CN116315548B - X-band Euler Loose knot circulator - Google Patents
X-band Euler Loose knot circulator Download PDFInfo
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- CN116315548B CN116315548B CN202310387590.7A CN202310387590A CN116315548B CN 116315548 B CN116315548 B CN 116315548B CN 202310387590 A CN202310387590 A CN 202310387590A CN 116315548 B CN116315548 B CN 116315548B
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- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/32—Non-reciprocal transmission devices
- H01P1/38—Circulators
- H01P1/383—Junction circulators, e.g. Y-circulators
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing waveguides or resonators, lines, or other devices of the waveguide type
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of microwaves, in particular to an X-band Euler junction circulator. The invention applies the Lorentz triangle structure in mathematics in the circulator, adopts the Lorentz triangle to form a three-dimensional center ferrite structure to form the Lorentz junction, and couples the three angles of the Lorentz junction to the three ports of the circulator, which is different from the center junction of the traditional circulator such as cylindrical ferrite. The characteristic that the lux triangle has the same width in any direction, can freely rotate between two parallel lines with the distance equal to the radius R of the circular arc of the lux triangle and always keeps contact with two straight lines is fully utilized; therefore, electromagnetic leakage can be reduced in the three-port SIW circulator, the size of the circulator is reduced, the cost is reduced, and high integration is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microwaves, in particular to an X-band Euler junction circulator.
Background
With the increasing development of wireless communication, there are great applications in the microwave frequency range of 7 to 12.4GHz, such as: space research, broadcast satellites, fixed communication service satellites, earth exploration satellites, meteorological satellites, and the like. The X wave band belongs to the microwave frequency band, microwaves are a ubiquitous technology, and the propagation of electromagnetic waves in free space is utilized to lay a foundation for developing radio, radar, television, long distance telephone, satellite communication links and wireless access systems, and can also be used for material characterization and analysis, cooking and industrial drying, radio astronomy and power transmission, so that the frequency band communication system has remarkable application value and research value.
A circulator, also called an isolator, is a multiport device, with a three-port circulator being the most commonly used type of circulator. The circulator has a unidirectional transmission function, and controls electromagnetic waves to be transmitted along a certain annular direction. The existing X-band circulator is mainly a metal waveguide circulator, adopts a rectangular waveguide as a transmission line, and is not in line with the trend of miniaturization and integration required by the prior art due to the large standard waveguide size (a×b=22.86×10.16 mm).
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems or the defects, the invention aims to provide an X-band Euler junction circulator, which solves the problems that the existing X-band cylindrical ferrite junction is large in size and electromagnetic waves are easy to leak, and realizes miniaturization, integration and high performance of the X-band circulator.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an X-band Euler junction circulator is of a three-port structure and comprises Euler junctions and three substrate integrated waveguides;
the three substrate integrated waveguide structures are identical and mutually form 120 degrees; one end of each of the three substrate integrated waveguides is respectively corresponding to three ports serving as a circulator, and the other end of each of the three substrate integrated waveguides is respectively connected with the Euler junction to form a Y-shaped structure.
The Euler junction is positioned at the center junction position of three mutually 120-degree substrate integrated waveguides, is a triangular column taking a Lelo triangle as a plane shape, and is a center ferrite junction of a three-dimensional structure; the thickness of the Euler junction is smaller than that of the dielectric layer of the substrate integrated waveguide, and the Euler junction is embedded in the dielectric layer of the substrate integrated waveguide and does not contact the upper metal layer and the lower metal layer of the substrate integrated waveguide.
The three angles of the Lorentzian triangle are respectively right relative to the central axes of the three substrate integrated waveguides, and the radii of circles corresponding to the three arc edges of the Lorentzian triangle are the same and 8-8.02 mm.
The design method of the X-band Euler junction circulator comprises the following steps:
step 1, according to the sizes of the traditional rectangular waveguide, designing the substrate integrated waveguide under the condition that radiation loss conditions are met through an equivalent formula, and determining the range of each size.
Step 2, designing a central junction of the Euler Loose junction according to the substrate integrated waveguide parameters designed in the step 1: determining a circle radius R and a height h corresponding to the arc edge of the Lerlo triangle of the ferrite material; the orthocenter of the Lorentz triangle is located at the center of the circulator (the distances to the three vertices of the Lorentz triangle are equal), and the three arc angles are opposite to the three ports.
And step 3, constructing the substrate integrated waveguide circulator according to the parameters obtained in the step 1 and the step 2, and optimizing the parameters through simulation software to ensure that the substrate integrated waveguide circulator has better transmission performance and isolation performance in a required frequency band.
Furthermore, when the simulation software is adopted to optimize the parameters in the step 3, a bias magnetic field with the direction perpendicular to the circulator is firstly applied to the euler junction, and then the parameters are optimized.
