CN116293709A - Method and device for improving furnace efficiency by spraying in high-temperature area of hearth - Google Patents
Method and device for improving furnace efficiency by spraying in high-temperature area of hearth Download PDFInfo
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- CN116293709A CN116293709A CN202310025157.9A CN202310025157A CN116293709A CN 116293709 A CN116293709 A CN 116293709A CN 202310025157 A CN202310025157 A CN 202310025157A CN 116293709 A CN116293709 A CN 116293709A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000957 no side effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009692 water atomization Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
- B01D35/02—Filters adapted for location in special places, e.g. pipe-lines, pumps, stop-cocks
- B01D35/027—Filters adapted for location in special places, e.g. pipe-lines, pumps, stop-cocks rigidly mounted in or on tanks or reservoirs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
- F23L7/002—Supplying water
- F23L7/005—Evaporated water; Steam
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for improving furnace efficiency by spraying in a high-temperature area of a hearth, which are characterized in that: in the normal operation time period of the incinerator, water mist is uniformly sprayed in a high-temperature area of the hearth in an atomization mode, so that the gas humidity in the hearth is changed, the latent heat of vaporization is excited, convection heat exchange is promoted, and the temperature variables of all parts of the hearth are coupled; the water mist quantity is based on that the outlet smoke temperature of the incinerator is more than or equal to 900 ℃ or the return temperature is not reduced. The fuel with the same quality can obtain higher steam yield, can also improve the separation efficiency and effect of the separator, has simple equipment, low input cost, easy control and maintenance, and has practical significance for safety, energy conservation and synergy on the incinerator technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to incinerator technology, in particular to a method and a device for improving the furnace efficiency by spraying in a high-temperature area of a hearth.
Background
In incinerator technology, whether it is a fixed grate furnace, a mechanical grate furnace, a fluidized bed incinerator, a rotary kiln, etc., the temperature variation inside the furnace is always the subject of management. The operation of a waste incinerator is affected by numerous factors, instability of the incineration process will lead to the production of large amounts of new harmful substances, and therefore efforts are made to ensure and maintain: clean combustion of refuse requires that the temperature of the entire furnace be controlled within a certain range and that the temperature of the entire furnace be in a steady state. In the prior art, the influence of the smoke component change caused by the moisture change of the garbage on the radiation heat exchange is small, the temperature variable of the hearth is generally used as the controlled quantity in the disclosure and the prior art, and the control is carried out from multiple aspects, but the furnace efficiency is basically designed on the structure of the furnace body in the aspect of improving the furnace efficiency.
The utility model provides a patent publication number is CN106247613A, an energy efficiency promotes formula boiler, including furnace body, inlet pipe, hearth unit and jacket layer, has a plurality of communicating pipes that the interval set up in the furnace body, and communicating pipe link up with the inside of jacket respectively, and this kind of structure improves heat transfer efficiency through increasing heat transfer area. For another example, the patent publication number is CN110056877B, and the incinerator for improving the incineration effect comprises a furnace body and a first receiving plate arranged in the furnace body, wherein a feed inlet is arranged at the top of the furnace body, a first sealing door matched with the feed inlet is arranged at the top of the furnace body, a first connecting block is arranged on the first sealing door, and the first connecting block is movably connected at the top of the furnace body; the inner wall of the furnace body is provided with a second stop block with a triangular structure, the second stop block is arranged below the feeding hole, and two sides of the second stop block are respectively provided with a mincing assembly. According to the scheme, the effect of uniformly distributing the garbage entering the furnace body is achieved through the mutual cooperation of the second stop block and the crushing assembly, the situation that the garbage at the bottom cannot be contacted with flame is avoided, and the garbage can be combusted more fully. Etc.
However, the structural change involves a plurality of inherent elements, such as occupied internal volume of the hearth, redesigned connection scheme of the furnace body and the matched facilities, and the like, so that the maintenance cost is greatly increased, and the actual heat source release utilization rate in the hearth is not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provide a method and a device for improving the furnace efficiency by spraying in a high-temperature area of a hearth, which are used for improving the convective heat exchange of each heat exchange device area such as a water-cooled wall, a superheater, an air preheater and the like by changing the humidity of flue gas in a combustion area and the whole combustion process and utilizing the vapor partial pressure difference so as to increase the steam yield of a boiler.
