CN116294433A - 一种空分装置及利用空分装置提纯氧气、氮气的工艺 - Google Patents

一种空分装置及利用空分装置提纯氧气、氮气的工艺 Download PDF

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CN116294433A
CN116294433A CN202310292930.8A CN202310292930A CN116294433A CN 116294433 A CN116294433 A CN 116294433A CN 202310292930 A CN202310292930 A CN 202310292930A CN 116294433 A CN116294433 A CN 116294433A
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air
nitrogen
tower
liquid
central control
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CN116294433B (zh
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贾小虎
史亚军
郝彩云
左进春
曹玉凤
周伟
高磊
高鹏飞
苏得霆
韩芳
宋川楠
刘雪兵
卢刘波
张敬伟
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Jungar Dingcheng Gas Co ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
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    • B01D53/02Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
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Abstract

本发明涉及空气分离技术领域,尤其涉及一种空分装置及利用空分装置提纯氧气、氮气的工艺,包括:空气过滤模块、空气压缩模块、空冷塔、分子筛吸附器、增压压缩机、增压膨胀模块、分馏模块以及中控模块。本发明通过使用中控模块用以在分馏模块在单位时间内初步精馏产出的纯氮气的量不符合标准时根据分馏模块初步精馏后产出的污液氮和富氧液空的量对分馏模块单位时间内产出纯氮气量不符合标准的原因进行初步判定,以及,根据实际判定的原因将对应设备的运行参数调节至对应值,有效提高了氮气的提纯效率。

Description

一种空分装置及利用空分装置提纯氧气、氮气的工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及空气分离技术领域,尤其涉及一种空分装置及利用空分装置提纯氧气、氮气的工艺。
背景技术
空分装置就是用于将空气中的各组分气体分离,以获取氧气、氮气、氩气等气体的工业设备。目前,最常用的空气分离方法是低温精馏法,即采用压缩循环深度冷冻的方法把空气变成液态,根据空气中各组分的沸点不同,通过低温精馏从液态空气中逐步分离生产出氧气、氮气及氩气等惰性气体。
空气精馏的原理为:因沸点的差异,氧、氮、氩的蒸发顺序为:氮>氩>氧,冷凝顺序为:氧>氩>氮;如果将温度较高的饱和蒸汽和温度较低的饱和液体相接触时,则蒸汽放出热量而部分冷凝,而液体则吸收热量而部分蒸发;蒸汽部分冷凝时,蒸汽中高沸点氧组分较多的冷凝到液相,同样液相中的低沸点氮组分较多的蒸发到气相,使得气相中的氮组分浓度提高,液相中的氧组分浓度提高;如果进行多次这样的部分蒸发和部分冷凝过程,则气相中的氮组分浓度不断增加,同时液相中的氧组分浓度不断增加,最终达到氮气、氧气分离的目的。而实现精馏的主要设备为精馏塔,塔内的每块塔板都提供一次气液接触而发生部分蒸发和部分冷凝的场所,最终在塔顶得到高纯度的氮气产品,而在塔底得到高纯度的氧气产品。
中国专利公开号:CN105466154B,公开了一种空分工艺方法,本发明属于空气分离领域,它为了解决现有空分工艺方法生产的氧气纯度不高的问题。工艺方法:一、过滤空气,然后进入空压机压缩,压缩后的空气在冷却塔中冷却、洗涤;二、纯化空气一部分冷却至露点后进入下塔底部,另一部分纯化空气流入增压压缩机增压,增压后的空气分成二路,一路空气经膨胀制冷后送入上塔,二路空气经换热器后流入下塔;三、空气在下塔中初步精馏,液空经过冷器后进入上塔,液氧一部分送入贮存系统,另一部分复热后进入氧气管网;四、从上塔中部抽取氩馏分送入粗氩塔,从精馏塔的上塔顶部抽取的纯氮气经过冷器后进入换热器,然后送入水冷塔和用户管网。由此可见,所述发明存在以下问题:没有关注空分过程中各部件工作参数调整不合理导致的制氮效率低的问题。
发明内容
为此,本发明提供一种空分装置及利用空分装置提纯氧气、氮气的工艺,用以克服现有技术中空分过程中因各部件工作参数调整不合理导致的制氮效率低的问题。
一方面,本发明提供一种空分装置,包括:
空气过滤模块,用以过滤原料空气中的灰尘和机械杂质;
