CN213598275U - Novel ejector, fuel cell system and vehicle - Google Patents
Novel ejector, fuel cell system and vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN213598275U CN213598275U CN202022396250.5U CN202022396250U CN213598275U CN 213598275 U CN213598275 U CN 213598275U CN 202022396250 U CN202022396250 U CN 202022396250U CN 213598275 U CN213598275 U CN 213598275U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The utility model relates to the technical field of new energy, in particular to a novel ejector, a fuel cell system and a vehicle, wherein the novel ejector comprises a drainage inlet, a mixing chamber, a diffusion chamber and an ejection outlet which are communicated in sequence; the ejector further comprises a first jet inlet and a second jet inlet, and the first jet inlet and the second jet inlet are communicated with the mixing chamber; the utility model discloses a through the novel ejector that has first efflux entry and second efflux entry, and then can spout through first hydrogen and spout with second hydrogen, control the injection pressure of first efflux entry and second efflux entry respectively, satisfy the injection ability demand under the different operating modes of fuel cell system from this; the jet energy of the first jet and the second jet is fully utilized; the opening and closing amplitudes of the first hydrogen jet and the second hydrogen jet are controlled in a matched mode by selecting the flow areas of the first nozzle and the second nozzle, and therefore the degree of freedom of the system is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a new forms of energy technical field, concretely relates to novel ejector, fuel cell system and vehicle.
Background
In order to improve the performance of a fuel cell system (proton exchange membrane fuel cell system), improve the utilization rate of hydrogen and improve the water balance of the system, an anode reflux (hydrogen reflux) system is adopted in the fuel cell system, namely, the anode hydrogen reaction gas of the fuel cell is excessively supplied to an electric pile, part of hydrogen is consumed by the electrochemical reaction of the electric pile, the rest hydrogen and reaction products are mixed and discharged out of the electric pile, the mixture discharged out of the electric pile is driven to reflux by a driving device (a hydrogen circulating pump or an ejector), and is mixed with newly supplied hydrogen before the anode inlet of the electric pile and enters the electric pile again.
The hydrogen reflux driving device mainly comprises a hydrogen circulating pump and an ejector. The traditional hydrogen circulating pump is heavy in mass, high in cost, large in thermal inertia and high in cold icing risk; and for the ejector, the ejector has no moving part, does not need to consume external energy, has simple structure, small volume and low cost, and has larger popularization potential.
The ejector 4 mainly utilizes energy in a hydrogen storage process, a common ejector 4 fluid domain structure is shown in figure 1, and the working principle is as follows: the compressed hydrogen generates high-speed jet flow at the nozzle 4c through the jet flow inlet 4a to form a local low-pressure area, the pressure difference drives the drainage fluid to flow to the low-pressure area through the drainage inlet 4b and mix with the jet flow in the mixing chamber 4d, the air flow speed is reduced through the diffusion chamber 4e, the pressure is recovered, and the pressure is recovered and enters the galvanic pile 5 from the injection outlet 4 f. Typically, the pressure recovered by the eductor 4 is higher than the pressure at the bleed inlet 4b, thereby enabling the eductor 4 to drive the bleed fluid from a low pressure to a high pressure.
Current ejector matching applications to automotive fuel cell systems are challenging. The main points are as follows: the fuel cell system for the vehicle needs to obtain higher injection capacity in the whole working area from the idle working condition to the peak working condition; and the ejector is difficult to give consideration to both the low-load working condition and the high-load working condition. Such as: the ejector size matched according to the low-load working condition is usually small in jet flow circulation capacity, and the application under the high-load working condition is limited; the size of the ejector matched according to the high-load working condition has smaller available jet energy under the low-load working condition, and the target ejection ratio is difficult to achieve.
Aiming at the problem that the traditional single ejector scheme is difficult to meet the ejection requirement of a wide working area of an automotive fuel cell system, researchers provide different coping schemes.
The ejector is connected with the hydrogen circulating pump in series-parallel:
the patent with the application number of US2005/0208357A1 provides an architecture of an ejector and a hydrogen circulating pump which are connected in series and in parallel, and the patent with the application number of US8709669B2 provides a detailed control strategy of the ejector and the hydrogen circulating pump which are connected in series and in parallel. The ejector and the hydrogen circulating pump are connected in series and in parallel, the ejector is mainly adopted under the high-load working condition, and the hydrogen circulating pump is mainly adopted under the low-load working condition.