The technical problems of the invention are mainly solved by the following technical proposal: a method for improving furnace efficiency by spraying in a high-temperature area of a hearth is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the normal operation time period of the incinerator, water mist is uniformly sprayed in a high-temperature area of the hearth in an atomization mode, so that the gas humidity in the hearth is changed, the latent heat of vaporization is excited, convection heat exchange is promoted, and the temperature variables of all parts of the hearth are coupled; the water mist quantity is based on that the outlet smoke temperature of the incinerator is more than or equal to 900 ℃ or the return temperature is not reduced.
In the method for improving the furnace efficiency by spraying in the high-temperature region of the furnace, preferably, the water mist with consistent atomization degree and constant discharge amount is sprayed in the normal working period of the furnace in an atomization mode.
In the method for improving the furnace efficiency by spraying in the high-temperature region of the furnace, preferably, for the grate furnace, the water mist spraying point is positioned below the position with the smallest cross section of the furnace.
In the method for improving the furnace efficiency by spraying in the high-temperature region of the furnace, preferably, for the fluidized bed, the spraying point of the water mist is the junction of the furnace and the horizontal flue and is arranged towards the direction of the reverse smoke.
In the method for improving the furnace efficiency by spraying in the high-temperature area of the hearth, preferably, the water mist quantity is equal to or higher than 900 ℃ at the outlet smoke temperature of the incinerator, and the method is suitable for a grate furnace provided with a screen type superheater; the return temperature is not reduced and the fluidized bed is suitable for the fluidized bed.
In the method for improving the furnace efficiency by spraying in the high-temperature area of the hearth, preferably, water forming water mist is derived from tap water, or the boiler is arranged in a fixed row, or the boilers are arranged in a continuous row, or a drain tank, or a combination of one or more water sources.
The device for spraying and improving the furnace efficiency in the high-temperature area of the hearth according to any one of the above methods, which comprises a water storage tank, and is characterized in that the water storage tank is connected to a spray gun through a water outlet valve to a filter and then connected to the spray gun through a booster pump, and the spray gun is fixed in the high-temperature area of the hearth.
In the device for spraying and improving the furnace efficiency in the high-temperature area of the furnace, preferably, the filter is at least connected in parallel with two paths in the water delivery line, and both the inlet end and the outlet end of the filter are provided with valves.
In the device for spraying and improving the furnace efficiency in the high-temperature area of the furnace, preferably, the spray gun is provided with a detachable atomizing sheet.
The temperature of the whole hearth is controlled within a certain range, and the temperature of the whole hearth is in a stable state, which is an ideal state for the incinerator for the person skilled in the art. In fact, the temperatures of all points in the hearth are different, dry flue gas is taken as the main material, and in the whole combustion process, the gas with high temperature has relatively small specific gravity due to large temperature difference and can be discharged out of the hearth preferentially under the action of negative pressure after heat exchange, so that obviously, the heat exchange is insufficient.
According to the technical scheme, when the incinerator is normally combusted, water mist is uniformly sprayed into a high-temperature area of a hearth, according to a heat-moisture exchange principle, the temperature difference is the driving force of heat exchange, and the water vapor partial pressure difference is the driving force of moisture exchange. Therefore, the humidity in the flue gas in the hearth is changed, the whole hearth is quickly filled with the humidity, the hot and humid flue gas not only increases the instant pressure in the hearth, but also has high adhesive force, and after the latent heat of vaporization is excited, the coupling of temperature variables at each part of the hearth is accelerated, and heat convection is performed. Therefore, in the original combustion time, the heat exchange degree of the water-cooled wall, the superheater, the economizer, the air preheater and other areas is increased in the whole combustion process, the phenomenon of poor fluidity of dry flue gas is overcome, and the heat exchange effect and the steam yield of the boiler are improved.
The water adopted by the scheme is tap water, namely four types of water, or water in fixed rows, continuous rows and other supporting facilities of the boiler, and has no side effects such as corrosiveness to the heating surface of the boiler and the like.
Because the boiler is continuously operated, the water quantity sprayed by the method is a controllable process, and the relative quantity is small, so that the problem of insufficient negative pressure of a hearth can not occur, and the residual quantity is maintained in the design of a draught fan of the general boiler. Also, this technical scheme also can not cause the phenomenon that dust remover sack was stuck with paste the hole, because entering furnace atomizing water granularity is very little, and the volume is also little, just is changing flue gas humidity, and can further evaporate and refine by high temperature influence, if meet with the ash particle in the flue gas, can change the severity of ash particle to by the increase free fall of centrifugal force in cyclone, make the volume that gets into the afterbody further reduce because of gravity increases. Therefore, the method can also improve the efficiency and separation effect of the cyclone separator.