空气压缩模块,其与所述空气过滤模块相连,包括若干用以对空气过滤模块输出的过滤后的空气进行多级压缩的透平空气压缩机以及若干分别设置在相邻两透平空气压缩机之间以冷却对应透平空气压缩机压缩后空气的级间冷却器;
空冷塔,其与所述空气压缩模块相连,用以冷却和洗涤空气压缩模块输出的空气;
分子筛吸附器,其与所述空冷塔相连,用以吸附空气中的二氧化碳、碳氢化合物和水分;
增压压缩机,其设置在所述分子筛吸附器输出端,用以对分子筛吸附器输出的纯化空气进行压缩处理,在增压压缩机末级设有冷却器,用以冷却增压空气;
增压膨胀模块,其与所述增压压缩机相连,包括用以对增压压缩机输出的增压空气进行增压的增压机、与增压机相连以驱动增压机的透平机以及用以对增压后的空气进行冷却的增压机后冷却器;
分馏模块,其分别与所述分子筛吸附器、所述增压压缩机以及所述增压膨胀模块相连,用以分别接收所述冷却器输出的压缩后的纯化空气、所述分子筛吸附器输出纯化空气以及所述增压机后冷却器输出的膨胀制冷后空气并对压缩后的纯化空气、纯化空气以及膨胀制冷后空气进行初步精馏以获取纯氮气,以及,对初步精馏后产出的污液氮和富氧液空进行二次精馏以获取低压氮气和液氧;
中控模块,其分别与所述空气压缩模块、所述分子筛吸附器、所述增压压缩机、所述增压膨胀模块以及所述分馏模块中的对应设备相连,用以在分馏模块在单位时间内初步精馏产出的纯氮气的量不符合标准时根据分馏模块初步精馏后产出的污液氮和富氧液空的量对分馏模块单位时间内产出纯氮气量不符合标准的原因进行初步判定,以及,根据实际判定的原因将对应设备的运行参数调节至对应值。
进一步地,所述分馏模块包括:
低压主换热器,其与所述分子筛吸附器相连,用以接收分子筛吸附器输出的部分纯化空气并对纯化空气进行换热以将其冷却至对应温度;
高压主换热器,其与所述冷却器相连,用以接收所述冷却器输出的冷却后的高压空气,并对其进行换热以生成液化高压空气;
下塔,其分别与所述低压主换热器、所述高压主换热器以及所述增压机后冷却器相连,用以接收低压主换热器输出的冷却后的纯化空气、所述高压主换热器输出的液化高压空气以及所述增压机后冷却器输出的膨胀制冷后空气,并对压缩后的纯化空气、纯化空气以及膨胀制冷后空气进行初步精馏以获取纯氮气;
主冷凝蒸发器,其与所述下塔相连,用以接收和冷却所述下塔输出的纯氮气以生成液氮,并将部分液氮回流至所述下塔以作为下塔的回流液;所述主冷凝蒸发器还与所述高压主换热器通过液氮泵相连,用以将液氮输送至高压主换热器以使液氮与高压主换热器中的冷却后的高压空气进行换热;
过冷器,其与所述下塔相连,用以接收所述下塔初步精馏过程中产生的污液氮和富氧液空并分别对污液氮和富氧液空进行过冷处理;
上塔,其分别与所述主冷凝蒸发器和所述过冷器相连,用以接收过冷器输出的过冷后的污液氮和过冷后的富氧液空,并对过冷后的污液氮和过冷后的富氧液空进行二次精馏以生成液氧和低压氮气;所述上塔将液氧输送至所述主冷凝蒸发器以使主冷凝蒸发器使用液氧与所述下塔输出的纯氮气进行换热,上塔将所述低压氮气以及二次精馏后产生的污氮气输送至所述过冷器以使过冷器对低压氮气和污氮气分别进行复热处理;
第一冷箱,其分别与所述高压主换热器以及所述过冷器相连,用以接收和存储高压主换热器输出的复热后液氮以及过冷器输出的液氮;
第二冷箱,其与所述主冷凝蒸发器相连,用以接收和存储主冷凝蒸发器输出的液氧。
进一步地,所述高压主换热器还分别与所述主冷凝蒸发器和所述过冷器相连,用以分别接收主冷凝蒸发器输出的液氧并接收过冷器输出的低压氮气并分别对液氧和低压氮气进行复热处理,并将复热后低压氮气和复热后氧气输送至用户管网;
所述低压主换热器分别与所述过冷器、所述分子筛吸附器以及所述水冷塔相连,用以接收过冷器输出的污氮气并对污氮气进行复热处理,低压主换热器将复热后的污氮气分别输送至分子筛吸附器和水冷塔,一部分用作分子筛吸附器再生气,其余进入水冷塔制冷;
所述过冷器分别与所述主冷凝蒸发器和所述上塔相连,用以接收主冷凝蒸发器输出的液氮并将输送至所述冷箱中的部分液氮回流至上塔。
进一步地,所述主冷凝蒸发器与所述下塔之间设有第一阀门;所述主冷凝蒸发器与所述液氮泵之间设有第一阀门;所述主冷凝蒸发器与所述过冷器之间设有第三阀门。
进一步地,所述中控模块周期性检测所述下塔输出的氮原子的物质的量N,并将其与中控模块中的预设氮原子物质的量N0进行比对,以对原料的输送量是否符合标准进行判定,中控模块将下塔顶部输出的纯氮气中的氮原子的物质的量记为Na,将下塔下部输出的污液氮中的氮原子的物质的量记为Nb,将下塔底部输出的富氧液空中的氮原子的物质的量记为Nc,设定,N=Na+Nb+Nc,
若N≥N0,所述中控模块判定原料的输送量符合预设标准,并将Na与中控单元中预设值进行比对以对下塔的精馏温度T进行调节;
若N<N0,所述中控模块判定原料的输送量不符合预设标准,中控模块计算预设氮原子物质的量N0与下塔输出的氮原子的物质的量N的差值△N,并将△N与中控模块中的预设值进行比对以将所述透平空气压缩机的功率调节至对应值。
进一步地,所述中控模块在第一预设条件下将Na与中控单元中预设值进行比对以对下塔的精馏温度T进行调节,中控模块中设有第一纯氮气氮原子含量Na1、第二纯氮气氮原子含量Na2、第一预设温度调节系数α1以及第二预设温度调节系数α2,其中,Na1<Na2,1<α1<α2<1.5,