Two or more injection ways are connected in parallel:
the patent with the application number of US6670067 provides a scheme of parallel connection of two ejector paths, and the patent with the application number of US20130216352A1 provides a scheme of parallel connection of two ejectors or a plurality of ejectors and integrated arrangement. According to the existing data, the injectors with different calibers can be adopted by connecting a plurality of injection paths in parallel, and different injection paths are opened according to the working condition requirements of the fuel cell system.
The ejector is connected with the bypass path in parallel:
the patent with the application number of US8828612 provides a scheme that an ejector is connected with a bypass channel in parallel, and the patent with the application number of US9356302B2 provides a scheme that double ejectors respectively control the ejector and the bypass channel. In the scheme, the bypass passage under the low-load working condition of the fuel cell system is not opened, and the bypass passage under the high-load working condition is opened, so that the defect of insufficient flow capacity of the ejector under the high-load working condition is overcome.
Variable cross-section nozzle ejector:
patents with application numbers US6858340, US8507138, US9719529, US9368806, CN111668509A, WO2020178486a1 all propose variable cross-section nozzle designs. The flow area of the ejector nozzle is transiently adjustable according to the requirement of a vehicle fuel cell system.
The defects of the prior art are as follows:
the ejector is connected with the hydrogen circulating pump in series-parallel: the solution is still not completely separated from the hydrogen circulating pump, and the system layout is more complicated than the traditional hydrogen circulating pump solution.
Two or more injection ways are connected in parallel: in the parallel connection of the two paths or the multiple injection paths, the scheme has larger occupied space and complex structural arrangement.
The ejector is connected with the bypass path in parallel: the arrangement of a common ejector and a bypass path in parallel is shown in figure 2, and comprises a hydrogen storage device 1, a pressure reducing valve 2, a first hydrogen jet 3, an ejector 4, a galvanic pile 5, an air inlet 6, an air outlet 7, a gas-liquid separation device 8, a hydrogen discharge valve 9, a check valve 10 and a second hydrogen jet 11;
in order to make up for the insufficient flow capacity of the ejector under the high-load working condition, the bypass passage is opened for air supplement (through the second hydrogen injection 11). This has the disadvantage that the energy contained in the gas flow in the bypass path is completely wasted and this energy can be used for the structural optimization of the ejector.
Variable cross-section nozzle ejector: the section change in the variable section nozzle ejector depends on the movement of a needle valve driven by an electromagnetic valve or a stepping motor, and the structure and the arrangement are complex; moving parts are introduced into the design, the assembly precision requirement is high, and the risk of operational reliability is potentially brought.
Therefore, the existing single ejector scheme is difficult to meet the ejection requirement of the vehicle fuel cell system in a wide working area, and the existing coping schemes (including series-parallel connection of the ejector and the hydrogen circulating pump, parallel connection of two or more ejector paths, parallel connection of the ejector and a bypass path, and a variable-section nozzle ejector) have respective limitations.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model discloses the technical problem that will solve is: the ejector, the fuel cell system and the vehicle have the advantages that the performance requirements of the whole working area of the fuel cell system under the idling working condition and the peak working condition are considered, and the advantages of simple structure implementation mode and good integration of a single ejector are inherited.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model discloses a first technical scheme be:
a novel ejector comprises a drainage inlet, a mixing chamber, a diffusion chamber and an ejection outlet which are communicated in sequence;
the ejector further comprises a first jet flow inlet and a second jet flow inlet, and the first jet flow inlet and the second jet flow inlet are communicated with the mixing chamber.
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model discloses a second kind technical scheme be:
a fuel cell system comprises a hydrogen storage device, a first hydrogen sprayer, a galvanic pile, a gas-liquid separation device and a second hydrogen sprayer; the stack includes a hydrogen inlet manifold and a hydrogen outlet manifold;
the novel ejector is also included;
the first jet inlet is communicated with the hydrogen storage device through a first hydrogen jet, the second jet inlet is communicated with the hydrogen storage device through a second hydrogen jet, and the jet outlet is communicated with a hydrogen inlet manifold;
the hydrogen outlet manifold is communicated with the drainage inlet through a gas-liquid separation device.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the utility model discloses a third kind technical scheme be:
a control method of the fuel cell system comprises
Target injection pressures of the first hydrogen injection and the second hydrogen injection are set according to requirements of the fuel cell system, and the controller controls opening of the first hydrogen injection and/or the second hydrogen injection according to the target injection pressures.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the utility model discloses a fourth technical scheme be:
a vehicle comprises one or more of the novel ejector, the fuel cell system and the control method.
