CN116376083A - 一种用于风力发电机叶片防除冰的多功能复合涂层 - Google Patents
一种用于风力发电机叶片防除冰的多功能复合涂层 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于风力发电机叶片防除冰的多功能复合涂层,通过在涂层表面的制备过程中掺杂光热材料、电热材料,使涂层能够利用太阳能进行加热除冰或太阳能资源不足时采用电辅助加热的方式进行除冰;涂层在制备过程中添加微纳米颗粒构建微纳米粗糙结构,再通过低表面能物质或疏水基团改性实现涂层的超疏水性,抑制涂层表面水滴结冰;用低导热系数材料构建的多孔介质结构作为涂层基底,通过其良好的隔热性能来防止产生的热能由涂层本体向风力发电机叶片传导而造成热损失,实现热量的积聚来改善除冰效果。本复合涂层通过其自身多种功能的耦合作用从而达到对风力发电机叶片的高效防除冰目的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及防除冰技术领域,具体涉及一种用于风力发电机叶片防除冰的多功能复合涂层。
背景技术
高原和寒地区域的风力资源丰富,具有较大的开发利用价值。但这些地区的海拔高、温度低、湿度大,容易造成风电场覆冰问题,这对风力发电机组的安全性和可靠性有严重影响。因此有必要对风力发电机叶片防除冰技术进行研究,形成一套可靠、高效的风力发电机防除冰技术方案,保障我国风电产业的健康发展。
目前,为解决风电场覆冰问题,主要提出了化学防冰技术、热能防冰技术和机械除冰技术。然而,这些传统的除冰方法不仅需要投入大量的财力与人力资源,而且存在着能耗高等缺陷。近年来,人们发现利用荷叶表面非润湿性的特点可达到防止表面结冰的效果,开拓了超疏水防结冰材料表面的新思路。通过构建微纳米粗糙结构,并通过低表面能物质或疏水基团改性实现表面的超疏水性。超疏水材料表面可以抑制结冰,但是在低温高湿等恶劣环境中不能完全防止表面结冰。一旦超疏水材料表面发生结冰现象,由于其粗糙结构还会提升冰的粘附力,致使其很难被清除。目前,风电场通常采用机械除冰方法进行除冰作业,但这将会破坏超疏水材料的微纳米结构,导致其超疏水性能显著下滑。
发明内容
针对上述存在的技术不足,本发明的目的是提供一种用于风力发电机叶片防除冰的多功能复合涂层,该涂层具有超疏水性,能抑制其表面水滴的结冰;光热转换特性,能利用太阳能进行加热除冰;该涂层具有电热转换特性,在太阳能资源不足时,能进行电辅助加热除冰。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明提供一种用于风力发电机叶片防除冰的多功能复合涂层,包括涂层表面和涂层基底,在涂层表面的制备过程中掺杂光热材料与电热材料,保证涂层的光热性能和电热性能,添加微纳米颗粒构建微纳米粗糙结构,再通过低表面能物质或疏水基团改性实现涂层的超疏水性;仅将低导热材料喷涂在风力发电机叶片的迎风区域作为涂层基底,所述风力发电机叶片的材质选用环氧树脂板;
所述风力发电机叶片的制作方法包括以下内容:
步骤1、取得环氧树脂板,分别用去离子水和无水乙醇喷雾冲洗,并自然干燥进行备用;
步骤2、将水性聚氨酯涂料均匀喷涂到环氧树脂板上,并自然干燥;
步骤3、称取所需的多壁碳纳米管,加入3:1的浓度98%浓硫酸和浓度约65%浓硝酸的混合液中,超声分散30-50分钟,再将去离子水稀释到pH=7,干燥得到氧化碳纳米管;
步骤4、称取0.1g氧化碳纳米管、0.1g石墨烯和0.2g碳化硅,加入到20ml无水乙醇中,再加入2mlγ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,磁力搅拌30-50min,得到分散均匀的混合溶液;
步骤5、将混合溶液均匀喷涂在聚氨酯基底上,自然干燥;
步骤6、以DC184型聚二甲基硅氧烷固化剂:PDMS:FEVE型氟碳树脂=10:1:1分散在正己烷中,配制2wt%的PDMS混合溶液,55-65℃恒温水浴搅拌加热1-2h;
步骤7、将混合溶液均匀喷涂在聚氨酯基底上,自然干燥,重复操作本步骤两次;
步骤8、用导电银浆镀两个与边界平行的电极,在预留两个导线焊接点。
优选地,光热材料选用炭黑颗粒、碳纳米管、碳纳米球、碳纳米纤维、石墨烯、聚苯胺和聚吡咯中的一种或多种
优选地,电热材料选用石墨烯、碳化硅、二硅化钼、镍铬合金中的一种或多种
优选地,微米颗粒选用碳纳米管、碳化硅微粒、二氧化硅微粒中的一种或多种。
优选地,低导热材料选用水性聚氨酯涂料、玻璃棉、岩棉中的一种。
优选地,低表面物质选用聚二甲基硅氧烷对微纳米结构进行超疏水修饰。
本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)本发明利用涂层的超疏水性能有效的抑制涂层表面水滴结冰。
(2)本发明提出的涂层具有光热转换特性,能利用太阳能加热除冰,降低了能源损耗。
(3)本发明提出的涂层具有电热转换特性,在太阳能资源不足时,能利用电能进行辅助除冰,实现主动除冰的双效性。
(4)本发明喷涂低导热系数材料到风力发电机叶片上作为基底层,使复合涂层能减少热量损失。
(5)本发明采用喷涂方式,对现有的设备防除冰的可行性很高,并且成本低廉。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种用于风力发电机叶片防除冰的多功能复合涂层的结构示意图。
附图标记说明:
1-复合涂层表面,2-复合涂层基底,3-迎风区域,4-导线焊接点。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1所示,一种用于风力发电机叶片防除冰的多功能复合涂层,
包括复合涂层表面1、复合涂层基底2,多功能涂层具有超疏水性,能抑制结冰。当涂层表面覆冰时,可通过多功能涂层利用太阳能进行光热转换加热除冰。若太阳能不足时,由导线接通电源,电热转换材料将电转换为热进行辅助除冰。通过喷涂低导热材料在风力发电机叶片的迎风区域3上,作为涂层的基底,能有效减少能量损失,实现热量的积聚来进行除冰。
本实施例中,涂层基底选用水性聚氨酯涂料,通过喷涂在风力发电机叶片的迎风区域。涂层的光热转换材料和电热材料分别选用多壁碳纳米管和石墨烯,添加碳化硅微粒来构建微纳米结构,再通过聚二甲基硅氧烷进行超疏水改性。由于风力发电机叶片材料主要是玻璃纤维增加环氧树脂,选用环氧树脂板充当风力发电机叶片材料。
风力发电机叶片的制作方法包括:
步骤1、取一块环氧树脂板,分别用去离子水和无水乙醇喷雾冲洗,并自然干燥进行备用。
步骤2、将水性聚氨酯涂料均匀喷涂到环氧树脂板上,并自然干燥。
步骤3、称取所需的多壁碳纳米管,加入3:1的浓度98%浓硫酸和浓度约65%浓硝酸的混合液中,超声分散30-50分钟,再将去离子水稀释到pH=7,干燥得到氧化碳纳米管;
步骤4、称取0.1g氧化碳纳米管、0.1g石墨烯和0.2g碳化硅,加入到20ml无水乙醇中,再加入2mlγ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,磁力搅拌30-50min,得到分散均匀的混合溶液;
步骤5、将混合溶液均匀喷涂在聚氨酯基底上,自然干燥;
步骤6、以DC184型聚二甲基硅氧烷固化剂:PDMS:FEVE型氟碳树脂=10:1:1分散在正己烷中,配制2wt%的PDMS混合溶液,55-65℃恒温水浴搅拌加热1-2h;
步骤7、将混合溶液均匀喷涂在聚氨酯基底上,自然干燥,重复操作两次。
步骤8、用导电银浆镀两个与边界平行的电极,在预留两个导线焊接点5。
显然,本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样,倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内,则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。
Claims (6)
1.一种用于风力发电机叶片防除冰的多功能复合涂层,其特征在于:包括涂层表面和涂层基底,在涂层表面的制备过程中掺杂光热材料与电热材料,保证涂层的光热性能和电热性能,添加微纳米颗粒构建微纳米粗糙结构,再通过低表面能物质或疏水基团改性实现涂层的超疏水性;仅将低导热材料喷涂在风力发电机叶片的迎风区域作为涂层基底,所述风力发电机叶片的材质选用环氧树脂板;
所述风力发电机叶片的制作方法包括以下内容:
步骤1、取得环氧树脂板,分别用去离子水和无水乙醇喷雾冲洗,并自然干燥进行备用;
步骤2、将水性聚氨酯涂料均匀喷涂到环氧树脂板上,并自然干燥;
步骤3、称取所需的多壁碳纳米管,加入3:1的浓度98%浓硫酸和浓度约65%浓硝酸的混合液中,超声分散30-50分钟,再将去离子水稀释到pH=7,干燥得到氧化碳纳米管;
步骤4、称取0.1g氧化碳纳米管、0.1g石墨烯和0.2g碳化硅,加入到20ml无水乙醇中,再加入2mlγ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,磁力搅拌30-50min,得到分散均匀的混合溶液;
步骤5、将混合溶液均匀喷涂在聚氨酯基底上,自然干燥;
步骤6、以DC184型聚二甲基硅氧烷固化剂:PDMS:FEVE型氟碳树脂=10:1:1分散在正己烷中,配制2wt%的PDMS混合溶液,55-65℃恒温水浴搅拌加热1-2h;
步骤7、将混合溶液均匀喷涂在聚氨酯基底上,自然干燥,重复操作本步骤两次;
步骤8、用导电银浆镀两个与边界平行的电极,在预留两个导线焊接点。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种用于风力发电机叶片防除冰的多功能复合涂层,其特征在于:光热材料选用炭黑颗粒、碳纳米管、碳纳米球、碳纳米纤维、石墨烯、聚苯胺和聚吡咯中的一种或多种。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种用于风力发电机叶片防除冰的多功能复合涂层,其特征在于:电热材料选用石墨烯、碳化硅、二硅化钼、镍铬合金中的一种或多种。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种用于风力发电机叶片防除冰的多功能复合涂层,其特征在于:微米颗粒选用碳纳米管、碳化硅微粒、二氧化硅微粒中的一种或多种。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种用于风力发电机叶片防除冰的多功能复合涂层,其特征在于:低导热材料选用水性聚氨酯涂料、玻璃棉、岩棉中的一种。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种用于风力发电机叶片防除冰的多功能复合涂层,其特征在于:低表面物质选用聚二甲基硅氧烷对微纳米结构进行超疏水修饰。
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