若Na≤Na1,所述中控模块使用α2将下塔的精馏温度调节至T’,设定T’=T×α2;
若Na1<Na≤Na2,所述中控模块使用α1将下塔的精馏温度调节至T’,设定T’=T×α1;
若Na>Na2,所述中控模块判定所述下塔顶部输出的纯氮气中的氮原子的物质的量符合预设标准,不对下塔的精馏温度进行调节;
所述第一预设条件为所述下塔输出的氮原子的物质的量N满足N≥N0。
进一步地,所述中控模块在第二预设条件下计算预设氮原子物质的量N0与下塔输出的氮原子的物质的量N的差值△N,并将△N与中控模块中的预设值进行比对以将所述透平空气压缩机的功率W调节至对应值,设定△N=N0-N,中控模块中设有第一预设氮原子物质的量差值△N1、第二预设氮原子物质的量差值△N2、第一预设压缩机功率调节系数β1、第二预设压缩机功率调节系数β2以及第三预设压缩机功率调节系数β3,其中,△N1<△N2,1<β1<β2<β3<1.3,
若△N≤△N1,所述中控模块使用β1将所述透平空气压缩机的功率调节至W’,设定W’=W×β1;
若△N1<△N≤△N2,所述中控模块使用β2将所述透平空气压缩机的功率调节至W’,设定W’=W×β2;
若△N>△N2,所述中控模块使用β3将所述透平空气压缩机的功率调节至W’,设定W’=W×β3;
所述第二预设条件为所述下塔输出的氮原子的物质的量N满足N<N0。
进一步地,所述中控模块周期性检测所述第一冷箱中液氮的量L,并将其与中控模块中的预设值进行比对以将各个阀门的开度Vai调节至对应值,中控模块中设置有第一预设液氮量L1、第二预设液氮量L2,其中,L1<L2,
若L≤L1,所述中控模块将第一阀门的开度调节至Va1’,设定Va1’=0.6×Va1,将第二阀门的开度调节至Va2’,设定Va2’=1.3×Va2,将第三阀门的开度调节至Va3’,设定Va3’=0.8×Va3;
若L1<L≤L2,所述中控模块将第一阀门的开度调节至Va1’,设定Va1’=0.8×Va1,将第二阀门的开度调节至Va2’,设定Va2’=1.2×Va2,将第三阀门的开度调节至Va3’,设定Va3’=0.9×Va3;
若L>L2,所述中控模块将第一阀门的开度调节至Va1’,设定Va1’=1.1×Va1,将第二阀门的开度调节至Va2’,设定Va2’=0.9×Va2,将第三阀门的开度调节至Va3’,设定Va3’=1.1×Va3。
进一步地,所述空分装置还包括与所述高压主换热器相连用以对冷却后的空气进行膨胀制冷的透平膨胀机,用以对所述上塔输送来的污氮气进行热质交换冷却的水冷塔,与所述水冷塔相连用以对冷却后的污氮气进行进一步冷却的冷水机组,与所述冷水机组相连用以对冷却后的污氮气进行加压的水泵。
另一方面,本发明还提供一种使用上述空分装置提纯氧气、氮气的工艺,包括如下步骤:
S1:原料空气进入空气过滤模块过滤掉空气中的灰尘和机械杂质,过滤后的空气进入空气压缩模块;
S2:压缩后的空气自下而上穿过所述空冷塔,在空冷塔中冷却的同时进行洗涤,得到洁净空气进入分子筛吸附器;
S3:由所述空冷塔输送来的洗涤后的洁净空气进入分子筛吸附器,吸附除去空气中的二氧化碳、碳氢化合物和水分后,一部分空气进入增压压缩机增压以用作仪表空气、装置空气,其余全部进入分馏塔模块的低压主换热器,冷却到接近露点后与膨胀制冷后的空气汇合进入下塔参与精馏;
S4:分子筛吸附器输出的纯化空气在增压压缩机中增压得到增压空气,增压空气分为三股,第一股、第二股增压空气从增压压缩机中部抽出,经冷却后进入增压膨胀模块;第三股增压空气从增压压缩机冷却器引出,进入分馏塔模块的高压主换热器,经换热液化并节流后进入下塔参与精馏;
S5:从增压压缩机中部抽出并经冷却后的增压空气,先进入由透平机驱动的增压机增压,增压后的空气进入增压机后冷却器冷却,冷却后的空气进入分馏塔模块的高压主换热器,并被返流的液氧、液氮及污氮冷却到一定温度后进入透平膨胀机膨胀制冷,膨胀制冷后的空气进入分馏塔模块的下塔参与精馏;
S6:膨胀制冷后的空气经过分馏塔模块的下塔精馏,在下塔顶部获得纯氮气,纯氮气进入主冷凝蒸发器中被上塔液氧冷凝,冷凝的液氮一部分作为下塔的回流液,一部分进入液氮泵加压后送入高压主换热器复热后送出第一冷箱作为氮气产品,其余部分经过冷器过冷后,一部分作为液氮产品引出第一冷箱,剩余部分节流后作为上塔回流液送至上塔顶部;
S7:在下塔下部得到污液氮,经过冷器过冷后,节流至上塔上部参与精馏;在下塔底部得到富氧液空,经过冷器过冷后节流至上塔中部参与精馏;
S8:经上塔精馏,在顶部得到低压氮气经过冷器、低压主换热器复热后送至氮气压缩机组进一步压缩后送入用户管网;在上塔上部获得的污氮气,经过冷器及高压主换热器复热后除一部分用作分子筛纯化再生气外,其余进入水冷塔制冷;液氧从主冷凝蒸发器底部抽出,一部分作为液氧产品引出第二冷箱,其余经液氧泵加压后进入主换热器复热后再送至用户管网。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于,本发明通过使用中控模块用以在分馏模块在单位时间内初步精馏产出的纯氮气的量不符合标准时根据分馏模块初步精馏后产出的污液氮和富氧液空的量对分馏模块单位时间内产出纯氮气量不符合标准的原因进行初步判定,以及,根据实际判定的原因将对应设备的运行参数调节至对应值,有效提高了氮气的提纯效率。