The beneficial effects of the utility model reside in that: the novel ejector with the first jet flow inlet and the second jet flow inlet can respectively control the injection pressure of the first jet flow inlet and the second jet flow inlet through the first hydrogen injection and the second hydrogen injection, so that the requirement of the fuel cell system on the ejection capacity under different working conditions is met; the jet energy of the first jet and the second jet is fully utilized; the opening and closing amplitudes of the first hydrogen jet and the second hydrogen jet are controlled in a matched mode by selecting the flow areas of the first nozzle and the second nozzle, and therefore the degree of freedom of the system is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a fluid domain structure of a prior art eductor;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary prior art fuel cell anode recirculation system configuration with an eductor and bypass in parallel;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a novel ejector (inner hole outer ring type ejector) according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a novel ejector (inner hole outer ring type ejector) and a fluid region according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a novel ejector (inner hole outer ring type ejector) according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a sectional view of a novel ejector (inner hole outer ring type ejector) and a fluid region according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of a fuel cell system (fuel cell anode return system) according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph illustrating an analysis of the effectiveness of various embodiments of the eductor;
description of reference numerals:
1. a hydrogen storage device; 2. a pressure reducing valve; 3. a first hydrogen injection; 4. an ejector; 4a, a jet inlet; 4b, a drainage inlet; 4c, a nozzle; 4d, a mixing chamber; 4e, a pressure expansion chamber; 4f, an ejection outlet; 5. a galvanic pile; 6. an air inlet; 7. an air outlet; 8. a gas-liquid separation device; 9. a hydrogen discharge valve; 10. a check valve; 11. performing second hydrogen spraying; 12. a novel ejector; 12a, a first jet inlet; 12b, a second jet inlet; 12c, a drainage inlet; 12d, an injection outlet; 12e, a first nozzle; 12f, a second nozzle; 12g, a mixing chamber; 12h, a diffusion chamber.
Detailed Description
In order to explain the technical content, the objects and the effects of the present invention in detail, the following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 3 to 8, a novel ejector 12 includes a drainage inlet 12c, a mixing chamber 12g, a diffusion chamber 12h, and an ejection outlet 12d, which are sequentially communicated;
the ejector further comprises a first jet inlet 12a and a second jet inlet 12b, the first jet inlet 12a and the second jet inlet 12b being in communication with the mixing chamber 12 g.
Further, the central axes of the first jet inlet 12a, the mixing chamber 12g and the diffuser chamber 12h are located on the same straight line.
Further, the first jet inlet 12a has a first nozzle 12e, and the second jet inlet 12b has a second nozzle 12 f; the second jet inlet 12b is sleeved outside the first jet inlet 12 a; the second nozzle 12f is annular, and the first nozzle 12e is a circular hole.
Further, the central axis of the first jet inlet 12a and the central axis of the second jet inlet 12b are parallel to each other.
Further, the central axis of the first jet inlet 12a is perpendicular to the central axis of the second jet inlet 12 b.
A fuel cell system comprises a hydrogen storage device 1, a first hydrogen injection 3, a galvanic pile 5, a gas-liquid separation device 8 and a second hydrogen injection 11; the stack 5 comprises a hydrogen inlet manifold and a hydrogen outlet manifold;
the novel ejector 12 is also included;
the first jet flow inlet 12a is communicated with the hydrogen storage device 1 through a first hydrogen jet 3, the second jet flow inlet 12b is communicated with the hydrogen storage device 1 through a second hydrogen jet 11, and the jet outlet 12d is communicated with a hydrogen inlet manifold;
the hydrogen outlet manifold is communicated with the drain inlet 12c through the gas-liquid separation device 8.
Further, a pressure reducing valve 2 is arranged at an outlet of the hydrogen storage device 1, and the first hydrogen spray 3 and the second hydrogen spray 11 are respectively communicated with the pressure reducing valve 2;
a check valve 10 is also arranged between the gas-liquid separation device 8 and the drainage inlet 12 c;
the gas-liquid separation device 8 is also connected with a hydrogen discharge valve 9.
Further, the fuel cell system further includes a controller that controls the first hydrogen injection 3 and the second hydrogen injection 11.