In the scheme, the atomization degree is consistent, the constant quantity of water mist is sprayed, the temperature of the whole hearth is controlled within a certain range, and the temperature of the whole hearth is supported by a stable state technology.
Furthermore, the spraying point of the scheme is key, and the requirements are that the flue gas humidity is increased, the convection effect is improved, the normal combustion of the boiler cannot be influenced, and the environmental protection is also considered to limit the temperature technology of the hearth outlet. Therefore, for a grate furnace (namely, a grate incinerator), a preferable point is arranged below the minimum part of the cross section of the hearth, and according to the fluid tapering principle, the flow speed is fastest, the smoke density is maximum and the mixing degree is optimal at the minimum part of the cross section of the hearth under the same negative pressure of the hearth. Meanwhile, if the fire grate is arranged, a certain distance exists from the fire grate, and because the hot smoke moves upwards all the time and the hearth is negative pressure, the mixed smoke after water atomization can pass through the small section part upwards rapidly and then exchanges heat with a large number of water cooling walls around, and the normal combustion of the fire grate is not influenced. For the fluidized bed furnace, the junction of the hearth and the horizontal flue is optimal, the negative pressure is large, the flow speed is high, and the spray is performed in the reverse smoke direction, so that the mixing effect is ensured, and the outlet smoke temperature is not influenced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the fuel with the same quality can obtain higher steam yield, can also improve the separation efficiency and effect of the separator, has simple equipment, low input cost, easy control and maintenance, and has practical significance for safety, energy conservation and synergy on the incinerator technology.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a spray device according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a water storage tank, a water outlet valve, a filter, a valve, a booster pump and a spray gun.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described below through examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The method for improving the furnace efficiency by spraying in the high-temperature region of the furnace is characterized in that water mist is uniformly sprayed in the high-temperature region of the furnace in the normal operation time period of the incinerator, namely in the normal incineration process, the sprayed atomization degree is consistent, the spraying amount is constant, and the atomization granularity is less than or equal to 6 mu m. Therefore, the humidity of gas in the hearth is changed, the latent heat of vaporization is excited, the heat convection and heat exchange are promoted, the temperature variables of all parts of the hearth are coupled, and the aim of improving the steam yield of the boiler is fulfilled.
The sprayed water mist quantity is based on that the smoke temperature at the outlet of the incinerator is more than or equal to 900 ℃ or the returning charge temperature is not reduced.
For the fire grate furnace, the water mist spraying point is positioned 30cm below the minimum position of the cross section of the hearth, the outlet smoke temperature is set at 920 ℃, and the operation of the booster pump 5 is connected through the temperature controller. The fire grate furnace with the screen type superheater is subjected to adjustment injection according to the water mist quantity, wherein the smoke temperature at the outlet of the incinerator is more than or equal to 900 ℃.
For the fluidized bed, the water mist spraying point is the junction of the hearth and the first horizontal flue, and the spraying outlet of the spray gun 6 is arranged towards the direction of the reverse smoke. The sprayed water mist quantity takes the returning temperature not to drop as a control point, namely the temperature of the returning device is in normal degree when the hearth is in an operation state, and the spraying quantity is reasonable.
The water forming the water mist mainly uses tap water, and meanwhile, a boiler fixed row, a boiler continuous row, a water drain tank and the like can be connected into the water storage tank 1 for utilization, and the combination of one or more water sources is optional as long as the water quantity is sufficient.
The device for spraying and improving the furnace efficiency in the high-temperature area of the hearth is shown in fig. 1, and comprises a water storage tank 1, wherein the top of the water storage tank 1 is provided with a liquid inlet, an access door and a ventilation pipe, the water storage tank 1 is provided with a liquid level meter, the bottom of the water storage tank 1 is provided with a mud discharging valve and a water outlet valve 2, the water storage tank 1 passes through the water outlet valve 2 to a filter 3, the filter 3 is connected in parallel with two paths in a water transmission line, and both the inlet end and the outlet end of the filter 3 are provided with valves 4; the filter 3 is collected to a main line, a valve is arranged, the filter is connected to a spray gun 6 through a booster pump 5, and the spray gun 6 is fixed in a high-temperature area of a hearth; the spray gun 6 is provided with a detachable atomizing sheet.
The device is connected in a mechanical atomization mode, and is mechanically atomized by a screw pump and is more than 12Kg/cm 2 The pressure of the spray gun is directly regulated by the pressure of the oil mist gun, the constant pressure is kept all the time in the actual use, and the aperture of the atomization sheet can be accessed to control the atomization degree (granularity) so as to ensure that the atomization degree sprayed into a hearth is consistent and the spraying quantity is constant.
