CN116290104A - A construction method for underwater section-by-section installation of an anchored floating tunnel - Google Patents
A construction method for underwater section-by-section installation of an anchored floating tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/063—Tunnels submerged into, or built in, open water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
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- E02D29/067—Floating tunnels; Submerged bridge-like tunnels, i.e. tunnels supported by piers or the like above the water-bed
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- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/063—Tunnels submerged into, or built in, open water
- E02D29/073—Tunnels or shuttering therefor assembled from sections individually sunk onto, or laid on, the water-bed, e.g. in a preformed trench
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种锚固式悬浮隧道水下逐节安装方法,包括:步骤一,将待安装的悬浮隧道管节运至接岸结构内;步骤二,将待安装的悬浮隧道管节移入舾装室安装台车内;步骤三,先将待安装的悬浮隧道管节固定在安装台车上,舾装室注水同时调节安装台车和待安装的悬浮隧道管节的浮重比;步骤四,安装台车运行至前一段已安装好的悬浮隧道管节上后暂停前进;步骤五,安装台车的后支腿继续向前行进,但保持前支腿静止,将待安装的悬浮隧道管节送到安装位置;步骤六,将待安装的悬浮隧道管节与前一段已安装好的悬浮隧道管节对接安装;步骤七,安装台车退回舾装室;步骤八,重复步骤一至步骤七,进行后续段悬浮隧道管节的安装。本发明更为安全、高效、经济。
The invention discloses a section-by-section underwater installation method of an anchored floating tunnel, comprising: step 1, transporting the section of the floating tunnel to be installed to the shore structure; step 2, moving the section of the floating tunnel to be installed into the outfitting In the installation trolley in the installation room; Step 3, first fix the pipe joint of the floating tunnel to be installed on the installation trolley, fill the outfitting room with water and adjust the buoyant weight ratio of the installation trolley and the pipe joint of the floating tunnel to be installed; Step 4, The installation trolley runs to the suspension tunnel pipe section that has been installed in the previous section, and then pauses; step 5, the rear outrigger of the installation trolley continues to move forward, but keeps the front outrigger still, and puts the suspension tunnel pipe section to be installed Send to the installation location; Step 6, connect the suspension tunnel pipe section to be installed with the suspension tunnel pipe section that has been installed in the previous section; Step 7, return the installation trolley to the outfitting room; Step 8, repeat steps 1 to 7, Carry out the installation of the pipe joints of the subsequent section of the floating tunnel. The invention is safer, more efficient and more economical.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种锚固式悬浮隧道水下逐节安装的施工方法。The invention relates to a construction method for underwater installation of an anchored floating tunnel section by section.
背景技术Background technique
水中悬浮隧道,英文名称为“Submerged Floating Tunnel”,简称“SFT”。在意大利又称“阿基米德桥”,简称“PDA”桥。一般由浮在水中一定深度的管状结构(该结构的空间较大,足以适应道路和铁道交通的要求)、支撑系统(锚固在海底基础上的锚缆、墩柱或水上的浮箱)及与两岸的构筑物组成。它是交通运输工具跨越被深水分隔的两岸之间的一种新型结构物,适用于所有需在水中穿行的交通运载工具,可通行火车、汽车、小型机动车和行人,还可以做成穿行各种管道和电缆的服务通道。水中悬浮隧道和传统的沉埋隧道或掘进隧道的区别是:悬浮隧道结构被水包围着,既不是位于地层上也不穿越地层,而是主要依靠其自身结构的重力、结构受到的浮力以及支撑系统的锚固力来保持在固定的位置上。悬浮隧道四周密封,这种结构具有普通隧道的所有特点,从使用的观点来看应被认为是“隧道”而不是“桥梁”。The submerged floating tunnel, the English name is "Submerged Floating Tunnel", referred to as "SFT". In Italy, it is also called "Archimedes bridge", or "PDA" bridge for short. Generally, it consists of a tubular structure floating at a certain depth in the water (the space of the structure is large enough to meet the requirements of road and railway traffic), a support system (anchor cables anchored on the seabed foundation, pier columns or buoys on the water) and connected with it. Composition of structures on both sides of the strait. It is a new type of structure that means of transportation across the two banks separated by deep water. It is suitable for all means of transportation that need to pass through the water. It can pass trains, cars, small motor vehicles and pedestrians, and can also be made to pass through various service channels for pipes and cables. The difference between floating tunnels in water and traditional buried tunnels or excavated tunnels is that the floating tunnel structure is surrounded by water, neither on the ground nor through the ground, but mainly depends on the gravity of its own structure, the buoyancy of the structure and the support The anchoring force of the system is used to keep it in a fixed position. The suspension tunnel is sealed all around, and this structure has all the characteristics of ordinary tunnels, and should be considered as a "tunnel" rather than a "bridge" from the point of view of use.
