CN116356464A - 一种蒸汽变形制备水净化纤维的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种蒸汽变形制备水净化纤维的方法,其特征在于,所述蒸汽变形的介质为蒸汽,采用蒸汽填塞膨化变形,所述蒸汽中混合有非离子蓬松柔软剂10~20ppm,酮肟除氧剂30~40ppm,包括如下步骤:A:将聚丙烯切片投入到挤压机中加热充分熔化,B:将步骤A熔化混合均匀的熔体通过三叶异形喷丝板喷丝,获得初生纤维;C:将步骤B得到的初生纤维利用双面油嘴添加纺丝油剂,获得设计线密度的纤维丝;D:将步骤B制得的纤维丝放入变形箱中进行蒸汽填塞膨化变形,制得膨化纤维丝;本发明纤维直径大、卷曲度高和回弹性能保持长久,用于水净化纤维束过滤器,比表面积大,过滤阻力小,磨损减小,过滤速度增大,清洁周期长,使用寿命延长。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及化学纤维材料技术领域,具体涉及一种蒸汽变形制备水净化纤维的方法。
背景技术
水净化纤维是近年开发的新型过滤层,具有过滤比表面积大,过滤阻力小,过滤速度快,容易清洁,使用寿命长等优势,在现有技术中,常常采用圆形纤维截面形状,而且纤维直径很难达到100微米以上,这就造成纤维卷曲性能不高,而且不够持久,造成纤维过滤层使用一段时间就会被堵塞,导致纤维束过滤器清洗周期和使用寿命缩短。
现有技术的变形介质是热压缩空气,就是设有一个加热器把压缩空气加热后,通过变形箱喷嘴,把复丝填塞到带有金属叶片的变形室里,实现填塞膨化变形,当采用不给湿变形时,单丝之间的摩擦阻力较大,这会阻碍单丝之间纵向位移,因此变形效果不良,卷曲低,还不长久。现有卷曲长久纤维技术,存在纤维直径和卷曲性能不够大和不够长久的问题,只是用于其它领域,不能满足水净化纤维束。例如:
专利号为ZL201910507873.4的发明专利,公开了一种永久卷曲欧根纱及其制备方法,所述欧根纱的纤维截面为复合纤维结构,所述复合纤维包括聚合物组分A和聚合物组分B,所述聚合物组分A与聚合物组分B中聚合物类型相同。所述制备方法为将经过干燥处理的聚合物组分A和聚合物组分B混合进行熔融,然后通过一步法复合纺丝,得到具有复合结构的欧根纱单丝,并依次通过水浴和牵伸辊进行冷却和牵伸,经过热定型处理,最后卷绕得到永久卷曲欧根纱。本发明采用一步法纺丝,集中控制纺丝工序,在一套设备上就能直接生产出复合欧根纱,降低设备成本,同时调整聚合物组分A和聚合物组分B的种类和物理性能,提高两相之间的界面粘附性能,从而得到能够永久卷曲的欧根纱,其只能织造布面料,不能适应于水净化纤维。
专利号为ZL202111051364.9的发明专利,公开了一种用于环保纤维束过滤器的丙纶膨体长丝及其制备方法,属于化学纤维材料技术领域,其单丝横截面为三叶异形膨化长丝,采用聚丙烯切片、抗氯母粒和抗UV母粒混合纺丝,其单根丝的线密度为40~45dtex,复丝线密度为3000~3600dtex,纤维直径为100微米以上。其抗氯母粒是耐氯抗氧双效剂与聚丙烯粉末按1:1比例,进行混合熔融切粒制成母粒,其抗UV母粒是抗老化剂为15.0~17.0%,UV粉为15.0~17 .0%,聚丙烯粉末为66.0~70.0%,进行混合熔融切粒制成母粒,本发明的优点在于:本发明直径大,蓬松高,回弹好,具有成本低廉,比表面积大,过滤阻力小,提高了过滤效力和截污能力,增加了抗氯氧化性能和抗UV老化性能,延长其使用寿命。本发明优点只是增加了纤维的抗氯氧化性能和抗UV老化性能,还存在纤维直径和卷曲性能不够大和不够长久的问题。
