CN116372375A - Material adding equipment and method for deflection arrangement multi-laser stirring molten pool - Google Patents
Material adding equipment and method for deflection arrangement multi-laser stirring molten pool Download PDFInfo
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- CN116372375A CN116372375A CN202310565719.9A CN202310565719A CN116372375A CN 116372375 A CN116372375 A CN 116372375A CN 202310565719 A CN202310565719 A CN 202310565719A CN 116372375 A CN116372375 A CN 116372375A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
- B23K26/342—Build-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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Abstract
The material adding equipment and method for the deflection arrangement of the multi-laser stirring molten pool comprises a wire feeding system, wherein the wire feeding system can transmit metal wires to a laser spot and a focal point of a base material; deflecting a laser mirror arranged at the periphery of the wire feeding gun barrel to adjust a laser path, and delivering a laser beam to a focus at the positions of the metal wire and the base metal; the invention can combine laser heat and resistance heat, improve heat input and heat efficiency, ensure processing precision, reduce temperature difference between the base metal and the metal wire, reduce thermal stress, stir molten pool and improve material performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal wire material additive manufacturing, in particular to a material additive device and a method for thermally preheating, melting metal wires and stirring a molten pool by deflection arrangement multi-laser-guided resistor.
Background
The additive manufacturing technology is an advanced digital manufacturing technology which utilizes the principle of layer-by-layer build-up welding cladding, adopts electric arc, laser, electron beam, plasma and the like as heat sources, and gradually forms metal parts from line-surface-body under the control of a program through continuous addition of metal wires. The technology is applied to the fields of aerospace, ship manufacturing, military industry, energy and in-situ repair and the like.
Laser metal additive manufacturing processes employ a Direct Energy Deposition (DED) process that utilizes a distributed laser light source to focus multiple laser beams onto a work surface where the laser focus intersects a metallic material (wire or powder) to form a metallic layered structure on a base material under computer control.
Existing laser metal additive manufacturing techniques integrate a laser with a multi-axis Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine that uses the laser to focus a beam of light through a Direct Energy Deposition (DED) nozzle onto a metallic material to process a three-dimensional part. Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) software are integrated with the DED process to drive the nozzle to process accurate three-dimensional part rendering. Most of the existing laser metal material adding methods are as follows: the laser beam enters through the center of the nozzle through which the metallic material is introduced via a coaxial or lateral feed mechanism.
Patent number CN201980097374.0, patent name: a multimode laser device for metal fabrication applications, the technique comprising an integrated wire pulling system, a plurality of off-axis laser light sources for delivering a laser beam to a focal point at a working surface, a shielding gas delivery system, and a cooling system, wherein the plurality of off-axis laser light sources comprise a plurality of pluggable laser assemblies comprising internal solid state diode lasers with reflective protectors that detect back reflections by a light sensor and allow rapid transient deactivation of the respective laser assemblies. The integrated wire pulling system having automatic feed pressure control, the integrated wire pulling system being capable of delivering a metal wire through a central axis wire feed conduit and depositing a central deposition nozzle in a housing to a focal point of the wire, powder, and laser; the shielding gas delivery system is capable of delivering shielding gas to the focal points of the wire, powder, and laser.
Patent No. 201880050023.X, patent name: a coaxial laser thermal head, the technique comprising a first contact point connected to a power source; a second contact point connected to the power source, the power source configured to generate an electrical current to flow through the wire electrode between the first contact point and the second contact point to heat the wire electrode; a laser source configured to generate one or more laser beams having a laser power sufficient to at least partially melt the wire electrode; and a coaxial laser head configured to focus the one or more laser beams at one or more focal points on the workpiece to at least partially melt the electrode wire.
Patent number CN201820545818.5, patent name: the technology comprises the steps that a plurality of lasers or a plurality of laser beams output by 1 laser after light splitting are respectively collimated and focused by a plurality of collimating-focusing lens groups which are uniformly distributed on the circumference of a working head, and then converged in front of the working head; the wire fed by the wire feeding mechanism enters the working head along the center line of the working head and extends to the surface of the workpiece or the substrate, a heating power supply, the wire, the workpiece and the substrate form a current loop, resistance heat is generated in the wire when the wire is electrified, a coaxial composite energy field is formed by the wire and a plurality of converged focused lasers, and the wire which is continuously fed is heated, melted and deposited by the composite energy field under the control of a computer, so that deposition forming is carried out. Each collimating lens and one focusing lens in the working head form a parallel lens group with a common central axis, the central axes of the lens groups are uniformly distributed on the same rotary conical surface taking the central line of the wire as the axis, and the shape of a light spot on the surface of a workpiece or a substrate after converging a plurality of focused lasers changes along with the change of an included angle between the rotary conical surface and the central axis of the rotary conical surface.
The technical problems existing in the prior art.
