CN115898971A - Flow-adjustable ejector with proportional electromagnetic drive spray needle and fuel cell - Google Patents

Flow-adjustable ejector with proportional electromagnetic drive spray needle and fuel cell Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115898971A
CN115898971A CN202211427071.0A CN202211427071A CN115898971A CN 115898971 A CN115898971 A CN 115898971A CN 202211427071 A CN202211427071 A CN 202211427071A CN 115898971 A CN115898971 A CN 115898971A
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China
Prior art keywords
nozzle
needle
fuel cell
flow
adjustable
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CN202211427071.0A
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Chinese (zh)
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王雷
伊安宁
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Shandong University
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Shandong University
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Priority to CN202211427071.0A priority Critical patent/CN115898971A/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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Abstract

The invention provides a flow-adjustable ejector with a proportional electromagnetic drive spray needle and a fuel cell, comprising an ejector body and a control mechanism, wherein the control mechanism comprises an electromagnetic proportional valve and a spray needle driven by the electromagnetic proportional valve, and the spray needle is positioned at the front end of a single-nozzle structure of the ejector body; the electromagnetic proportional valve is configured to change the driving displacement of the spray needle according to the power of the fuel cell, and the opening degree of the single-nozzle structure is controlled, so that the flow is adjustable. The invention uses the electromagnetic proportional valve to adjust the position of the spray needle so as to change the opening of the spray nozzle, thereby realizing variable flow regulation. When the power of the fuel cell is changed, the electromagnetic proportional valve responds to drive the spray needle to move correspondingly, and the opening degree of the spray nozzle is controlled so as to meet the requirement of the fuel cell.

