CN116295820A - Cascade integrating sphere light source - Google Patents
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Abstract
The utility model relates to an optical remote sensing technical field specifically is a cascading integrating sphere light source, including a plurality of integrating spheres cascade connection formation integrating sphere chain, the light inlet of nth level integrating sphere and the light outlet butt joint of nth-1 level integrating sphere can realize wide dynamic range's even radiance output under the prerequisite that does not change light source colour temperature.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of optical remote sensing, and particularly relates to a cascading integrating sphere light source.
Background
The integrating sphere light source is widely used for testing and calibrating the radiation response performance of an optical remote sensor (especially an earth observation remote sensing instrument), but when the integrating sphere light source is manufactured or used in the past, the surface uniformity, the lambertian cosine characteristic and the stability of the integrating sphere light source are mainly focused, and the integrating sphere light source has single function and relatively simple structure and is difficult to meet the application requirements at present. In addition, the performance of the device cannot meet the requirement of calibration precision.
Along with the quantification and the refinement development of remote sensing application, the precision and the functional requirements of calibration/test before delivery are also higher and higher in the remote sensor development stage. The multispectral camera needs a calibration light source to simulate the color temperature of natural light to perform a white balance test so as to ensure that the color image acquired on the track is as close as possible to the real color of a ground scene; astronomical telescope and astronomical camera need to use integrating sphere light source and collimator to simulate the illumination of star to adjust and determine imaging parameters and make flat field correction; the low-light night vision camera requires a calibration light source to simulate the brightness of a target scene under low light to test and determine the responsivity or sensitivity of the camera; the overall unit of earth-looking remote sensors and the user are concerned about the signal-to-noise ratio at different solar altitude and ground albedo, which requires that the integrating sphere light source be capable of simulating the corresponding entrance pupil radiance. In summary, the requirements of integrating sphere calibration light sources in different applications are not the same, but these are ultimately attributed to the increasingly higher requirements on color temperature, dynamic range and versatility of the light sources. Therefore, how to realize the universal calibration light source with wide dynamic range and uniform radiation brightness output, which is used for the radiation response performance test and flat field correction of the glimmer imaging system and the photoelectric telescope, can be matched with the collimator to verify the detection capability of the photoelectric telescope star and the like, and becomes the problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure to provide a cascaded integrating sphere light source capable of achieving a uniform radiance output of a wide dynamic range without changing the color temperature of the light source.
To solve the above technical problems, one or more embodiments of the present specification are implemented as follows:
in a first aspect, a cascaded integrating sphere light source is provided, which is characterized by comprising a plurality of integrating spheres which are cascaded to form an integrating sphere chain, wherein a light inlet of an nth stage integrating sphere is in butt joint with a light outlet of an n-1 th stage integrating sphere.
As can be seen from the technical solutions provided by one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the cascade integrating sphere light source provided by the embodiments of the present invention can obtain an output of wide dynamic range radiation brightness or radiation illuminance covering a wide dynamic range for observing entrance pupil radiation brightness from low light to ground, such as an analog common star, by means of cascade connection of a plurality of integrating spheres, and has the advantages of high precision, wide dynamic range, good reliability, high light energy utilization efficiency, strong versatility, and the like. In addition, the PTFE powder is adopted to press and sinter the inner wall reflecting layer of the integrating sphere at high temperature, so that the high reflectivity is ensured, meanwhile, the high chemical stability is also realized, the reflectivity cannot be attenuated with time, and the light energy utilization efficiency and the consistency of the color temperature can be well ensured. Furthermore, the cascade integrating sphere light source can be matched with different types of monitoring detectors and picometers so as to meet the test requirements of ultraviolet to short-wave infrared spectrum, and the application range and the dynamic range of the cascade integrating sphere light source are greatly expanded.
