CN116356579A - 一种隔热喷胶棉及其加工方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及喷胶棉技术领域，尤其涉及IPC B32B27领域，更具体的，涉及一种隔热喷胶棉及其加工方法。包括纤维和保温聚合物，所述保温聚合物，按重量百分比计，组分包括：球形空心粉体5％‑30％，化学发泡剂0.1％‑4％，主体聚合物30‑65％，水补充余量。通过设置保温聚合物，纤维和保温聚合物重量比为(60‑95)：(5‑40)，可均衡喷胶棉的结构稳定性以及隔热效果；添加适量的3‑80μm球形空心粉体，可进一步提高隔热效果，添加10wt％保温聚合物，隔热效果可提升37％。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及喷胶棉技术领域，尤其涉及IPC B32B27领域，更具体的，涉及一种隔热喷胶棉及其加工方法。
背景技术
喷浆絮棉又称喷胶棉，是一种非织造布料，因为其立体的三维网格状结构中包含有许多空隙，故而其具有多孔性、高蓬松性、高压缩回弹性等特质，同时其亦耐干、易洗涤且轻质化。这些优良的性能指标使得喷浆絮棉在近几年的需求呈现井喷爆发，不但成为了工业用品的重要原材料之一，更成为了民用品的主要原材料之一，但喷胶棉的隔热效果仍然远低于羽绒类填充物，导致其在一些高端领域应用较少，为解决这一问题，研究人员采用提升纤维的孔隙率、降低纤维直径、增加纤维螺旋度、降低纤维孔隙率等方法进行了改进。
CN109228570B公开了一种保暖喷胶棉，包括喷胶棉本体，所述喷胶棉本体包括至少一个保暖单元，所述保暖单元包括层叠设置的第一化纤层和第二化纤层，并且在第一化纤层和第二化纤层之间镶嵌有多个海绵颗粒，该发明通过将闭孔海绵形成的海绵颗粒与涤纶短纤混合，形成了形成镶嵌结构的保暖喷胶棉，减缓了涤纶短纤内的空气流动性，提升了喷胶棉的保暖能力，但该方法存在工艺复杂、海绵难以固定、絮片克重大等问题。
CN108396466B公开了一种喷胶棉，包括基体和功能体试剂，所述基体采用以高卷曲中空聚酯短纤为主体的纤维絮片，并在该絮片基体的表面及内部空隙里喷注有功能体试剂，通过海藻酸钠与纤维结合来降低对流散热，该发明产品具有优秀的吸湿保暖性和高度蓬松特性，但该方法需要先将海藻酸钠喷洒到纤维后再开松成网并形成絮片，该方法需要先对纤维改性，效率较低。
发明内容
本发明第一方面提供了一种隔热喷胶棉，包括纤维和保温聚合物，所述保温聚合物，按重量百分比计，制备组分包括：球形空心粉体5％-30％，化学发泡剂0.1％-4％，主体聚合物30-65％，水补充余量。
本申请人研究发现，通过设置保温聚合物，纤维和保温聚合物重量比为(60-95)：(5-40)，可均衡喷胶棉的结构稳定性以及隔热效果，由于纤维之间无结合力，长时间使用易导致三维结构产生较大形变，聚合物可以起到粘结固定的作用，有效提升絮片三维结构的稳定性，但聚合物同样存在密度较大，隔热性能差的特点，过多的聚合物，易在层间与纤维间形成过多的导热通道，降低隔热性能。通过在聚合物中添加化学发泡剂，可以通过高温发泡增加聚合物中的孔洞，减少聚合物的热传导。进一步研究发现，添加适量的3-80μm球形空心粉体，可进一步提高隔热效果，可能是粘合在纤维上的空心微球填补特定纤维空隙并降低热对流，从而大幅提升絮片的保温性能。
所述纤维和保温聚合物重量比为(60-95)：(5-40)。
优选的，所述纤维和保温聚合物重量比为(90-95)：(5-10)。
所述球形空心粉体的粒径为3-80μm。
优选的，所述球形空心粉体的粒径为10-20μm。
优选的，所述球形空心粉体包括玻璃微球、陶瓷微球、聚合物微球中的一种或多种组合。
进一步优选的，所述球形空心粉体包括聚合物微球。
所述化学发泡剂包括所述化学发泡剂选自偶氮化合物、磺酰肼类化合物、亚硝基化合物中的一种或几种组合。
优选的，所述偶氮化合物包括偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二甲酸二异丙酯、偶氮二甲酸二乙酯、偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮甲酰胺甲酸钾、偶氮氨基苯中的一种或几种组合；所述磺酰肼类化合物包括N,N-二甲基-N,N-二亚硝基对苯二甲酰胺中的一种或几种组合；所述亚硝基化合物包括苯磺酰肼、对甲苯磺酰肼、4，4-氧化双苯磺酰肼中的一种或几种组合。
优选的，所述化学发泡剂的分解温度为140-200℃。
所述主体聚合物包括水性聚合物。
优选的，所述主体聚合物包括水性聚氨酯树脂、水性环氧树脂、水性丙烯酸酯树脂、水性醇酸树脂及水性聚氨酯-聚丙烯酸酯树脂中的一种或多种组合。
