CN116371183A - Method for removing odor generated by anaerobic fermentation of compost through biological filter - Google Patents
Method for removing odor generated by anaerobic fermentation of compost through biological filter Download PDFInfo
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Images
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/84—Biological processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/84—Biological processes
- B01D53/85—Biological processes with gas-solid contact
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/95—Specific microorganisms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
- B01D2256/24—Hydrocarbons
- B01D2256/245—Methane
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
- B01D2257/304—Hydrogen sulfide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D2257/406—Ammonia
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/05—Biogas
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for removing odor generated by composting anaerobic fermentation through a biological filter, which comprises the steps of sun-drying and crushing seafood waste rich in chitin, culturing bacillus amyloliquefaciens and chlorella to prepare fermentation liquor by mixing seawater, and introducing the fermentation liquor into seafood waste particles to form the biological filter. When the odor generated by anaerobic fermentation of the compost passes through the biological filter, the odor is adsorbed by the biological film containing microorganisms and becomes nutrient substances for the growth of the microorganisms. The method can treat odor generated by anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste, livestock and poultry manure, straw and the like to obtain purified high-purity methane gas, remove ammonia and hydrogen sulfide harmful to the environment and human body, and does not generate harmful substances such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid and the like, and does not cause secondary pollution. The liquid and the filler used in the biological filter process are sea water and seafood waste respectively, the cost is low, a carbon source, a nitrogen source and other trace elements are not needed to be added, the process control is simple, the growth performance of the strain is stable, and the odor molecule removal efficiency is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental engineering, and particularly relates to a method for removing odor generated by anaerobic fermentation of compost by a biological filter.
Background
The traditional composting is a process of producing useful substances and energy sources such as fertilizer, biogas and the like by fermenting kitchen waste, agricultural and forestry waste straws or livestock and poultry manure by utilizing various microorganisms widely distributed in the nature under a certain artificial condition. Because of the limitation of cost conditions, most of the composting enters a later stage mainly through anaerobic fermentation, and some anaerobic microorganisms metabolize sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing organic matters such as proteins in the composting into molecules with pungent odor such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas, and the odor can damage the central nervous system and the respiratory system of a human body and affect the life health of staff. Therefore, the odor generated by the compost is needed to be purified so as to be safe and useful fuel gas.
The biological filter is a sewage and waste gas treatment device which is widely accepted by society in recent years and is environment-friendly and energy-saving. Commonly used biological filter fillers are classified into non-degradable filter materials and degradable filter materials. Common non-degradable filter materials include glass beads, asbestos, ceramics, volcanic rock, polyurethane, polystyrene, vermiculite, perlite, activated carbon, rubber, charcoal, diatomite and the like, and for example, CN111172149A discloses a biological filter deodorization filler, and CN111729507B discloses a biological deodorization filter, wherein the biological filter filler used in the patent is a conventional porous material and is non-degradable. The degradable filter material comprises agriculture and forestry waste, peanut shells, bagasse, coconut fiber, peat and the like. Compared with the non-degradable filter material, the degradable filter material contains rich microbial population and nutrient substances for growth and metabolism. Although agricultural and forestry waste belongs to renewable resources, the defects of long growth period, occupied cultivated land and the like still exist.
The seafood waste is rich in nutrients such as chitin, protein, nucleic acid and the like, wherein chitin (chitin) is the renewable resource with the most abundant content generated in the ocean, a large amount of derivatives with high added value can be generated through the action of microbial enzymes, wherein deacetylated chitin generated by catalyzing chitin by deacetylase is an excellent natural flocculant, heavy metal ions such as cadmium, chromium, mercury, copper and the like in seawater can be adsorbed, and further a heavy metal sulfide precipitate is formed by a chemical precipitation method to remove hydrogen sulfide molecules in odor. In addition, the filler also contains high-activity chlorella cells, and can absorb a large amount of ammonia nitrogen to synthesize an organic nitrogen source for self-growth. The chitin seawater microorganism composite filter material can greatly improve the odor purification efficiency and improve the purity of methane gas. However, the current use of seafood waste is mainly focused on the high-end medicine, cosmetics and food industries, and other waste materials are used for garbage discharge or composting and feed treatment, and no report for odor treatment is seen.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for removing odor generated by anaerobic fermentation of compost by using a biological filter, which utilizes various biological enzymes synthesized by bacillus amyloliquefaciens to degrade seafood waste to generate various nutrient substances and bioactive substances, enhances the adsorption capacity to seawater heavy metal ions, further improves the removal efficiency of hydrogen sulfide molecules in the odor, enhances the stress resistance of microorganisms to seawater hypertonic environment and promotes cell growth. The high-activity chlorella cells contained in the filter material can convert inorganic ammonia nitrogen in odor into a necessary organic nitrogen source. The cost of the filter material is further reduced, the odor molecule removal efficiency is obviously improved, and NH 3 、H 2 The removal rate of malodorous components such as S can reach more than 95 percent.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for removing odor generated by anaerobic fermentation of compost by a biological filter, comprising the following steps:
step 1) collecting seafood waste in coastal areas, sun-drying and crushing solid residues obtained by squeezing the seafood waste, granulating, and filling into a stuffing box;
step 2) culturing bacillus amyloliquefaciens and chlorella seeds by adopting a seed culture medium;
step 3) mixing the bacillus amyloliquefaciens obtained in the step 2) with chlorella according to the volume ratio of 1:2, and adding the seed culture solution into sea water to obtain a sea water fermentation solution;
step 4) uniformly mixing the seawater fermentation liquor obtained in the step 3) with the seafood waste particles obtained in the step 1) in a stuffing box according to the mass ratio of 13:7, and culturing to form a biological filter; and introducing odor generated by anaerobic fermentation into a biological filter, so that odor molecules can be converted into harmless substances and high-purity methane gas can be obtained.