Drawings
For a clearer description of one or more embodiments of the present description or of the solutions of the prior art, reference will be made below to the accompanying drawings which are used in the description of one or more embodiments or of the prior art, it being apparent that the drawings in the description below are only some of the embodiments described in the description, from which, without inventive faculty, other drawings can also be obtained for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cascaded integrating sphere light source provided in accordance with the present invention;
reference numerals: the device comprises a variable diaphragm-1, a satellite ball-2, a jet fan-3, a first luminous light source-4, a light outlet-5, a Pian meter-6, a monitoring detector-7 and a connecting flange-8.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solutions in this specification, a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in one or more embodiments of this specification will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings in one or more embodiments of this specification, and it is apparent that the one or more embodiments described are only a part of embodiments of this specification, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one or more embodiments of the present disclosure without inventive faculty, are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
The cascade integrating sphere light source provided by the embodiment of the invention can realize uniform radiation brightness output with a wide dynamic range on the premise of not changing the color temperature of the light source. The cascaded integrating sphere light source provided in the present specification and its respective parts will be described in detail below.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a cascaded integrating sphere light source provided by an embodiment of the invention includes a plurality of integrating spheres connected in cascade to form an integrating sphere chain, and a light inlet of an nth stage integrating sphere is in butt joint with a light outlet of an n-1 th stage integrating sphere. The light outlet of the integrating sphere is connected with the light inlet of the last integrating sphere through a flange, the flange can be made of metal materials such as aluminum alloy, and the high-reflectivity materials are sprayed on the surface of the flange or are directly manufactured by a Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hot-press molding process, so that the loss caused by energy absorption can be reduced as much as possible, and the light energy utilization efficiency is improved. The integrating sphere chain is formed by adopting a mode of cascade connection of a plurality of integrating spheres, and the variation range of the incident radiation flux is improved by adjusting the input optical radiation of each stage of integrating spheres in the integrating sphere chain, so that the dynamic range of the optical radiation output by the integrating sphere chain is expanded.
Optionally, in the cascaded integrating sphere light source provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the radiation brightness output by the light outlet of the nth stage integrating sphere is:
wherein n is more than or equal to 4;
to turn on the first-stage integrating sphereTotal radiant flux entering the integrating sphere chain when the light source is built in;A o the opening area of the light outlet of the integrating sphere; a is that s Is the inner surface area of the integrating sphere; />
The average reflectivity of the inner wall coating material of the integrating sphere; the opening ratio f is the ratio of the opening area of the integrating sphere to the inner surface area, and +.>
。
The derivation of the above formula can be based on the principle of integrating sphere, when the radiation brightness of the single integrating sphere light source is outputL s Expressed by the formula:
wherein:
A s -integrating sphere inner surface area;
f-the ratio of the opening area of the integrating sphere to the area of the inner surface, the ratio of opening for short.
As can be seen from equation (2), the radiance of the single integrating sphere output light depends on the total radiant flux entering the integrating sphere, the inner surface area of the integrating sphere, the reflectivity of the inner surface coating, and the opening ratio, so its dynamic range, i.e., the radiance variation range of the integrating sphere output, depends on the four elements. The smaller the inner surface area of the integrating sphere, the larger the output radiation brightness under the same incident radiation flux; the higher the reflectivity of the inner wall coating and the smaller the opening ratio, the higher the radiation brightness of the integrating sphere light source. The size of the opening of the integrating sphere is usually determined by the caliber of the optical load to be tested, namely the caliber of the optical load can be covered, and in order to ensure the uniformity of the light radiation output by the integrating sphere, the size of the opening is limited by the opening ratio not exceeding 5 percent. Once the integrating sphere structure is determined, the opening ratio and the inner surface area are fixed and unchangeable.
Based on the above consideration, the embodiment of the invention adopts a mode of cascade connection of a plurality of integrating spheres to improve the variation range of the incident radiation flux, thereby changing the dynamic range of the output radiation brightness of the integrating sphere chain.
For an integrating sphere chain formed by cascade connection of a plurality of integrating spheres, the total radiant flux of the integrating sphere chain is assumed to be as follows, assuming that only the built-in light source of the first-stage integrating sphere is turned on
The radiant flux of the first-stage integrating sphere incident on the second-stage integrating sphere is:
wherein:
A o light exit area of integrating sphere.