In the invention, the Euler Loose junction is a central ferrite junction of a three-dimensional structure formed by Loose triangles, the Loose triangles are also called as arc triangles, and the Loose triangles are special triangles, namely, curved edge triangles which are formed by the three sections of arcs are called as Loose triangles, wherein the vertexes of the regular triangles are used as circle centers, the side lengths of the regular triangles are used as radiuses, and the arcs are used as arcs. The characteristics of the lux triangle are: the same width in any direction, i.e. free to rotate between two parallel lines at a distance equal to the radius R of their circular arc (equal to the side length of the regular triangle), and always remain in contact with both straight lines. The invention can reduce electromagnetic leakage, reduce the volume of the circulator, reduce the cost and realize high integration when applied to a three-port SIW circulator.
In summary, the present invention adopts the structure of the triangular luxury column in the three-port circulator of the X-band, applies the triangular luxury structure in mathematics in the circulator, creates innovation in the traditional cylindrical structure, provides a new design concept, and designs a new three-port circulator; under the condition of meeting the performance requirement of the circulator, the miniaturization and integration of the circulator are better realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a substrate integrated waveguide in an X-band circulator of the invention;
FIG. 2 is S of a substrate integrated waveguide in an embodiment 11 A parameter graph;
FIG. 3 is S of a substrate integrated waveguide in an embodiment 21 A parameter graph;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a Lorentzian triangle in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an S of an X-band Euler junction circulator in an embodiment 11 A parameter graph;
FIG. 7 is an S of an X-band Euler junction circulator in an embodiment 11 、S 21 And S is 31 Parameter graphs.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
An X-band Euler junction circulator comprises three ports of a corresponding circulator of three substrate integrated waveguides which are mutually formed at 120 degrees; the ferrite center junction is of a structure of a Lenz triangle, three arc angle vertexes of the triangle are right opposite to the central axes of the three ports, and the arc angle of the triangle Cheng Leluo is designed to better reduce leakage of electromagnetic waves, and the structure is shown in fig. 5. A bias magnetic field is applied to the center junction of the ferrite in a direction perpendicular to the circulator. The normalized magnetization intensity is changed by adjusting the externally applied bias magnetic field, so that the normalized magnetization intensity generates a ring effect, and the application of higher frequency is completed. The invention uses the gyromagnetic characteristic of ferrite, rotates the transmission direction of the transmitted electromagnetic wave under the combined action of the wavelength and the externally applied magnetic field, and finally realizes the annular effect at three ports.
In this embodiment: the metal layer adopts copper, and the dielectric substrate adopts polytetrafluoroethylene polymer; the radius R=8 mm of the circle corresponding to the arc edge of the Lo triangle, and the height h=0.6 mm; the size parameters of the substrate integrated waveguide are as follows: the spacing w=17.1 mm of the two rows of metallized vias; metallized via diameter d=0.55 mm; dielectric substrate thickness t=0.8 mm; metal layer thickness tc=0.02 mm; the center-to-center spacing s=0.68 mm between adjacent metallized vias in the same row.
The design method of the X-band Euler junction circulator comprises the following steps:
step 1, designing a substrate integrated waveguide according to an equivalent formula of a traditional rectangular waveguide and the substrate integrated waveguide under the condition that radiation loss conditions and power are met, wherein the thickness t=0.8 mm of a dielectric substrate, the thickness of a dielectric layer is 0.02mm, and the interval w=17.1 mm between two rows of metalized through holes; metallized via diameter d=0.55 mm; the center-to-center spacing s=0.68 mm between adjacent metallized vias in the same row.
Step 2, designing a ferrite center junction: according to the formula of saturation magnetization: in the case of a low-field design, p is as large as possible but not too large in order to avoid low field losses, where p is the normalized magnetic moment, r is gyromagnetic ratio, f 0 Is the operating frequency.
As the invention designs the circulator in the X-band, the saturation magnetization of the ferrite is selected to be 4 pi M through comprehensive analysis s 2014Guass, the relative dielectric constant is 15, the radius of the circle corresponding to the arc edge of the Lerlo triangle is R=8mm, and h=0.6 mm; the externally-applied bias magnetic field enables the circulator to have better annular effect, so that the externally-applied bias magnetic field is preferentially adjusted to determine the externally-applied bias magnetic field H 0 =50000A/m; the radius of the ferrite center junction and the width of the substrate integrated waveguide have larger influence on the center frequency, when the two parameters are 8mm and w=17.1 mm, a better annular effect can be obtained, an S parameter diagram is observed, the isolation is 20dB in the frequency band of 10.06 dB-11.10 dB, the return loss is less than-20 dB, the insertion loss is less than-0.4 dB, and the effect is good. The S parameters of the sample of this example are shown in FIG. 7.