Preferably, the seafood waste in the coastal region in the step 1) comprises tiny seafood separated by marine fishing and kitchen waste rich in chitin components generated by catering of coastal residents.
Preferably, the culturing temperature of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the step 2) is 26 ℃, the rotating speed of a shaking table is 180r/min, and the culturing time is 36 hours.
Preferably, the culture temperature of the chlorella in the step 2) is 25 ℃, and the culture time is 5d.
Preferably, the optimal reaction temperature of the biological filter in the step 4) is 28 ℃, the pH=7.0-8.0 is controlled, and the illumination time is 8 hours per day.
Preferably, the water content of the biological filter in the step 4) is 65%.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention forms the biological filter by adding the seafood waste and beneficial microorganisms into the seawater, so that microbial cells grow rapidly and form a film quickly, and the odor purification efficiency is remarkably improved. The method can treat odor generated by anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste, livestock and poultry manure, straw and the like to obtain purified high-purity methane gas, remove ammonia and hydrogen sulfide harmful to the environment and human bodies, does not generate harmful substances such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid and the like, and does not cause secondary pollution. The liquid and the filler used in the biological filter process are sea water and seafood waste respectively, the filter material has the advantages of easily available components, low cost, no need of adding carbon source, nitrogen source and other microelements, simple process control and stable growth performance of the strain, and meanwhile, the microorganism further enhances the adsorption conversion efficiency of odor molecules on the chitin derivative of the biological degradation product of the filter material, and improves the stress resistance of cells to high salt and heavy metal ions and the stability of the biological membrane. Detected NH 3 、H 2 The removal rate of malodorous components such as S can be stabilized to be 95 percent to the upper part99％。
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for removing malodor generated by anaerobic fermentation of compost by a biofilter;
in the figure: 1. a chitin seawater filter material; 2. and (3) a biological filter.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments.
The bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) and the chlorella (Chlorella vulgaris) used in the invention are all general strains and cells purchased in the laboratory. Wherein the preservation number of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain is CGMCC No.1.7463.
Example 1
A method for removing odor generated by anaerobic fermentation of compost by a biological filter, as shown in figure 1, comprises the following specific steps:
(1) The seafood waste in coastal areas is collected and mainly comprises tiny seafood which is separated by marine fishing and kitchen waste which is rich in chitin components and is produced by coastal resident catering, namely a chitin seawater filter material 1, wherein the seafood waste is rich in protein, chitin and various microelements and is rich in nutrition. Drying and pulverizing the solid residues obtained by squeezing the seafood waste, granulating, and packaging into a stuffing box.
(2) Culturing bacillus amyloliquefaciens and chlorella seeds by adopting a seed culture medium, wherein the culturing temperature of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 26 ℃, the rotating speed of a shaking table is 180r/min, and the culturing time is 36 hours; the culture temperature of the chlorella is 25 ℃, and the culture time is 5 days.
(3) Seed culture solutions of bacillus amyloliquefaciens and chlorella (volume ratio=1:2) were added to seawater as seawater fermentation solutions.
(4) The seawater fermentation liquor and seafood waste particles (mass ratio=13:7) are uniformly mixed in a stuffing box to prepare a chitin seawater filter material 1, and the chitin seawater filter material is cultured stably to form a biological filter 2 with water content of 65%. Introducing odor generated by anaerobic fermentation into the biological filter 2, controlling the optimal reaction temperature to be 28 ℃, controlling the pH value to be 7.0-8.0, and illuminating for 8 hours each day, so that odor molecules can be biologically converted into harmless substances and high-purity methane gas.
NH in odor is detected 3 、H 2 The removal rate of malodorous components such as S and the like can be stabilized at 95-99 percent.
Comparative example 1
A biological filter deodorization method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) The filler used in the biological filter is formed by uniformly mixing porous materials such as straw, zeolite, ceramic particles and the like, and the water content is 55%.
(2) The malodorous gas is discharged from the gas collecting system, is led into the induced draft fan through the induced draft pipe, is conveyed into the pretreatment system through the induced draft fan, and enters the biological filter deodorization device for biological deodorization after temperature adjustment, dust removal and humidification.
(3) The pollutant in malodorous gas contacts with natural microorganism, and is captured by microorganism, degraded and oxidized to decompose pollutant into harmless CO 2 And H 2 O, and inorganic substances such as sulfuric acid and nitric acid.