The radiant flux from the second stage integrating sphere into the third stage integrating sphere is:
by analogy, the output radiance of a calibration light source consisting of n cascaded integrating spheres is determined by the formula (1):
the opening ratio can be set
Not more than 5% by weight, as estimated by the case where the opening is 1/3 of the diameter of the integrating sphere, the opening ratio of the first-stage integrating spherefOpening of integrating sphere of 2 nd to nth stage = 2.778%Ratio is 2fThe average reflectivity of the inner wall coating material of the integrating sphere can be estimated at 0.98, and the magnification obtained by cascading four such integrating spheres is 4.06, which is reduced by about 1/5 compared with the magnification of 20.75 of a single integrating sphere, which means that the optical radiation finally output when the built-in light source of the first-stage integrating sphere is independently lighted is equivalent to 1/5 of that of the single integrating sphere. If the power of the first luminous source with the same power is similar to that of the second luminous source, the radiation brightness of the final integrating sphere is improved by at least one time. In summary, the dynamic range of the four integrating spheres after cascading is at least expanded by more than 10 times. According to specific application requirements, the first light-emitting source can flexibly adopt various types of light sources such as: xenon lamps, metal halide lamps, LEDs, etc.
Optionally, the cascading integrating sphere light source provided by the embodiment of the invention is prepared by pressing Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) powder and sintering at a high temperature. PTFE is used as the inner wall material of the integrating sphere, the PTFE powder is pressed and sintered at high temperature, the chemical stability is very good, the reflectivity of visible near infrared spectrum is flat, the average reflectivity is more than 98%, the absorption loss of light radiation can be reduced to the greatest extent, and the color temperature of the light source is not changed basically. And secondly, the color temperature consistency, stability and light energy utilization efficiency of the light radiation output by the integrating sphere can be ensured by the inner wall coating material of the integrating sphere formed by pressing PTFE powder and sintering at high temperature.
In a word, the material pressed by PTFE powder and sintered at high temperature is used as the inner wall coating material of the integrating sphere, so that the high reflectivity is ensured, meanwhile, the material has extremely high chemical stability, the reflectivity cannot be attenuated with time, and the light energy utilization efficiency and the color temperature consistency can be well ensured.
Optionally, the cascade integrating sphere light source provided by the embodiment of the invention can realize the radiation brightness with a wide dynamic range, and the cascade integrating sphere light source can also comprise a satellite integrating sphere, a variable diaphragm, a monitoring detector, a picoammeter, a power supply, a jet fan and the like. The power supply is used for supplying power to a built-in power supply, a variable diaphragm, a monitoring detector, a Pian meter, a jet fan and the like in the integrating sphere.
Further, in the cascade integrating sphere light source provided by the embodiment of the invention, the first-stage integrating sphere is provided with the satellite sphere and the variable diaphragm, the second luminous light source is arranged in the satellite sphere, the light outlet of the satellite sphere is communicated to the inside of the 1 st-stage integrating sphere, and the radiation flux entering the first-stage integrating sphere from the light outlet of the satellite sphere is regulated by regulating the size of the variable diaphragm. The dynamic range of the output radiation brightness of the integrating sphere chain can be secondarily improved by adopting the satellite integrating sphere and the variable diaphragm, and the variable diaphragm is driven by the stepping motor to change the radiation flux of the satellite sphere entering the first-stage integrating sphere, so that the dynamic range of the radiation flux can be further improved. The stepping motor can finely adjust the radiant flux of the satellite ball entering the first-stage integrating sphere by changing the size of the variable diaphragm, so that the dynamic range of the radiant brightness output by the cascade integrating sphere light source is further enlarged. The power of the first light emitting source may be the same as the power of the second light emitting source.
The wide dynamic range radiance or radiance output covering the radiance of the low light to ground observation entrance pupil of the simulated ordinary star and the like can be obtained through the mode of cascading a plurality of integrating spheres and connecting the satellite spheres.