(1) The problem of welding difference between welding beads of the metal wire is difficult to solve by simple resistance hot wire feeding and material addition, so that gaps are generated between the welding beads in the material addition process, welding is avoided, and the material is anisotropic as shown in fig. 15.
(2) Major problems of laser additive: the molten pool generated by laser material increase is stable, so that the method has the advantage of high cladding precision. However, the laser power and the absorption efficiency of the material to the laser generated by a single laser are limited, and if only the laser is used as a single heat source, the power required by the fuse wire can be greatly improved, and the manufacturing cost of the device can be greatly increased. Therefore, other forms of heat input can be used as a composite heat source to improve the heat input efficiency (the other forms of heat input have the characteristic of high heating and electrothermal efficiency), so that the characteristic of high laser precision can be exerted, and the cladding deposition efficiency can be improved. Such as: the electro-optic efficiency of the semiconductor laser is about 50%, the laser efficiency of the steel absorbing 976nm wavelength is 20% -50%, and the thermal efficiency of resistance heating is about 90%, so that the electrode resistance and laser composite heat source hot wire is adopted, the characteristic of high laser precision is brought into play, and the cladding deposition efficiency can be improved.
(3) The multiple laser beams and the metal wires are in the same plane and coaxial, and the technical problem exists.
When the laser beam and the metal wire are in the same plane, under the condition of higher laser power, the reflected laser generated by the irradiation of the laser beam to the base metal can directly melt the metal wire, so that spherical metal molten drops are formed, and the continuity of a cladding track is affected; the metal molten drop can not drop due to the action of tension, and the molten drop has a certain volume to shield the light beam so that the laser beam can not directly irradiate the base metal, and the base metal can not generate a better molten pool; the direct laser heat input of the metal droplets is increased, and as the metal wire is fed, the droplets become larger, thereby causing damage to the gun nozzle of the welding gun, as shown in fig. 16 and 17.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a multi-laser material adding device and a method for thermally preheating and melting metal wires and stirring a molten pool through deflection arrangement of a multi-laser guide resistor, namely, deflection arrangement of a laser mirror, so that the axis of the laser mirror is different from the axis of a wire feeding gun barrel, and the laser mirror guides a laser light path to be incident on a base metal at a certain angle deviating from the axes of the wire feeding gun barrel and the metal wires, thereby avoiding occurrence of spherical metal molten drops. Meanwhile, the stirring of a molten pool is realized through laser light pressure and periodic power change of laser, and the stirring of the molten pool can avoid the anisotropy of a metal structure. Meanwhile, a heating power supply is connected between the metal wire and the base material, a current loop is formed between the metal wire and the base material, and resistance heat is generated; deflection laser guides resistance to heat preheat, melt metal wires and stir a molten pool, thereby refining grains and improving various performances of the additive parts.
An additive apparatus for a deflector-arranged multiple laser stirred tank bath comprising
The wire feeding system is driven by the driving mechanism and can transmit the metal wire to the laser spot and the focal point of the parent metal through the wire feeding gun barrel and the wire feeding conductive nozzle;
deflecting a laser mirror arranged at the periphery of the wire feeding gun barrel, wherein the laser mirror is used for adjusting a laser path and delivering laser beams to focuses at the positions of the metal wire and the base metal, the deflection arrangement is that the axis of the laser mirror is not coplanar with the axis of the wire feeding gun barrel, and the laser light source is a plurality of laser beams divided by one laser beam or is formed by at least two lasers;
c, electrically heating the metal wire, wherein the wire feeding conducting nozzle and the base material are respectively externally connected with a heating power supply, a current loop is formed among the heating power supply, the metal wire and the base material, and when the electric power is on, the metal wire generates resistance heat so as to preheat and assist the laser light source to melt the metal wire;
d a cooling system for cooling the wire feeding gun tube and the laser mirror;
e, a shielding gas system, which is used for conveying shielding gas to the focal points of the metal wire, the laser light spots and the base metal;
and the laser path can be adjusted by b deflecting a laser mirror arranged at the periphery of the wire feeding gun barrel, and c heating the metal wire to assist the laser light source to preheat, melt the metal wire and stir the molten pool for additive manufacturing.
Further, the light spot of the laser light source incident on the base material is in a non-perfect circle shape, the axis of the non-perfect circle light spot is not coplanar with the axis of the wire feeding gun barrel, and the light path of the laser light source deviates from the axis of the wire feeding gun barrel.
Further, the light spot is elliptical, circular, crescent, triangular, rectangular or square.
