CN115814973A - Four-nozzle ejector and control method - Google Patents

Four-nozzle ejector and control method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115814973A
CN115814973A CN202211618748.9A CN202211618748A CN115814973A CN 115814973 A CN115814973 A CN 115814973A CN 202211618748 A CN202211618748 A CN 202211618748A CN 115814973 A CN115814973 A CN 115814973A
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nozzle
fuel cell
ejector
nozzles
mixing chamber
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王雷
伊安宁
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Shandong University
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Shandong University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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Abstract

The invention discloses a four-nozzle ejector and a control method, which relate to the technical field of ejectors, and meet the circulation requirement of a fuel cell by controlling the opening of different nozzles; the specific scheme is as follows: a four-nozzle ejector comprises primary flow pipes, four-nozzle structures, a mixing chamber and a diffusion chamber which are sequentially communicated along the axis of the ejector, wherein the number of the primary flow pipes corresponds to the number of the nozzles of the four-nozzle structures and is communicated in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and each primary flow pipe is provided with an electromagnetic valve; the four-nozzle structure comprises coaxial double nozzles arranged along an axis, the coaxial double nozzles comprise a first nozzle and a fourth nozzle, the two sides of the coaxial double nozzles are provided with a second nozzle and a third nozzle which are designed according to 20% of the flow corresponding to the rated power of the fuel cell, the first nozzle is designed according to 10% of the flow corresponding to the rated power of the fuel cell, the fourth nozzle is designed according to 50% of the flow corresponding to the rated power of the fuel cell, and the four-nozzle structure realizes different nozzle combinations through an electromagnetic valve so as to cover each power range.

Description

Four-nozzle ejector and control method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of injectors and fuel cells, in particular to a four-nozzle injector and a control method.
Background
The ejector is a mechanical device for realizing energy conversion by ejecting another fluid through one fluid, and in the practical application of the fuel cell, the performance of the ejector is mainly determined by the output power of the fuel cell. Fuel cells are used in a variety of applications and require stable output under a variety of conditions in the face of various complex operating conditions, so injectors are required to be designed to operate efficiently over a wide power range The design of the traditional ejector is designed at a certain output power point of the fuel cell, so that after the traditional ejector deviates from the designed working point, the performance of the traditional ejector is greatly reduced, the traditional ejector cannot work in a wider power range, and the traditional ejector has great limitation. There is also a variable nozzle injector, which changes the operating range of the injector by adjusting the size of the nozzle with a controllable needle, although the problem of narrow operating range of the conventional injector can be solved. However, since the position of the needle needs to be controlled with high precision and it needs a stable working environment, this causes the driving device of the injector to become extremely complicated and not well suited for use in a dynamically operated fuel cell system.
The inventors have found that when the injector is operated over a wide power range of the fuel cell, conditions that may occur during variable operating conditions are not avoided. When the power of the fuel cell is changed, a working nozzle of the injector is also changed, the injector has the phenomenon of sudden stop and sudden start of the nozzle, so that the flow step jumps, and the flow fluctuation generates certain impact on a galvanic pile of the fuel cell, so that the service life of the galvanic pile is reduced, and meanwhile, the problems of insufficient flow supply of the injector and incapability of the fuel cell in reaching the output power can also occur.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a four-nozzle ejector and a control method, which meet the output response of a fuel cell by combining different nozzles, so that the four-nozzle ejector not only can work in a high-power range of the fuel cell, but also can meet the requirement of stable-pressure hydrogen supply of the fuel cell under variable working conditions, and each power range is covered.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a four-nozzle ejector comprises primary flow pipes, four-nozzle structures, a mixing chamber and a diffusion chamber which are sequentially communicated along the axis of the ejector, wherein the number of the primary flow pipes corresponds to the number of the nozzles of the four-nozzle structures and is communicated in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and each primary flow pipe is provided with an electromagnetic valve;
the four-nozzle structure comprises coaxial double nozzles arranged along an axis, the coaxial double nozzles comprise a first nozzle and a fourth nozzle, a second nozzle and a third nozzle which are designed according to 20% of the injection flow corresponding to the rated power of the fuel cell are arranged on two sides of the coaxial double nozzles, the first nozzle is designed according to 10% of the injection flow corresponding to the rated power of the fuel cell, the fourth nozzle is designed according to 50% of the injection flow corresponding to the rated power of the fuel cell, and different nozzle combinations are achieved through an electromagnetic valve to cover each power range.
As a further implementation, the second nozzle and the third nozzle are symmetrically disposed about the coaxial dual nozzle, and the throat area of the first nozzle is smaller than the throat area of the fourth nozzle.