Description

Flow-adjustable ejector with proportional electromagnetic drive spray needle and fuel cell
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ejectors, and relates to a flow-adjustable ejector with a proportional electromagnetic drive spray needle and a fuel cell.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a device for converting chemical energy of hydrogen into electric energy, and gradually becomes the best choice for replacing an internal combustion engine as power due to the advantages of high specific energy, high specific density, no pollutant generation and the like. In a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a hydrogen circulation system is one of important systems; the ejector has the advantages of small volume, good sealing property, low noise, no extra energy consumption and the like, gradually becomes the main equipment of hydrogen circulation, and has wide application prospect.
At present, the ejector has great application in fuel cells; there are many types of injectors involved, such as single nozzle injectors, multi-nozzle injectors, and adjustable nozzle injectors. For the single-nozzle ejector, the design is designed under a certain working condition of the fuel cell, and the design has great limitation; when the fuel cell works away from the working condition point, the performance of the single-nozzle ejector can be greatly reduced, and great trouble is caused to the variable-working-condition operation of the fuel cell. The multi-nozzle ejector is provided with a plurality of nozzles, the working range is wide, the number of opening nozzles is small when the power of the fuel cell is low, and the number of opening nozzles is large when the power of the fuel cell is high. However, when the fuel cell switches power, the operating nozzle may also change, which may cause sudden stop and sudden start of the nozzle, which may result in insufficient hydrogen flow, resulting in hysteresis in the output power of the fuel cell. The adjustable ejector of the nozzle is to place the spray needle in the nozzle, drive the spray needle to move in the nozzle and control the opening of the nozzle leftwards and rightwards through the electrical machinery; however, the motor is too large and is difficult to operate, the sealing performance is poor, the time required by the motor to operate is long, the response is slow, the distance of the injection needle is difficult to control in the moving process, and the precision is low, so that the injector is difficult to use on a fuel cell.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a flow-adjustable ejector with a proportional electromagnetic drive spray needle and a fuel cell, aiming at solving the problems. When the power of the fuel cell is changed, the electromagnetic proportional valve responds to drive the spray needle to move correspondingly, and the opening degree of the spray nozzle is controlled so as to meet the requirement of the fuel cell.
According to some embodiments, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the flow-adjustable ejector with the proportional electromagnetic drive spray needle comprises an ejector body and a control mechanism, wherein the control mechanism comprises an electromagnetic proportional valve and the spray needle driven by the electromagnetic proportional valve, and the spray needle is positioned at the front end of a single-nozzle structure of the ejector body;
the electromagnetic proportional valve is configured to change the driving displacement of the spray needle according to the power of the fuel cell, and the opening degree of the single-nozzle structure is controlled, so that the flow is adjustable.
The control mechanism is integrally designed, the occupied space is small, the sealing performance is good, the response of the electromagnetic proportional valve is fast, the precision is high, and the performance of the ejector is improved.
As an optional implementation mode, the injector body comprises a primary flow pipe, a single nozzle structure, a secondary flow pipe, an intake chamber, a mixing chamber and a diffusion chamber, wherein the single nozzle structure, the intake chamber, the mixing chamber and the diffusion chamber are sequentially connected along a main axis, and the primary flow pipe and the secondary flow pipe of the injector body are respectively located on two sides of the main axis of the injector body and have opposite inlet directions.
The invention changes the position relation of the primary flow pipe and the secondary flow pipe, so that the arrangement of the control mechanism does not block the entering of the primary flow.
As an optional implementation manner, the electromagnetic proportional valve is arranged on a primary flow passage of the ejector body, and a spring in the electromagnetic proportional valve is connected with the spray needle to drive the spray needle to move and is positioned on a main axis of the ejector body.
As a further limited embodiment, clamping blocks are arranged at the front end or/and the rear end of a spring of the electromagnetic proportional valve, clamping grooves are formed in the clamping blocks, the spray needle is arranged in the clamping grooves, and the movement area of the spray needle is limited through the matching of the clamping grooves and the spring.
In an alternative embodiment, the needle comprises a cylinder and a cone, one side of the cylinder is arranged in the electromagnetic proportional valve, and the cone is used for blocking the nozzle of the single-nozzle structure so as to control the opening degree of the nozzle.
As an alternative implementation mode, when the ejector does not work, the nozzle can be completely closed by the position of the spray needle, and when the ejector works, the spray needle is driven by proportion electromagnetism to move towards the direction far away from the nozzle, so that the nozzle is gradually opened; and when the fuel cell reaches rated power, the spray needle moves to the maximum limit area, and the opening degree of the spray nozzle is maximum.
As an alternative implementation mode, when the ejector does not work, the position of the spray needle can ensure that the spray needle does not influence the opening degree of the nozzle, and when the ejector works, the proportional electromagnetic drive nozzle moves in the direction close to the nozzle; when the fuel cell reaches rated power, the spray needle is restored to the initial state, and the nozzle is opened maximally; when the output power is smaller, the needle is closer to the nozzle, and the opening degree of the nozzle is smaller.