Further, when the laser light source is formed by at least two lasers, the power of each laser shows periodic variation, the power of each laser increases or decreases in sequence according to the clockwise or anticlockwise deflection arrangement sequence of the laser mirror in different time periods in one period, and when a molten pool is formed on a base material, the laser light pressure generates thrust or drag force on the molten pool along the light pressure component of the light spot plane, so that the molten pool is pushed or dragged to flow, and the molten pool is stirred. When the number of the laser mirrors is not less than two and even, if the number of the laser mirrors is six, the laser mirrors can also be arranged in a staggered clockwise or anticlockwise deflection way, and two adjacent laser mirrors are symmetrical. The staggered clockwise or counter-clockwise deflection arrangement is effective to reduce the problem of thermal damage to the laser mirror at symmetrical positions caused by laser reflection when the laser mirror is an even number.
Further, the power change period of each laser is 1Hz-20000Hz, and the power change range is 0w-6000w.
Further, the number of the laser mirrors is six, the power change period of the laser is 1Hz-1000Hz, and the power change range is 0w-200w.
Furthermore, the laser mirror is internally provided with a laser interface, a collimating lens, a focusing lens and a protecting lens from top to bottom in sequence, or is provided with the laser interface, the focusing lens and the protecting lens from top to bottom in sequence.
Furthermore, the positions of the collimating lens and the focusing lens can be adjusted by the adjusting mechanism, so that the focal length and the focal point of the laser lens can be adjusted.
Further, the laser is one or a combination of a plurality of external fiber coupled solid state diode lasers, external fiber coupled diode pumped solid state lasers, internal fiber coupled solid state diode lasers and internal fiber free solid state diode lasers.
Further, the included angle between the axis of the laser mirror and the axis of the wire feeding gun barrel is 10-80 degrees, and the included angle between the axis of the laser mirror and the base metal is 10-80 degrees.
Further, the included angle between the axis of the laser mirror and the axis of the wire feeding gun barrel is 30 degrees, and the included angle between the axis of the laser mirror and the axis of the base metal is 60 degrees.
Further, the number of the lasers is 2-16, and the number of the laser mirrors is correspondingly equal.
Further, the number of the lasers is 3, 5 or 6.
Further, the wire feeding system comprises a driving wire feeding wheel and a driven wire feeding wheel, wherein the driving wire feeding wheel and the driven wire feeding wheel press the metal wire and continuously transmit the metal wire to a laser spot and a focal point of a base material.
Further, the wire feeding system further comprises a driving wire feeding gear and a driven wire feeding gear, the driving wire feeding gear is driven by a driving motor, the driving wire feeding gear is in transmission connection with the driven wire feeding gear, the driven wire feeding gear is fixedly connected with the driving wire feeding wheel relatively, the driving wire feeding gear and the driven wire feeding gear drive the driving wire feeding wheel and the driven wire feeding wheel, and the driving wire feeding wheel and the driven wire feeding wheel press the metal wire and continuously transmit the metal wire to the focal point of the laser light spot and the base metal.
Further, the wire feeding system further comprises a wire feeding wheel pressing mechanism, wherein the wire feeding wheel pressing mechanism is connected with one of the driving wire feeding wheel or the driven wire feeding wheel through a fixed block, and the two-way pressing of the driving wire feeding wheel and the driven wire feeding wheel is realized through the linkage of the fixed block.
Further, an elastic mechanism is arranged in the wire feeding wheel pressing mechanism and connected with a telescopic mechanism, and the telescopic mechanism can slide left and right.
Further, the elastic mechanism is a spring, the telescopic mechanism is a screw rod and a nut which are in threaded connection, the spring is sleeved on the screw rod, the screw rod and the nut are relatively and fixedly connected, the spring applies force to the nut and the screw rod, forces the nut and the screw rod to slide left and right through the change of the spring force, and further realizes the bidirectional compression of the driving wire feeding wheel and the driven wire feeding wheel through the linkage of a connected fixed block.
Further, the cooling system comprises a laser mirror cooling system and a wire feeding gun barrel cooling system, and the cooling system is water-cooled.
An additive method of an additive device for deflection arrangement of a multi-laser stirring molten pool comprises the following steps: comprises the following steps:
a, electric heating metal wire: starting a heating power supply for connecting the wire feeding contact nozzle and the base material, and forming a current loop among the heating power supply, the metal wire and the base material to generate resistance heat for preheating the metal wire and the base material;
b laser guided resistance hot melt wire: deflecting a laser mirror arranged on a wire feeding gun barrel to adjust a laser light path to be incident to a focus of the metal wire and the base metal, wherein the laser light path is deviated from the metal wire, the axis of a laser spot is not coplanar with the metal wire, and a laser heat guide resistor thermally preheats and melts the metal wire;
c, stirring a molten pool by laser light pressure action and laser periodical change action: the power of each laser device changes periodically, the power of each laser device increases or decreases in sequence according to the clockwise or anticlockwise deflection arrangement sequence of the laser mirror in different time periods in one period, when a molten pool is formed on a base material, the light pressure component of laser light pressure along a light spot plane generates thrust or drag force on the molten pool, and under the action of the periodic change of the laser power, the molten pool is pushed or dragged together with energy flow, so that the molten pool is stirred.