进一步优选的，所述主体聚合物包括水性聚氨酯树脂、水性丙烯酸酯树脂中的一种或多种组合。
所述纤维平均细度1-12dtex，平均长度为10-80mm。
优选的，所述纤维平均细度2 -10dtex，平均长度为20-55mm。
所述纤维包括涤纶纤维、聚酯纤维、锦纶纤维、氨纶纤维、腈纶纤维中的一种或多种组合。
优选的，所述纤维包括涤纶纤维。
优选的，所述纤维包括重量百分比为5-80％的中空纤维。
本发明第二方面提供了一种隔热喷胶棉的加工方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：将球形空心粉体、化学发泡剂、主体聚合物、水高速混匀成浆料，并过筛处理；
步骤2：将纤维依次通过开松、混合、分梳、成网形成絮片；
步骤3：将过筛后的浆料通过高压喷枪喷洒到絮片的表面烘干，得到组合物；
步骤4：将组合物进行高温发泡，即得。
所述烘干的温度为70-120℃。
优选的，所述烘干的温度为100-120℃，烘干的时间为1-3min。
所述高温发泡的温度为130-200℃，所述发泡时间为5-12min。
优选的，所述高温发泡的温度为150-195℃，所述发泡时间为6-8min。
优选的，所述絮片克重为20-400g/m2。
进一步优选的，所述絮片克重为400g/m2。
所述浆料可喷洒到絮片一侧，也可以喷洒到絮片两侧。
优选的，所述浆料喷洒到絮片两侧。
有益效果：
1.通过设置保温聚合物，纤维和保温聚合物重量比为(60-95)：(5-40)，可均衡喷胶棉的结构稳定性以及隔热效果。
2.添加适量的3-80μm球形空心粉体，可进一步提高隔热效果，添加10wt％保温聚合物隔热效果可提升37％。
3.在聚合物中添加少量化学发泡剂，可以通过高温化学发泡增加聚合物中的孔洞，减少聚合物的热传导，进一步提升隔热效果。
4.所述纤维平均细度1-12dtex，平均长度为10-80mm，可有效提高纤维与主体聚合物的相容性。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种隔热喷胶棉，按重量百分比计，为纤维和保温聚合物，所述保温聚合物，制备组分为：球形空心粉体28％，化学发泡剂1.6％，主体聚合物50.4％，水20％。
所述纤维，按重量百分比计，为95％平均细度2dtex，平均长度30mm涤纶纤维，5％平均细度7dtex，平均长度55mm中空涤纶纤维，均购自中国石化仪征化纤有限责任公司。
所述球形空心粉体为玻璃微球，平均粒径20μm，购自3M，型号ZM16K。
所述化学发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺。
所述主体聚合物为水性丙烯酸酯，购自上海保立佳化工股份有限公司，型号：718。
一种隔热喷胶棉的加工方法，为以下步骤：
步骤1：将球形空心粉体、化学发泡剂、主体聚合物、水高速(1000rpm)混匀成浆料，并过50目筛处理；
步骤2：将纤维依次通过开松、混合、分梳、成网形成絮片；
步骤3：将过筛后的浆料通过高压喷枪喷洒到絮片的一面，烘干后在絮片另一面二次喷洒浆料，烘干，得到组合物；
步骤4：将组合物进行高温发泡，即得隔热喷胶棉。
所述絮片的克重为400g/m2，所述隔热喷胶棉的克重为421.2g/m2。
所述烘干的温度为120℃，烘干的时间为2min。
所述高温发泡的温度为195℃，所述发泡时间为8min。
实施例2
一种隔热喷胶棉，按重量百分比计，为纤维和保温聚合物，所述保温聚合物，按重量百分比计，制备组分为：球形空心粉体16％，化学发泡剂1.6％，主体聚合物62.4％，水20％。
所述纤维，按重量百分比计，为40％平均细度6dtex，平均长度20mm涤纶纤维，60％平均细度6dtex，平均长度50mm中空涤纶纤维，均购自中国石化仪征化纤有限责任公司。
所述球形空心粉体为陶瓷微球，平均粒径10μm，购自3M，型号W210。
所述化学发泡剂为4，4-氧化双苯磺酰肼。
所述主体聚合物为水性聚氨酯，购自上海保立佳化工股份有限公司，型号：804u。
一种隔热喷胶棉的加工方法，为以下步骤：
步骤1：将球形空心粉体、化学发泡剂、主体聚合物、水高速(1000rpm)混匀成浆料，并过50目筛处理；
步骤2：将纤维依次通过开松、混合、分梳、成网形成絮片；
步骤3：将过筛后的浆料通过高压喷枪喷洒到絮片的一面，烘干后在絮片另一面二次喷洒浆料，烘干，得到组合物；
步骤4：将组合物进行高温发泡，即得隔热喷胶棉。
所述絮片的克重为20g/m2，所述隔热喷胶棉的克重为33.2g/m2。
所述烘干的温度为110℃，烘干的时间为3min。
所述高温发泡的温度为150℃，所述发泡时间为3min。
实施例3
