CN213878164U

CN213878164U - Fuel cell system, fuel cell unit, electric stack, and vehicle

Info

Publication number: CN213878164U
Application number: CN202022396815.XU
Authority: CN
Inventors: 丁铁新; 方川
Original assignee: Beijing Sinohytec Co Ltd
Current assignee: Yihuatong Power Technology Co.,Ltd.
Priority date: 2020-10-26
Filing date: 2020-10-26
Publication date: 2021-08-03
Anticipated expiration: 2030-10-26

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of new energy, in particular to a fuel cell system, a fuel cell unit, an electric pile and a vehicle, wherein the system comprises the electric pile and a gas-liquid separation device, the electric pile comprises a hydrogen outlet manifold, and the gas-liquid separation device is communicated with the hydrogen outlet manifold; the electric pile is also provided with an auxiliary channel and a tail end channel, and the hydrogen outlet manifold is communicated with the auxiliary channel through the tail end channel; the system also comprises an auxiliary pump, and the gas-liquid separation device is communicated with the auxiliary channel through the auxiliary pump; the utility model feeds the gas separated by the gas-liquid separation device through the auxiliary channel by the auxiliary pump and then flows into the hydrogen outlet manifold again through the tail end channel; the flow velocity of the air flow in the fuel cell stack anode outlet manifold can be improved, so that the water discharge capacity of the fuel cell stack anode outlet manifold is enhanced; the flow of the system and the content of liquid water in mixed gas flow at the outlet of the galvanic pile can be adjusted by controlling the rotating speed of the auxiliary pump.

Description

Fuel cell system, fuel cell unit, electric stack, and vehicle

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a new forms of energy technical field, concretely relates to fuel cell system, fuel cell unit, galvanic pile and vehicle.

Background

Water management of pem fuel cell systems is one of the key factors affecting the operation of fuel cell systems. The fuel cell hydrogen side stack mixture mainly contains hydrogen, nitrogen, water and other components. The water in the discharged mixture usually exists in a form of mixing gaseous water and liquid water; the existing form of water is mutually converted between gaseous water and liquid water under the influence of parameters such as temperature, pressure and the like. The liquid water content is sensitive to the flow conditions due to the large difference in density between the gas and liquid phases of water.

Referring to fig. 1, the conventional fuel cell anode side system includes: the hydrogen storage device comprises a hydrogen storage device 1, a pressure reducing valve 2, a safety valve 3, a hydrogen control valve 4, a hydrogen backflow collecting port 5, a galvanic pile 6, a gas-liquid separation device 7, a liquid storage cavity 8, a hydrogen backflow driving device 9, a drain valve 10 and a hydrogen discharge valve 11;

the electric pile 6 is formed by clamping a plurality of fuel cell units 6b by a front end plate 6a and a rear end plate 6d, and a hydrogen inlet manifold 6c and a hydrogen outlet manifold 6e are arranged on the electric pile 6;

the hydrogen storage device 1, the pressure reducing valve 2, the safety valve 3, the hydrogen control valve 4, the hydrogen reflux collecting port 5 and the hydrogen inlet manifold 6c are sequentially connected to realize hydrogen supply (stacking) of the hydrogen storage device 1 to the galvanic pile 6; the hydrogen outlet manifold 6e is connected with the gas-liquid separation device 7 to realize gas-liquid separation of the stack-out hydrogen mixture discharged from the galvanic pile 6, and the separated gas is sent back to the hydrogen reflux collecting port 5 (reflux system) through the hydrogen reflux driving device 9 (hydrogen circulating pump 12 or ejector), is mixed with newly supplied hydrogen, and enters the galvanic pile 6; the hydrogen discharge valve 11 can also directly discharge hydrogen through the gas-liquid separation device 7; the separated liquid is sent into the liquid storage cavity 8 and discharged by controlling the water discharge valve 10.

