CN116354711A - 一种具有氨净化功能的岩板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有氨净化功能的岩板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116354711A CN116354711A CN202310620924.0A CN202310620924A CN116354711A CN 116354711 A CN116354711 A CN 116354711A CN 202310620924 A CN202310620924 A CN 202310620924A CN 116354711 A CN116354711 A CN 116354711A
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- Prior art keywords
- opal
- rock plate
- fullerene
- hydroxyl
- ammonia
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000011022 opal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- AOITVOSSTJRHSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (c{60}-i{h})[5,6]fullerane-1,2,3,4,5,7,13,23,24,27,29,32,35,36,39,40,42,44,49,50,53,55,56,58-tetracosol Chemical compound OC12C3C4C(O)(C56O)C7(O)C1C(C18O)(O)C9C2(O)C2C(C%10C%11(C(C%12(C(O)(C%13%14)C%15%11O)O)(O)C%11%16)O)C3C%15C4C%14C5C3C%13C(C4C5(O)C%13%14)(O)C%12C5C%11C5C%13(O)C%11C%12(O)C%13(O)C5C%16C%10(O)C2C%13(O)C9(O)C%12C8C2(O)C(C58O)C1C7C6C8(O)C3(O)C4C5C%14C2%11 AOITVOSSTJRHSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- -1 hydroxy fullerene Chemical compound 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052903 pyrophyllite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052656 albite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013335 mesoporous material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003483 aging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007688 edging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002444 silanisation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006884 silylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004018 waxing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 2
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical group [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C=C NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZBSKZKPSSKTLNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylpent-3-enoxysilane Chemical compound CC(=CCCO[SiH3])C ZBSKZKPSSKTLNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BUEPLEYBAVCXJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [ethenyl-methyl-(trimethylsilylamino)silyl]ethene Chemical compound C(=C)[Si](N[Si](C)(C)C)(C=C)C BUEPLEYBAVCXJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZPECUSGQPIKHLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(ethenyl)-dimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(C=C)C=C ZPECUSGQPIKHLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXPLZNMUBFBFIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC SXPLZNMUBFBFIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- VSYLGGHSEIWGJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl(dimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CC[Si](CC)(OC)OC VSYLGGHSEIWGJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJQZDUKDJDQPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy(dimethyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(C)OC JJQZDUKDJDQPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(triethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C=C FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOXXJEVNDJOOLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl-tris(2-methoxyethoxy)silane Chemical compound COCCO[Si](OCCOC)(OCCOC)C=C WOXXJEVNDJOOLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBRXLTRZCJVAPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CC[Si](OC)(OC)OC SBRXLTRZCJVAPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POPACFLNWGUDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxy(trimethyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(C)C POPACFLNWGUDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrimethoxysilane Chemical group CO[Si](C)(OC)OC BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassiosodium Chemical compound [Na].[K] BITYAPCSNKJESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002345 respiratory system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- HUZZQXYTKNNCOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl(methoxy)silane Chemical compound CC[Si](CC)(CC)OC HUZZQXYTKNNCOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound CCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UYPYRKYUKCHHIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine N-oxide Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)[O-] UYPYRKYUKCHHIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
- C04B35/18—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay rich in aluminium oxide
- C04B35/19—Alkali metal aluminosilicates, e.g. spodumene
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- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
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- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
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- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
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- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/349—Clays, e.g. bentonites, smectites such as montmorillonite, vermiculites or kaolines, e.g. illite, talc or sepiolite