专利号为ZL202210214789.5的发明专利,公开了一种亲水憎油水净化改性纤维及其制备方法,属于化学纤维材料技术领域,包括如下组分与质量比:改性聚丙烯切片96.0~97.0%,亲水憎油母粒3.0~4.0%,按其组分混合纺丝而成,其单丝横截面为三叶异形;所述改性聚丙烯切片中包含阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺助剂。本发明的优点在于:除了具有水净化纤维填料过滤精度高,过滤速度快,截污面积大,吨水造价低,使用周期长,反清洗容易等特点外,还具有吸水、吸附大分子有机物及胶体,截留油渍的特性,对含有油渍污水的过滤、循环、旁滤和回收都起到精细净化的作用。但同样存在纤维直径和卷曲性能不够大和不够长久的问题,仍然不能满足水净化纤维束的过滤要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,基于现有技术中的这些缺点及本申请人前期专利文件存在的问题,本发明旨在用蒸汽作为变形介质的方法,提供一种蒸汽变形制备水净化纤维的方法。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种蒸汽变形制备水净化纤维的方法,其特征在于,所述蒸汽变形的介质为蒸汽,采用蒸汽填塞膨化变形,所述蒸汽中混合有非离子蓬松柔软剂10~20ppm,酮肟除氧剂30~40ppm,包括如下步骤:
A:将聚丙烯切片投入到挤压机中加热充分熔化,均匀混合得到熔体;
B:将步骤A熔化混合均匀的熔体通过三叶异形喷丝板喷丝,并通过侧吹风冷却,获得初生纤维;
C:将步骤B得到的初生纤维利用双面油嘴添加纺丝油剂,然后进行热拉伸辊拉伸,获得设计线密度的纤维丝;
D:将步骤B制得的纤维丝放入变形箱中进行蒸汽填塞膨化变形,并喷吐在冷却盘冷却加蓬,制得膨化纤维丝;
E:将膨化纤维丝冷却后,再经过网络器打出一定数量的网络节,再通过卷绕机卷装成圆柱形纱筒,即获得蒸汽变形制备水净化纤维。
所述水净化纤维材质采用聚丙烯,是相对于聚酰胺和聚酯,具有价格低廉的优势,更适合做为过滤纤维填料进行大规模生产和使用。
所述三叶异形喷丝板横截面的叶宽与叶长比为1:6,叶顶端宽度小于叶根部度,叶顶端宽为0.20mm,叶根部宽为0.30mm,叶长为1.20mm,两叶边夹角为11°,叶与叶之间为圆弧过渡连接,叶根连接圆半径为0.50mm~2 mm,三叶异形喷丝板微孔数为50个。
通过增大三叶异形喷丝板横截面的异形度,即可得到高的卷曲度,又具有高回弹的性能,而且直径大,纤维的刚性也增加。
所述膨化纤维丝单根丝的线密度为60~70dtex;所述膨化纤维丝的线密度为3000~3500dtex,膨化纤维丝直径为150微米以上,并通过三叶异形喷丝板的处理,获得的水净化纤维直径大,卷曲高,回弹性能保持时间长久。
优选的,步骤A中,所述挤压机各区加热温度为200~220℃;步骤B中,侧吹风风温16~18℃、湿度70.0~75.0%、风速1.3~1.5m/s;步骤C中,所述初生纤维双面上油率0.8~1.0%;使用两级热辊进行拉伸,拉伸比3.3~3.5倍;以喂入热辊速度为600~620m/min,加热温度60~65℃;预拉伸热辊速度为630~650m/min,加热温度100~110℃;主拉伸热对辊速度为2000~2200m/min,加热温度110~120℃;步骤E中,所述网络器打出的网络度为10~15个/米,所述卷绕机的卷绕速度为1700~1900m/min。
优选的,步骤D中,所述变形箱中进行蒸汽填塞膨化变形温度为140~150℃,蒸汽压力为5.0~6.0bar,所述冷却盘转速为45~50rpm。
所述非离子蓬松柔软剂,采用东莞太洋纺织用品有限公司生产的TY-L5153蓬松柔软剂,能够使复丝更加蓬松、卷曲和柔软,卷曲长久。
所述酮肟除氧剂,采用廊坊清汶化工人限公司生产的丁酮肟除氧剂,能够去除蒸汽对金属变形叶片的氧化腐蚀,起到保护延长变形叶片使用寿命的作用。
与现有技术相比较,实施本发明,具有如下有益效果:
本发明通过对变形介质的蒸汽混合处理,实现液态蒸汽填塞膨化变形,蒸汽可加热加湿,单丝之间摩擦作用减小,使纤维易产生纵向较大的位移,充分填塞各金属变形叶片里,形成三维空间的立体卷曲,卷曲模量大,卷曲牢度高,卷曲保持时间长久。
本发明纤维直径大、卷曲度高和回弹性能保持长久,用于水净化纤维束过滤器,比表面积大,过滤阻力小,磨损减小,过滤速度增大,清洁周期长,使用寿命延长。
附图说明
图1是本发明原理示意图;
图2是本发明三叶异形喷丝板结构示意图;其中:
1、叶顶端宽,2、两叶边夹角,3、叶长,4、叶根部宽,5、叶根连接圆半径。