The hydrogen-containing mixed gas of the existing anode side reflux system flows circularly, which is beneficial to the uniform distribution of the concentration of the anode mixed gas, and meanwhile, the flow of the anode gas is increased due to the reflux, which is beneficial to liquid water generated in the fuel cell unit 6b to be taken out of a single cell flow channel along the flow circulation of the gas.

In the conventional anode-side recirculation system, liquid water generated by the fuel cell unit 6b flows with the hydrogen-containing gas mixture and is carried out of the hydrogen flow channel of the single cell, and then enters an outlet manifold formed by stacking a plurality of fuel cell single-cell outlets. The flow area of the hydrogen mixture of the fuel cell anode outlet manifold is larger than that of the hydrogen flow channel in the single cell, and the flow velocity of the hydrogen mixture is lower. Particularly, in the area close to the tail section of the fuel cell stack 6, the upstream stack mixed gas incoming flow is lacked, the local gas flow velocity is low, and the liquid water carrying capacity is poor.

The fuel cell system may be in various operating postures during the operation of the real vehicle. One of them is that the outlet end of the fuel cell stack 6 is obliquely raised, as shown in fig. 2. In this state, the mixed gas flow is drained against gravity, the water carrying capacity is deteriorated, and water blockage at the tail end of the fuel cell outlet manifold is easy to occur.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model discloses the technical problem that will solve is: the fuel cell system, the fuel cell unit, the fuel cell stack and the vehicle solve the problems of poor drainage capability and inclined water blockage of an anode outlet manifold of the existing fuel cell stack in the prior art, and improve the flow velocity of air flow in the anode outlet manifold so as to enhance the drainage capability of the anode outlet manifold.

In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model discloses a first technical scheme be:

a fuel cell system, in particular to a fuel cell anode outlet manifold backflow system, which comprises an electric pile and a gas-liquid separation device, wherein the electric pile comprises a hydrogen outlet manifold, and the gas-liquid separation device is communicated with the hydrogen outlet manifold;

the electric pile is also provided with an auxiliary channel and a tail end channel, and the hydrogen outlet manifold is communicated with the auxiliary channel through the tail end channel;

the system further comprises an auxiliary pump, and the gas-liquid separation device is communicated with the auxiliary channel through the auxiliary pump.

Preferably, the system also comprises a reactor pipeline, wherein the reactor pipeline comprises a hydrogen storage device, a pressure reducing valve, a safety valve, a hydrogen control valve and a hydrogen backflow collecting port;

the hydrogen storage device, the pressure reducing valve, the safety valve, the hydrogen control valve, the hydrogen backflow collecting port and the hydrogen inlet manifold are sequentially connected to form a stack entering channel.

Preferably, the system further comprises a return pipeline, wherein the return pipeline comprises a liquid storage cavity, a hydrogen return driving device, a drain valve and a hydrogen discharge valve;

the liquid storage cavity, the hydrogen reflux driving device and the hydrogen exhaust valve are respectively communicated with the gas-liquid separation device;

the drain valve is communicated with the liquid storage cavity.

In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model discloses a second kind technical scheme be:

a fuel cell unit comprises a body, wherein a hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen outlet and an auxiliary port are formed in the body.

Preferably, the lowermost extent of the auxiliary port is higher than the lowermost extent of the hydrogen outlet port in the vertical direction.

In order to solve the above technical problem, the utility model discloses a third kind technical scheme be:

a kind of galvanic pile, including front end plate, back end plate, end channel and several above-mentioned fuel cell units; the fuel cell unit is positioned between the front end plate and the rear end plate;

openings corresponding to the hydrogen inlet, the hydrogen outlet and the auxiliary port are formed in the front end plate and the rear end plate;

the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell unit and the openings corresponding to the front end plate and the rear end plate form a hydrogen inlet manifold;

the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell unit and the openings corresponding to the front end plate and the rear end plate form a hydrogen outlet manifold;

the auxiliary port of the fuel cell unit and the openings corresponding to the front end plate and the rear end plate form a hydrogen auxiliary port manifold;

the hydrogen outlet manifold is communicated with the auxiliary port manifold through a tail end channel.