进一步地,所述中控模块周期性检测所述下塔输出的氮原子的物质的量N,并将其与中控模块中的预设氮原子物质的量N0进行比对,以对原料的输送量是否符合标准进行判定,并根据具体的判定结果对所述下塔的精馏温度或所述透平空气压缩机的功率进行调节,能够保证本发明所述工艺的原料充足且精馏温度符合标准,有效提高了氮气的提纯效率。
进一步地,当所述下塔输出的氮原子的物质的量N满足N≥N0时,所述中控模块将下塔顶部输出的纯氮气中的氮原子的物质的量Na与中控单元中预设值进行比对以对下塔的精馏温度T进行调节,能够在纯氮气的输出量不符合预设标准时将下塔的精馏温度调节至对应值,有效保证了氮气的提纯效率。
进一步地,当所述下塔输出的氮原子的物质的量N满足N<N0时,所述中控模块计算预设氮原子物质的量N0与下塔输出的氮原子的物质的量N的差值△N,并将△N与中控模块中的预设值进行比对以将所述透平空气压缩机的功率调节至对应值,能够在判定原料的输送量不符合预设标准时将所述透平空气压缩机的功率调节至对应值,有效保证了原料量符合标准,进而有效保证了氮气的提纯效率。
进一步地,所述中控模块周期性检测所述第一冷箱中液氮的量L,并将其与中控模块中的预设值进行比对以将各个阀门的开度调节至对应值,能够在第一冷箱的液氮量不符合预设标准时对各阀门的开度进行调节,有效保证了液氮回流的效率,进而有效提高了氮气的提纯效率。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述空分装置的结构框图;
图2为本发明所述空分装置的结构示意图;
图3为本发明所述实施例中控模块根据下塔输出的氮原子的物质的量N对原料的输送量是否符合标准进行判定的流程图;
图4为本发明所述实施例中控模块根据下塔顶部输出的纯氮气中的氮原子的物质的量Na对下塔的精馏温度T进行调节的流程图;
其中,空气过滤模块1,空气压缩模块2,空冷塔3,分子筛吸附器4,增压压缩机5,冷却器51,增压机61,透平机62,增压机后冷却器63,低压主换热器71,高压主换热器72,下塔73,主冷凝蒸发器74,过冷器75,上塔76,第一冷箱77,第二冷箱78,透平膨胀机8,液氮泵91,液氧泵92。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的和优点更加清楚明白,下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述;应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
下面参照附图来描述本发明的优选实施方式。本领域技术人员应当理解的是,这些实施方式仅仅用于解释本发明的技术原理,并非在限制本发明的保护范围。
需要说明的是,在本发明的描述中,术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方向或位置关系的术语是基于附图所示的方向或位置关系,这仅仅是为了便于描述,而不是指示或暗示所述装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外,还需要说明的是,在本发明的描述中,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域技术人员而言,可根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
请参阅图1和图2所示,其中图1为本发明所述空分装置的结构框图,图2为本发明所述空分装置的结构示意图,本发明所述空分装置包括:
空气过滤模块1,用以过滤原料空气中的灰尘和机械杂质;
空气压缩模块2,其与所述空气过滤模块1相连,包括若干用以对空气过滤模块1输出的过滤后的空气进行多级压缩的透平空气压缩机以及若干分别设置在相邻两透平空气压缩机之间以冷却对应透平空气压缩机压缩后空气的级间冷却器;
空冷塔3,其与所述空气压缩模块2相连,用以冷却和洗涤空气压缩模块2输出的空气;
分子筛吸附器4,其与所述空冷塔3相连,用以吸附空气中的二氧化碳、碳氢化合物和水分;
增压压缩机5,其设置在所述分子筛吸附器4输出端,用以对分子筛吸附器4输出的纯化空气进行压缩处理,在增压压缩机5末级设有冷却器51,用以冷却增压空气;
增压膨胀模块,其与所述增压压缩机5相连,包括用以对增压压缩机5输出的增压空气进行增压的增压机61、与增压机61相连以驱动增压机61的透平机62以及用以对增压后的空气进行冷却的增压机后冷却器63;
分馏模块,其分别与所述分子筛吸附器4、所述增压压缩机5以及所述增压膨胀模块相连,用以分别接收所述冷却器51输出的压缩后的纯化空气、所述分子筛吸附器4输出纯化空气以及所述增压机后冷却器63输出的膨胀制冷后空气并对压缩后的纯化空气、纯化空气以及膨胀制冷后空气进行初步精馏以获取纯氮气,以及,对初步精馏后产出的污液氮和富氧液空进行二次精馏以获取低压氮气和液氧;
