CN116369439A - 一种用于生产抗氧化羊肉的肉羊饲料 - Google Patents
一种用于生产抗氧化羊肉的肉羊饲料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于生产抗氧化羊肉的肉羊饲料,属于饲料技术领域。所述用于生产抗氧化羊肉的肉羊饲料的组分包括:苜蓿干草、燕麦和发酵茶渣。本发明通过选用苜蓿干草为主要粗饲料,配合燕麦提升肉羊饲料的适口性,再辅以发酵茶渣,发酵茶渣中含有的茶多酚可协同苜蓿干草中的黄酮类化合物,有效提高羊肉的抗氧化性能,另外,发酵茶渣中的茶皂素同样具备清除自由基,缓解氧化应激的作用,还能够抑制有害菌群,提升肉羊的消化功能。本发明提供的肉羊饲料能够同时提升羊肉的产量及品质,对于肉羊养殖具有重要意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及饲料技术领域,特别涉及一种用于生产抗氧化羊肉的肉羊饲料。
背景技术
在2020年至2050年期间,全球对红肉、家禽、牛奶和鸡蛋的平均蛋白质需求将增加14%,总量将增加38%,羊肉是世界重要的红肉消费组成之一。影响肉羊生产效率的最重要因素包括宿主遗传(品种)、性别、生长阶段或年龄、饮食因素、环境因素、饲养方法等。与单胃动物相比,反刍动物如牛、绵羊和山羊可以更好地利用纤维。饲粮中添加适量纤维可刺激绵羊咀嚼和反刍,促进唾液分泌,增强瘤胃发酵功能,提升畜产品品质。但如果饲粮中粗纤维含量过高,会影响饲粮的适口性,降低绵羊的干物质采食量。因此,如何选择优质粗饲料的策略是提高肉羊生产效率满足红肉需要的重要途径。
饲喂优质粗饲料有利于维持瘤胃稳态、减少瘤胃酸中毒以及真胃移位等代谢性疾病的发生。目前,紫花苜蓿、燕麦草以及黑麦草等优质牧草是畜牧生产中优质蛋白的主要来源,并可向动物提供多种维生素和矿物质等微量元素。紫花苜蓿作为抗逆性较强的优质牧草,具有促进反刍动物消化吸收以及维持机体健康等多种特点,是世界上最受欢迎的粗饲料之一。与此同时,由于燕麦草中性洗涤纤维和木质素的含量低于苜蓿等粗饲料,使其具有良好的适口性,有助于提高反刍动物的消化吸收和饲料利用效率,逐渐成为畜牧生产中重要的粗饲料来源。
一些报道证实了放牧型肉牛的优势在于生产出含有更多omega-3脂肪酸的瘦肉,同时直接影响肌肉中抗氧化和促氧化成分的平衡(Descalzo&Sancho,2008;Luciano等人,2011;Ponnampalam,Butler,McDonagh,Jacobs,&Hopkins,2012),膳食治疗可能与精料饲粮相比,以牧草为基础的广泛饲养系统通常促进瘦肉中自然抗氧化剂的沉积。这导致了牧场饲养的牛肉比浓缩饲养的牛肉具有更好的氧化稳定性(Luciano等人,2012;Ponnampalam等人,2012;Wood等人,2008年)。因此,饲喂日粮牧草组合丰富的粗饲料的家畜有潜力提高家畜的肉品质。
目前普遍认为的是,在肉羊饲料中添加苜蓿干草,能够提升羊肉的抗氧化性能,且苜蓿干草添加量越多,所得羊肉的抗氧化性能越好,但过多添加苜蓿干草会影响肉羊的生长性能,降低产值。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于生产抗氧化羊肉的肉羊饲料,通过选用苜蓿干草为主要粗饲料,配合燕麦提升肉羊饲料的适口性,再辅以发酵茶渣,发酵茶渣中含有的茶多酚可协同苜蓿干草中的黄酮类化合物,有效提高羊肉的抗氧化性能,另外,发酵茶渣中的茶皂素同样具备清除自由基,缓解氧化应激的作用,还能够抑制有害菌群,提升肉羊的消化功能。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下技术方案:
本发明技术方案之一:提供一种用于生产抗氧化羊肉的肉羊饲料,组分包括:苜蓿干草、燕麦和发酵茶渣。
优选地,所述苜蓿干草、燕麦和发酵茶渣的质量比为6:3:1。
优选地,制备发酵茶渣时所用的菌种为乳酸菌、产朊假丝酵母和黑曲霉。
本发明通过选用乳酸菌、产朊假丝酵母和黑曲霉组合发酵茶渣,目的是使发酵后的茶渣粗蛋白含量提高,影响适口性和肉羊生长性能的单宁含量降低,使得发酵后的茶渣加入后不影响肉羊的采食量,同时提供更全面的营养。
优选地,所述发酵茶渣的具体制备步骤包括:将茶渣、水和碳源混合,灭菌,接种乳酸菌、产朊假丝酵母和黑曲霉,发酵,发酵完成后过滤,烘干,即制得发酵茶渣。