In order to solve the above technical problem, the utility model discloses a fourth technical scheme be:

a vehicle employs one or more of the above fuel cell system, the above control method, the above fuel cell unit, or the above stack.

The beneficial effects of the utility model reside in that: the gas separated by the gas-liquid separation device is fed through the auxiliary channel by the auxiliary pump and then flows into the hydrogen outlet manifold again through the tail end channel; the flow velocity of the air flow in the fuel cell stack anode outlet manifold can be improved, so that the water discharge capacity of the fuel cell stack anode outlet manifold is enhanced; the fuel cell anode outlet manifold backflow system is driven by the auxiliary pump, the flow of the fuel cell anode outlet manifold backflow system can be achieved through the rotating speed of the auxiliary pump, the fuel cell anode outlet manifold backflow system is flexible and adjustable, stack outlet mixed gas with different flow can flow through the gas-liquid separation device, and the liquid water content in the stack outlet mixed gas flow is indirectly adjusted.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a prior art fuel cell anode-side system;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell stack with inclined water shutoff according to the prior art (where g is the direction of gravitational acceleration);

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a fuel cell anode outlet manifold recirculation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a galvanic pile according to an embodiment of the present invention;

description of reference numerals:

1. a hydrogen storage device; 2. a pressure reducing valve; 3. a safety valve; 4. a hydrogen control valve; 5. a hydrogen reflux collection port; 6. a galvanic pile; 6a, a front end plate; 6b, a fuel cell unit; 6b1, hydrogen inlet; 6b2, hydrogen outlet; 6b3, auxiliary port; 6c, a hydrogen inlet manifold; 6d, a rear end plate; 6e, a hydrogen outlet manifold; 6f, an auxiliary channel; 6g, a tail end channel; 7. a gas-liquid separation device; 8. a liquid storage cavity; 9. a hydrogen reflux driving device; 10. a drain valve; 11. a hydrogen discharge valve; 12. a circulation pump; 13. liquid water droplets.

Detailed Description

In order to explain the technical content, the objects and the effects of the present invention in detail, the following description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with the embodiments.

Example one

A fuel cell anode outlet manifold return system comprises a stack inlet pipeline, a return pipeline, a stack 6 and a gas-liquid separation device 7, wherein the stack 6 comprises a hydrogen outlet manifold 6e, and the gas-liquid separation device 7 is communicated with a hydrogen outlet 6b2 manifold;

the electric pile 6 is also provided with an auxiliary channel 6f and a tail end channel 6g, and the hydrogen outlet 6b2 manifold is communicated with the auxiliary channel 6f through the tail end channel 6 g;

the system further includes an auxiliary pump, and the gas-liquid separation device 7 is communicated with the auxiliary passage 6f through the auxiliary pump.

The reactor entering pipeline comprises a hydrogen storage device 1, a pressure reducing valve 2, a safety valve 3, a hydrogen control valve 4 and a hydrogen backflow gathering port 5;

the hydrogen storage device 1, the pressure reducing valve 2, the safety valve 3, the hydrogen control valve 4, the hydrogen backflow collecting port 5 and the hydrogen inlet manifold 6c are sequentially connected to form a stack entering channel.

The system also comprises a return pipeline, wherein the return pipeline comprises a liquid storage cavity 8, a hydrogen return driving device 9, a drain valve 10 and a hydrogen discharge valve 11;

the liquid storage cavity 8, the hydrogen reflux driving device 9 and the hydrogen discharge valve 11 are respectively communicated with the gas-liquid separation device 7;

and the drain valve 10 is communicated with the liquid storage cavity 8.