(4) Sulfuric acid, nitric acid, etc. are further decomposed into harmless substances by thiobacillus and nitrate. NH (NH) 3 、H 2 The removal rate of malodorous components such as S and the like is 90-95 percent.
Analysis of results:
as can be seen from the comparison of the example 1 and the comparative example 1, the water content of the filter material used in the example 1 reaches 65%, so that odor molecules can be better dissolved, the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency is enhanced, and the deodorizing efficiency is improved. However, the filter material with higher water content can cause the filter to be anoxic and anaerobic fermentation to influence the growth of beneficial microorganisms, and the filler with higher water content can be adopted in the embodiment 1 because of CO generated by metabolism 2 Can be absorbed and utilized by Chlorella through photosynthesis to release O 2 . The microorganism used in the embodiment 1 is an excellent composite strain for artificial breeding, the odor purification treatment process is simple, the reaction time is greatly shortened, and the two-stage reaction in the comparative example 1 is not needed, so that the odor treatment efficiency is improved, the effect is better, harmful substances such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid and the like are not generated, and secondary pollution is not caused. Wherein the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is capable of synergistic action by chitinase systemProduction of chitin derivatives from chitin stuffing to eliminate H after adsorbing heavy metal ion in sea water 2 S gas molecules reduce the damage of high-concentration salt ions to cells, can well protect microbial cells in a seawater environment, enhance the activity of chlorella, and greatly absorb ammonia nitrogen in odor to be converted into an organic nitrogen source for microbial growth. Chlorella synthesizes sugar substances and releases O through photosynthesis 2 The bacillus amyloliquefaciens is stimulated to grow, and the two bacteria have good synergistic effect. In addition, the seafood waste rich in chitin is adopted in the embodiment 1, so that the cost is reduced, nutrients for microorganism growth are not required to be added, a better living environment is provided for microorganisms, and the biological film is more stable.
In the microorganism growth process, the polysaccharide substances synthesized and secreted can play a role in adsorbing heavy metal ions and flocculating, and meanwhile, the biological filter process is optimized by adding a few cheap and easily available renewable chitin biomasses, so that H is further enhanced 2 S molecule removal efficiency. The bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain used in the invention contains chitin deacetylase, can deacetylate chitin to generate chitosan, and utilizes heavy metal ions and H adsorbed by the chitin deacetylase 2 S molecules are subjected to chemical reaction to form sulfide precipitate, and meanwhile heavy metals are removed to purify seawater. The chitin derivative is produced through the synergistic effect of a plurality of enzymes, so that microbial cells in the seawater environment can be well protected, the damage of high-concentration salt ions to the cells is reduced, and the activity is enhanced. The chlorella cells convert inorganic ammonia nitrogen in odor into organic nitrogen, promote the growth of microorganisms, convert carbon dioxide generated by metabolism into oxygen through photosynthesis, and solve the problems that anaerobic areas are easy to generate in a filter tank, the pressure drop and the mass transfer resistance are increased when the water content of a filter material is too high.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; while the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that variations may be made in the techniques described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for removing odor generated by anaerobic fermentation of compost by a biological filter, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1) collecting seafood waste in coastal areas, sun-drying and crushing solid residues obtained by squeezing the seafood waste, granulating, and filling into a stuffing box;
step 2) culturing bacillus amyloliquefaciens and chlorella seeds by adopting a seed culture medium;
step 3) mixing the bacillus amyloliquefaciens obtained in the step 2) with chlorella according to the volume ratio of 1:2, and adding the seed culture solution into sea water to obtain a sea water fermentation solution;
step 4) uniformly mixing the seawater fermentation liquor obtained in the step 3) with the seafood waste particles obtained in the step 1) in a stuffing box according to the mass ratio of 13:7, and culturing to form a biological filter; and introducing odor generated by anaerobic fermentation into a biological filter, so that odor molecules can be converted into harmless substances and high-purity methane gas can be obtained.
2. The method for removing odor generated by anaerobic composting fermentation with a biofilter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seafood waste in the coastal area in step 1) comprises small seafood separated by ocean fishing and kitchen waste rich in chitin components generated by catering of coastal residents.
3. The method for removing odor generated by anaerobic composting fermentation with a biological filter according to claim 1, wherein the culturing temperature of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the step 2) is 26 ℃, and the rotating speed of a shaking table is 180r/min, and the culturing time is 36h.
4. The method for removing odor generated by anaerobic composting fermentation with a biofilter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation temperature of the chlorella in the step 2) is 25 ℃, and the cultivation time is 5d.
5. The method for removing odor generated by anaerobic composting fermentation with a biofilter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optimal reaction temperature of the biofilter in the step 4) is 28 ℃, the pH=7.0-8.0 is controlled, and the illumination time is 8 hours per day.
6. The method for removing odor generated by anaerobic composting fermentation with a biofilter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water content of the biofilter in step 4) is 65%.
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| CN117326702B (en) * | 2023-11-13 | 2024-03-26 | 江苏金山新材料科技有限公司 | Citric acid composition biomass carbon source and preparation method thereof |
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