The fuel cell system works as follows: the fresh hydrogen supplied by the hydrogen storage device 1 is subjected to pressure regulation through a pressure reducing valve 2 and flows to a first hydrogen spray 3 and a second hydrogen spray 11 respectively in two paths, and the first hydrogen spray 3 and the second hydrogen spray 11 are subjected to pressure regulation and then are connected with a first jet inlet 12a and a second jet inlet 12b respectively; incoming flows from the first hydrogen jet 3 and the second hydrogen jet 11 respectively enter a first jet inlet 12a and a second jet inlet 12b and respectively flow through a first nozzle 12e corresponding to the first jet inlet 12a and a second nozzle 12f corresponding to the second jet inlet 12b, the jet generated by the first nozzle 12e is a first jet, and the jet generated by the second nozzle 12f is a second jet; a low-pressure area is generated between the outlets of the two airflow nozzles and the mixing chamber 12g, the drainage fluid is driven by pressure difference to flow to the low-pressure area through the drainage inlet 12c and is mixed with the jet flow fluid, the first jet flow, the second jet flow and the drainage fluid are mixed in the mixing chamber 12g and flow through the diffusion chamber 12h, the airflow speed is reduced, the pressure is recovered, and the pressure-recovered mixed airflow enters the galvanic pile 5 through the injection outlet 12d and the hydrogen inlet manifold; the fuel cell anode stack-out hydrogen gas mixture is separated into liquid water by a gas-liquid separation device 8, and the gas part is sucked into a novel ejector 12 by a check valve 10.
A control method of the fuel cell system comprises
The target injection pressures of the first hydrogen injection and the second hydrogen injection are set by the demand of the fuel cell system, respectively, and the controller controls the opening of the first hydrogen injection 3 and/or the second hydrogen injection 11 according to the target injection pressures, respectively.
A vehicle comprises the novel ejector 12, the fuel cell system and one or more of the control methods.
Example one
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, a novel ejector 12 (inner hole outer ring type ejector) comprises a drainage inlet 12c, a mixing chamber 12g, a diffusion chamber 12h and an ejection outlet 12d which are sequentially communicated;
the ejector further comprises a first jet inlet 12a and a second jet inlet 12b, the first jet inlet 12a and the second jet inlet 12b being in communication with the mixing chamber 12 g.
The central axes of the first jet inlet 12a, the mixing chamber 12g and the diffuser chamber 12h are positioned on the same straight line.
The first fluidic inlet 12a has a first nozzle 12e and the second fluidic inlet 12b has a second nozzle 12 f; the second jet inlet 12b is sleeved outside the first jet inlet 12 a; the second nozzle 12f is annular, and the first nozzle 12e is a circular hole.
The central axis of the first jet inlet 12a is perpendicular to the central axis of the second jet inlet 12 b.
According to the analysis of the implementation effects of different ejector schemes, as shown in fig. 8, the performance of the novel ejector 12 of the present application at a low jet flow rate (corresponding to a low load of a fuel cell system) is significantly higher than that of an ejector optimized for a high load condition of the fuel cell system, and the performance at a high jet flow rate (corresponding to a high load of the fuel cell system) is significantly higher than that of an ejector optimized for a low load condition of the fuel cell system; therefore, the suitable working area of the ejector is expanded, and the ejector is used for meeting the ejection capacity requirements of the fuel cell system under different working conditions from idling to peak.
Example two
Referring to fig. 5 and 6, the same parts of a novel ejector 12 as those of the first embodiment are not described again;
the central axes of the first jet inlet 12a, the mixing chamber 12g, the diffusion chamber 12h and the injection outlet 12d are positioned on the same straight line.
The central axis of the first jet inlet 12a and the central axis of the second jet inlet 12b are parallel to each other.
EXAMPLE III
Referring to fig. 7, a fuel cell system (fuel cell anode return system) includes a hydrogen storage device 1, a first hydrogen injection 3, a stack 5, a gas-liquid separation device 8, and a second hydrogen injection 11; the stack 5 comprises a hydrogen inlet manifold and a hydrogen outlet manifold;
the novel ejector 12 is further provided with the novel ejector according to the first embodiment or the second embodiment;
the first jet flow inlet 12a is communicated with the hydrogen storage device 1 through a first hydrogen jet 3, the second jet flow inlet 12b is communicated with the hydrogen storage device 1 through a second hydrogen jet 11, and the jet outlet 12d is communicated with a hydrogen inlet manifold;
the hydrogen outlet manifold is communicated with the drain inlet 12c through the gas-liquid separation device 8.