悬浮隧道可以穿越不同的水域,如河流、峡湾、海峡、湖泊等,对那些由于考虑深水或两岸距离太大而认为不可跨越的地方提供了可能和可以接受的固定跨越结构形式。悬浮隧道修建在水下一定深度,相比于水面敞开式通道和轮渡运输,恶劣的风浪、雾、雨、雪等天气不会对悬浮隧道的全天候运营带来影响。在保证相同通航能力的前提下,与桥梁相比悬浮隧道的坡度较为平缓而且总长度也减小,悬浮隧道在修建过程和投入使用都不会对环境和自然景观造成影响;当超过一定的跨度和水深时,悬浮隧道的单位造价不会随着跨越通道长度或水道深度的增加有显著提高,而斜拉桥和悬索桥的单位造价则会随着跨度的增加明显地增加。Suspension tunnels can pass through different waters, such as rivers, fjords, straits, lakes, etc., and provide possible and acceptable fixed spanning structures for those places that cannot be crossed due to consideration of deep water or too large distance between banks. The floating tunnel is built at a certain depth underwater. Compared with open channels and ferry transportation on the water surface, severe wind, waves, fog, rain, snow and other weather will not affect the all-weather operation of the floating tunnel. Under the premise of ensuring the same navigation capacity, compared with the bridge, the slope of the floating tunnel is relatively gentle and the total length is also reduced. The construction process and the use of the floating tunnel will not affect the environment and natural landscape; when it exceeds a certain span and water depth, the unit cost of the suspension tunnel will not increase significantly with the increase of the span channel length or water channel depth, while the unit cost of the cable-stayed bridge and suspension bridge will increase significantly with the increase of the span.
虽然悬浮隧道与沉管隧道、深埋隧道、桥梁等跨海通道相比具有一定的优势,但悬浮隧道的设计、施工仍然是一个世界性的难题,至今尚无建成的悬浮隧道。目前世界上主要有7个国家(挪威、意大利、日本、中国、瑞士、巴西、美国)在研究,研究发现的诸多技术问题主要有:总体结构布置、隧道材料、锚固系统的结构型式、隧道的连接型式及接岸结构设计、隧道结构可实施性、施工与营运风险等。这些问题能否解决,决定了悬浮隧道能否从可行性方案走向实际工程。Although floating tunnels have certain advantages over sea-crossing passages such as immersed tunnels, deep-buried tunnels, and bridges, the design and construction of floating tunnels are still a worldwide problem, and no floating tunnels have been built yet. At present, there are mainly 7 countries (Norway, Italy, Japan, China, Switzerland, Brazil, and the United States) in the world doing research, and many technical problems found in the research mainly include: overall structural layout, tunnel materials, structural types of anchorage systems, and tunnel structures. Connection type and shore structure design, tunnel structure feasibility, construction and operation risks, etc. Whether these problems can be solved determines whether the floating tunnel can move from a feasible solution to an actual project.
迄今为止,悬浮隧道研究中,根据悬浮隧道自身重力与所受浮力之间的关系,提出的结构型式大致可分为三类:浮筒式、锚固式、墩柱式。浮筒式悬浮隧道是通过锚索或锚链把隧道悬挂于水面的浮筒上,隧道重力大于浮力,垂直方向受潮位涨落影响很大;锚固式悬浮隧道是通过张力腿或锚索把隧道锚固于海床以下的锚碇基础上,隧道重力小于浮力,隧道会在水动力作用下发生位移或晃动;墩柱式其实是支承在水下墩柱上的隧道桥,施工难度大且造价昂贵。So far, in the study of floating tunnels, according to the relationship between the gravity of the floating tunnel and the buoyancy, the proposed structural types can be roughly divided into three categories: buoy type, anchor type, and pier type. The buoy-type floating tunnel is suspended on the buoy on the water surface through anchor cables or anchor chains. The gravity of the tunnel is greater than the buoyancy, and the vertical direction is greatly affected by the fluctuation of the tide level; On the anchorage foundation below the bed, the gravity of the tunnel is less than the buoyancy, and the tunnel will displace or shake under the action of hydrodynamic forces; the pier-column type is actually a tunnel bridge supported on underwater pier columns, which is difficult and expensive to construct.
目前,国内外对锚固式悬浮隧道结构进行了长期的研究,它由水下悬浮隧道管体、接岸结构、锚固系统、浮重比调节系统、隧道附属设施等组成。隧道管节上设拉索锚并通过锚固基础固定于海床上,管节两端与接岸结构相连,通过陆域斜坡隧道与地面道路连接。At present, long-term research has been carried out on the anchored floating tunnel structure at home and abroad. It consists of an underwater floating tunnel body, a shore structure, an anchoring system, a buoyant weight ratio adjustment system, and tunnel auxiliary facilities. Cable anchors are set on the tunnel pipe section and fixed on the seabed through the anchor foundation. Both ends of the pipe section are connected to the shore structure, and connected to the ground road through the land slope tunnel.
