterations are possible to the techniques described herein without departing from the teachings of the techniques defined by the appended claims. Furthermore, the scope of the claims of the present disclosure is not limited to the particular aspects of the process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter, means, methods and acts described above. The processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or acts, presently existing or later to be developed that perform substantially the same function or achieve substantially the same result as the corresponding aspects described herein may be utilized. Accordingly, the appended claims are intended to include within their scope such processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or acts.
The previous description of the disclosed aspects is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
The foregoing description has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, this description is not intended to limit the embodiments of the disclosure to the form disclosed herein. Although a number of example aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, a person of ordinary skill in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, alterations, additions, and subcombinations thereof.

Claims (4)

1. A low-pressure fuel cell hydrogen supply control method for a low-pressure fuel cell hydrogen supply system, the low-pressure fuel cell hydrogen supply system comprising: the ejector, the outer ring proportional valve, the bypass proportional valve and the inner hole proportional valve;
the ejector comprises a suction chamber, a mixing chamber and a diffusion chamber, and fluid sequentially enters the galvanic pile through the suction chamber, the mixing chamber and the diffusion chamber;
the outlet of the bypass proportional valve is communicated with the mixing chamber, and the passage of the bypass proportional valve communicated with the mixing chamber is an ejector bypass passage;
the suction chamber is provided with an outer ring and an inner hole, and the outer ring is arranged on the outer side of the inner hole;
the ring proportional valve is used for adjusting the fluid pressure of the outer ring;
the inner hole proportional valve is used for adjusting the fluid pressure of the inner hole;
the bypass proportional valve is used for adjusting the fluid pressure of a bypass passage of the ejector;
the low-pressure fuel cell hydrogen supply system further comprises three outer ring medium-pressure mixing cavities, wherein three outer ring proportional valves are arranged at the inlets of the outer ring medium-pressure mixing cavities, and the outlets of the outer ring medium-pressure mixing cavities are communicated with the suction chamber;
the low-pressure fuel cell hydrogen supply system also comprises a proportional valve inlet high-pressure sensor, and fluid flows into the outer ring proportional valve, the bypass proportional valve and the inner hole proportional valve after passing through the proportional valve inlet high-pressure sensor;
an outer ring ejector inlet pressure sensor is arranged at the inlet of the outer ring, an inner hole ejector inlet pressure sensor is arranged at the inlet of the inner hole, a reflux pressure sensor is arranged at the reflux port of the ejector, and a pile-in pressure sensor is arranged at the inlet of the pile;
the control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
when the fuel cell switches operating points, the outer ring proportional valve and the bypass proportional valve are firstly adjusted;
when the actual outer ring ejector inlet pressure is greater than or equal to the target ejector pressure of the next working point minus the calibration pressure S1, the inner hole proportional valve is adjusted to enable the inner hole ejector inlet target pressure to rise from the inner hole ejector inlet target pressure of the last working point to the inner hole ejector inlet target pressure of the next working point after the calibration time C2, wherein the last working point is the working point before the working point is switched, and the next working point is the working point after the working point is switched;
adjusting the bypass proportioning valve includes:
the target control pressure of the bypass proportional valve is increased to be equal to the target pressure of the next working point plus the calibration pressure S2,
when the actual stacking pressure is greater than or equal to the target stacking pressure minus the calibration pressure S, the bypass proportional valve is adjusted to reduce the pressure of the bypass passage to the target pressure of the next working point after the calibration time C;
adjusting the outer ring proportional valve, comprising:
the method comprises the steps that an outer ring proportional valve receives an opening command, the feedforward driving duty ratio of the outer ring proportional valve is set to be PWM3, and the driving duty ratio PWM3 is equal to a theoretical driving duty ratio PWM minus a calibrated driving duty ratio PWM 2;
and adjusting the outer ring proportional valve based on the driving duty ratio PWM3 to enable the inlet pressure of the outer ring ejector to be increased to the actual inlet pressure of the outer ring ejector set by the next working point.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the adjusting the outer ring proportional valve based on the driving duty PWM3 includes:
adjusting the target control pressure of the outer ring proportional valve X1 to be the inlet pressure of the outer ring ejector;
and controlling the duty ratio of the outer ring proportional valve X2 to be a calibrated duty ratio threshold B, and when the actual pile-in pressure is greater than or equal to the target pile-in pressure minus the calibrated pressure S, enabling the duty ratio of the outer ring proportional valve X2 to be restored to 0 after the calibrated time C.
3. A low-pressure fuel cell hydrogen supply control method for a low-pressure fuel cell hydrogen supply system, the low-pressure fuel cell hydrogen supply system comprising: the ejector, the outer ring proportional valve, the bypass proportional valve and the inner hole proportional valve;