As a further realization mode, the device also comprises a suction chamber and a secondary flow pipe, wherein the suction chamber and the secondary flow pipe are respectively arranged at two sides of the four-nozzle structure and are communicated with the mixing chamber.
As a further implementation, the mixing chamber comprises a constant pressure mixing chamber and a constant area mixing chamber arranged in sequence.
As a further implementation manner, the nozzle outlets of the first nozzle, the second nozzle and the third nozzle are circular, and the nozzle outlet of the fourth nozzle is annular.
As a further implementation manner, the operating states of the first nozzle, the second nozzle, the third nozzle and the fourth nozzle are determined by the output power and the current of the fuel cell.
As a further implementation, each nozzle in the four-nozzle configuration is tapered conical, the throat diameter of the first nozzle is 1mm, the throat diameters of the second and third nozzles are 1.4mm, the inner diameter of the fourth nozzle is 1.4mm, the outer diameter is 2.4mm, and the diameter of the ejector mixing chamber area mixing section is 8mm.
As a further implementation, each nozzle in the four-nozzle structure is communicated with a corresponding hydrogen supply pipeline through a primary flow pipe.
As a further implementation mode, an electromagnetic valve on the primary flow pipe controls the opening and closing through a controller; the controller is also used for connecting a current sensor at the output end of the hydrogen fuel cell.
In a second aspect, a control method of a four-nozzle injector, which uses a four-nozzle injector as described above, includes the steps of:
acquiring a current value of a current sensor at the output end of the hydrogen fuel cell;
judging the output power according to the output current of the hydrogen fuel cell;
and combining different nozzles in the four-nozzle structure according to the ratio of the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell to the rated power, and controlling the opening and the closing of the corresponding nozzles through electromagnetic valves.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the four-nozzle injector provided by the invention has the advantages that the first nozzle is designed according to 10% of the rated power of the fuel cell, the fourth nozzle is designed according to 50% of the rated power of the fuel cell, the second nozzle and the third nozzle are designed according to 20% of the rated power of the fuel cell, and due to the particularity of the injector nozzles, the four-nozzle injector can work at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100% of the rated power of the fuel cell by the combination of the nozzles and covers each power range.
2. And the valve works in a certain current range, and the opening degree of the electromagnetic valve is controlled to control the flow rate of the conveyed hydrogen. By controlling the opening of different nozzles, the hydrogen can be conveyed linearly, stably and uniformly, and the circulation requirement of the fuel cell is met; and the sudden stop and the sudden start of the nozzle are also avoided, and a certain protection effect is generated on the fuel cell stack.
3. According to the invention, through the design of the four-nozzle ejector and the matching of the logical control method of the nozzles, the opening degree of the nozzles is controlled when the fuel cell switches power, so that the flow is linearly, stably and uniformly conveyed, the step jump is avoided, the response is fast, and the power requirement is met; the four-nozzle ejector is safe and reliable, has low cost, and can enable the fuel cell to work under large-range output power.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a structure of a conventional ejector.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a four nozzle injector according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a partial structural schematic view of fig. 2.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a four-nozzle structure in an embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 5 is a side view of the structure of fig. 4.
In the figure: the spacing or dimensions between each other are exaggerated to show the location of the various parts, and the schematic is shown only schematically.
Wherein: 1-primary flow pipe, 2-suction chamber, 3-traditional single nozzle, 4-secondary flow pipe, 5-constant pressure mixing chamber, 6-constant area mixing chamber, 7-diffusion chamber, 8-four nozzle structure, pe-hydrogen fuel cell rated power;
8-1-first nozzle, 8-2-second nozzle, 8-3-third nozzle, and 8-4-fourth nozzle.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
Example one
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1 to 5, a four-nozzle ejector includes a primary flow pipe 1, a four-nozzle structure 8, a mixing chamber and a diffusion chamber 7 which are sequentially communicated along an ejector axis, and further includes a suction chamber 2 and a secondary flow pipe 4, the suction chamber 2 and the secondary flow pipe 4 being respectively disposed at both sides of the four-nozzle structure 8 and communicated with the mixing chamber.
The primary flow pipe 1 is used for receiving the hydrogen which flows out of the hydrogen storage tank and is decompressed, a low-pressure area is formed at the outlet of the four-nozzle structure 8, the gas at the outlet of the anode of the fuel cell communicated with the secondary flow pipe 4 is sucked, and the gas is mixed in the mixing chamber and then is sent into the fuel cell through the diffusion chamber 7.