As an alternative embodiment, a magnetic field is provided outside the primary flow channel.
In an alternative embodiment, the current applied to the electromagnetic proportional valve is related to the output power of the fuel cell, and the electromagnetic force is generated to control the needle to perform corresponding displacement so as to control the opening degree of the nozzle, wherein each power of the fuel cell corresponds to the opening degree of one nozzle.
A fuel cell comprises the flow-adjustable ejector with the proportional electromagnetic drive spray needle.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The electromagnetic proportional valve is used for driving the spray needle to control the opening degree of the nozzle of the ejector, so that the ejector can work under the wide power of a fuel cell, and the response requirement of the ejector under the variable working condition of the fuel cell can be met. The opening of the nozzle is controlled by utilizing the characteristic of proportional adjustment of the electromagnetic proportional valve, so that the flow of the ejector can be linearly changed.
(2) The electromagnetic proportional valve and the ejector are integrally designed, so that the sealing performance of the structure is guaranteed. In addition, the control mechanism has the advantages of simple structure, small volume, high response speed, high precision and the like. The problem of flow lag of the multi-nozzle ejector when the nozzles are switched can be solved; compared with an ejector with a nozzle opening controlled by a spray needle driven by a motor, the ejector control mechanism is better in sealing performance, simpler, faster in output response and higher in precision.
Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are included to illustrate an exemplary embodiment of the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional ejector;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the construction of an adjustable nozzle eductor;
FIG. 3 illustrates three modes of the normally closed adjustable nozzle eductor of the present invention;
fig. 3 (a) is an initial state (ejector not in operation);
fig. 3 (b) is an intermediate state (ejector put into operation);
fig. 3 (c) is the end state (ejector fully operational);
FIG. 4 is three modes of the normally open adjustable nozzle eductor of the present invention;
fig. 4 (a) is an initial state (the ejector is fully put into operation);
fig. 4 (b) is an intermediate state (ejector put into operation);
fig. 4 (c) shows the end state (ejector not in operation).
The device comprises a primary flow pipe 1, a secondary flow pipe 2, a single nozzle structure 3, an inhalation chamber 4, a constant pressure mixing chamber 5, a constant area mixing chamber 6, a diffusion chamber 7, a spray needle 8, a clamping groove 9, a spring 10, an electromagnetic proportional valve 11 and a magnetic field 12.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
As shown in fig. 1, the conventional ejector includes a primary flow pipe 1, a secondary flow pipe 2, a single nozzle structure 3, a suction chamber 4, a constant-pressure mixing chamber 5, a constant-area mixing chamber 6, and a diffusion chamber 7. The nozzle 3 is connected with the outlet of the primary flow pipe 1, the nozzle 3 crosses the suction chamber 4 to enter the mixing chamber, and finally the mixing chamber is connected with the diffusion chamber 7; the secondary flow pipe 2 is positioned below the suction chamber and connected with the mixing chamber.
The working principle of the ejector is that high-pressure gas flowing in from a primary flow pipe passes through a nozzle and converts the pressure potential energy of the fluid into kinetic energy; forming a low pressure region at the nozzle outlet, the low pressure region being capable of drawing in hydrogen, nitrogen and water vapor from the fuel cell anode tail gas connected to the secondary flow pipe; the gas in the secondary flow pipe flows into the mixing chamber to be mixed with the primary flow gas, and the two gases are mixed in the mixing chamber and then enter the anode of the fuel cell through the diffusion chamber.
Example one
Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of the ejector for regulating and controlling the flow rate of the proportional electromagnetic drive nozzle needle of the embodiment, and on the basis of the conventional ejector, the position where a primary flow pipe enters is changed, and structures such as an electromagnetic proportional valve and a nozzle needle are added. The electromagnetic proportional valve is connected with the primary flow channel, so that the sealing property in the pipeline is ensured.
The electromagnetic proportional valve can make corresponding instructions according to the power change of the fuel cell, drive the spray needle to move left and right, control the opening of the spray nozzle, complete the mixing of primary flow and secondary flow and convey gas for the anode of the fuel cell. A clamping groove 9 is arranged in a pipeline of the primary flow to fix the spray needle, so that the spray needle is ensured not to shake along with the shaking of the ejector, and the influence of the up-and-down movement of the spray needle on the opening degree of a nozzle is avoided; meanwhile, the clamping groove limits the moving range of the nozzle, the spray needle can only move within a specified range, and redundant displacement cannot be carried out to prevent damage to the spray needle.
For a normally closed adjustable nozzle ejector, when the fuel cell has no output power, that is, when the ejector does not work, the nozzle can be completely blocked by the needle, and the needle is positioned at the rightmost end at the moment, as shown in fig. 3 (a). Along with the start of power output of the fuel cell, the electromagnetic proportional valve can obtain a corresponding signal to drive the spray needle to move left, the spray nozzle can be gradually opened, the flow rate of primary flow can be gradually increased, and secondary flow is further injected; the primary flow and the secondary flow are mixed and then are conveyed to the fuel cell, and the requirement of the output power of the fuel cell is met. The output power of the fuel cell is small, the smaller the left movement displacement of the spray needle is, and the opening degree of the spray nozzle is small; the fuel cell has high output power, the larger the left movement displacement of the spray needle is, and the larger the opening degree of the spray nozzle is. Fig. 3 (b) shows the position of the needle corresponding to a certain power of the fuel cell. When the fuel cell reaches the rated power, the needle is positioned at the leftmost end as shown in fig. 3 (c), and the nozzle is in a fully open state. The moving speed of the spray needle is related to the changing speed of the output power of the fuel cell, the moving speed of the spray needle is high when the output power of the fuel cell is changed fast, and the moving speed of the spray needle is low when the output power of the fuel cell is changed slow. Through adjusting the displacement of the spray needle, the device not only can work in the wide power range of the fuel cell, but also can change the size of the spray nozzle in real time to control the flow so as to meet the flow requirement of the fuel cell under variable working conditions.