Example two

A flow control method of an outlet manifold recirculation system of a fuel cell of a first embodiment, comprising:

acquiring whether the flow of the current fuel cell system is larger than a first preset interval or not, and if so, reducing the rotating speed of the auxiliary pump; if not, the rotating speed of the auxiliary pump is increased.

EXAMPLE III

A method for controlling the content of liquid water in mixed gas flow at the outlet of a galvanic pile 6 in the first embodiment;

the control method of the liquid water content of the mixed gas flow at the outlet of the galvanic pile 6 comprises the following steps:

acquiring whether the content of the liquid water of the mixed gas flow at the outlet of the electric pile 6 of the current fuel cell system is larger than a second preset interval or not, and if so, increasing the rotating speed of the auxiliary pump; if not, the rotation speed of the auxiliary pump is reduced.

Example four

A fuel cell unit 6b includes a body having a hydrogen inlet 6b1, a hydrogen outlet 6b2, and an auxiliary port 6b 3.

The lowest of the auxiliary ports 6b3 is higher than the lowest of the hydrogen outlets 6b2 in the vertical direction.

EXAMPLE five

A kind of galvanic pile 6, including front end plate 6a, back end plate 6d, end channel 6g and several said fuel cell unit 6b of embodiment four; the fuel cell unit 6b is located between the front end plate 6a and the rear end plate 6 d;

openings corresponding to the hydrogen inlet 6b1, the hydrogen outlet 6b2 and the auxiliary port 6b3 are formed in the front end plate 6a and the rear end plate 6 d;

the hydrogen inlet 6b1 of the fuel cell unit 6b forms a hydrogen inlet 6b1 manifold with the openings corresponding to the front end plate 6a and the rear end plate 6 d;

the hydrogen outlets 6b2 of the fuel cell unit 6b form a hydrogen outlet 6b2 manifold with the openings corresponding to the front end plate 6a and the rear end plate 6 d;

the auxiliary ports 6b3 of the fuel cell unit 6b form hydrogen auxiliary port 6b3 manifolds corresponding to the openings of the front end plate 6a and the rear end plate 6 d;

the hydrogen outlet 6b2 manifold communicates with the auxiliary port 6b3 manifold via a tail end passage 6 g.

EXAMPLE six

A vehicle employing one or more of the fuel cell system according to embodiment one, the control method according to embodiment two or embodiment three, the fuel cell unit 6b according to embodiment four, or the stack 6 according to embodiment five.

The above mentioned is only the embodiment of the present invention, and not the limitation of the patent scope of the present invention, all the equivalent transformations made by the contents of the specification and the drawings, or the direct or indirect application in the related technical field, are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel cell system includes a stack including a hydrogen outlet manifold and a gas-liquid separation device communicating with the hydrogen outlet manifold;

the hydrogen fuel cell stack is characterized in that an auxiliary channel and a tail end channel are further formed in the cell stack, and the hydrogen outlet manifold is communicated with the auxiliary channel through the tail end channel;

2. The fuel cell system of claim 1, further comprising a stacking line, wherein the stacking line comprises a hydrogen storage device, a pressure reducing valve, a safety valve, a hydrogen control valve, and a hydrogen return collection port;

3. The fuel cell system of claim 2, further comprising a return line, wherein the return line comprises a liquid storage chamber, a hydrogen return driving device, a drain valve and a hydrogen discharge valve;

the drain valve is communicated with the liquid storage cavity.

4. A fuel cell unit is characterized by comprising a body, wherein a hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen outlet and an auxiliary port are formed in the body; the lowermost of the auxiliary ports is higher than the lowermost of the hydrogen outlets in the vertical direction.

5. A stack comprising a front end plate, a back end plate, a tail end channel, and a plurality of fuel cell units of claim 4; the fuel cell unit is positioned between the front end plate and the rear end plate;

6. A vehicle, characterized in that one or more of the fuel cell system of any one of claims 1 to 3, the fuel cell unit of claim 4 or the stack of claim 5 is used.