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Abstract
本申请属于建筑材料技术领域，提供的一种具有氨净化功能的岩板及其制备方法，由以下组分制成：羟基富勒烯增强蛋白石、硅藻土、钾钠长石、叶腊石、膨润土、高岭土、改性氧化铝，通过添加羟基富勒烯增强蛋白石，羟基富勒烯可自发的吸附在蛋白石硅羟基表面，为其增加更多的活性位点，其表面的羟基与NH3间的氢键作用，对氨气具有较强的吸附作用，并增加其对氨气的吸附能力，解决了现有技术缺乏对氨气吸附净化的岩板的技术问题，通过对氧化铝进行改性，巧妙地运用了氧化铝多孔隙的特点，且孔道规整性好，对NH3进入内部孔道有一定的促进作用，且羟基富勒烯增强蛋白石改性氧化铝复配，可降低团聚效应，提高整体的热稳定性，提高组分对氨气的吸附净化量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑材料技术领域，尤其是涉及一种具有氨净化功能的岩板及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着工业的高速发展，大气污染问题愈发突出，严重制约着经济和社会的进一步发展。目前室内空气中的氨主要有3个来源：
（1）氨气污染主要来自建筑施工中使用的混凝土外加剂。主要有两种：一种是在冬季施工过程中，在混凝土墙体中加入的混凝土防冻剂，另一种是为了提高混凝土的凝固速度，使用的高碱混凝土膨胀剂和早强剂。北方地区近几年大量使用了高碱混凝土膨胀剂和含尿素的混凝土防冻剂。这些含有大量氨类物质的外加剂在墙体中随着温湿度等环境因素的变化而还原成氨气从墙体中缓慢释放出来。这种释放持续时间长、污染重，对人体危害大，是最重要的室内氨的污染源。
（2）室内装饰材料中的添加剂和增白剂：含有氨水成分的添加剂和增白剂在室温下易释放出气态氨，但这种释放过程快，在较短时间内能够扩散到室外环境中，不会造成长时间的污染。
（3）装修中选用的木制板材：家具使用的加工木制板材在加压成型过程中使用了大量黏合剂，此黏合剂主要是甲醛和尿素加工聚合而成。它们在室温下易释放出气态的氨，造成室内空气中氨的污染，短期（少于8 h）暴露在 NH3环境中可能会刺激呼吸道、眼睛和皮肤，而长时间暴露在NH3浓度高于300×10-6(vol)的环境中则会导致严重的疾病甚至死亡，而现有的岩板中可对氨气进行吸附降解的功能未见报道。
发明内容
本发明为了解决现有的岩板对于无法对氨气进行吸附，且吸附降解量较低，提供一种具有氨净化功能的岩板。
本发明的第二个目的是提供具有氨净化功能的岩板的制备方法。
为实现上述第一个目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种具有氨净化功能的岩板，按重量份数计，由以下组分制成：8~15份羟基富勒烯增强蛋白石、16~28份硅藻土、31~47份钾钠长石、13~20份叶腊石、3-5份膨润土、6~8份高岭土、10~20份改性氧化铝，通过添加羟基富勒烯增强蛋白石，羟基富勒烯可自发的吸附在蛋白石硅羟基表面，为其增加更多的活性位点，其表面的羟基与NH3间的氢键作用，对氨气具有较强的吸附作用，并增加其对氨气的吸附能力，解决了现有技术缺乏对氨气吸附净化的岩板的技术问题，通过添加硅藻土，还可自发的对空气中其他有害气体如甲醛进行吸附降解，通过对氧化铝进行改性，巧妙地运用了氧化铝多孔隙的特点，且孔道规整性好，对NH3进入内部孔道有一定的促进作用，NH3在改性氧化铝表面自由移动并选择性地吸附在酸碱中心上，且羟基富勒烯增强蛋白石改性氧化铝复配，可降低团聚效应，提高整体烧制时的热稳定性，解决了氧化铝热稳定性差的问题，提高组分对氨气的吸附净化量。
优选的，所述羟基富勒烯增强蛋白石的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）蛋白石的酸化：将蛋白石研磨成粉末，过800目筛，取10重量份的蛋白石粉末与200mL的4mol/L的硝酸溶液混合，在60℃的条件下搅拌4h，离心后干燥10h，研磨成粉末过100目筛，得酸化的蛋白石粉末，蛋白石具有高度的酸稳定性，经过酸化后的蛋白石，其表面的硅羟基更易于与硅烷基连接，以进行硅烷化改性，形成微观表面形貌为多孔层状结构的蛋白石介孔材料；
（2）将步骤（1）中酸化的蛋白石粉末加入含有硅烷化改性处理剂的甲苯溶液中，于45℃的水浴锅中氮气的气氛中回流10h，回流完毕后，使用25%的甲醇洗涤2-3次，将洗涤物在80℃下干燥5h，得蛋白石介孔材料，将硅烷与蛋白石上的羟基反应形成化学键，这样处理后的蛋白石颗粒表面就包覆有一层相对稳定的有机硅复合物，形成了具有一定比表面积和孔径大小的介孔材料，具有较好的吸附；
（3）将步骤（2）中所得的蛋白石介孔材料加入含有羟基富勒烯分子的溶液中，充分搅拌，于60-90℃的温度下水浴加热，调节pH值，抽滤2-3次，干燥24h，即得羟基富勒烯增强蛋白石，通过以羟基富勒烯对硅烷化改性后的蛋白石介孔材料进行增强，可增加蛋白石表面的活性位点，底部嵌入硅烷化蛋白石表面达到稳定吸附，提高其对氨气的捕捉吸附量，更优选的，羟基富勒烯分子溶液中还含有DMAc和TMAO，其体积比例为羟基富勒烯：DMAc：TMAO=1.5:1:1。
优选的，所述步骤（2）中的硅烷化改性处理剂为带甲氧基、乙氧基、氨基的硅烷偶联剂中的任意一种，具体地，可列举出硅氮烷类如六甲基二硅氮烷、四甲基二乙烯基二硅氮烷等；烷氧基系列如甲基三甲氧基硅烷、乙基三甲氧基硅烷、丙基三甲氧基硅烷、丁基三甲氧基硅烷、二甲基二甲氧基硅烷、二乙基二甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、二甲基乙烯基乙氧基硅烷、三甲基甲氧基硅烷、三乙基甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三(甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二乙烯基二甲氧基硅烷等，作为硅烷化改性处理剂，特别优选的，硅烷化改性处理剂为乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷。