中控模块,其分别与所述空气压缩模块2、所述分子筛吸附器4、所述增压压缩机5、所述增压膨胀模块以及所述分馏模块中的对应设备相连,用以在分馏模块在单位时间内初步精馏产出的纯氮气的量不符合标准时根据分馏模块初步精馏后产出的污液氮和富氧液空的量对分馏模块单位时间内产出纯氮气量不符合标准的原因进行初步判定,以及,根据实际判定的原因将对应设备的运行参数调节至对应值。
具体而言,所述分馏模块包括:
低压主换热器71,其与所述分子筛吸附器4相连,用以接收分子筛吸附器4输出的部分纯化空气并对纯化空气进行换热以将其冷却至对应温度;
高压主换热器72,其与所述冷却器51相连,用以接收所述冷却器51输出的冷却后的高压空气,并对其进行换热以生成液化高压空气;
下塔73,其分别与所述低压主换热器71、所述高压主换热器72以及所述增压机后冷却器51相连,用以接收低压主换热器71输出的冷却后的纯化空气、所述高压主换热器72输出的液化高压空气以及所述增压机61后冷却器51输出的膨胀制冷后空气,并对压缩后的纯化空气、纯化空气以及膨胀制冷后空气进行初步精馏以获取纯氮气;
主冷凝蒸发器74,其与所述下塔73相连,用以接收和冷却所述下塔73输出的纯氮气以生成液氮,并将部分液氮回流至所述下塔73以作为下塔73的回流液;所述主冷凝蒸发器74还与所述高压主换热器72通过液氮泵91相连,用以将液氮输送至高压主换热器72以使液氮与高压主换热器72中的冷却后的高压空气进行换热;
过冷器75,其与所述下塔73相连,用以接收所述下塔73初步精馏过程中产生的污液氮和富氧液空并分别对污液氮和富氧液空进行过冷处理;
上塔76,其分别与所述主冷凝蒸发器74和所述过冷器75相连,用以接收过冷器75输出的过冷后的污液氮和过冷后的富氧液空,并对过冷后的污液氮和过冷后的富氧液空进行二次精馏以生成液氧和低压氮气;所述上塔76将液氧输送至所述主冷凝蒸发器74以使主冷凝蒸发器74使用液氧与所述下塔73输出的纯氮气进行换热,上塔76将所述低压氮气以及二次精馏后产生的污氮气输送至所述过冷器75以使过冷器75对低压氮气和污氮气分别进行复热处理;
第一冷箱77,其分别与所述高压主换热器72以及所述过冷器75相连,用以接收和存储高压主换热器72输出的复热后液氮以及过冷器75输出的液氮;
第二冷箱78,其与所述主冷凝蒸发器74相连,用以接收和存储主冷凝蒸发器74输出的液氧。
具体而言,所述高压主换热器72还分别与所述主冷凝蒸发器74和所述过冷器75相连,用以分别接收主冷凝蒸发器74输出的液氧并接收过冷器75输出的低压氮气并分别对液氧和低压氮气进行复热处理,并将复热后低压氮气和复热后氧气输送至用户管网;
所述低压主换热器71分别与所述过冷器75、所述分子筛吸附器4以及所述水冷塔相连,用以接收过冷器75输出的污氮气并对污氮气进行复热处理,低压主换热器71将复热后的污氮气分别输送至分子筛吸附器4和水冷塔,一部分用作分子筛吸附器4再生气,其余进入水冷塔制冷;
所述过冷器75分别与所述主冷凝蒸发器74和所述上塔76相连,用以接收主冷凝蒸发器74输出的液氮并将输送至所述冷箱中的部分液氮回流至上塔76。
具体而言,所述主冷凝蒸发器74与所述下塔73之间设有第一阀门;所述主冷凝蒸发器74与所述液氮泵91之间设有第一阀门;所述主冷凝蒸发器74与所述过冷器75之间设有第三阀门。
请参阅图3所示,其为本发明所述实施例中控模块根据下塔输出的氮原子的物质的量N对原料的输送量是否符合标准进行判定的流程图,所述中控模块周期性检测所述下塔73输出的氮原子的物质的量N,并将其与中控模块中的预设氮原子物质的量N0进行比对,以对原料的输送量是否符合标准进行判定,中控模块将下塔73顶部输出的纯氮气中的氮原子的物质的量记为Na,将下塔73下部输出的污液氮中的氮原子的物质的量记为Nb,将下塔73底部输出的富氧液空中的氮原子的物质的量记为Nc,设定,N=Na+Nb+Nc,
若N≥N0,所述中控模块判定原料的输送量符合预设标准,并将Na与中控单元中预设值进行比对以对下塔73的精馏温度T进行调节;
若N<N0,所述中控模块判定原料的输送量不符合预设标准,中控模块计算预设氮原子物质的量N0与下塔73输出的氮原子的物质的量N的差值△N,并将△N与中控模块中的预设值进行比对以将所述透平空气压缩机的功率调节至对应值。
请参阅图4所示,其为本发明所述实施例中控模块根据下塔顶部输出的纯氮气中的氮原子的物质的量Na对下塔的精馏温度T进行调节的流程图,所述中控模块在第一预设条件下将Na与中控单元中预设值进行比对以对下塔73的精馏温度T进行调节,中控模块中设有第一纯氮气氮原子含量Na1、第二纯氮气氮原子含量Na2、第一预设温度调节系数α1以及第二预设温度调节系数α2,其中,Na1<Na2,1<α1<α2<1.5,
若Na≤Na1,所述中控模块使用α2将下塔73的精馏温度调节至T’,设定T’=T×α2;
若Na1<Na≤Na2,所述中控模块使用α1将下塔73的精馏温度调节至T’,设定T’=T×α1;
若Na>Na2,所述中控模块判定所述下塔73顶部输出的纯氮气中的氮原子的物质的量符合预设标准,不对下塔73的精馏温度进行调节;
所述第一预设条件为所述下塔73输出的氮原子的物质的量N满足N≥N0。