优选地,所述碳源为葡萄糖;所述茶渣、水和碳源的质量比为(70~75):(24~28):(1~2)。
优选地,所述发酵的温度为30~35℃,时间为5~7d。
优选地,所述乳酸菌的接种量为所述茶渣质量的1~2%;所述产朊假丝酵母的接种量为所述茶渣质量的1~2%;所述黑曲霉的接种量为所述茶渣质量的1~2%;所述乳酸菌、产朊假丝酵母和黑曲霉的质量比为1:1:1。
优选地,所述烘干的温度不高于60℃。
本发明的有益技术效果如下:
本发明通过选用苜蓿干草为主要粗饲料,配合燕麦提升肉羊饲料的适口性,再辅以发酵茶渣,发酵茶渣中含有的茶多酚可协同苜蓿干草中的黄酮类化合物,有效提高羊肉的抗氧化性能,另外,发酵茶渣中的茶皂素同样具备清除自由基,缓解氧化应激的作用,还能够抑制有害菌群,提升肉羊的消化功能。
本发明通过苜蓿干草、燕麦和发酵茶渣的有机结合,所得肉羊饲料不仅能够有效提高羊肉的抗氧化能力,还能缓解苜蓿干草所带来的生长抑制作用,提高饲料的转化率。
本发明提供的肉羊饲料能够同时提升羊肉的产量及品质,对于肉羊养殖具有重要意义。
具体实施方式
现详细说明本发明的多种示例性实施方式,该详细说明不应认为是对本发明的限制,而应理解为是对本发明的某些方面、特性和实施方案的更详细的描述。应理解本发明中所述的术语仅仅是为描述特别的实施方式,并非用于限制本发明。
另外,对于本发明中的数值范围,应理解为还具体公开了该范围的上限和下限之间的每个中间值。在任何陈述值或陈述范围内的中间值,以及任何其他陈述值或在所述范围内的中间值之间的每个较小的范围也包括在本发明内。这些较小范围的上限和下限可独立地包括或排除在范围内。
除非另有说明,否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有本发明所述领域的常规技术人员通常理解的相同含义。虽然本发明仅描述了优选的方法和材料,但是在本发明的实施或测试中也可以使用与本文所述相似或等同的任何方法和材料。
关于本文中所使用的“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”等等,均为开放性的用语,即意指包含但不限于。
实施例1
用于生产抗氧化羊肉的肉羊饲料的制备:
(1)发酵茶渣的制备:
将茶渣、水和葡萄糖按质量比75:24:1混合均匀,湿热灭菌,转移至发酵罐中,然后接种茶渣质量1%的乳酸菌、茶渣质量1%产朊假丝酵母和茶渣质量1%的黑曲霉,在35℃下发酵7d,发酵完成后过滤,固体物质60℃烘干,即得发酵茶渣;
(2)肉羊饲料的制备:
将苜蓿干草、燕麦和步骤(1)所得发酵茶渣按照质量比6:3:1混合,即制得用于生产抗氧化羊肉的肉羊饲料。
试验设计:
选取40只6月龄平均体重(22.03±0.50kg)的健康无病的阿尔巴斯公山羊作为试验对象,按照体重相近的原则分为5组,每组8只;分别饲喂实施例1制备的用于生产抗氧化羊肉的肉羊饲料,全燕麦饲料,燕麦、苜蓿质量比7:3混合饲料(记为OA73),燕麦、苜蓿质量比3:7混合饲料(记为OA37),全苜蓿饲料,各组饲料的营养水平见表1,经14天适应期后,开始为期56天的饲养试验。
表1各组饲料的营养水平
营养水平 | 全燕麦 | OA73 | OA37 | 全苜蓿 | 实施例1 |
干物质含量% | 92.07 | 92.05 | 92.03 | 92.01 | 92.63 |
粗蛋白% | 11.93 | 11.97 | 12.02 | 12.06 | 13.86 |
脂肪% | 1.28 | 1.26 | 1.23 | 1.20 | 1.13 |
中性洗涤纤维(NDF)% | 56.47 | 56.48 | 56.50 | 56.50 | 55.25 |
酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)% | 33.19 | 35.30 | 38.12 | 40.23 | 38.72 |
代谢能(MJ/kg)a | 16.49 | 16.65 | 16.87 | 17.03 | 16.42 |
粗灰分% | 9.71 | 8.57 | 7.05 | 5.92 | 5.36 |
于试验期的0天和第56天晨饲前对各组试验山羊进行称重,用于计算试验山羊的平均日增重,同时每日记录每组试验山羊的喂料量和剩料量,用于计算总采食量和饲料效率,所记录的数据及计算结果见表2。