The four-nozzle structure 8 comprises four nozzles which are communicated with the primary flow pipes 1 in a one-to-one correspondence mode and comprise a first nozzle 8-1, a second nozzle 8-2, a third nozzle 8-3 and a fourth nozzle 8-4, and each primary flow pipe is provided with an electromagnetic valve for controlling the opening and the switching of different nozzles so as to meet the requirements of different power ranges of the hydrogen fuel cell.
The mixing chamber comprises a constant-pressure mixing chamber 5 and a constant-area mixing chamber 6 which are communicated in sequence, and the constant-pressure mixing chamber 5 and the constant-area mixing chamber 6 are both arranged on the axis of the ejector.
Specifically, the four-nozzle structure comprises coaxial double nozzles arranged along an axis, the coaxial double nozzles comprise a first nozzle 8-1 and a fourth nozzle 8-4, a second nozzle 8-2 and a third nozzle 8-3 are symmetrically arranged about the coaxial double nozzles, the throat area of the first nozzle 8-1 is smaller than that of the fourth nozzle 8-4, the nozzle outlets of the first nozzle 8-1, the second nozzle 8-2 and the third nozzle 8-3 are circular, and the nozzle outlet of the fourth nozzle 8-4 is annular.
Specifically, the second nozzle 8-2 and the third nozzle 8-3, which are designed according to 20% of the injection flow rate corresponding to the rated power of the fuel cell, are arranged on two sides of the coaxial double-nozzle in the embodiment, the first nozzle 8-1 is designed according to 10% of the injection flow rate corresponding to the rated power of the fuel cell, and the fourth nozzle 8-4 is designed according to 50% of the injection flow rate corresponding to the rated power of the fuel cell.
Every nozzle in the four-nozzle structure all communicates with corresponding hydrogen supply pipeline through a flow tube 1, and the solenoid valve on the flow tube is used for controlling the degree of opening of different nozzles to realize opening and closing of nozzle, four-nozzle structure passes through the solenoid valve and realizes different nozzle combinations in order to cover every power scope.
The flow rate passing through each nozzle in the four-nozzle structure is also designed according to the rated power of the fuel cell, the flow rate determines the output power of the fuel cell, and the current indirectly reflects the output power of the fuel cell, namely the working states of the first nozzle, the second nozzle, the third nozzle and the fourth nozzle are determined by the output power and the current of the fuel cell.
Further, each nozzle in the four-nozzle structure is in a tapered conical shape, the throat diameter of the first nozzle in the embodiment is 1mm, the throat diameters of the second nozzle and the third nozzle are 1.4mm, the inner diameter of the fourth nozzle is 1.4mm, the outer diameter is 2.4mm, and the diameter of the area mixing section of the ejector mixing chamber is 8mm.
It can be understood that the electromagnetic valve on the primary flow pipe 1 controls the opening and the switch through the controller; the controller is also used for connecting a current sensor at the output end of the hydrogen fuel cell. The current sensor detects the current value of the output end of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the controller judges the output power according to the current value, so that the nozzles are combined for use and the electromagnetic valves are controlled to open different nozzles.
The four-nozzle structure of the present embodiment divides the conventional nozzle into a first nozzle 8-1, a second nozzle 8-2, a third nozzle 8-3, and a fourth nozzle 8-4.
Due to the specificity of the injector nozzle, it is possible to operate at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100% of the rated power of the fuel cell by combining different nozzles in a four nozzle configuration, covering each power range. The four-nozzle ejector is safe and reliable, has low cost, and can enable the fuel cell to work under large-range output power.
In another example, the first injector is designed at 10% of the injected flow rate at the rated power of the fuel cell, the second injector is designed at 20% of the injected flow rate at the rated power of the fuel cell, the third injector is designed at 30% of the injected flow rate at the rated power of the fuel cell, and the fourth injector is designed at 40% of the injected flow rate at the rated power of the fuel cell. In this arrangement, the inner diameters of the second nozzle and the third nozzle are different, and the four-nozzle structure is not an axisymmetric structure.
The four-nozzle structure of the present embodiment is preferably a symmetrical structure.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the present ejector includes a primary flow pipe 1, a secondary flow pipe 4, a conventional single nozzle 3, a suction chamber 2, mixing chambers 5 and 6, and a diffusion chamber 7.
Wherein the mixing chamber 5 is a constant pressure mixing chamber and 6 is a constant area mixing chamber. The primary flow tube 1 is connected to a conventional single nozzle 3, the conventional single nozzle 3 reaching the mixing chamber through the suction chamber 2; passing through a constant-pressure mixing chamber 5 and a constant-area mixing chamber 6, and then connecting the constant-area mixing chamber 6 with a diffusion chamber 7; the secondary flow pipe 4 is arranged below the four-nozzle structure and is communicated with the mixing chamber.