具体而言,所述中控模块在第二预设条件下计算预设氮原子物质的量N0与下塔73输出的氮原子的物质的量N的差值△N,并将△N与中控模块中的预设值进行比对以将所述透平空气压缩机的功率W调节至对应值,设定△N=N0-N,中控模块中设有第一预设氮原子物质的量差值△N1、第二预设氮原子物质的量差值△N2、第一预设压缩机功率调节系数β1、第二预设压缩机功率调节系数β2以及第三预设压缩机功率调节系数β3,其中,△N1<△N2,1<β1<β2<β3<1.3,
若△N≤△N1,所述中控模块使用β1将所述透平空气压缩机的功率调节至W’,设定W’=W×β1;
若△N1<△N≤△N2,所述中控模块使用β2将所述透平空气压缩机的功率调节至W’,设定W’=W×β2;
若△N>△N2,所述中控模块使用β3将所述透平空气压缩机的功率调节至W’,设定W’=W×β3;
所述第二预设条件为所述下塔73输出的氮原子的物质的量N满足N<N0。
具体而言,所述中控模块周期性检测所述第一冷箱77中液氮的量L,并将其与中控模块中的预设值进行比对以将各个阀门的开度Vai调节至对应值,中控模块中设置有第一预设液氮量L1、第二预设液氮量L2,其中,L1<L2,
若L≤L1,所述中控模块将第一阀门的开度调节至Va1’,设定Va1’=0.6×Va1,将第二阀门的开度调节至Va2’,设定Va2’=1.3×Va2,将第三阀门的开度调节至Va3’,设定Va3’=0.8×Va3;
若L1<L≤L2,所述中控模块将第一阀门的开度调节至Va1’,设定Va1’=0.8×Va1,将第二阀门的开度调节至Va2’,设定Va2’=1.2×Va2,将第三阀门的开度调节至Va3’,设定Va3’=0.9×Va3;
若L>L2,所述中控模块将第一阀门的开度调节至Va1’,设定Va1’=1.1×Va1,将第二阀门的开度调节至Va2’,设定Va2’=0.9×Va2,将第三阀门的开度调节至Va3’,设定Va3’=1.1×Va3。
具体而言,所述空分装置还包括与所述高压主换热器72相连用以对冷却后的空气进行膨胀制冷的透平膨胀机8,用以对所述上塔76输送来的污氮气进行热质交换冷却的水冷塔,与所述水冷塔相连用以对冷却后的污氮气进行进一步冷却的冷水机组,与所述冷水机组相连用以对冷却后的污氮气进行加压的水泵。
具体而言,所述空分装置提纯氧气、氮气的工艺包括如下步骤:
S1:原料空气进入空气过滤模块1过滤掉空气中的灰尘和机械杂质,过滤后的空气进入空气压缩模块2;
S2:压缩后的空气自下而上穿过所述空冷塔3,在空冷塔3中冷却的同时进行洗涤,得到洁净空气进入分子筛吸附器4;
S3:由所述空冷塔3输送来的洗涤后的洁净空气进入分子筛吸附器4,吸附除去空气中的二氧化碳、碳氢化合物和水分后,一部分空气进入增压压缩机5增压以用作仪表空气、装置空气,其余全部进入分馏塔模块的低压主换热器71,冷却到接近露点后与膨胀制冷后的空气汇合进入下塔73参与精馏;
S4:分子筛吸附器4输出的纯化空气在增压压缩机5中增压得到增压空气,增压空气分为三股,第一股、第二股增压空气从增压压缩机5中部抽出,经冷却后进入增压膨胀模块;第三股增压空气从增压压缩机5冷却器51引出,进入分馏塔模块的高压主换热器72,经换热液化并节流后进入下塔73参与精馏;
S5:从增压压缩机5中部抽出并经冷却后的增压空气,先进入由透平机62驱动的增压机61增压,增压后的空气进入增压机61后冷却器51冷却,冷却后的空气进入分馏塔模块的高压主换热器72,并被返流的液氧、液氮及污氮冷却到一定温度后进入透平膨胀机膨胀制冷,膨胀制冷后的空气进入分馏塔模块的下塔73参与精馏;
S6:膨胀制冷后的空气经过分馏塔模块的下塔73精馏,在下塔73顶部获得纯氮气,纯氮气进入主冷凝蒸发器74中被上塔76液氧冷凝,冷凝的液氮一部分作为下塔73的回流液,一部分进入液氮泵91加压后送入高压主换热器72复热后送出第一冷箱77作为氮气产品,其余部分经过冷器75过冷后,一部分作为液氮产品引出第一冷箱77,剩余部分节流后作为上塔76回流液送至上塔76顶部;
S7:在下塔73下部得到污液氮,经过冷器75过冷后,节流至上塔76上部参与精馏;在下塔73底部得到富氧液空,经过冷器75过冷后节流至上塔76中部参与精馏;
S8:经上塔76精馏,在顶部得到低压氮气经过冷器75、低压主换热器71复热后送至氮气压缩机组进一步压缩后送入用户管网;在上塔76上部获得的污氮气,经过冷器75及高压主换热器72复热后除一部分用作分子筛纯化再生气外,其余进入水冷塔制冷;液氧从主冷凝蒸发器74底部抽出,一部分作为液氧产品引出第二冷箱78,其余经液氧泵92加压后进入主换热器复热后再送至用户管网。
至此,已经结合附图所示的优选实施方式描述了本发明的技术方案,但是,本领域技术人员容易理解的是,本发明的保护范围显然不局限于这些具体实施方式。在不偏离本发明的原理的前提下,本领域技术人员可以对相关技术特征做出等同的更改或替换,这些更改或替换之后的技术方案都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例,并不用于限制本发明;对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种空分装置,其特征在于,包括:
空气过滤模块,用以过滤原料空气中的灰尘和机械杂质;
空气压缩模块,其与所述空气过滤模块相连,包括若干用以对空气过滤模块输出的过滤后的空气进行多级压缩的透平空气压缩机以及若干分别设置在相邻两透平空气压缩机之间以冷却对应透平空气压缩机压缩后空气的级间冷却器;