Further, the metal wire can be externally connected with an induction coil for preheating.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that.
(1) Stirring the molten pool, and improving the material organization property: in the invention, the laser path deflection and the power of each laser are periodically changed, and the laser light pressure effect and the energy flow can have certain thrust or drag force on the molten pool when the molten pool is formed on the base material, thereby playing the role of stirring the molten pool, further refining grains and improving the tissue performance of the material.
(2) Avoid spherical droplet, improve droplet quality: the laser mirror is arranged in a deflection way, so that the axis of the laser mirror is different from the axis of the wire feeding gun barrel, and the laser mirror guides a laser light path to be incident on a base metal at a certain angle deviating from the axes of the wire feeding gun barrel and the metal wire, thereby avoiding the occurrence of spherical metal molten drops.
(3) The welding precision is improved, and the thermal stress is reduced: the invention uses laser heat to guide resistance heat method, the laser mirror deflects around the wire feeding gun barrel, the laser light path deviates from the wire, so that the laser can not directly enter the wire, but enter the focus and periphery of the contact between the wire and the base material, on the basis of resistance heat melting wire, the problem of poor side melting effect is effectively solved, and the welding precision is improved.
(4) Improving heat input and heat efficiency: the invention combines laser heat and resistance heat, can preheat the metal wire, improves heat input and heat efficiency, and reduces the temperature difference between the base metal and the metal wire so as to reduce thermal stress.
(5) Prolonging the service life of the laser mirror: because the laser mirror can not achieve absolute light transmission, partial light can be reflected or absorbed, and further, the laser mirror can generate serious heating phenomenon in the long-time working process.
(6) Prolonging the service life of the wire feeding gun barrel: the wire feeding gun barrel cooling system can prevent damage to other components caused by overhigh gun head temperature because the wire feeding gun barrel can be affected by laser reflection, heat conduction, heat radiation, resistance heat and the like of the metal wire.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a front view in cross section of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a side sectional view of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a top view of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the deflection of the laser mirror in the feeder barrel according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the incident light path and the light spot of multiple lasers in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is an enlarged schematic view of the multi-laser incident light path and spot of embodiment 1 of fig. 7 according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the light pressure thrust direction of embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the direction of change of the spot power according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is an enlarged schematic view of the wire feeding system in a front view in section of embodiment 1 of the present invention in fig. 3.
Fig. 12 is a timing chart of laser spot power according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the cladding texture after laser stirring the molten pool in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of heating of a resistance hot-melt wire according to example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram showing anisotropy of a material of a prior art single resistance thermal fuse.
Fig. 16 is a schematic view showing reflection of a laser beam of the related art after being incident on a base material.
Fig. 17 is a schematic illustration of a prior art laser beam in-plane with a wire to melt the wire to form a droplet of metal.
In the figure: 1. the laser lens fixing shell, 101, a laser lens fixing shell water cooling groove, 2, a laser lens water cooling block, 21, a laser lens water cooling block water outlet, 22, a laser lens water cooling block water inlet, 23, a laser lens water cooling block water groove, 3, a laser lens, 31, a laser interface, 32, a collimating lens, 33, a focusing lens, 34, a protective lens, 4, a near-end wire feeding component main body, 5, a wire feeding wheel fixing block, 6, an active wire feeding wheel, 7, a wire feeding wheel pressing mechanism, 8, a nut, 9, a protective gas inlet, 10, a gun head water cooling water inlet, 11, a gun head wire feeding pipe inlet, 12, a gun head water cooling water outlet, 13, a gun head cable port, 14, a driven wire feeding wheel connecting block, 15, a screw, 16, an active wire feeding gear, 17, a driven wire feeding gear, 18, a driven wire feeding wheel, 19, a wire feeding conductive nozzle, 20, a wire feeding gun barrel, 21, a near-end wire feeding motor, 22, a wire feeding component peeping cover, 23, a metal wire, 24, a spring, 25, a base metal wire, 26, a light path and 27 (the light spots are distributed in the directions C1-C in the directions shown in the figures).
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1: the implementation of this embodiment refers to fig. 1-14. The laser light source in this embodiment is formed by six lasers (not shown) and the corresponding six laser mirrors 3 are symmetrically arranged around the circumference of the feeder barrel 20. The six laser mirrors 3 are arranged at the periphery of the feeder barrel 20 in a clockwise deflection. The six lasers are one or a combination of a plurality of external optical fiber coupled solid state diode lasers, external optical fiber coupled diode pumped solid state lasers, internal optical fiber coupled solid state diode lasers and internal fiber-free solid state diode lasers.