Example two
The embodiment provides a normally open type adjustable nozzle ejector. The needle is at the leftmost end in the most initial state, and the spring in the electromagnetic proportional valve does not apply a force to the needle, and the nozzle is opened to the maximum extent at this time, as shown in fig. 4 (a).
When the fuel cell starts to output power, the electromagnetic proportional valve judges according to the output signal of the fuel cell, and applies corresponding force to the needle to displace to the right for a certain distance. The larger the output power of the fuel cell is, the smaller the displacement of the needle moving rightwards is, and the larger the opening of the nozzle is; the smaller the output power of the fuel cell, the larger the displacement of the needle to the right, and the smaller the nozzle opening. And when the output power of the fuel cell is 0, the spray needle is positioned at the rightmost end to completely close the spray nozzle as shown in (c) of fig. 4, and the ejector does not work. Fig. 4 (b) shows the position of the needle corresponding to a certain power when the fuel cell is operated. When the fuel cell is in full power output, the spring in the electromagnetic proportional valve does not apply force to the spray needle, the spray needle is in the original position and is positioned at the leftmost end, and the opening degree of the spray nozzle is the largest at the moment.
EXAMPLE III
A fuel cell, using the ejector of the first or second embodiment.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The flow-adjustable ejector with the proportional electromagnetic drive spray needle is characterized by comprising an ejector body and a control mechanism, wherein the control mechanism comprises an electromagnetic proportional valve and the spray needle driven by the electromagnetic proportional valve, and the spray needle is positioned at the front end of a single-nozzle structure of the ejector body;
the electromagnetic proportional valve is configured to change the driving displacement of the spray needle according to the power of the fuel cell, and the opening degree of the single-nozzle structure is controlled, so that the flow is adjustable.
2. The flow-adjustable injector with the proportional electromagnetic drive spray needle according to claim 1, wherein the injector body comprises a primary flow pipe, a single-nozzle structure, a secondary flow pipe, a suction chamber, a mixing chamber and a diffusion chamber, the single-nozzle structure, the suction chamber, the mixing chamber and the diffusion chamber are sequentially connected along a main axis, the primary flow pipe and the secondary flow pipe of the injector body are respectively positioned on two sides of the main axis of the injector body, and the inlet directions of the primary flow pipe and the secondary flow pipe are opposite.
3. The flow adjustable injector with the proportional electromagnetic drive nozzle needle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic proportional valve is arranged on a primary flow passage of the injector body, and a spring in the electromagnetic proportional valve is connected with the nozzle needle to drive the nozzle needle to move and is positioned on a main axis of the injector body.
4. The flow-adjustable injector with the proportional electromagnetic drive needle according to claim 3, wherein clamping blocks are arranged at the front end or/and the rear end of the spring of the electromagnetic proportional valve, clamping grooves are formed in the clamping blocks, the needle is arranged in the clamping grooves, and the movement area of the needle is limited by the matching of the clamping grooves and the spring.
5. The flow adjustable injector with the proportional solenoid-driven needle as claimed in claim 1, 3 or 4, wherein the needle comprises a cylinder and a cone, one side of the cylinder is arranged in the solenoid proportional valve, and the cone is used for blocking the nozzle of the single-nozzle structure so as to control the opening degree of the nozzle.
6. The adjustable flow eductor with the proportional solenoid-actuated needle of claim 1 wherein the needle is positioned to completely close the nozzle when the eductor is not operating, and the proportional solenoid-actuated needle moves away from the nozzle to gradually open the nozzle when the eductor is operating; and when the fuel cell reaches rated power, the spray needle runs to the maximum limit area, and the opening degree of the spray nozzle is maximum.
7. The adjustable flow eductor with the proportional solenoid-actuated nozzle needle of claim 1 wherein the nozzle needle is positioned such that the nozzle needle does not affect the nozzle opening when the eductor is not operating, the proportional solenoid-actuated nozzle moving in a direction toward the nozzle when the eductor is operating; when the fuel cell reaches rated power, the spray needle is restored to the initial state, and the nozzle is opened maximally; when the output power is smaller, the needle is closer to the nozzle, and the opening degree of the nozzle is smaller.
8. The flow-adjustable injector with the proportional electromagnetic drive needle according to claim 3, wherein a magnetic field is arranged outside the primary flow channel.
9. The adjustable flow injector of claim 1 wherein the proportional solenoid valve is configured to apply a current in a magnitude related to the power output of the fuel cell to generate a corresponding displacement of the proportional solenoid valve to control the opening of the nozzle, each power of the fuel cell corresponding to the opening of one nozzle.
10. A fuel cell comprising a flow adjustable injector with a proportional solenoid actuated needle as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
CN202211427071.0A 2022-11-15 2022-11-15 Flow-adjustable ejector with proportional electromagnetic drive spray needle and fuel cell Pending CN115898971A (en)