由于悬浮隧道位于水下较深位置,三类型式的悬浮隧道在管节运输、水下定位以及水下或水上安装对接施工难度都很大,安全风险也很高,也没有成功实施的成熟施工技术。悬浮隧道安装施工目前可借鉴的技术是沉管隧道水上浮运、水上沉放、驳沉放安装,该工艺受风、浪、流及船行波等影响很大,例如港珠澳大桥的沉管浮运安装一个月只有一个窗口期,且管节浮运期间需要对航道进行封闭,对水上交通影响很大,施工成本较高,安全风险也较大。Because the floating tunnel is located at a deep underwater position, the three types of floating tunnels are very difficult in pipe joint transportation, underwater positioning, and underwater or underwater installation and docking construction, and the safety risks are also high, and there is no mature construction that has been successfully implemented. technology. At present, the technologies that can be used for reference in the installation and construction of floating tunnels are the installation of immersed tube tunnels floating on water, sinking on water, and barge sinking. This process is greatly affected by wind, waves, currents, and ship waves. Floating installation has only one window period per month, and the channel needs to be closed during the floating of pipe joints, which has a great impact on water traffic, high construction costs, and greater safety risks.
为了填补悬浮隧道管节水下逐节安装技术的空白,特提出一种锚固式悬浮隧道水下逐节安装的施工方法,使悬浮隧道安装有了一种更为安全、高效、经济的施工方案,将促使悬浮隧道能够早日由理想变为现实。In order to fill the gap in the underwater section-by-section installation technology of floating tunnel pipes, a construction method for underwater section-by-section installation of anchored floating tunnels is proposed, which makes the installation of floating tunnels a safer, more efficient and economical construction plan. , will make the floating tunnel from ideal to reality as soon as possible.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于填补现有技术的悬浮隧道管节水下逐节安装的空白,特提出一种锚固式悬浮隧道水下逐节安装的施工方法,使悬浮隧道安装有了一种更为安全、高效、经济的施工方案,将促使悬浮隧道能够早日由理想变为现实。The purpose of the present invention is to fill the blank of the prior art in the section-by-section installation of floating tunnel pipes under water saving, and proposes a construction method for underwater section-by-section installation of anchored suspension tunnels, which makes the installation of floating tunnels more secure. An efficient, efficient and economical construction plan will make the floating tunnel turn from ideal into reality as soon as possible.
本发明的目的是这样实现的:一种锚固式悬浮隧道水下逐节安装的施工方法,包括以下步骤:The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of construction method of anchor type suspension tunnel underwater section-by-section installation, comprises the following steps:
步骤一,先将在陆上预制好的待安装的悬浮隧道管节通过陆域斜坡隧道运至接岸结构内;该接岸结构包括位于背水侧的顶升室和位于迎水侧的舾装室,该舾装室内设有安装台车,该舾装室开设进口和出口;
步骤二,在接岸结构的顶升室内将待安装的悬浮隧道管节依次通过竖向移动和横向移动装入所述安装台车内;
步骤三,先将待安装的悬浮隧道管节上部的一对前吊耳和一对后吊耳一一对应地与安装台车上的一对前管节沉放卷扬机的钢丝绳和一对后管节沉放卷扬机的钢丝绳连接,再关闭接岸结构内的舾装室的进口和舾装室的出口,然后向舾装室内注水,同时调节安装台车的浮重比和待安装的悬浮隧道管节内的浮重比,使待安装的悬浮隧道管节的浮重比小于1,并使安装台车的浮重比大于1,安装台车和待安装的悬浮隧道管节的整体浮重比大于1;Step 3: First, place a pair of front lugs and a pair of rear lugs on the upper part of the suspension tunnel pipe section to be installed in one-to-one correspondence with a pair of front pipe sections on the installation trolley to lower the wire rope of the hoist and a pair of rear pipes. Then, close the entrance of the outfitting room and the outlet of the outfitting room in the docking structure, and then inject water into the outfitting room, and at the same time adjust the buoyant weight ratio of the installation trolley and the pipe section of the floating tunnel to be installed The buoyant weight ratio of the floating tunnel to be installed makes the buoyant weight ratio of the floating tunnel pipe section to be installed less than 1, and the floating weight ratio of the installation trolley is greater than 1, and the overall buoyant weight ratio of the installation trolley and the floating tunnel pipe section to be installed is greater than 1;
步骤四,先打开舾装室的出口,再控制安装台车运行至前一段已安装好的悬浮隧道管节上后暂停前进,在安装台车的前方沿隧道轴线的两侧对称地布置一对临时系缆墩,并将安装台车上的一对台车系泊卷扬机上的缆绳呈八字形地连接到该一对临时系缆墩上;Step 4: Open the exit of the outfitting room first, then control the installation trolley to run to the suspended tunnel pipe section installed in the previous section, and then stop moving forward, and arrange a pair of Temporary mooring piers, and the cables on the pair of trolley mooring hoists installed on the trolley are connected to the pair of temporary mooring piers in a figure-eight shape;