平均日增重(g)=(试验山羊末重-试验山羊初重)/试验天数
总采食量(kg)=试验期总喂料量-试验期总剩料量
饲料效率(%)=(试验山羊末重-试验山羊初重)/总采食量*100%
表2各组山羊的增重及饲料效率
项目 | 全燕麦 | OA73 | OA37 | 全苜蓿 | 实施例1 | P-value |
始重kg | 21.80 | 22.26 | 21.88 | 22.40 | 22.16 | 0.909 |
末重kg | 26.16 | 26.68 | 26.30 | 25.98 | 26.88 | 0.000 |
增重kg | 4.36 | 4.41 | 4.43 | 3.58 | 4.72 | 0.026 |
日增重g | 77.90 | 78.80 | 79.02 | 63.84 | 84.30 | 0.026 |
总采食量kg | 56.56 | 53.20 | 57.68 | 61.04 | 58.82 | 0.336 |
饲料效率% | 7.71 | 8.29 | 7.68 | 5.87 | 8.02 | 0.033 |
从表2中能够看出,与其他组相比,全苜蓿组的日增重及饲料效率均最低,表明全苜蓿饲喂会影响山羊的生长性能。实施例1组(燕麦:苜蓿:发酵茶渣=3:6:1)与OA37组(燕麦:苜蓿=3:7)相比,日增重及饲料效率均有明显提高,表明发酵茶渣替代一部分苜蓿时,能够有效提高山羊的生长性能及饲料转化效率。
计算各组山羊屠宰后的屠宰率(胴体重/末重),测定所得羊肉的pH值,滴水损失及抗氧化能力,测定项目及测定结果见表3。
表3各组山羊的屠宰率及羊肉抗氧化能力
备注:同一行肩标不同表示差异显著(p<0.05)。
从表3中能够看出,高苜蓿组的羊肉抗氧化能力明显强于低苜蓿组,丙二醛含量也相对较低,表明苜蓿饲料能够提升羊肉的抗氧化能力。同时,实施例1组(燕麦:苜蓿:发酵茶渣=3:6:1)与OA37组(燕麦:苜蓿=3:7)相比,羊肉的总抗氧化能力更强,丙二醛含量更低,表明发酵茶渣可协同苜蓿进一步提升羊肉的抗氧化能力,原因可能是发酵茶渣中的抗氧化成分可与苜蓿中的抗氧化成分具备协同效果,二者复配后可使羊肉的抗氧化能力进一步提升。
以上所述的实施例仅是对本发明的优选方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案做出的各种变形和改进,均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于生产抗氧化羊肉的肉羊饲料,其特征在于,组分包括:苜蓿干草、燕麦和发酵茶渣。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于生产抗氧化羊肉的肉羊饲料,其特征在于,所述苜蓿干草、燕麦和发酵茶渣的质量比为6:3:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于生产抗氧化羊肉的肉羊饲料,其特征在于,制备发酵茶渣时所用的菌种为乳酸菌、产朊假丝酵母和黑曲霉。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用于生产抗氧化羊肉的肉羊饲料,其特征在于,所述发酵茶渣的具体制备步骤包括:将茶渣、水和碳源混合,灭菌,接种乳酸菌、产朊假丝酵母和黑曲霉,发酵,发酵完成后过滤,烘干,即制得发酵茶渣。
5.根据权利要求4所述的用于生产抗氧化羊肉的肉羊饲料,其特征在于,所述碳源为葡萄糖;所述茶渣、水和碳源的质量比为(70~75):(24~28):(1~2)。
6.根据权利要求4所述的用于生产抗氧化羊肉的肉羊饲料,其特征在于,所述发酵的温度为30~35℃,时间为5~7d。
7.根据权利要求4所述的用于生产抗氧化羊肉的肉羊饲料,其特征在于,所述乳酸菌的接种量为所述茶渣质量的1~2%;所述产朊假丝酵母的接种量为所述茶渣质量的1~2%;所述黑曲霉的接种量为所述茶渣质量的1~2%;所述乳酸菌、产朊假丝酵母和黑曲霉的质量比为1:1:1。
8.根据权利要求4所述的用于生产抗氧化羊肉的肉羊饲料,其特征在于,所述烘干的温度不高于60℃。
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