The specific implementation data of the method in Hubei prison energy environmental protection limited company are as follows: the method uses a grate furnace, the steam production is 27 tons/hour, the water mist is sprayed by the method for 1 ton/hour (0.28 Kg per second), the steam production is 28.6-29.2 tons/hour, and the highest steam production is approximately 30 tons/hour, namely the actual steam production is increased by 6-8% or more under the same condition of using the same amount of garbage for incineration.
The method is implemented by Jing Zhouwang energy environment-friendly limited company as follows: the fluidized bed is used by the company, the steam production is 48 tons/hour, the water mist sprayed by the method is 1.5 tons/hour (0.41 Kg per second), the steam production is 46.6-50.5 tons/hour, and the maximum steam production is 51 tons/hour, namely the actual steam production is increased by 3-5 percent or more under the same condition of using the same amount of garbage incineration.
According to the method, JE Green Solutions Pte Ltd (singapore biomass power plant), the boiler of the enterprise adopts the design of a hanging screen superheater designed by the Jinan boiler plant, the steam yield is 25 tons/hour, the water mist sprayed by the method is 1 ton/hour (0.28 Kg per second), the steam yield is 27-27.3 tons/hour, and the highest steam yield is approximately 28.2 tons/hour, namely, the actual steam yield is increased by 8-9% or more under the same condition of using the same amount of garbage incineration, and the effect is more outstanding due to the large heat exchange area.
The foregoing embodiments are illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting, and any simple method, process, structure, etc. which are contemplated as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for improving furnace efficiency by spraying in a high-temperature area of a hearth is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the normal operation time period of the incinerator, water mist is uniformly sprayed in a high-temperature area of the hearth in an atomization mode, so that the gas humidity in the hearth is changed, the latent heat of vaporization is excited, convection heat exchange is promoted, and the temperature variables of all parts of the hearth are coupled; the water mist quantity is based on that the outlet smoke temperature of the incinerator is more than or equal to 900 ℃ or the return temperature is not reduced.
2. The method for improving the furnace efficiency by spraying in the high-temperature area of the furnace according to claim 1, wherein the water mist with consistent atomization degree and constant spraying amount is sprayed in the normal working period of the furnace by an atomization mode.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein for a fire grate furnace, the water mist spray point is located below the minimum cross-section of the furnace.
4. The method for improving the furnace efficiency by spraying in a high-temperature area of a furnace according to claim 1, wherein for a fluidized bed, the spraying point of the water mist is the junction of the furnace and a horizontal flue and is arranged towards the direction of the reverse flue gas.
5. The method for improving the furnace efficiency by spraying in a high-temperature area of a hearth according to claim 1, wherein the water mist quantity is equal to or higher than 900 ℃ at the outlet smoke temperature of the incinerator, and is suitable for a grate furnace provided with a screen type superheater; the return temperature is not reduced and the fluidized bed is suitable for the fluidized bed.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the water forming the water mist is derived from tap water, or a fixed row of boilers, or a continuous row of boilers, or a drain tank, or a combination of one or more water sources.
7. A device for a method of spray-enhancing the furnace efficiency in a high temperature region of a furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising a water storage tank (1), characterized in that the water storage tank is connected to a filter (3) via a water outlet valve (2) and to a spray gun (6) by a booster pump (5), the spray gun being fixed to the high temperature region of the furnace.
8. The device for spraying and improving the furnace efficiency in the high-temperature area of the furnace chamber according to claim 7, wherein the filter (3) is at least connected with two paths in parallel in a water transmission line, and the inlet end and the outlet end of the filter are respectively provided with a valve (4).
9. The device for spraying and improving the furnace efficiency in the high temperature area of the furnace according to claim 7, wherein the spray gun (6) is provided with a detachable atomizing sheet.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310025157.9A CN116293709A (en) | 2023-01-09 | 2023-01-09 | Method and device for improving furnace efficiency by spraying in high-temperature area of hearth |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310025157.9A CN116293709A (en) | 2023-01-09 | 2023-01-09 | Method and device for improving furnace efficiency by spraying in high-temperature area of hearth |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN116293709A true CN116293709A (en) | 2023-06-23 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310025157.9A Pending CN116293709A (en) | 2023-01-09 | 2023-01-09 | Method and device for improving furnace efficiency by spraying in high-temperature area of hearth |
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| CN (1) | CN116293709A (en) |
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- 2023-01-09 CN CN202310025157.9A patent/CN116293709A/en active Pending
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