步骤五,控制安装台车继续向前行进,此过程中安装台车的前支腿静止不动,通过调整两根缆绳的长度和张力,控制安装台车的位置直至将待安装的悬浮隧道管节送到安装位置;Step five, control the installation trolley to continue to move forward. During this process, the front legs of the installation trolley are still. By adjusting the length and tension of the two cables, the position of the installation trolley is controlled until the suspension tunnel pipe to be installed sent to the installation location;
步骤六,通过安装台车上的一对前管节沉放卷扬机和一对后管节沉放卷扬机调整待安装的悬浮隧道管节的高度和水平度,通过调整安装台车的前后位置调整待安装的悬浮隧道管节的前后位置,保证待安装的悬浮隧道管节能够与前一段已安装好的悬浮隧道管节对接安装;Step 6: Adjust the height and levelness of the floating tunnel pipe joints to be installed by installing a pair of front pipe joint sinking winches and a pair of rear pipe joint sinking winches on the trolley, and adjust the height and level of the suspension tunnel pipe joints to be installed by adjusting the front and rear positions of the installation trolley. The front and rear positions of the installed floating tunnel pipe joints ensure that the floating tunnel pipe joints to be installed can be docked with the previously installed floating tunnel pipe joints;
步骤七,先控制安装台车退回舾装室,再关闭舾装室的出口,然后将舾装室内的水排干形成干施工条件;
步骤八,重复步骤一至步骤七,进行后续段悬浮隧道管节至最后一段悬浮隧道管节的安装。Step 8: Repeat
上述的锚固式悬浮隧道水下逐节安装的施工方法,其中,所述接岸结构设在岸坡上并包括室内部分和室外部分;其中,The above-mentioned construction method for underwater installation of the anchored floating tunnel section by section, wherein the bank-connecting structure is arranged on the bank slope and includes an indoor part and an outdoor part; wherein,
所述室内部分自陆域至海域依次设有所述顶升室、隔墙和所述舾装室;所述顶升室的底部安装顶升装置,该顶升室的后端为室内部分的背水侧墙,该背水侧墙的下部开设与陆域斜坡段隧道连通的洞口;所述舾装室的前端为室内部分的迎水侧墙,该舾装室的下部设有连接段隧道,该连接段隧道的后端口与所述顶升室连通;所述舾装室的进口开设在所述隔墙在所述连接段隧道的后端口的正上方,该舾装室的进口采用进口端密封门封堵;所述舾装室的出口开设在所述迎水侧墙上并位于所述连接段隧道的前端口的正上方,该舾装室的出口采用出口端密封门封堵;所述舾装室与外部水体之间安装给排水系统;The indoor part is provided with the jacking room, the partition wall and the outfitting room sequentially from the land area to the sea area; the bottom of the jacking room is equipped with a jacking device, and the rear end of the jacking room is the The backwater side wall, the lower part of the backwater side wall is provided with an opening communicating with the tunnel of the land slope section; the front end of the outfitting room is the facing water side wall of the indoor part, and the lower part of the outfitting room is provided with a connecting section tunnel. The rear port of the connecting section tunnel communicates with the jacking room; the entrance of the outfitting room is opened directly above the partition wall at the rear port of the connecting section tunnel, and the entrance of the outfitting room is sealed by the inlet end The door is blocked; the outlet of the outfitting room is set on the water-facing side wall and is located directly above the front port of the tunnel of the connecting section, and the outlet of the outfitting room is sealed with an outlet-end sealing door; the outlet Install the water supply and drainage system between the outfitting room and the external water body;
所述室外部分包括依次连接在所述连接段隧道的前端口的起步段隧道和护坡;所述起步段隧道的前端与悬浮隧道管节的后端对接,所述起步段隧道与连接段隧道的接头处以及起步段隧道与悬浮隧道管节的接头处均设置钢封门;悬浮隧道管节的两端采用钢封门密封;The outdoor part includes a starting section tunnel and a slope protection that are sequentially connected to the front port of the connecting section tunnel; the front end of the starting section tunnel is docked with the rear end of the floating tunnel pipe section, and the starting section tunnel is connected to the connecting section tunnel. Steel seal doors are installed at the joints and the joints between the initial tunnel and the suspension tunnel pipe joints; the two ends of the suspension tunnel pipe joints are sealed with steel seal doors;
在所述连接段隧道的顶面上和起步段隧道的顶面上安装一对轨道,该一对轨道与所述悬浮隧道管节的顶面上设置的一对轨道一一对应;所述舾装室的出口的底部设置一对与一对轨道一一对应的轨道槽密封装置。A pair of rails are installed on the top surface of the connecting section tunnel and the top surface of the starting section tunnel, and the pair of rails correspond to the pair of rails set on the top surface of the floating tunnel pipe section; the outfitting A pair of track groove sealing devices corresponding to a pair of tracks are arranged at the bottom of the outlet of the chamber.