As shown in fig. 2, the four-nozzle ejector designed in this embodiment includes a primary flow pipe 1, a secondary flow pipe 4, a four-nozzle structure 8, a suction chamber 2, a constant-pressure mixing chamber 5, a constant-area mixing chamber 6, and a diffusion chamber 7. The different nozzles in the four nozzle arrangement 8 can be combined in any combination, whereby each power range to the hydrogen fuel cell can be covered.
The working principle of the ejector in the hydrogen supply circulation system of the fuel cell is as follows: the high-pressure hydrogen from the hydrogen storage tank passes through a pressure reducing valve to obtain proper hydrogen supply pressure, enters each nozzle through the primary flow pipe 1, forms a low-pressure area at the outlet of each nozzle, can be sucked into unreacted hydrogen, nitrogen and water vapor at the outlet of the anode of the fuel cell through the secondary flow pipe 4, is fully mixed in the mixing chamber, and finally is sent into the fuel cell again through the diffusion chamber 7.
Example two
The present embodiment provides a control method of a four-nozzle injector, which uses the four-nozzle injector according to the first embodiment, and includes the following steps:
acquiring the current value of a current sensor at the output end of the hydrogen fuel cell;
judging the output power according to the output current of the hydrogen fuel cell;
different nozzles in the four-nozzle structure are combined according to the proportion of the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell relative to the rated power Pe of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the opening and the switch of the corresponding nozzle are controlled by the electromagnetic valve, so that different power requirements of the hydrogen fuel cell are met.
The applicable power range of the four-nozzle ejector of the embodiment is 17kW to 170kW. In a system of a hydrogen circulation system of a 170kW fuel cell, the hydrogen supply pressure of an injector is set in a proper range of 6bar-10bar, the temperature is 20 ℃, the pressure of secondary flow hydrogen is 1.9bar, and the temperature is 70 ℃; the ejector outlet pressure was 2.1bar and the temperature was 65 ℃.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0004001275140000081
As shown in table 1 above, the four-nozzle injector of the present embodiment is controlled according to the fact that the controller determines the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell according to the current detected by the current sensor at the output end of the fuel cell, and calculates the ratio of the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell to the rated power Pe of the hydrogen fuel cell, so as to combine the nozzles according to the ratio and control the solenoid valve to open different nozzles.
When the current is 0-50A, the output power of the fuel cell is 10% of the rated power, and the opening degree of the first nozzle is opened at the moment;
the current range is 51-100A, and the output power is 20% of the rated power at the time, and the second nozzle or the third nozzle is opened;
the current range is 101-150A, the output power is 30% of rated power, and the first nozzle and the second nozzle (or the third nozzle) are opened in the range;
the current range is 151-210A, the output power is 40% of the rated power, and the second nozzle and the third nozzle are opened;
the current range is 211-250A, the output power is 50% of the rated power, and the fourth nozzle is opened;
the current range is 251-310A, the output power is 60% of the rated power, and the first nozzle and the fourth nozzle are opened;
the current range is 311-360A, the output power is 70% of the rated power, and the second nozzle (or the third nozzle) and the fourth nozzle are opened;
the current range is 361-412A, the output power is 80% of the rated power, and the first nozzle, the second nozzle (or the third nozzle) and the fourth nozzle are opened;
the current range is 413-445A, the output power is 90% of the rated power, and the second nozzle, the third nozzle and the fourth nozzle are opened;
the current range is 446-495A, i.e. rated power, all four nozzles are open.
Through the multi-nozzle logic control method, the requirement of the fuel cell under the variable working condition can be quickly responded, and the full power range of the hydrogen fuel cell is covered.
For example, when the fuel cell is switched from the 10% power mode to the 20% power mode, the hydrogen supply pressure is kept constant, the opening degree of the injection nozzles is controlled by the solenoid valve, the opening degree of the first injection nozzle is decreased, and the opening degree of the second injection nozzle (or the third injection nozzle) is increased, so that the flow rate tends to increase linearly until the second injection nozzle is fully opened and the first injection nozzle is closed.