空冷塔,其与所述空气压缩模块相连,用以冷却和洗涤空气压缩模块输出的空气;
分子筛吸附器,其与所述空冷塔相连,用以吸附空气中的二氧化碳、碳氢化合物和水分;
增压压缩机,其设置在所述分子筛吸附器输出端,用以对分子筛吸附器输出的纯化空气进行压缩处理,在增压压缩机末级设有冷却器,用以冷却增压空气;
增压膨胀模块,其与所述增压压缩机相连,包括用以对增压压缩机输出的增压空气进行增压的增压机、与增压机相连以驱动增压机的透平机以及用以对增压后的空气进行冷却的增压机后冷却器;
分馏模块,其分别与所述分子筛吸附器、所述增压压缩机以及所述增压膨胀模块相连,用以分别接收所述冷却器输出的压缩后的纯化空气、所述分子筛吸附器输出纯化空气以及所述增压机后冷却器输出的膨胀制冷后空气并对压缩后的纯化空气、纯化空气以及膨胀制冷后空气进行初步精馏以获取纯氮气,以及,对初步精馏后产出的污液氮和富氧液空进行二次精馏以获取低压氮气和液氧;
中控模块,其分别与所述空气压缩模块、所述分子筛吸附器、所述增压压缩机、所述增压膨胀模块以及所述分馏模块中的对应设备相连,用以在分馏模块在单位时间内初步精馏产出的纯氮气的量不符合标准时根据分馏模块初步精馏后产出的污液氮和富氧液空的量对分馏模块单位时间内产出纯氮气量不符合标准的原因进行初步判定,以及,根据实际判定的原因将对应设备的运行参数调节至对应值。
2.根据权利要求1所述的空分装置,其特征在于,所述分馏模块包括:
低压主换热器,其与所述分子筛吸附器相连,用以接收分子筛吸附器输出的部分纯化空气并对纯化空气进行换热以将其冷却至对应温度;
高压主换热器,其与所述冷却器相连,用以接收所述冷却器输出的冷却后的高压空气,并对其进行换热以生成液化高压空气;
下塔,其分别与所述低压主换热器、所述高压主换热器以及所述增压机后冷却器相连,用以接收低压主换热器输出的冷却后的纯化空气、所述高压主换热器输出的液化高压空气以及所述增压机后冷却器输出的膨胀制冷后空气,并对压缩后的纯化空气、纯化空气以及膨胀制冷后空气进行初步精馏以获取纯氮气;
主冷凝蒸发器,其与所述下塔相连,用以接收和冷却所述下塔输出的纯氮气以生成液氮,并将部分液氮回流至所述下塔以作为下塔的回流液;所述主冷凝蒸发器还与所述高压主换热器通过液氮泵相连,用以将液氮输送至高压主换热器以使液氮与高压主换热器中的冷却后的高压空气进行换热;
过冷器,其与所述下塔相连,用以接收所述下塔初步精馏过程中产生的污液氮和富氧液空并分别对污液氮和富氧液空进行过冷处理;
上塔,其分别与所述主冷凝蒸发器和所述过冷器相连,用以接收过冷器输出的过冷后的污液氮和过冷后的富氧液空,并对过冷后的污液氮和过冷后的富氧液空进行二次精馏以生成液氧和低压氮气;所述上塔将液氧输送至所述主冷凝蒸发器以使主冷凝蒸发器使用液氧与所述下塔输出的纯氮气进行换热,上塔将所述低压氮气以及二次精馏后产生的污氮气输送至所述过冷器以使过冷器对低压氮气和污氮气分别进行复热处理;
第一冷箱,其分别与所述高压主换热器以及所述过冷器相连,用以接收和存储高压主换热器输出的复热后液氮以及过冷器输出的液氮;
第二冷箱,其与所述主冷凝蒸发器相连,用以接收和存储主冷凝蒸发器输出的液氧。
3.根据权利要求2所述的空分装置,其特征在于,所述高压主换热器还分别与所述主冷凝蒸发器和所述过冷器相连,用以分别接收主冷凝蒸发器输出的液氧并接收过冷器输出的低压氮气并分别对液氧和低压氮气进行复热处理,并将复热后低压氮气和复热后氧气输送至用户管网;
所述低压主换热器分别与所述过冷器、所述分子筛吸附器以及水冷塔相连,用以接收过冷器输出的污氮气并对污氮气进行复热处理,低压主换热器将复热后的污氮气分别输送至分子筛吸附器和水冷塔,一部分用作分子筛吸附器再生气,其余进入水冷塔制冷;
所述过冷器分别与所述主冷凝蒸发器和所述上塔相连,用以接收主冷凝蒸发器输出的液氮并将输送至所述冷箱中的部分液氮回流至上塔。
4.根据权利要求3所述的空分装置,其特征在于,所述主冷凝蒸发器与所述下塔之间设有第一阀门;所述主冷凝蒸发器与所述液氮泵之间设有第一阀门;所述主冷凝蒸发器与所述过冷器之间设有第三阀门。
5.根据权利要求4所述的空分装置,其特征在于,所述中控模块周期性检测所述下塔输出的氮原子的物质的量N,并将其与中控模块中的预设氮原子物质的量N0进行比对,以对原料的输送量是否符合标准进行判定,中控模块将下塔顶部输出的纯氮气中的氮原子的物质的量记为Na,将下塔下部输出的污液氮中的氮原子的物质的量记为Nb,将下塔底部输出的富氧液空中的氮原子的物质的量记为Nc,设定,N=Na+Nb+Nc,
若N≥N0,所述中控模块判定原料的输送量符合预设标准,并将Na与中控单元中预设值进行比对以对下塔的精馏温度T进行调节;
若N<N0,所述中控模块判定原料的输送量不符合预设标准,中控模块计算预设氮原子物质的量N0与下塔输出的氮原子的物质的量N的差值△N,并将△N与中控模块中的预设值进行比对以将所述透平空气压缩机的功率调节至对应值。
6.根据权利要求5所述的空分装置,其特征在于,所述中控模块在第一预设条件下将Na与中控单元中预设值进行比对以对下塔的精馏温度T进行调节,中控模块中设有第一纯氮气氮原子含量Na1、第二纯氮气氮原子含量Na2、第一预设温度调节系数α1以及第二预设温度调节系数α2,其中,Na1<Na2,1<α1<α2<1.5,