一种隔热喷胶棉，按重量百分比计，为纤维和保温聚合物，所述保温聚合物，按重量百分比计，制备组分为：球形空心粉体8％，化学发泡剂0.4％，主体聚合物71.6％，水20％。
所述纤维，按重量百分比计，为40％平均细度6dtex，平均长度20mm涤纶纤维，60％平均细度6dtex，平均长度50mm中空涤纶纤维，均购自中国石化仪征化纤有限责任公司。
所述球形空心粉体为聚合物微球，平均粒径20μm，购自中科雷鸣(北京)科技有限公司，材质聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微，型号：PMMA020000。
所述化学发泡剂为偶氮甲酰胺甲酸钾。
所述主体聚合物为水性丙烯酸酯。
一种隔热喷胶棉的加工方法，为以下步骤：
步骤1：将球形空心粉体、化学发泡剂、主体聚合物、水高速(1000rpm)混匀成浆料，并过50目筛处理；
步骤2：将纤维依次通过开松、混合、分梳、成网形成絮片；
步骤3：将过筛后的浆料通过高压喷枪喷洒到絮片的一面，烘干后在絮片另一面二次喷洒浆料，烘干，得到组合物；
步骤4：将组合物进行高温发泡，即得隔热喷胶棉。
所述絮片的克重为100g/m2，所述隔热喷胶棉的克重为110g/m2。
所述烘干的温度为110℃，烘干的时间为3min。
所述高温发泡的温度为180℃，所述发泡时间为6min。
对比例1
具体实施方式同实施例3；不同的是，对比例1中未添加保温聚合物。
一种隔热喷胶棉的加工方法，为以下步骤：将纤维依次通过开松、混合、分梳、成网形成絮片，即得；
对比例2
具体实施方式同实施例3；不同的是，对比例2中组分为：化学发泡剂0.4％，主体聚合物79.6％，水20％。
一种隔热喷胶棉的加工方法，为以下步骤：
步骤1：将化学发泡剂、主体聚合物、水高速(1000rpm)混匀成浆料，并过50目筛处理；
步骤2：将纤维依次通过开松、混合、分梳、成网形成絮片；
步骤3：将过筛后的浆料通过高压喷枪喷洒到絮片的一面，烘干后在絮片另一面二次喷洒浆料，烘干，得到组合物；
步骤4：将组合物进行高温发泡，即得隔热喷胶棉。
所述絮片的克重为100g/m2，所述隔热喷胶棉的克重为110g/m2。
所述烘干的温度为110℃，烘干的时间为3min。
所述高温发泡的温度为150℃，所述发泡时间为3min。
对比例3
具体实施方式同实施例3；不同的是，所述球形空心粉体为聚合物微球，平均粒径5μm，购自中科雷鸣(北京)科技有限公司，材质聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯微，型号：PMMA005000。
一种隔热喷胶棉的加工方法，为以下步骤：
步骤1：将球形空心粉体、主体聚合物、水高速(1000rpm)混匀成浆料，并过筛处理；
步骤2：将纤维依次通过开松、混合、分梳、成网形成絮片；
步骤3：将过筛后的浆料通过高压喷枪喷洒到絮片的一面，烘干后在絮片另一面二次喷洒浆料，烘干，即得；
所述絮片的克重为100g/m2，所述隔热喷胶棉的克重为110g/m2。
所述烘干的温度为110℃，烘干的时间为3min。
对比例4
具体实施方式同实施例3；不同的是，对比例4中组分为：球形空心粉体8％，主体聚合物72％，水20％。
一种隔热喷胶棉的加工方法，为以下步骤：
步骤1：将球形空心粉体、主体聚合物、水高速(1000rpm)混匀成浆料，并过筛处理；
步骤2：将纤维依次通过开松、混合、分梳、成网形成絮片；
步骤3：将过筛后的浆料通过高压喷枪喷洒到絮片的一面，烘干后在絮片另一面二次喷洒浆料，烘干，即得；
所述絮片的克重为100g/m2，所述隔热喷胶棉的克重为110g/m2。
所述烘干的温度为110℃，烘干的时间为3min。
性能测试方法将实施例和对比例中所得喷胶棉进行性能测试，测试数据列于表1中。
1、保温聚合物占比＝((隔热喷胶棉的克重－絮片的克重)/隔热喷胶棉的克重)×100％。
2、克罗值按照《GB/T11048-2018纺织品生理舒适性稳态条件下热阻和湿阻的测定(蒸发热板法)》中A法进行测定。其中“-”表示未进行测试。克罗值提升百分比＝((复合后克罗值－絮片克罗值)/絮片克罗值)×100％。
性能测试数据
表1
Claims (10)