the ejector comprises a suction chamber, a mixing chamber and a diffusion chamber, and fluid sequentially enters the galvanic pile through the suction chamber, the mixing chamber and the diffusion chamber;
the outlet of the bypass proportional valve is communicated with the mixing chamber, and the passage of the bypass proportional valve communicated with the mixing chamber is an ejector bypass passage;
the suction chamber is provided with an outer ring and an inner hole, and the outer ring is arranged on the outer side of the inner hole;
the ring proportional valve is used for adjusting the fluid pressure of the outer ring;
the inner hole proportional valve is used for adjusting the fluid pressure of the inner hole;
the bypass proportional valve is used for adjusting the fluid pressure of a bypass passage of the ejector;
the low-pressure fuel cell hydrogen supply system further comprises three outer ring medium-pressure mixing cavities, wherein three outer ring proportional valves are arranged at the inlets of the outer ring medium-pressure mixing cavities, and the outlets of the outer ring medium-pressure mixing cavities are communicated with the suction chamber;
the low-pressure fuel cell hydrogen supply system also comprises a proportional valve inlet high-pressure sensor, and fluid flows into the outer ring proportional valve, the bypass proportional valve and the inner hole proportional valve after passing through the proportional valve inlet high-pressure sensor;
an outer ring ejector inlet pressure sensor is arranged at the inlet of the outer ring, an inner hole ejector inlet pressure sensor is arranged at the inlet of the inner hole, a reflux pressure sensor is arranged at the reflux port of the ejector, and a pile-in pressure sensor is arranged at the inlet of the pile;
the control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
when the fuel cell switches operating points, the outer ring proportional valve and the bypass proportional valve are firstly adjusted;
when the actual outer ring ejector inlet pressure is greater than or equal to the target ejector pressure of the next working point minus the calibration pressure S1, the inner hole proportional valve is adjusted to enable the inner hole ejector inlet target pressure to rise from the inner hole ejector inlet target pressure of the last working point to the inner hole ejector inlet target pressure of the next working point after the calibration time C2, wherein the last working point is the working point before the working point is switched, and the next working point is the working point after the working point is switched;
adjusting the bypass proportioning valve includes:
the bypass proportional valve is adjusted, so that the pressure of the bypass passage is increased to be the target pressure of the next working condition point after the calibration time C1;
adjusting the outer ring proportional valve, comprising:
the method comprises the steps that an outer ring proportional valve receives an opening command, the feedforward driving duty ratio of the outer ring proportional valve is set to be PWM3, and the driving duty ratio PWM3 is equal to a theoretical driving duty ratio PWM minus a calibrated driving duty ratio PWM 2;
and adjusting the outer ring proportional valve based on the driving duty ratio PWM3 to enable the inlet pressure of the outer ring ejector to be increased to the actual inlet pressure of the outer ring ejector set by the next working point.
4. The method of controlling hydrogen supply to a low-pressure fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein the adjusting the outer ring proportional valve based on the driving duty PWM3 includes:
adjusting the target control pressure of the outer ring proportional valve X1 to be the inlet pressure of the outer ring ejector;
and controlling the duty ratio of the outer ring proportional valve X2 to be a calibrated duty ratio threshold B, and when the actual pile-in pressure is greater than or equal to the target pile-in pressure minus the calibrated pressure S, enabling the duty ratio of the outer ring proportional valve X2 to be restored to 0 after the calibrated time C.
CN202310657547.8A 2023-06-05 2023-06-05 Hydrogen supply system of low-pressure fuel cell and control method Active CN116387557B (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2017147135A (en) * 2016-02-18 2017-08-24 本田技研工業株式会社 Control method for fuel cell system
CN112563539A (en) * 2021-02-26 2021-03-26 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 Fuel cell ejector integrating flow measurement function and flow measurement method
CN115377456A (en) * 2022-09-14 2022-11-22 佛山市清极能源科技有限公司 Fuel cell hydrogen circulation system and control method thereof
CN115425256A (en) * 2022-09-07 2022-12-02 烟台东德实业有限公司 Integrated bypass injection type Roots hydrogen circulating pump
CN218101342U (en) * 2022-06-29 2022-12-20 深圳市氢蓝时代动力科技有限公司 Hydrogen ejector and fuel cell hydrogen circulation system
CN218385298U (en) * 2022-10-11 2023-01-24 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 Hydrogen supply device for fuel cell engine

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2017147135A (en) * 2016-02-18 2017-08-24 本田技研工業株式会社 Control method for fuel cell system
CN112563539A (en) * 2021-02-26 2021-03-26 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 Fuel cell ejector integrating flow measurement function and flow measurement method
CN218101342U (en) * 2022-06-29 2022-12-20 深圳市氢蓝时代动力科技有限公司 Hydrogen ejector and fuel cell hydrogen circulation system
CN115425256A (en) * 2022-09-07 2022-12-02 烟台东德实业有限公司 Integrated bypass injection type Roots hydrogen circulating pump
CN115377456A (en) * 2022-09-14 2022-11-22 佛山市清极能源科技有限公司 Fuel cell hydrogen circulation system and control method thereof
CN218385298U (en) * 2022-10-11 2023-01-24 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 Hydrogen supply device for fuel cell engine

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