上述的锚固式悬浮隧道水下逐节安装的施工方法,其中,所述进口端密封门为钢板结构;所述出口端密封门为多隔舱的钢筋混凝土沉箱结构;该出口端密封门由底板和四周侧墙构成沉箱外壳,沉箱外壳内通过若干横隔墙和若干纵隔墙分隔成多个隔舱,横隔墙和纵隔墙上沿高度方向间隔地开设若干通孔,每个通孔中均安装连通阀;该出口端密封门的顶标高高于外部水体的最高水位+波浪高+富余高度2~3m,出口端密封门的宽度为所述舾装室的出口的宽度+至少8m,出口端密封门的厚度要满足安装、移除及座底的稳定性要求。The above-mentioned construction method for underwater installation of anchored floating tunnels section by section, wherein, the sealing door at the inlet end is a steel plate structure; the sealing door at the outlet end is a reinforced concrete caisson structure with multiple compartments; the sealing door at the outlet end is composed of a bottom plate The caisson shell is composed of the surrounding side walls, and the caisson shell is divided into multiple compartments by several transverse partition walls and several longitudinal partition walls. Several through holes are set at intervals along the height direction on the transverse partition walls and longitudinal partition walls. Install a connecting valve; the top elevation of the sealing door at the outlet end is 2-3m higher than the highest water level of the external water body + wave height + margin height, and the width of the sealing door at the outlet end is the width of the outlet of the outfitting room + at least 8m. The thickness of the end seal door shall meet the requirements of installation, removal and the stability of the base.
上述的锚固式悬浮隧道水下逐节安装的施工方法,其中,所述轨道槽密封装置包括容纳所述轨道的钢外壳、一对液压千斤顶和一对钢活塞头;所述钢外壳嵌固在所述迎水侧墙内;一对液压千斤顶水平向地且对称地安装在钢外壳的两侧;一对钢活塞头对称地安装在一对液压千斤顶的活塞杆上,一对钢活塞头的前端面上均设置与所述轨道的侧面形状相吻合的型腔,并在型腔的表面设置橡胶止水条。The above-mentioned construction method for underwater installation of the anchored floating tunnel section by section, wherein the track groove sealing device includes a steel shell for accommodating the track, a pair of hydraulic jacks and a pair of steel piston heads; the steel shell is embedded in In the water-facing side wall; a pair of hydraulic jacks are installed horizontally and symmetrically on both sides of the steel shell; a pair of steel piston heads are symmetrically installed on the piston rods of a pair of hydraulic jacks, and a pair of steel piston heads Cavities matching the side shapes of the rails are provided on the front end faces, and rubber waterstop strips are provided on the surfaces of the cavities.
上述的锚固式悬浮隧道水下逐节安装的施工方法,其中,所述安装台车包括车架、前支腿、后支腿、前浮箱和后浮箱;其中,The above-mentioned construction method for underwater installation of the anchored floating tunnel section by section, wherein the installation trolley includes a vehicle frame, a front outrigger, a rear outrigger, a front pontoon and a rear pontoon; wherein,
所述车架为平面桁架结构并包括一对纵梁、前横两和后横梁;一对纵梁的中前部的底面上均开设轨道槽;The vehicle frame is a planar truss structure and includes a pair of longitudinal beams, front beams and rear beams; track grooves are provided on the bottom surfaces of the middle and front parts of the pair of longitudinal beams;
所述前支腿的呈U形且顶部设有一对顶部滚轮,该前支腿的底部设有一对带驱动装置的前底部滚轮,使前支腿通过一对顶部滚轮一一对应地倒扣在车架的一对纵梁底面上的轨道槽内,并使前支腿通过一对前底部滚轮一一对应地卡接在一对轨道上;The front outrigger is U-shaped and the top is provided with a pair of top rollers, and the bottom of the front outrigger is provided with a pair of front bottom rollers with driving device, so that the front outriggers are reversed one by one through the pair of top rollers. The track grooves on the bottom surface of a pair of longitudinal beams of the vehicle frame, and the front legs are snapped onto the pair of tracks one by one through a pair of front bottom rollers;
所述后支腿固定在所述车架的一对纵梁的后部,该后支腿的底部设有两对带驱动装置的后底部滚轮,使后支腿通过两对后底部滚轮一一对应地卡接在一对轨道上;The rear outriggers are fixed on the rear of a pair of longitudinal beams of the vehicle frame, and the bottom of the rear outriggers is provided with two pairs of rear bottom rollers with driving devices, so that the rear outriggers pass through the two pairs of rear bottom rollers one by one. Correspondingly clamped on a pair of rails;
所述前浮箱固定在所述车架的前部,该前浮箱内设有浮重比调节系统,一对所述前管节沉放卷扬机和一对台车系泊卷扬机也安装在前浮箱内;The front pontoon is fixed on the front part of the vehicle frame, and a buoyant weight ratio adjustment system is arranged in the front pontoon, and a pair of the front pipe joint sinking and unloading winches and a pair of trolley mooring winches are also installed on the front. inside the pontoon;
所述后浮箱固定在所述车架的后部,该后浮箱内设有浮重比调节系统,一对所述后管节沉放卷扬机也安装在后浮箱内。The rear pontoon is fixed on the rear of the vehicle frame, and a buoyant weight ratio adjustment system is arranged in the rear pontoon, and a pair of hoists for sinking and releasing the rear pipe joints are also installed in the rear pontoon.