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CN202211427071.0A CN115898971A (en) 2022-11-15 2022-11-15 Flow-adjustable ejector with proportional electromagnetic drive spray needle and fuel cell

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CN202211427071.0A CN115898971A (en) 2022-11-15 2022-11-15 Flow-adjustable ejector with proportional electromagnetic drive spray needle and fuel cell

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117928959A (en) * 2024-03-25 2024-04-26 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳空气动力研究所 Ejector type power simulation system of aero-engine icing test bed

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040081869A1 (en) * 2002-07-10 2004-04-29 Denso Corporation Fuel cell system working to control supply pressure of fuel accurately
CN105363582A (en) * 2015-12-16 2016-03-02 山东大学 Needle control device capable of adjusting area of ejector nozzle and ejector
CN106382761A (en) * 2016-08-26 2017-02-08 山东建筑大学 Electric adjustable throttle and jet type bubble absorption integrated device
CN106938224A (en) * 2017-03-06 2017-07-11 西南科技大学 A kind of variable area based on electric expansion valve compares injector
US20180073523A1 (en) * 2015-04-15 2018-03-15 University Of Delaware Devices, systems, and methods for variable flow rate fuel ejection
DE102019209765A1 (en) * 2019-07-03 2021-01-07 Audi Ag Ejector, ejector set, method for operating an ejector, fuel cell system and motor vehicle
CN217381055U (en) * 2022-05-27 2022-09-06 江苏凌氢新能源科技有限公司 Adjustable ejector for controlling flow area of nozzle by needle valve
DE102021108601A1 (en) * 2021-04-07 2022-10-13 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Hydrogen injector for a passive recirculation fuel cell

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040081869A1 (en) * 2002-07-10 2004-04-29 Denso Corporation Fuel cell system working to control supply pressure of fuel accurately
US20180073523A1 (en) * 2015-04-15 2018-03-15 University Of Delaware Devices, systems, and methods for variable flow rate fuel ejection
CN105363582A (en) * 2015-12-16 2016-03-02 山东大学 Needle control device capable of adjusting area of ejector nozzle and ejector
CN106382761A (en) * 2016-08-26 2017-02-08 山东建筑大学 Electric adjustable throttle and jet type bubble absorption integrated device
CN106938224A (en) * 2017-03-06 2017-07-11 西南科技大学 A kind of variable area based on electric expansion valve compares injector
DE102019209765A1 (en) * 2019-07-03 2021-01-07 Audi Ag Ejector, ejector set, method for operating an ejector, fuel cell system and motor vehicle
DE102021108601A1 (en) * 2021-04-07 2022-10-13 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Hydrogen injector for a passive recirculation fuel cell
CN217381055U (en) * 2022-05-27 2022-09-06 江苏凌氢新能源科技有限公司 Adjustable ejector for controlling flow area of nozzle by needle valve

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117928959A (en) * 2024-03-25 2024-04-26 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳空气动力研究所 Ejector type power simulation system of aero-engine icing test bed

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