若Na≤Na1,所述中控模块使用α2将下塔的精馏温度调节至T’,设定T’=T×α2;
若Na1<Na≤Na2,所述中控模块使用α1将下塔的精馏温度调节至T’,设定T’=T×α1;
若Na>Na2,所述中控模块判定所述下塔顶部输出的纯氮气中的氮原子的物质的量符合预设标准,不对下塔的精馏温度进行调节;
所述第一预设条件为所述下塔输出的氮原子的物质的量N满足N≥N0。
7.根据权利要求5所述的空分装置,其特征在于,所述中控模块在第二预设条件下计算预设氮原子物质的量N0与下塔输出的氮原子的物质的量N的差值△N,并将△N与中控模块中的预设值进行比对以将所述透平空气压缩机的功率W调节至对应值,设定△N=N0-N,中控模块中设有第一预设氮原子物质的量差值△N1、第二预设氮原子物质的量差值△N2、第一预设压缩机功率调节系数β1、第二预设压缩机功率调节系数β2以及第三预设压缩机功率调节系数β3,其中,△N1<△N2,1<β1<β2<β3<1.3,
若△N≤△N1,所述中控模块使用β1将所述透平空气压缩机的功率调节至W’,设定W’=W×β1;
若△N1<△N≤△N2,所述中控模块使用β2将所述透平空气压缩机的功率调节至W’,设定W’=W×β2;
若△N>△N2,所述中控模块使用β3将所述透平空气压缩机的功率调节至W’,设定W’=W×β3;
所述第二预设条件为所述下塔输出的氮原子的物质的量N满足N<N0。
8.根据权利要求4所述的空分装置,其特征在于,所述中控模块周期性检测所述第一冷箱中液氮的量L,并将其与中控模块中的预设值进行比对以将各个阀门的开度Vai调节至对应值,中控模块中设置有第一预设液氮量L1、第二预设液氮量L2,其中,L1<L2,
若L≤L1,所述中控模块将第一阀门的开度调节至Va1’,设定Va1’=0.6×Va1,将第二阀门的开度调节至Va2’,设定Va2’=1.3×Va2,将第三阀门的开度调节至Va3’,设定Va3’=0.8×Va3;
若L1<L≤L2,所述中控模块将第一阀门的开度调节至Va1’,设定Va1’=0.8×Va1,将第二阀门的开度调节至Va2’,设定Va2’=1.2×Va2,将第三阀门的开度调节至Va3’,设定Va3’=0.9×Va3;
若L>L2,所述中控模块将第一阀门的开度调节至Va1’,设定Va1’=1.1×Va1,将第二阀门的开度调节至Va2’,设定Va2’=0.9×Va2,将第三阀门的开度调节至Va3’,设定Va3’=1.1×Va3。
9.根据权利要求8所述的空分装置,其特征在于,所述空分装置还包括与所述高压主换热器相连用以对冷却后的空气进行膨胀制冷的透平膨胀机,用以对所述上塔输送来的污氮气进行热质交换冷却的水冷塔,与所述水冷塔相连用以对冷却后的污氮气进行进一步冷却的冷水机组,与所述冷水机组相连用以对冷却后的污氮气进行加压的水泵。
10.一种利用权利要求1-9任一权利要求所述空分装置提纯氧气、氮气的工艺,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1:原料空气进入空气过滤模块过滤掉空气中的灰尘和机械杂质,过滤后的空气进入空气压缩模块;
S2:压缩后的空气自下而上穿过所述空冷塔,在空冷塔中冷却的同时进行洗涤,得到洁净空气进入分子筛吸附器;
S3:由所述空冷塔输送来的洗涤后的洁净空气进入分子筛吸附器,吸附除去空气中的二氧化碳、碳氢化合物和水分后,一部分空气进入增压压缩机增压以用作仪表空气、装置空气,其余全部进入分馏塔模块的低压主换热器,冷却到接近露点后与膨胀制冷后的空气汇合进入下塔参与精馏;
S4:分子筛吸附器输出的纯化空气在增压压缩机中增压得到增压空气,增压空气分为三股,第一股、第二股增压空气从增压压缩机中部抽出,经冷却后进入增压膨胀模块;第三股增压空气从增压压缩机冷却器引出,进入分馏塔模块的高压主换热器,经换热液化并节流后进入下塔参与精馏;
S5:从增压压缩机中部抽出并经冷却后的增压空气,先进入由透平机驱动的增压机增压,增压后的空气进入增压机后冷却器冷却,冷却后的空气进入分馏塔模块的高压主换热器,并被返流的液氧、液氮及污氮冷却到一定温度后进入透平膨胀机膨胀制冷,膨胀制冷后的空气进入分馏塔模块的下塔参与精馏;
S6:膨胀制冷后的空气经过分馏塔模块的下塔精馏,在下塔顶部获得纯氮气,纯氮气进入主冷凝蒸发器中被上塔液氧冷凝,冷凝的液氮一部分作为下塔的回流液,一部分进入液氮泵加压后送入高压主换热器复热后送出第一冷箱作为氮气产品,其余部分经过冷器过冷后,一部分作为液氮产品引出第一冷箱,剩余部分节流后作为上塔回流液送至上塔顶部;
S7:在下塔下部得到污液氮,经过冷器过冷后,节流至上塔上部参与精馏;在下塔底部得到富氧液空,经过冷器过冷后节流至上塔中部参与精馏;
S8:经上塔精馏,在顶部得到低压氮气经过冷器、低压主换热器复热后送至氮气压缩机组进一步压缩后送入用户管网;在上塔上部获得的污氮气,经过冷器及高压主换热器复热后除一部分用作分子筛纯化再生气外,其余进入水冷塔制冷;液氧从主冷凝蒸发器底部抽出,一部分作为液氧产品引出第二冷箱,其余经液氧泵加压后进入主换热器复热后再送至用户管网。
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