实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合附图1和附图2对本发明作进一步地详细描述。
实施例
所述蒸汽变形制备水净化纤维的方法,所述膨化纤维丝单根丝的线密度为60dtex;所述膨化纤维丝的线密度为3000dtex,所述蒸汽中混合有非离子蓬松柔软剂10ppm,酮肟除氧剂30ppm,如图1所示,包括如下步骤:
A:将聚丙烯切片投入到挤压机中加热充分熔化,均匀混合得到熔体;挤压机五个区的加热温度分别为200℃、205℃、210℃、212℃和215℃。
B:将步骤A熔化混合均匀的熔体通过三叶异形喷丝板喷丝,经过风温18℃、湿度70.0%、风速1.3m/s的侧吹风冷却,获得初生纤维;
C:将步骤B得到的初生纤维利用双面油嘴添加纺丝油剂,上油率为0.8%;之后进行两级热拉伸辊进行拉伸,拉伸比3.3倍;喂入热辊速度为600m/min,加热为60℃;预拉伸热辊速度为630m/min,加热温度100℃;主拉伸热对辊速度为2000m/min,加热温度110℃,获得设计线密度的纤维丝;
D:将步骤B制得的纤维丝放入变形箱中进行蒸汽填塞膨化变形,蒸汽温度为140℃,蒸汽压力5.0bar;并喷吐在冷却盘冷却加蓬,冷却盘转速为45rpm,制得膨化纤维丝;
E:将膨化纤维丝冷却后,再经过网络器打出10个/米的网络节,再通过卷绕机以卷绕速度为1700m/min卷装成圆柱形纱筒,即获得蒸汽变形制备水净化纤维。
实施例
所述蒸汽变形制备水净化纤维的方法,所述膨化纤维丝单根丝的线密度为65dtex;所述膨化纤维丝的线密度为3250dtex,所述蒸汽中混合有非离子蓬松柔软剂15ppm,酮肟除氧剂35ppm,如图1所示,包括如下步骤:
A:将聚丙烯切片投入到挤压机中加热充分熔化,均匀混合得到熔体;挤压机五个区的加热温度分别为200℃、205℃、210℃、214℃和218℃。
B:将步骤A熔化混合均匀的熔体通过三叶异形喷丝板喷丝,经过风温17℃、湿度73.0%、风速1.4m/s的侧吹风冷却,获得初生纤维;
C:将步骤B得到的初生纤维利用双面油嘴添加纺丝油剂,上油率为0.9%;之后进行两级热拉伸辊进行拉伸,拉伸比3.4倍;喂入热辊速度为610m/min,加热为63℃;预拉伸热辊速度为640m/min,加热温度105℃;主拉伸热对辊速度为2080m/min,加热温度115℃,获得设计线密度的纤维丝;
D:将步骤B制得的纤维丝放入变形箱中进行蒸汽填塞膨化变形,蒸汽温度为145℃,蒸汽压力5.5bar;并喷吐在冷却盘冷却加蓬,冷却盘转速为48rpm,制得膨化纤维丝;
E:将膨化纤维丝冷却后,再经过网络器打出12个/米的网络节,再通过卷绕机以卷绕速度为1780m/min卷装成圆柱形纱筒,即获得蒸汽变形制备水净化纤维。
实施例
所述蒸汽变形制备水净化纤维的方法,所述膨化纤维丝单根丝的线密度为70dtex;所述膨化纤维丝的线密度为3500dtex,所述蒸汽中混合有非离子蓬松柔软剂2ppm,酮肟除氧剂40ppm,如图1所示,包括如下步骤:
A:将聚丙烯切片投入到挤压机中加热充分熔化,均匀混合得到熔体;挤压机五个区的加热温度分别为200℃、205℃、210℃、215℃和220℃。
B:将步骤A熔化混合均匀的熔体通过三叶异形喷丝板喷丝,经过风温16℃、湿度75.0%、风速1.5m/s的侧吹风冷却,获得初生纤维;
C:将步骤B得到的初生纤维利用双面油嘴添加纺丝油剂,上油率为0.9%;之后进行两级热拉伸辊进行拉伸,拉伸比3.5倍;喂入热辊速度为620m/min,加热为65℃;预拉伸热辊速度为650m/min,加热温度11℃;主拉伸热对辊速度为2200m/min,加热温度12℃,获得设计线密度的纤维丝;
D:将步骤B制得的纤维丝放入变形箱中进行蒸汽填塞膨化变形,蒸汽温度为150℃,蒸汽压力6.0bar;并喷吐在冷却盘冷却加蓬,冷却盘转速为50rpm,制得膨化纤维丝;
E:将膨化纤维丝冷却后,再经过网络器打出15个/米的网络节,再通过卷绕机以卷绕速度为1900m/min卷装成圆柱形纱筒,即获得蒸汽变形制备水净化纤维。
效果分析:
将实施例1~3样品与市售常规水净化纤维进行测试比较,根据《FZ/T54001-2012丙纶膨体长丝(BCF)》行业标准进行测试热卷曲伸长率来代表卷曲度,用显微镜观察纤维直径,并测试纤维过滤速度和卷曲保持率,结果见下表1:
表1
从表1可以看出,本发明实施例获得的大直径高卷曲水净化纤维,对比市售常规水净化纤维,纤维直径达到160微米以上,增大了50%,热卷曲伸长率提高了进半,过滤速度提高了30%,卷曲保持率长久,能很好地用作水净化纤维束纤维。
以上所揭露的仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,当然不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围,因此依本发明权利要求所作的等同变化,仍属本发明所涵盖的范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种蒸汽变形制备水净化纤维的方法,其特征在于,所述蒸汽变形的介质为蒸汽,采用蒸汽填塞膨化变形,所述蒸汽中混合有非离子蓬松柔软剂10~20ppm,酮肟除氧剂30~40ppm,包括如下步骤:
A:将聚丙烯切片投入到挤压机中加热充分熔化,均匀混合得到熔体;
B:将步骤A熔化混合均匀的熔体通过三叶异形喷丝板喷丝,并通过侧吹风冷却,获得初生纤维;
C:将步骤B得到的初生纤维利用双面油嘴添加纺丝油剂,然后进行热拉伸辊拉伸,获得设计线密度的纤维丝;
D:将步骤B制得的纤维丝放入变形箱中进行蒸汽填塞膨化变形,并喷吐在冷却盘冷却加蓬,制得膨化纤维丝;
E:将膨化纤维丝冷却后,再经过网络器打出一定数量的网络节,再通过卷绕机卷装成圆柱形纱筒,即获得蒸汽变形制备长久高卷曲水净化纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所术的水净化纤维的方法,其特征在于,所述三叶异形喷丝板横截面的叶宽与叶长比为1:6,叶顶端宽度小于叶根部度,叶顶端宽为0.20mm,叶根部宽为0.30mm,叶长为1.20mm,两叶边夹角为11°,叶与叶之间为圆弧过渡连接,叶根连接圆半径为0.50mm~2 mm,三叶异形喷丝板微孔数为50个。
3.根据权利要求1所术的水净化纤维的方法,其特征在于,所述膨化纤维丝单根丝的线密度为60~70dtex;所述膨化纤维丝的线密度为3000~3500dtex,膨化纤维丝直径为至少150微米,并通过三叶异形喷丝板的处理,获得的水净化纤维直径大,卷曲高,回弹性能保持时间长久。
4.根据权利要求1所术的水净化纤维的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤A中,所述挤压机各区加热温度为200~220。
5.根据权利要求1所术的水净化纤维的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤B中,侧吹风风温16~18℃、湿度70.0~75.0%、风速1.3~1.5m/s。
6.根据权利要求1所术的水净化纤维的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤C中,初生纤维双面上油率0.8~1.0%;使用两级热辊进行拉伸,拉伸比3.3~3.5倍;以喂入热辊速度为600~620m/min,加热温度60~65℃;预拉伸热辊速度为630~650m/min,加热温度100~110℃;主拉伸热对辊速度为2000~2200m/min,加热温度110~120℃。
7.根据权利要求1所术的水净化纤维的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤D中,变形箱中进行蒸汽填塞膨化变形温度为140~150℃,蒸汽压力为5.0~6.0bar,所述冷却盘转速为45~50rpm。
8.根据权利要求1所术的水净化纤维的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤E中,网络器打出的网络度为10~15个/米,所述卷绕机的卷绕速度为1700~1900m/min。
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