Optionally, in the cascaded integrating sphere light source provided by the embodiment of the invention, a jet fan is arranged on the integrating sphere, and heat generated when the first light-emitting light source works is conducted to the wall of the integrating sphere. The jet fan has the function of timely taking away heat radiation generated by the operation of the first luminous source or heat conducted to the wall of the integrating sphere so as to maintain the heat balance state of the integrating sphere to enable the integrating sphere to emit light stably. The high-efficiency heat dissipation efficiency and the reliability of the jet fan ensure the heat dissipation effect of the cascade integrating sphere light source;
optionally, the cascade integrating sphere light source provided by the embodiment of the invention can be matched with different types of monitoring detectors and picometers to meet the test requirements of ultraviolet to short-wave infrared spectrum, and greatly expands the application range and dynamic range of the cascade integrating sphere light source. Specifically, a monitoring detector can be arranged on the final integrating sphere and connected to the Pian meter, the monitoring detector monitors the radiation brightness value output by the light outlet of the final integrating sphere, the gain of the Pian meter can be automatically adjusted, and the monitoring of the dynamic range of the radiation brightness of the light output by the final integrating sphere can be realized by matching with the monitoring detector. The change range of the self output photoelectric current value of the monitoring detector is limited, and the change of the radiation brightness of the light outlet of the final integrating sphere is adapted by means of the built-in data acquisition of the Piampere meter and the automatic gain function of the amplifier, so that the dynamic monitoring of the change range of the output brightness of the matching integrating sphere can be realized.
Wherein the type of monitor detector is selectable in accordance with the spectral range of the optical radiation output by the final integrating sphere and is matched to the type of first light-emitting source. The monitoring detector is used for monitoring the output radiation value and the stability of the final integrating sphere in real time, and can realize more than 10 by matching with the Pian meter with automatically adjustable gain 12 The dynamic range of the monitoring system can completely cover the dynamic range of the output radiation brightness of the cascade integrating sphere. In addition, by tracing or calibrating the radiation value of the monitoring detector, the radiation brightness of the integrating sphere light source, the radiation illuminance or illuminance at the light outlet and other absolute radiation values can be monitored, so that the application range of quantitative calibration is widened. The type of monitoring detector may be selected based on the tested spectral range and matched to the type of first source of illumination, for example: for the visible light to near infrared spectrum, a silicon photodiode detector is adopted properly; for the short wave infrared spectrum, lead sulfide PbS or InGaAs detector should be adopted; for ultraviolet application, an ultraviolet detector is needed, and correspondingly, an ultraviolet light source such as a xenon lamp, a deuterium lamp and the like is also needed as the built-in light source. The monitoring detector and the Pian meter are combined to match the output of the cascade integrating sphere with wide dynamic range, so that the monitoring capability is improved.
Optionally, the inner surface of the integrating sphere is spherical, and the shell of each stage of integrating sphere can be made into a cube, so that the light source of the cascade integrating sphere is convenient to disassemble and assemble and can be flexibly combined into different numbers of cascade integrating spheres. The shell is made of aluminum alloy, so that the shell is light in weight and not easy to rust. The PTFE coating material on the inner wall of the integrating sphere is processed and manufactured according to the different sizes of the integrating sphere, for example, the size of the integrating sphere is not more than 300mm, the integrating sphere can be directly pressed and sintered at high temperature to form a cube lump material with the size not less than the inner diameter of the integrating sphere, then the lump material is divided into two parts averagely and is respectively processed into a structure with a hemispherical cavity in a numerical control mode, after the integrating sphere is manufactured, two hemispheres formed by an aluminum alloy shell are integrated together to form a complete spherical cavity, and a light outlet can be finally cut. The thickness of the PTFE coating material on the inner wall of the integrating sphere should be not too thin, at least 10mm thickness should be ensured, otherwise, a certain loss of transmitted light energy is caused. The integrating sphere with larger size can be processed into a plurality of hexagonal sphere segments according to the curvature radius of the inner surface of the metal shell, then the inner wall of the integrating sphere is spliced, and the joint between the segments can not disappear after being polished by fine sand paper, so that the integral effect is not affected.
Furthermore, in the cascading integrating sphere light source provided by the embodiment of the invention, the shell of the integrating sphere can be a metal shell, and the outer surface of the metal shell is subjected to sand blasting and oxidation blackening treatment. The outer surface of the metal spherical shell of each level of integrating sphere is subjected to sand blasting and oxidation blackening treatment so as to improve the radiation heat dissipation effect and reduce the influence of stray light on the test.