Wherein, deflection arranges the material adding equipment of many laser stirring puddles includes:
a wire feeding system driven by a driving mechanism (a proximal wire feeding motor 21 shown in fig. 4) capable of transmitting a wire 23 to a laser spot 27 and a focal point of a base material 25 through a wire feeding gun barrel 20 and a wire feeding contact tip 19;
b deflecting the laser mirrors 3 arranged at the periphery of the wire feeding gun barrel 20, wherein the axes of the six laser mirrors 3 are not coplanar with the axes of the wire feeding gun barrel 20 and the metal wire 23, and the laser mirrors 3 are used for adjusting the laser path and delivering the laser beams to focuses at the metal wire 23 and the base metal 25;
c, heating the metal wire, wherein the wire feeding conducting nozzle 19 and the base material 25 are respectively externally connected with a heating power supply (as shown in fig. 14), a current loop is formed among the heating power supply, the metal wire 23 and the base material 25, and when the current is applied, the metal wire 23 generates resistance heat so as to preheat and assist the laser light source to melt the metal wire 23;
d a cooling system for cooling the feeder tube 20 and the laser mirror 3;
e a shielding gas system for delivering shielding gas to the focal points of the metal wire 23, the laser spot 27 and the base material 25;
and the laser path can be adjusted by b deflecting the laser mirror 3 arranged at the periphery of the wire feeding gun barrel 20, and c the electric heating wire material assists the laser light source to preheat, melt the wire material 23 and stir the molten pool for additive manufacturing.
In this embodiment, the laser interface 31, the collimating lens 32, the focusing lens 33 and the protecting lens 34 are sequentially arranged in the laser mirror 3 from top to bottom, and the axis of the laser mirror 3 is not coplanar with the axis of the metal wire 23. The collimating lens 32 and the focusing lens 33 can be adjusted in position through threads, so that the focal length and the focal point of the laser mirror 3 can be adjusted.
In this embodiment, the light spot 27 of the laser light source incident on the base material 25 is elliptical, and the axis of the elliptical light spot 27 is not coplanar with the axis of the wire 23. The laser path 26 does not directly irradiate the metal wire 23, but deviates from the axis of the metal wire 23, and forms an acute angle with the metal wire 23 and the base metal 25, and in this embodiment, the laser path 26 forms an angle of 30 degrees with the metal wire 23 and 60 degrees with the base metal, so as to form a laser heat-guided resistor for heat preheating and jointly melting the metal wire 23 to manufacture metal parts. As shown in fig. 12, the power of each laser is periodically changed, and the power of each laser is sequentially increased or decreased in the clockwise deflection arrangement order of the laser mirror 3 in different time periods within one period, so that when a molten pool is formed on the base material, the average power of light spots in the moving direction of the metal wire 23 is higher than those in other directions. In this embodiment, the power variation range of each laser is 0w-200w, the power variation period is 1000Hz, the positive defocus amount is 5mm, the light pressure component of the laser light pressure along the plane of the light spot 27 generates thrust or drag force on the molten pool, under the action of the periodic variation of the laser power, the molten pool is pushed or dragged along with the energy flow together, so as to be stirred, in this embodiment, the light pressure thrust direction shown in fig. 9 is clockwise along C1-C6 of the light spot 27, the high-power light spot variation direction shown in fig. 10 is also clockwise along C1-C6 of the light spot 27, the light pressure thrust action and the light spot power variation action jointly cause the clockwise flow of the molten pool, so as to be stirred, and the molten pool is stirred, so as to form cladding lines after the molten pool is stirred by the laser, as shown in fig. 13.
Wire feeding system: comprises a driving wire feeding gear 16 and a driven wire feeding gear 17, wherein the driving wire feeding gear 16 is in transmission connection with the driven wire feeding gear 17, and drives the driving wire feeding wheel 6 and the driven wire feeding wheel 18, the driving wire feeding wheel 6 and the driven wire feeding wheel 18 compress the metal wire 23, and the metal wire 23 is continuously transmitted to the laser spot 27 and the focal point of the base metal 25. The wire feeding system further comprises a wire feeding wheel pressing mechanism 7, wherein the wire feeding wheel pressing mechanism 7 is connected with one of the driving wire feeding wheel 6 or the driven wire feeding wheel 18 through a fixed block, and bidirectional pressing of the driving wire feeding wheel 6 and the driven wire feeding wheel 18 is achieved through pressing force to one of the wire feeding wheels. The wire feeding wheel pressing mechanism 7 is internally provided with an elastic mechanism, in the embodiment, the elastic mechanism is a spring 24, the elastic mechanism is connected with a telescopic mechanism, and the telescopic mechanism comprises a wire feeding wheel pressing nut 8 and a wire feeding wheel pressing screw 15.