上述的锚固式悬浮隧道水下逐节安装的施工方法,其中,所述安装台车的后支腿包括两块平行设置的平面桁架,每块平面桁架均包括前立柱、后立柱和一根下纵梁,两块平面桁架的下纵梁的底面上各自对应地安装两个带驱动装置的底部滚轮,两块平面桁架的前立柱和后立柱一一对应地固定在所述车架的一对纵梁的后部底面上。The above-mentioned construction method for underwater installation of anchored floating tunnels section by section, wherein, the rear legs of the installation trolley include two parallel plane trusses, and each plane truss includes a front column, a rear column and a lower Longitudinal beams, two bottom rollers with driving devices are respectively installed on the bottom surface of the lower longitudinal beams of the two plane trusses, and the front and rear columns of the two plane trusses are fixed on a pair of the vehicle frame correspondingly. on the rear underside of the stringer.
上述的锚固式悬浮隧道水下逐节安装的施工方法,其中,所述安装台车的后浮箱内还设有操作室和供氧装置;The above-mentioned construction method for underwater installation of the anchored floating tunnel section by section, wherein, the rear buoyancy tank of the installation trolley is also provided with an operation room and an oxygen supply device;
上述的锚固式悬浮隧道水下逐节安装的施工方法,其中,所述临时系缆墩为深水导管架+锚锭缆索结构型式。The above-mentioned construction method for underwater installation of an anchored floating tunnel section by section, wherein the temporary mooring pier is a deepwater jacket + anchor cable structure.
本发明的锚固式悬浮隧道水下逐节安装的施工方法具有以下特点:The construction method of the anchored floating tunnel installed section by section under water of the present invention has the following characteristics:
(1)本发明的施工方法采用在水下运输悬浮隧道管节,与悬浮隧道管节水上漂浮运输相比,大大降低了风、浪、流对管节运输的影响,大大增加了运输的窗口期,提搞了运输效率和安全性。对于海洋环境,水深越深,水流速度越小,受风浪影响越小。(1) The construction method of the present invention adopts the underwater transportation of the floating tunnel pipe joints, which greatly reduces the influence of wind, waves and currents on the pipe joint transportation and greatly increases the transportation cost During the window period, transportation efficiency and safety have been improved. For the marine environment, the deeper the water depth, the smaller the current velocity, and the less affected by wind and waves.
(2)本发明的施工方法,采用安装台车并利用已安装好的悬浮隧道管节在水下沉放悬浮隧道管节,与悬浮隧道管节采用水上沉放驳船安装相比,大大降低了风、浪、流对悬浮隧道管节沉放与对接的影响,并能有效避免钟摆效应,大大增加了悬浮隧道管节沉放精度提搞了安装效率、安全性和精确性。(2) The construction method of the present invention adopts the installation trolley and utilizes the installed floating tunnel pipe section to sink the floating tunnel pipe section underwater, compared with the floating tunnel pipe section adopting water sinking barge installation, greatly reduces the The impact of wind, waves and currents on the placement and docking of the floating tunnel pipe joints can effectively avoid the pendulum effect, greatly increasing the laying accuracy of the floating tunnel pipe joints and improving installation efficiency, safety and accuracy.
(3)本发明的施工方法,使用水面施工船舶的频率较低,且基本不需要大型船机,施工对水面船舶通行影响很小,海上交通安全风险也大大降低。(3) In the construction method of the present invention, the frequency of using water surface construction ships is low, and basically does not require large-scale ship machinery, the construction has little impact on the passage of water surface ships, and the safety risk of sea traffic is also greatly reduced.