1.一种隔热喷胶棉，其特征在于，包括纤维和保温聚合物，所述保温聚合物，按重量百分比计，制备组分包括：球形空心粉体5％-30％，化学发泡剂0.1％-4％，主体聚合物30-65％，水补充余量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种隔热喷胶棉，其特征在于，所述球形空心粉体的粒径为3-80μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种隔热喷胶棉，其特征在于，所述球形空心粉体包括玻璃微球、陶瓷微球、聚合物微球中的一种或多种组合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种隔热喷胶棉，其特征在于，所述化学发泡剂的分解温度为140-200℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种隔热喷胶棉，其特征在于，所述主体聚合物包括水性聚合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种隔热喷胶棉，其特征在于，所述纤维包括重量百分比为5-80％的中空纤维。
7.一种根据权利要求1所述隔热喷胶棉的加工方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：将球形空心粉体、化学发泡剂、主体聚合物、水高速混匀成浆料，并过筛处理；
步骤2：将纤维通过开松、混合、分梳、成网形成絮片；
步骤3：将过筛后的浆料通过高压喷枪喷洒到絮片的表面烘干，得到组合物；
步骤4：将组合物进行高温发泡，即得。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种隔热喷胶棉的加工方法，其特征在于，所述烘干的温度为70-120℃。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种隔热喷胶棉的加工方法，其特征在于，所述高温发泡的温度为130-200℃。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种隔热喷胶棉的加工方法，其特征在于，所述浆料可喷洒到絮片一侧，也可以喷洒到絮片两侧。
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| CN105316945A (zh) * | 2015-06-26 | 2016-02-10 | 浙江盛发纺织印染有限公司 | 一种双面涂层面料 |
| US20180320307A1 (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2018-11-08 | Lukla Llc | Composite aerogel coating for textile applications |
| KR20190053322A (ko) * | 2017-11-09 | 2019-05-20 | 신정우 | 에어로겔 발포층이 형성된 보온재용 부직포 구조체 |
| CN109898215A (zh) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-06-18 | 上海恋轩实业有限公司 | 具有抗寒保暖功能的复合羊毛面料及其制作工艺 |
| CN113861785A (zh) * | 2021-11-17 | 2021-12-31 | 上海阿宝实业有限公司 | 一种保温隔热涂料、保温隔热涂料的制备方法和保温隔热涂层 |
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| CN105316945A (zh) * | 2015-06-26 | 2016-02-10 | 浙江盛发纺织印染有限公司 | 一种双面涂层面料 |
| US20180320307A1 (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2018-11-08 | Lukla Llc | Composite aerogel coating for textile applications |
| KR20190053322A (ko) * | 2017-11-09 | 2019-05-20 | 신정우 | 에어로겔 발포층이 형성된 보온재용 부직포 구조체 |
| CN109898215A (zh) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-06-18 | 上海恋轩实业有限公司 | 具有抗寒保暖功能的复合羊毛面料及其制作工艺 |
| CN113861785A (zh) * | 2021-11-17 | 2021-12-31 | 上海阿宝实业有限公司 | 一种保温隔热涂料、保温隔热涂料的制备方法和保温隔热涂层 |
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