Specifically, the method further comprises the following steps: the near-end wire feeding assembly main body 4 is fixedly connected to the upper part of the laser mirror fixing shell 1, the near-end wire feeding motor 21 is fixedly connected with the near-end wire feeding assembly main body 4, an output shaft of the near-end wire feeding motor 21 is connected with the driving wire feeding gear 16, and the driving wire feeding gear 16 is in transmission connection with the driven wire feeding gear 17; the driven wire feeding gear 17 is fixedly connected with the driving wire feeding wheel 6 relatively and is connected with the wire feeding wheel fixing block 5 through a pin shaft, and the wire feeding wheel fixing block 5 is fixedly connected with the near-end wire feeding assembly main body 4; the driven wire feeding wheel 18 is connected with the driven wire feeding wheel connecting block 14 through a pin shaft, and the driven wire feeding wheel connecting block 14 is connected with the wire feeding wheel fixing block 5 through a pin shaft.
Specifically, the wire feeding wheel pressing mechanism 7 is fixedly connected with the proximal wire feeding assembly main body 4, a spring 24 is arranged in the wire feeding wheel pressing mechanism 7, the spring 24 is sleeved on the wire feeding wheel pressing screw 15, and the left side of the spring is contacted with the wire feeding wheel pressing nut 8; the wire feeding wheel pressing nut 8 is in threaded connection with the wire feeding wheel pressing screw 15 and is relatively fixed, and the wire feeding wheel pressing nut and the wire feeding wheel pressing screw 15 can slide left and right together under the action of spring force.
Compression principle of wire feeding wheel compression mechanism 7: the wire feeding wheel pressing nut 8 and the wire feeding wheel pressing screw 15 slide left and right under the action of spring force, drive the driven wire feeding wheel connecting block 14 to further promote the generation of pressing force between the driving wire feeding wheel 6 and the driven wire feeding wheel 18 so as to press the metal wire 23, and the pressing force can be read through the indication on the wire feeding wheel pressing mechanism 7. The pressing force between the driving wire feeding wheel 6 and the driven wire feeding wheel 18 is positively correlated with the spring force.
Laser mirror water cooling system: the laser mirror 3 is connected inside the laser mirror fixed shell 1, the laser mirror cooling system is a laser mirror water cooling block 2, the laser mirror water cooling block 2 is arranged on the periphery of the laser mirror 3, the laser mirror water cooling block 2 comprises a laser mirror water cooling block water outlet 21, a laser mirror water cooling block water inlet 22 and a laser mirror water cooling block water tank 23, the laser mirror water cooling block water tank 23 is arranged inside the laser mirror fixed shell 1, and the laser mirror water cooling block water outlet 21 and the laser mirror water cooling block water inlet 22 are arranged outside the laser mirror fixed shell 1.
Wire feeding gun barrel water cooling system: the near-end wire feeding assembly main body 4 is connected to the upper part of the laser mirror fixing shell 1, and the wire feeding gun barrel cooling system comprises a gun head water cooling water inlet 10 and a gun head water cooling water outlet 12, wherein the gun head water cooling water inlet 10 and the gun head water cooling water outlet 12 are respectively connected with the near-end wire feeding assembly main body 4 and are externally connected with a water cooling water inlet pipe and a water cooling water outlet pipe; the laser mirror fixing shell 1 is internally provided with a laser mirror fixing shell water cooling groove 101, and the laser mirror fixing shell water cooling groove 101 is symmetrically arranged on two sides of the wire feeding gun barrel 20 and can cool the wire feeding gun barrel 20.
Wire preheating system: the wire feeding gun barrel 20 is fixedly connected with the laser mirror fixing shell 1, and the wire feeding conductive nozzle 19 is connected with the wire feeding gun barrel 20 through threads; the wire feed contact tip 19 and the base material 25 are externally connected with a heating power supply, and when energized, the wire 23 and the portion thereof in contact with the base material 25 can be preheated. The wire-feeding contact tip 19 may also be externally connected with an induction coil (not shown) to preheat the extruded wire 23.
Shielding gas system: inert gas shielding gas such as Ar is conveyed to the focal points of the metal wire 23, the laser spot 27 and the base metal 25 through the shielding gas inlet 9 for atmosphere protection in additive manufacturing.
One side of the path through which the wire 23 passes is provided with a wire feeding assembly peeping cover 22, and the running condition of the wire 23 can be checked through the wire feeding assembly peeping cover 22.
The inlet 11 of the gun head wire feeding pipe is connected with the main body 4 of the near-end wire feeding assembly, is externally connected with the wire feeding pipe, and is internally connected with the wire feeding barrel 20.
The gun head cable port 13 is connected with the proximal wire feeding assembly main body 4 and externally connected with a cable.