(4)本发明的施工方法,大大增加了安装窗口期,将大大缩短工期,有效降低施工成本。(4) The construction method of the present invention greatly increases the installation window period, greatly shortens the construction period, and effectively reduces construction costs.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的锚固式悬浮隧道水下逐节安装的施工方法中进行步骤一时涉及的接岸结构的侧视图;Fig. 1 is a side view of the shore structure involved in
图2a是本发明的接岸结构中的出口端密封门的横断面图;Fig. 2 a is the cross-sectional view of the outlet sealing door in the shore structure of the present invention;
图2b是本发明的接岸结构中的出口端密封门的平面图;Fig. 2b is the plane view of the outlet end airtight door in the landing structure of the present invention;
图3a是本发明的接岸结构中的轨道槽密封装置的横断面图(关闭状态);Fig. 3 a is the cross-sectional view (closed state) of the track groove sealing device in the land connection structure of the present invention;
图3b是本发明的接岸结构中的轨道槽密封装置的横断面图(打开状态);Fig. 3 b is a cross-sectional view (open state) of the track groove sealing device in the land connection structure of the present invention;
图4a是本发明的锚固式悬浮隧道水下逐节安装的施工方法中进行步骤二时涉及的安装台车的侧视图;Fig. 4a is a side view of the installation trolley involved in
图4b是的安装台车的前视图;Figure 4b is a front view of the installation trolley;
图5是本发明的锚固式悬浮隧道水下逐节安装的施工方法中进行步骤一时的状态图;Fig. 5 is a state diagram of
图6是本发明的锚固式悬浮隧道水下逐节安装的施工方法中进行步骤二时的一种状态图;Fig. 6 is a kind of state diagram when carrying out
图7是本发明的锚固式悬浮隧道水下逐节安装的施工方法中进行步骤二时的另一种状态图;Fig. 7 is another state diagram when
图8是本发明的锚固式悬浮隧道水下逐节安装的施工方法中进行步骤三时的状态图;Fig. 8 is a state diagram when performing step three in the construction method of the anchored floating tunnel installed section by section under water of the present invention;
图9是本发明的锚固式悬浮隧道水下逐节安装的施工方法中进行步骤四时的一种状态图;Fig. 9 is a state diagram when performing
图10是本发明的锚固式悬浮隧道水下逐节安装的施工方法中进行步骤四时的另一种状态图;Fig. 10 is another state diagram when
图11是本发明的锚固式悬浮隧道水下逐节安装的施工方法中进行步骤五时的状态图;Fig. 11 is a state diagram when step five is performed in the construction method of the anchored floating tunnel installed section by section under water of the present invention;
图12是本发明的锚固式悬浮隧道水下逐节安装的施工方法中进行步骤六时的状态图;Fig. 12 is a state diagram when performing
图13是本发明的锚固式悬浮隧道水下逐节安装的施工方法中进行步骤七时的状态图;Fig. 13 is a state diagram when performing step seven in the construction method of the anchored floating tunnel installed section by section under water of the present invention;
图14是完成本发明的锚固式悬浮隧道水下逐节安装的施工方法后悬浮隧道全部贯通的结构示意图。Fig. 14 is a structural schematic diagram of the complete penetration of the floating tunnel after completing the construction method of underwater section-by-section installation of the anchored floating tunnel of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