As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention applies the triangular structure of the lux triangle in mathematics in the circulator, and forms the three-dimensional central ferrite structure into the euler junction by using the lux triangle, and couples the three corners of the euler junction to the three ports of the circulator, which is different from the traditional circulator such as the central junction of the cylindrical ferrite. The characteristic that the lux triangle has the same width in any direction, can freely rotate between two parallel lines with the distance equal to the radius R of the circular arc of the lux triangle and always keeps contact with two straight lines is fully utilized; therefore, electromagnetic leakage can be reduced in the three-port SIW circulator, the size of the circulator is reduced, the cost is reduced, and high integration is realized. The center frequency of 10GHz is realized, 20dB isolation is achieved within the range of 10.06 dB-11.10 dB, the return loss is less than-20 dB, the insertion loss is less than-0.17 dB, and the annular effect of the circulator is better.
Claims (4)
1. An X wave band euler junction circulator is three-port structure, its characterized in that: the integrated waveguide comprises an Euler Locus junction and three substrate integrated waveguides;
the three substrate integrated waveguide structures are identical and mutually form 120 degrees; one end of each of the three substrate integrated waveguides is respectively corresponding to three ports serving as a circulator, and the other end of each of the three substrate integrated waveguides is respectively connected with the Euler junction to form a Y-shaped structure;
the Euler junction is positioned at the center junction position of three mutually 120-degree substrate integrated waveguides, is a triangular column taking a Lelo triangle as a plane shape, and is a center ferrite junction of a three-dimensional structure; the thickness of the Euler junction is smaller than that of the dielectric layer of the substrate integrated waveguide, and the Euler junction is embedded in the dielectric layer of the substrate integrated waveguide and does not contact the upper metal layer and the lower metal layer of the substrate integrated waveguide;
the three angles of the Lorentzian triangle are respectively right relative to the central axes of the three substrate integrated waveguides, and the radii of circles corresponding to the three arc edges of the Lorentzian triangle are the same and 8-8.02 mm.
2. The X-band euler junction circulator of claim 1 wherein:
the size parameters of the substrate integrated waveguide are as follows: the spacing w=17.1 mm of the two rows of metallized vias; metallized via diameter d=0.55 mm; dielectric substrate thickness t=0.8 mm; metal layer thickness tc=0.02 mm; center-to-center spacing s=0.68 mm for adjacent metallized vias in the same row; h=0.6mm, r=8mm, r is the radius of the circle corresponding to the arc of the triangular legend, and h is the height of the legend.
3. The method for designing an X-band euler junction circulator of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step 1, according to the sizes of the traditional rectangular waveguide, obtaining a designed substrate integrated waveguide under the condition of meeting the radiation loss condition through an equivalent formula, and determining the range of each size;
step 2, designing a central junction of the Euler Loose junction according to the substrate integrated waveguide parameters designed in the step 1: determining a circle radius R and a height h corresponding to the arc edge of the Lerlo triangle of the ferrite material;
and step 3, constructing the substrate integrated waveguide circulator according to the parameters obtained in the step 1 and the step 2, and optimizing the parameters through simulation software to ensure that the substrate integrated waveguide circulator has better transmission performance and isolation performance in a required frequency band.
4. A method of designing an X-band euler junction circulator as defined in claim 3, wherein: when the simulation software is adopted to optimize parameters in the step 3, a bias magnetic field with the direction perpendicular to the circulator is firstly applied to the Euler junction, and then the parameters are optimized.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310387590.7A CN116315548B (en) | 2023-04-12 | 2023-04-12 | X-band Euler Loose knot circulator |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310387590.7A CN116315548B (en) | 2023-04-12 | 2023-04-12 | X-band Euler Loose knot circulator |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN116315548A CN116315548A (en) | 2023-06-23 |
| CN116315548B true CN116315548B (en) | 2024-03-26 |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013173639A2 (en) * | 2012-05-18 | 2013-11-21 | Skyworks Solutions, Inc. | Apparatus and methods related to junction ferrite devices having improved insertion loss performance |
| CN103972626A (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2014-08-06 | 电子科技大学 | Triangular ferrite circulator with substrate integrated waveguide |
| CN105896011A (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2016-08-24 | 绵阳市耐特电子实业有限责任公司 | Design and calculation method for inner conductor of quasi-microstrip ferrite circulator |
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| JP2019134337A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2019-08-08 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Non-reciprocal circuit device and high-frequency front-end circuit module |
| CN114256576A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-03-29 | 电子科技大学 | D-band Tesla node coupling structure |
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2023
- 2023-04-12 CN CN202310387590.7A patent/CN116315548B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
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| CN105896011A (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2016-08-24 | 绵阳市耐特电子实业有限责任公司 | Design and calculation method for inner conductor of quasi-microstrip ferrite circulator |
| WO2019118870A1 (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2019-06-20 | Trak Microwave Corporation | Broadband circulator and method of manufacturing the same |
| JP2019134337A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2019-08-08 | 株式会社村田製作所 | Non-reciprocal circuit device and high-frequency front-end circuit module |
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