A pressure reducing valve 2 is arranged at an outlet of the hydrogen storage device 1, and the first hydrogen sprayer 3 and the second hydrogen sprayer 11 are respectively communicated with the pressure reducing valve 2;
a check valve 10 is also arranged between the gas-liquid separation device 8 and the drainage inlet 12 c;
the gas-liquid separation device 8 is also connected with a hydrogen discharge valve 9.
The fuel cell system further includes a controller that controls the first hydrogen injection 3 and the second hydrogen injection 11.
Example four
A control method of the fuel cell system according to the third embodiment, comprising
The target injection pressures of the first hydrogen injection and the second hydrogen injection are set by the demand of the fuel cell system, respectively, and the controller controls the opening of the first hydrogen injection 3 and the second hydrogen injection 11 according to the target injection pressures, respectively.
EXAMPLE five
A vehicle includes one or more of the novel ejector 12 of the first embodiment, the fuel cell system of the third embodiment, and the control method of the fourth embodiment.
The above mentioned is only the embodiment of the present invention, and not the limitation of the patent scope of the present invention, all the equivalent transformations made by the contents of the specification and the drawings, or the direct or indirect application in the related technical field, are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A novel ejector comprises a drainage inlet, a mixing chamber, a diffusion chamber and an ejection outlet which are sequentially communicated;
the ejector is characterized by further comprising a first jet inlet and a second jet inlet, wherein the first jet inlet and the second jet inlet are communicated with the mixing chamber.
2. The novel ejector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the central axes of the first jet inlet, the mixing chamber and the diffuser chamber are located on the same straight line.
3. The novel eductor as claimed in claim 1 wherein said first jet inlet has a first nozzle and said second jet inlet has a second nozzle; the second jet inlet is sleeved outside the first jet inlet; the second nozzle is annular, and the first nozzle is a circular hole.
4. The novel eductor as claimed in claim 1 wherein the central axis of the first jet inlet and the central axis of the second jet inlet are parallel to each other.
5. The novel eductor as claimed in claim 1 wherein the central axis of the first jet inlet is perpendicular to the central axis of the second jet inlet.
6. A fuel cell system comprises a hydrogen storage device, a first hydrogen sprayer, a galvanic pile, a gas-liquid separation device and a second hydrogen sprayer; the stack includes a hydrogen inlet manifold and a hydrogen outlet manifold;
the novel ejector is characterized by further comprising the novel ejector as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5;
the first jet inlet is communicated with the hydrogen storage device through a first hydrogen jet, the second jet inlet is communicated with the hydrogen storage device through a second hydrogen jet, and the jet outlet is communicated with a hydrogen inlet manifold;
the hydrogen outlet manifold is communicated with the drainage inlet through a gas-liquid separation device.
7. The fuel cell system according to claim 6, wherein a pressure reducing valve is provided at an outlet of the hydrogen storage device, and the first hydrogen injection and the second hydrogen injection are respectively communicated with the pressure reducing valve;
a check valve is also arranged between the gas-liquid separation device and the drainage inlet;
and the gas-liquid separation device is also connected with a hydrogen discharge valve.
8. The fuel cell system of claim 6, further comprising a controller that controls the first hydrogen injection and the second hydrogen injection.
9. A vehicle comprising one or more of the novel eductor of any one of claims 1-5 and the fuel cell system of any one of claims 6-8.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202022396250.5U CN213598275U (en) | 2020-10-26 | 2020-10-26 | Novel ejector, fuel cell system and vehicle |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202022396250.5U CN213598275U (en) | 2020-10-26 | 2020-10-26 | Novel ejector, fuel cell system and vehicle |
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| CN213598275U true CN213598275U (en) | 2021-07-02 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114420970A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-04-29 | 宁波赛轲动力科技有限公司 | Integrated ejector, fuel cell hydrogen supply system and control method thereof |
| CN114483669A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2022-05-13 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Novel ejector, fuel cell system, system control method and vehicle |
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2020
- 2020-10-26 CN CN202022396250.5U patent/CN213598275U/en active Active
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114483669A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2022-05-13 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Novel ejector, fuel cell system, system control method and vehicle |
| CN114420970A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-04-29 | 宁波赛轲动力科技有限公司 | Integrated ejector, fuel cell hydrogen supply system and control method thereof |
| CN114420970B (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2023-12-05 | 宁波赛轲动力科技有限公司 | Integrated ejector, fuel cell hydrogen supply system and control method thereof |
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