优选的，所述步骤（2）中的甲苯溶液含有16-20%的硅烷化改性处理剂。
优选的，所述步骤（3）中调节pH值至6-7。
优选的，所述改性氧化铝的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（4）在含柠檬酸的水溶液中加入氧化铝颗粒浸渍12h，浸渍完成后，取出并于120℃下烘干，得氧化铝载体；
（5）将步骤（4）中的氧化铝载体加入100mL含1mol/L的活性稀土金属组分的水溶液中浸渍24h，浸渍完成后，取出并于120℃下烘干3-5h，高温煅烧5h，得含有负载稀土金属的氧化铝，通过活性稀土金属在氧化铝载体上的负载牢固、分散均匀，从而拥有了更强的吸附氨气活性。其中，通过采用柠檬酸作为γ-Al2O3载体改性剂，从而降低了稀土金属与载体之间的界面作用力，促进了后续稀土金属离子在其孔道内部的均匀浸润，提高其热稳定性，使其在较高的稳定能力下，仍具有较大的比表面积，且其对NH3的吸附性能大幅度提高。
优选的，所述步骤（5）中的活性稀土金属组分为比例1:1的硝酸镧和硝酸铈的混合物；
所述活性稀土金属组分与所述氧化铝载体的质量比为1:2-3，通过选择稀土金属镧和铈作为活性稀土金属负载于氧化铝上，一方面提高氧化铝的热稳定性，一方面改善了氧化铝的孔径结构，提高其对氨气的吸附量，更赋予了氧化铝孔道结构的规整性。
优选的，所述步骤（4）中氧化铝颗粒的晶体为γ型，其比表面积为150-350m2/g，平均孔径为5-20nm。
优选的，所述步骤（5）中高温煅烧的温度增量为2-6℃/min，温度为700-800℃。
为了实现上述第二个目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种上述的具有氨净化功能的岩板的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：按原料重量份数称取羟基富勒烯增强蛋白石、硅藻土、钾钠长石、叶腊石、膨润土、高岭土、改性氧化铝土，混合8-12h，得混合浆料，经过筛、陈腐、喷雾干燥，得岩板坯粉料；
S2：将步骤S1中的岩板坯粉料经压机布料后压制成型，通过干燥窑干燥，得岩板生坯；
S3：将步骤S2中的岩板生坯表面进行处理，布施底釉，喷墨装饰，高温烧制成型，烧成温度为800～1100℃，烧成时间为130～160min，经冷却、磨边、抛光、打蜡、包装，即得所述具有氨净化功能的岩板。
本发明相对于现有技术，有以下优点：
1、本申请提供的一种具有氨净化功能的岩板，通过添加羟基富勒烯增强蛋白石，羟基富勒烯可自发的吸附在蛋白石硅羟基表面，为其增加更多的活性位点，其表面的羟基与NH3间的氢键作用，对氨气具有较强的吸附作用，并增加其对氨气的吸附能力，解决了现有技术缺乏具有对氨气吸附净化的岩板的技术问题，通过添加硅藻土，还可自发的对空气中其他有害气体如甲醛进行吸附降解，通过对氧化铝进行改性，巧妙地运用了氧化铝多孔隙的特点，且孔道规整性好，对NH3进入内部孔道有一定的促进作用，且羟基富勒烯增强蛋白石改性氧化铝复配，可降低团聚效应，提高整体烧制的热稳定性，解决了氧化铝热稳定性差的问题，提高组分对氨气的吸附净化量。
2、本申请提供的一种具有氨净化功能的岩板的制备方法，步骤简单便捷，适合工业化生产，符合绿色环保的需求，提高了各组分材料之间的流动性，羟基富勒烯增强蛋白石，加入后增大了材料成型后的力学性能，增强其在体系中的分散程度，提高对氨气的吸附量。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例1-3和对比例1-3说明本发明的具体技术方案：
（1）羟基富勒烯增强蛋白石的制备
将蛋白石研磨成粉末，过800目筛，取10重量份的蛋白石粉末与200mL的4mol/L的硝酸溶液混合，在60℃的条件下搅拌4h，离心后干燥10h，研磨成粉末过100目筛，加入含有硅烷化改性处理剂的甲苯溶液中，于45℃的水浴锅中氮气的气氛中回流10h，回流完毕后，使用25%的甲醇洗涤3次，将洗涤物在80℃下干燥5h，得蛋白石介孔材料；
将上述所得的蛋白石介孔材料加入含有羟基富勒烯分子的溶液中，充分搅拌，于90℃的温度下水浴加热，调节pH值，抽滤3次，干燥24h，备用。
（2）改性氧化铝的制备
在含8g柠檬酸的100mL水溶液中加入100g比表面积为150m2/g，平均孔径为5nm的γ-Al2O3颗粒浸渍12h，浸渍完成后，取出并于120℃下烘干，烘干完成后加入100mL含1mol/L的比例1:1的硝酸镧和硝酸铈的水溶液中浸渍24h，浸渍完成后，取出使用纯水清洗并于120℃下烘干3h，高温煅烧5h，得含有负载稀土金属的氧化铝。
实施例1：
按表1重量份数称取步骤（1）制备的羟基富勒烯增强蛋白石、步骤（2）制备的改性氧化铝以及硅藻土、钾钠长石、叶腊石、膨润土、高岭土，混合8h，得混合浆料，经过筛、陈腐、喷雾干燥，得岩板坯粉料；将岩板坯粉料经压机布料后压制成型，通过干燥窑干燥，得岩板生坯；
将岩板生坯表面进行处理，布施底釉，喷墨装饰，高温烧制成型，烧成温度为1100℃，烧成时间为130min，经冷却、磨边、抛光、打蜡、包装，即得。
实施例2：
按表1重量份数称取步骤（1）制备的羟基富勒烯增强蛋白石、步骤（2）制备的改性氧化铝以及硅藻土、钾钠长石、叶腊石、膨润土、高岭土，混合10h，得混合浆料，经过筛、陈腐、喷雾干燥，得岩板坯粉料；将岩板坯粉料经压机布料后压制成型，通过干燥窑干燥，得岩板生坯；
将岩板生坯表面进行处理，布施底釉，喷墨装饰，高温烧制成型，烧成温度为1000℃，烧成时间为150min，经冷却、磨边、抛光、打蜡、包装，即得。
实施例3：
按表1重量份数称取步骤（1）制备的羟基富勒烯增强蛋白石、步骤（2）制备的改性氧化铝以及硅藻土、钾钠长石、叶腊石、膨润土、高岭土，混合12h，得混合浆料，经过筛、陈腐、喷雾干燥，得岩板坯粉料；将岩板坯粉料经压机布料后压制成型，通过干燥窑干燥，得岩板生坯；
将岩板生坯表面进行处理，布施底釉，喷墨装饰，高温烧制成型，烧成温度为800℃，烧成时间为160min，经冷却、磨边、抛光、打蜡、包装，即得。
对比例1