Meanwhile, the hydrogen flow rate controller works in a certain current range, and the opening degree of the electromagnetic valve is controlled to control the hydrogen flow rate. By controlling the opening of different nozzles, the hydrogen can be conveyed linearly, stably and uniformly, and the circulation requirement of the fuel cell is met; and the sudden stop and the sudden start of the nozzle are also avoided, and a certain protection effect is generated on the fuel cell stack.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A four-nozzle ejector is characterized by comprising primary flow pipes, four-nozzle structures, a mixing chamber and a diffusion chamber which are sequentially communicated along the axis of the ejector, wherein the number of the primary flow pipes corresponds to the number of the nozzles of the four-nozzle structures and are communicated one by one, and each primary flow pipe is provided with an electromagnetic valve;
the four-nozzle structure comprises coaxial double nozzles arranged along an axis, the coaxial double nozzles comprise a first nozzle and a fourth nozzle, a second nozzle and a third nozzle which are designed according to 20% of the injection flow corresponding to the rated power of the fuel cell are arranged on two sides of the coaxial double nozzles, the first nozzle is designed according to 10% of the injection flow corresponding to the rated power of the fuel cell, the fourth nozzle is designed according to 50% of the injection flow corresponding to the rated power of the fuel cell, and different nozzle combinations are achieved through an electromagnetic valve to cover each power range.
2. A four nozzle ejector according to claim 1, wherein said second and third nozzles are symmetrically arranged about a coaxial double nozzle, the throat area of the first nozzle being smaller than the throat area of the fourth nozzle.
3. The four-nozzle ejector of claim 1, further comprising a suction chamber and a secondary flow tube disposed on either side of the four-nozzle structure and in communication with the mixing chamber.
4. A four-nozzle sprayer according to claim 3, wherein the mixing chamber comprises a constant pressure mixing chamber and a constant area mixing chamber arranged in series.
5. The four-nozzle ejector of claim 1, wherein the nozzle outlets of the first, second and third nozzles are circular and the nozzle outlet of the fourth nozzle is annular.
6. The four-nozzle injector of claim 1, wherein the operating conditions of the first, second, third and fourth nozzles are determined by the output power and current level of the fuel cell.
7. A four nozzle spray according to claim 1 wherein each nozzle of said four nozzle arrangement is tapered conical.
8. The four-nozzle ejector of claim 1, wherein each nozzle of said four-nozzle arrangement is in communication with a corresponding hydrogen supply conduit via a primary flow tube.
9. The four-nozzle ejector of claim 8, wherein the solenoid valve on the primary flow tube is controlled by a controller to open and close; the controller is also used for connecting a current sensor at the output end of the hydrogen fuel cell.
10. A control method of a four-nozzle ejector, characterized by using a four-nozzle ejector according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
acquiring the current value of a current sensor at the output end of the hydrogen fuel cell;
judging the output power according to the output current of the hydrogen fuel cell;
different nozzles in the four-nozzle structure are combined according to the ratio of the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell to the rated power, and the opening and the switch of the corresponding nozzle are controlled by the electromagnetic valve.
CN202211618748.9A 2022-12-15 2022-12-15 Four-nozzle ejector and control method Pending CN115814973A (en)

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Cited By (1)

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CN116799246A (en) * 2023-06-07 2023-09-22 武汉雄韬氢雄燃料电池科技有限公司 Fuel cell hydrogen supply integrated module and design method thereof

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CN112844889A (en) * 2021-03-08 2021-05-28 山东学智索科流体科技有限公司 Telescopic coaxial dual nozzle injector and method for variable condition fuel cell
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US5714113A (en) * 1994-08-29 1998-02-03 American Combustion, Inc. Apparatus for electric steelmaking
JPH11148733A (en) * 1997-11-17 1999-06-02 Denso Corp Ejector for refrigerating cycle
KR20020028521A (en) * 2000-10-10 2002-04-17 구자홍 Variable capacity ejector
JP2008133796A (en) * 2006-11-29 2008-06-12 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Ejector and refrigerating cycle device
CN102213240A (en) * 2011-05-24 2011-10-12 河南理工大学 Ejector with multiple parallel nozzles
RU177206U1 (en) * 2016-12-29 2018-02-13 Рафаиль Кимович Шарипов COILABLE, VIBRATION RESISTANT MULTI-JET NOZZLE PUMP EJECTOR
US20180290114A1 (en) * 2017-04-05 2018-10-11 Denso Corporation Ejector, fuel cell system equipped with ejector and refrigeration cycle system equipped with ejector
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CN112844889A (en) * 2021-03-08 2021-05-28 山东学智索科流体科技有限公司 Telescopic coaxial dual nozzle injector and method for variable condition fuel cell
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116799246A (en) * 2023-06-07 2023-09-22 武汉雄韬氢雄燃料电池科技有限公司 Fuel cell hydrogen supply integrated module and design method thereof

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