An additive method of an additive device of a multi-laser stirring molten pool by using deflection arrangement comprises the following steps: comprises the following steps:
a, electric heating metal wire: turning on a heating power supply for connecting the wire feeding contact tip 19 with the base material 25 as shown in fig. 14, the wire feeding system conveys the wire material 23 to the base material 25, and a current loop is formed between the heating power supply, the wire material 23 and the base material 25 to generate resistance heat for preheating the wire material 23 and the base material;
b laser guided resistance hot melt wire: deflecting the laser mirror 3 arranged on the periphery of the wire feeding gun barrel 20 to adjust a laser path 26, making laser incident to the focal points of the metal wire 23 and the base metal 25, deviating the laser path 26 from the metal wire 23, enabling the axis of the laser spot 27 and the metal wire 23 not to be coplanar, and enabling the laser heat guide resistor to heat and jointly melt the metal wire 23 for additive manufacturing;
c, stirring a molten pool by laser light pressure action and laser periodical change action: the power of each laser is periodically changed, the power of each laser is gradually increased or decreased in different time periods in a period according to the clockwise deflection arrangement sequence of the laser mirror 3, when a molten pool is formed on the base metal 25, the light pressure component of the laser light pressure along the plane of the light spot 27 generates thrust or drag force on the molten pool, and simultaneously under the action of the periodic change of the laser power, the molten pool is pushed or dragged together with energy flow, so that the molten pool is stirred.
Example 2: the laser light source is composed of six lasers (not shown in the figure), and the six laser mirrors 3 are symmetrically arranged on the periphery of the wire feeding gun barrel 20 in a ring shape. Wherein the six laser mirrors 3 are arranged at the periphery of the wire feeding barrel 20 in a staggered clockwise or anticlockwise deflection manner, and two adjacent laser mirrors 3 are symmetrically arranged. Wherein the laser power emitted by the three laser mirrors 3 of the clockwise deflection arrangement is greater than the laser power emitted by the three laser mirrors 3 of the counter-clockwise deflection arrangement, thus still creating the effect of a clockwise stirring puddle. When the laser power emitted by the three laser mirrors 3 of the counter-clockwise deflection arrangement is greater than the laser power emitted by the three laser mirrors 3 of the clockwise deflection arrangement, then the effect of a counter-clockwise stirring puddle is created.
Meanwhile, the arrangement method can effectively weaken the negative influence of laser reflection on the laser mirror 3 at the symmetrical position, such as heating of the laser mirror, short service life and the like.
The above-described staggered clockwise or counterclockwise deflection arrangement method can be used when the number of laser mirrors 3 is even-numbered symmetrical arrangement, and when the number of laser mirrors 3 is odd-numbered symmetrical arrangement, there is no problem that the laser mirrors 3 heat up due to laser reflection.
The above-described embodiments are intended to be exemplary, non-limiting to those skilled in the art, and the scope of the invention is not to be limited by the above-described embodiments, nor is any reference sign in the claims to be construed as limiting the scope of the claims concerned.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. The material adding equipment of the multi-laser stirring molten pool is arranged in a deflection way, and is characterized in that: comprises
The wire feeding system is driven by the driving mechanism and can transmit the metal wire to the laser spot and the focal point of the parent metal through the wire feeding gun barrel and the wire feeding conductive nozzle;
deflecting a laser mirror arranged at the periphery of the wire feeding gun barrel, wherein the laser mirror is connected with a laser light source for adjusting a laser light path and delivering laser beams to focuses at the positions of the metal wire and the base metal, the deflection arrangement means that the axis of the laser mirror is not coplanar with the axis of the wire feeding gun barrel, and the laser light source is a plurality of laser beams divided by one laser beam or is formed by at least two lasers;
c, electrically heating the metal wire, wherein the wire feeding conducting nozzle and the base material are respectively externally connected with a heating power supply, a current loop is formed among the heating power supply, the metal wire and the base material, and when the electric power is on, the metal wire generates resistance heat so as to preheat and assist the laser light source to melt the metal wire;
d a cooling system for cooling the wire feeding gun tube and the laser mirror;
e, a shielding gas system, which is used for conveying shielding gas to the focal points of the metal wire, the laser light spots and the base metal;
and the laser path can be adjusted by b deflecting a laser mirror arranged at the periphery of the wire feeding gun barrel, and c heating the metal wire to assist the laser light source to preheat, melt the metal wire and stir the molten pool for additive manufacturing.
2. The deflector-arranged multiple laser stirred tank additive apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the light spot of the laser light source incident on the base material is in a non-perfect circle shape, the axis of the non-perfect circle light spot is not coplanar with the axis of the wire feeding gun barrel, and the laser light path deviates from the axis of the wire feeding gun barrel.
3. The deflector-arranged multiple laser stirred tank additive apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the light spots are elliptical, circular, crescent, triangular, rectangular or square.