对比例1与实施例1的区别在于，对比例1中将羟基富勒烯增强蛋白石替换为未经处理的蛋白石，其余组分和含量以及制备方法均与实施例1相同。
对比例2
对比例2与实施例1的区别在于，对比例1中不含改性氧化铝，其余组分的总量与实施例1一致，制备方法与实施例1相同。
对比例3
对比例2与实施例1的区别在于，对比例1中不含硅藻土和膨润土，其余组分的总量与实施例1一致，制备方法与实施例1相同。
表1：实施例1-3和对比例1-3各组分重量份数
将实施例1-3和对比例1-3制备所得的岩板进行性能测试，测试项目和测试结果如表2所示，氨净化率测试：在环境温度为22±2℃、相对湿度为50-70%的密闭空间内放置所得岩板，测试24h后的净化能力。
表2：实施例1-3和对比例1-3制备所得的岩板测试
由表2可以看出，实施例1-3所制备的岩板的氨净化率较高，对比例1-3与实施例1相比，未添加羟基富勒烯增强蛋白石、改性氧化铝、膨润土和硅藻土任意一种原料组分，从测试结果可知，其氨净化率均不及实施例1，即本发明的优异的氨净化率是羟基富勒烯增强蛋白石、改性氧化铝、膨润土和硅藻土的综合作用结果，另外，本发明的抗弯强度与破坏强度均通过标准测试。
因此，本申请提供的一种具有氨净化功能的岩板，通过添加羟基富勒烯增强蛋白石，羟基富勒烯可自发的吸附在蛋白石硅羟基表面，为其增加更多的活性位点，其表面的羟基与NH3间的氢键作用，对氨气具有较强的吸附作用，并增加其对氨气的吸附能力，解决了现有技术缺乏对氨气吸附净化的岩板的技术问题，通过添加硅藻土，还可自发的对甲醛进行吸附降解，通过对氧化铝进行改性，巧妙地运用了氧化铝多孔隙的特点，且孔道规整性好，对NH3进入内部孔道有一定的促进作用，且羟基富勒烯增强蛋白石改性氧化铝复配，可降低团聚效应，提高整体的热稳定性，解决了氧化铝热稳定性差的问题，提高组分对氨气的吸附净化量，其制备方法，步骤简单便捷，适合工业化生产，符合绿色环保的需求，提高了各组分材料之间的流动性，羟基富勒烯增强蛋白石，加入后增大了材料成型后的力学性能，增强其在体系中的分散程度，提高对氨气的吸附量。
以上所述仅为本申请的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本申请，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种具有氨净化功能的岩板，其特征在于，按重量份数计，由以下组分制成：8~15份羟基富勒烯增强蛋白石、16~28份硅藻土、31~47份钾钠长石、13~20份叶腊石、3-5份膨润土、6~8份高岭土、10~20份改性氧化铝；
所述羟基富勒烯增强蛋白石的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）蛋白石的酸化：将蛋白石研磨成粉末，过800目筛，取10重量份的蛋白石粉末与200mL的4mol/L的硝酸溶液混合，在60℃的条件下搅拌4h，离心后干燥10h，研磨成粉末过100目筛，得酸化的蛋白石粉末；
（2）将步骤（1）中酸化的蛋白石粉末加入含有硅烷化改性处理剂的甲苯溶液中，于45℃的水浴锅中氮气的气氛中回流10h，回流完毕后，使用25%的甲醇洗涤2-3次，将洗涤物在80℃下干燥5h，得蛋白石介孔材料；
（3）将步骤（2）中所得的蛋白石介孔材料加入含有羟基富勒烯分子的溶液中，充分搅拌，于60-90℃的温度下水浴加热，调节pH值，抽滤2-3次，干燥24h，即得羟基富勒烯增强蛋白石。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有氨净化功能的岩板，其特征在于：所述步骤（2）中的硅烷化改性处理剂为带甲氧基、乙氧基、氨基的硅烷偶联剂中的任意一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的具有氨净化功能的岩板，其特征在于：所述步骤（2）中的甲苯溶液含有体积比16-20%的硅烷化改性处理剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的具有氨净化功能的岩板，其特征在于：所述步骤（3）中调节pH值至6-7。
5.根据权利要求1所述的具有氨净化功能的岩板，其特征在于：所述改性氧化铝的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（4）在含柠檬酸的水溶液中加入氧化铝颗粒浸渍12h，浸渍完成后，取出并于120℃下烘干，得氧化铝载体；
（5）将步骤（4）中的氧化铝载体加入100mL含1mol/L的活性稀土金属组分的水溶液中浸渍24h，浸渍完成后，取出并于120℃下烘干3-5h，高温煅烧5h，得含有负载稀土金属的氧化铝。
6.根据权利要求5所述的具有氨净化功能的岩板，其特征在于：所述步骤（5）中的活性稀土金属组分为比例1:1的硝酸镧和硝酸铈的混合物；
所述活性稀土金属组分与所述氧化铝载体的质量比为1:2-3。
7.根据权利要求5所述的具有氨净化功能的岩板，其特征在于：所述步骤（4）中氧化铝颗粒的晶体为γ型，其比表面积为150-350m2/g，平均孔径为5-20nm。
8.根据权利要求5所述的具有氨净化功能的岩板，其特征在于：所述步骤（5）中高温煅烧的温度增量为2-6℃/min，温度为700-800℃。
9.一种如权利要求1-8任一项所述的具有氨净化功能的岩板的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1：按原料重量份数称取羟基富勒烯增强蛋白石、硅藻土、钾钠长石、叶腊石、膨润土、高岭土、改性氧化铝土，混合8-12h，得混合浆料，经过筛、陈腐、喷雾干燥，得岩板坯粉料；
S2：将步骤S1中的岩板坯粉料经压机布料后压制成型，通过干燥窑干燥，得岩板生坯；
S3：将步骤S2中的岩板生坯表面进行处理，布施底釉，喷墨装饰，高温烧制成型，烧成温度为800～1100℃，烧成时间为130～160min，经冷却、磨边、抛光、打蜡、包装，即得所述具有氨净化功能的岩板。
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