From the above analysis, it can be seen that the cascade integrating sphere light source provided by the embodiment of the invention can obtain the output of wide dynamic range radiation brightness or radiation illuminance covering the range from low light to earth observation of entrance pupil radiation brightness like an ordinary star by the cascade connection of a plurality of integrating spheres, and has the advantages of high precision, wide dynamic range, good reliability, high light energy utilization efficiency, strong universality and the like. In addition, the PTFE powder is adopted to press and sinter the inner wall reflecting layer of the integrating sphere at high temperature, so that the high reflectivity is ensured, meanwhile, the high chemical stability is also realized, the reflectivity cannot be attenuated with time, and the light energy utilization efficiency and the consistency of the color temperature can be well ensured. Furthermore, the cascade integrating sphere light source can be matched with different types of monitoring detectors and picometers so as to meet the test requirements of ultraviolet to short-wave infrared spectrum, and the application range and the dynamic range of the cascade integrating sphere light source are greatly expanded.
In summary, the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present specification should be included in the protection scope of the present specification.
The systems, devices, modules, or units illustrated in one or more of the embodiments described above may be implemented in particular by a computer chip or entity, or by a product having some function. One typical implementation is a computer. In particular, the computer may be, for example, a personal computer, a laptop computer, a cellular telephone, a camera phone, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant, a media player, a navigation device, an email device, a game console, a tablet computer, a wearable device, or a combination of any of these devices.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article or apparatus that comprises the element.
In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and identical and similar parts of each embodiment are all referred to each other, and each embodiment mainly describes differences from other embodiments. In particular, for system embodiments, since they are substantially similar to method embodiments, the description is relatively simple, as relevant to see a section of the description of method embodiments.
Claims (10)
1. The cascade integrating sphere light source is characterized by comprising a plurality of integrating spheres which are connected in cascade to form an integrating sphere chain, wherein the light inlet of an nth stage integrating sphere is in butt joint with the light outlet of an n-1 th stage integrating sphere.
2. The cascade integrating sphere light source of claim 1, wherein the output radiance of the light outlet of the nth stage integrating sphere is:
wherein n is more than or equal to 4;
the total radiant flux entering the integrating sphere chain when a first luminous source is built in the first-stage integrating sphere is started;A o the opening area of the light outlet of the integrating sphere is; a is that s An inner surface area of the integrating sphere; />
An average reflectivity of the inner wall coating material of the integrating sphere; the opening ratio f is the ratio of the opening area of the integrating sphere to the inner surface area, and +.>
。
3. The cascaded integrating sphere light source of claim 2 wherein the first light emitting source of close power is turned on inside each stage of the integrating sphere on the chain of integrating spheres.
4. A cascading integrating sphere light source according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the inner wall coating material of the integrating sphere is made of polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE powder by pressing and sintering at high temperature.
5. The cascade integrating sphere light source of claim 4, wherein a satellite sphere and a variable diaphragm are arranged on the first-stage integrating sphere, a second luminous light source is arranged in the satellite sphere, a light outlet of the satellite sphere is communicated to the inside of the 1 st-stage integrating sphere, and the radiation flux entering the first-stage integrating sphere from the light outlet of the satellite sphere is adjusted by adjusting the size of the variable diaphragm.
6. The cascade integrating sphere light source of claim 4, wherein a jet fan is provided on the integrating sphere to conduct heat generated by the first light source during operation to a wall of the integrating sphere.
7. The cascade integrating sphere light source of claim 4, wherein a monitoring detector is provided on the last integrating sphere, the monitoring detector is connected to a pico-ampere meter, the monitoring detector monitors the radiance value output by the light outlet of the last integrating sphere, the gain of the pico-ampere meter is automatically adjustable, and the monitoring detector can monitor the dynamic range of the radiance output by the light outlet of the last integrating sphere.
8. The cascade integrating sphere light source of claim 7, wherein the type of monitor detector is selectable according to a spectral range of the radiant brightness output from the light outlet of the final integrating sphere and matches the type of the first light-emitting light source.
9. The cascade integrating sphere light source of claim 1, wherein the inner surface of the integrating sphere is spherical and the housing of the integrating sphere is square.
10. The cascade integrating sphere light source of claim 9, wherein the shell of the integrating sphere is a metal shell, and the outer surface of the metal shell is subjected to sand blasting and oxidation blackening treatment.
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