4. The deflector-arranged multiple laser stirred tank additive apparatus of claim 2, wherein: when the laser light source is formed by at least two lasers, the power of each laser is periodically changed, the power of each laser is sequentially increased or decreased in different time periods in one period according to the clockwise or anticlockwise deflection arrangement sequence of the laser mirror, and when a molten pool is formed on a base material, the laser light pressure generates thrust or drag force on the molten pool along the light pressure component of the light spot plane, so that the molten pool is pushed or dragged to flow, and the molten pool is stirred.
5. The deflector-arranged multiple laser stirred tank additive apparatus of claim 4, wherein: the laser mirror is internally provided with a laser interface, a collimating lens, a focusing lens and a protecting lens from top to bottom in sequence, or is provided with the laser interface, the focusing lens and the protecting lens from top to bottom in sequence.
6. The deflector-arranged multiple laser stirred tank additive apparatus of claim 5, wherein: the positions of the collimating lens and the focusing lens can be adjusted by an adjusting mechanism, so that the focal length and the focus of the laser lens can be adjusted.
7. The deflector-arranged multiple laser stirred tank additive apparatus of claim 4, wherein: the laser is one or a combination of a plurality of external optical fiber coupling solid-state diode lasers, external optical fiber coupling diode pumping solid-state lasers, internal optical fiber coupling solid-state diode lasers and internal fiber-free solid-state diode lasers.
8. The deflector-arranged multiple laser stirred tank additive apparatus of claim 4, wherein: the included angle between the axis of the laser mirror and the axis of the wire feeding gun barrel is 10-80 degrees, and the included angle between the axis of the laser mirror and the axis of the base metal is 10-80 degrees.
9. The deflector-arranged multiple laser stirred tank additive apparatus of claim 8, wherein: the included angle between the axis of the laser mirror and the axis of the wire feeding gun barrel is 30 degrees, and the included angle between the axis of the laser mirror and the axis of the base metal is 60 degrees.
10. The deflector-arranged multiple laser stirred tank additive apparatus of claim 4, wherein: the number of the lasers is 2-16, and the number of the laser mirrors is correspondingly equal.
11. The deflector-arranged multiple laser stirred tank additive apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the wire feeding system further comprises a wire feeding wheel pressing mechanism, wherein the wire feeding wheel pressing mechanism is connected with one of the driving wire feeding wheel or the driven wire feeding wheel through a fixed block, and bidirectional pressing of the driving wire feeding wheel and the driven wire feeding wheel is achieved through linkage of the fixed block.
12. The deflector-arranged multiple laser stirred tank additive apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the cooling system comprises a laser mirror cooling system and a wire feeding gun barrel cooling system, and the cooling system is water-cooled.
13. An additive method of an additive apparatus employing the deflection arrangement multi-laser stirred tank of any one of claims 1 to 12: the method is characterized in that: comprises the following steps:
a, electric heating metal wire: starting a heating power supply for connecting the wire feeding contact nozzle and the base material, and forming a current loop among the heating power supply, the metal wire and the base material to generate resistance heat for preheating the metal wire and the base material;
b laser guided resistance hot melt wire: deflecting a laser mirror arranged on a wire feeding gun barrel to adjust a laser path, enabling laser to be incident to a focal point of the metal wire and a base metal, enabling the laser path to deviate from the metal wire, enabling the axis of a laser spot to be not coplanar with the metal wire, and enabling a laser heat guide resistor to heat and preheat and melt the metal wire;
c, stirring a molten pool by laser light pressure action and laser periodical change action: the power of each laser device changes periodically, the power of each laser device increases or decreases in sequence according to the clockwise or anticlockwise deflection arrangement sequence of the laser mirror in different time periods in one period, when a molten pool is formed on a base material, the light pressure component of laser light pressure along a light spot plane generates thrust or drag force on the molten pool, and under the action of the periodic change of the laser power, the molten pool is pushed or dragged together with energy flow, so that the molten pool is stirred.
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| CN202310565719.9A CN116372375A (en) | 2023-05-19 | 2023-05-19 | Material adding equipment and method for deflection arrangement multi-laser stirring molten pool |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117245210A (en) * | 2023-11-17 | 2023-12-19 | 苏州融速智造科技有限公司 | Multi-laser mapping synthesis method and system for non-uniform energy distribution |
| CN117840461A (en) * | 2024-03-07 | 2024-04-09 | 苏州融速智造科技有限公司 | Laser additive printing head capable of reflecting laser and printing method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117245210A (en) * | 2023-11-17 | 2023-12-19 | 苏州融速智造科技有限公司 | Multi-laser mapping synthesis method and system for non-uniform energy distribution |
| CN117245210B (en) * | 2023-11-17 | 2024-02-02 | 苏州融速智造科技有限公司 | Multi-laser mapping synthesis method and system for non-uniform energy distribution |
| CN117840461A (en) * | 2024-03-07 | 2024-04-09 | 苏州融速智造科技有限公司 | Laser additive printing head capable of reflecting laser and printing method |
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