请参阅图1至图14,本发明的锚固式悬浮隧道水下逐节安装的施工方法,包括以下步骤:Please refer to Fig. 1 to Fig. 14, the construction method of the underwater anchored floating tunnel of the present invention is installed section by section, comprising the following steps:
步骤一,先将在陆上预制好的待安装的悬浮隧道管节1’通过陆域斜坡隧道2运至接岸结构3(见图5)内,该接岸结构3设在岸坡上并包括室内部分和室外部分;其中,Step 1: First, transport the suspension tunnel pipe section 1' prefabricated on land to be installed through the
室内部分和室外部分、顶升装置9、一对轨道8、一对轨道槽密封装置8A和给排水系统10。Indoor part and outdoor part, jacking
室内部分由不透水的地连墙结构的背水侧墙3A、迎水侧墙3B和左右外墙围成;室内部分自陆域至海域依次设有顶升室31、隔墙30和舾装室32;其中,The indoor part is surrounded by the back
顶升室31的长度和宽度应根据悬浮隧道管节1长度和直径设计;顶升室31的后端为背水侧墙3A,该背水侧墙3A的下部开设与陆域斜坡段隧道2连通的洞口;陆域斜坡段隧道2是顶升室31与地面道路的连接隧道;The length and width of the jacking
舾装室32的长度和宽度应根据悬浮隧道管节1长度和直径以及安装台车13的尺寸设计,并留一定的富余度。舾装室32的前端为迎水侧墙3B,该舾装室32的下部设有连接段隧道5,该连接段隧道5的后端口与顶升室31连通;连接段隧道5的内径与悬浮隧道管节1的内径相同;The length and width of the
隔墙30在连接段隧道5的后端口的正上方开设舾装室的进口,舾装室的进口设置钢门框及橡胶止水条,该舾装室的进口采用进口端密封门11封堵;该进口端密封门11为钢板门结构,四周设置橡胶止水条,防止门关闭时渗漏水;进口端密封门11的尺寸根据悬浮隧道管节1的直径设计,并留一定的富余度;The
迎水侧墙3B在连接段隧道5的前端口的正上方开设舾装室的出口,该舾装室的出口设置钢门框及橡胶止水条,该舾装室的出口采用出口端密封门12封堵。The water-facing
出口端密封门12为多隔舱的钢筋混凝土沉箱结构;出口端密封门12由底板120和四周侧墙121构成沉箱外壳,沉箱外壳内通过若干横隔墙122和若干纵隔墙123分隔成多个隔舱,横隔墙122和纵隔墙123上沿高度方向间隔地开设若干通孔,每个通孔中均安装连通阀124(见图2a和图2b);方便向沉箱内注、排水时控制沉箱内各隔舱的液面标高。通过向多个隔舱内注水和排水实现出口端密封门12的下沉或起浮,出口端密封门12浮起后由拖轮进行移动和定位安装。当向沉箱注水不能满足稳定性要求时,还可以通过向沉箱内回填砂石等方法增加出口端密封门12的自重;该出口端密封门12的顶标高要高于外部水体的最高水位+波浪高+富余高度2~3m,出口端密封门12的宽度为舾装室的出口的宽度+至少8m,即出口端密封门12的宽度要宽出舾装室的出口的两侧至少各4m,该出口端密封门12的厚度要满足安装、移除及座底的稳定性要求。The
室外部分包括依次连接在连接段隧道5的前端口的起步段隧道6和护坡7;其中,The outdoor part includes the
起步段隧道6的内径与悬浮隧道管节1的内径相同,起步段隧道6采用钢筋混凝土结构,并采用先预制后安装;起步段隧道6的前端与悬浮隧道管节1的后端对接,起步段隧道6与连接段隧道5的接头处以及起步段隧道6与悬浮隧道管节1的接头处均设置钢封门;The inner diameter of the
顶升装置9安装在顶升室31的底部;顶升装置9包括若干千斤顶和安装在若干千斤顶上的钢结构顶升梁。The jacking
一对轨道8安装在连接段隧道5的顶面上和起步段隧道6的顶面上,该一对轨道8与每段悬浮隧道管节1的顶面上设置的一对轨道一一对应;轨道8的横断面呈工字形。A pair of
一对轨道槽密封装置8A与一对轨道8一一对应地设在舾装室的出口的底部;轨道槽密封装置8A用于封堵轨道8两侧的缺口并与出口端密封门12共同为舾装室32形成一道密封的挡水体系,阻止室内部分外的水体进入舾装室32。A pair of rail
轨道槽密封装置8A包括钢外壳80、一对也液压千斤顶82和一对钢活塞头153(见图3a和图3b);其中,钢外壳80包括底板、两块一一对应地连接在底板的两侧的竖板和一一对应地连接在两块竖板的顶部的左顶板和右顶板,使钢外壳80的顶部具有一个宽度大于轨道8的横断面宽度的缺口,该钢外壳80的底面和两块竖板的外表面、左顶板的外表面和右顶板的外表面均焊接若干锚筋81,使钢外壳80通过锚筋固定在迎水侧墙内;轨道8固定在钢外壳80的底板的中部;一对液压千斤顶82对称地安装在钢外壳80的两块竖板的内表面中部;一对钢活塞头83对称地安装在一对液压千斤顶82的活塞杆上,该一对钢活塞头83的顶面一一对应地与钢外壳80的左顶板的底面和右顶板的底面可移动密封接触,该一对钢活塞头83的底面与钢外壳80的底面的顶面可移动的密封接触,该一对钢活塞头83的前端面上设有与轨道8的侧面形状相吻合的型腔,并在型腔的表面安装橡胶止水条84,保证止水效果;The track
给排水系统10设在舾装室32与外部水体之间;给排水系统10包括设在舾装室32内的大功率、高扬程水泵和与水泵的出水口连接并通到迎水侧墙3B前侧的水体中的水管,由水泵将舾装室32内水抽排出去,也可以通过供水管道向舾装室32内注水,实现舾装室32干湿转换功能。The water supply and
步骤二,在接岸结构3的无水环境下的顶升室31内先将待安装的悬浮隧道管节1’通过顶升装置9的千斤顶的顶升完成竖向移动(见图6),接着在待安装的悬浮隧道管节1’与顶升装置9的顶升梁之间穿入搬运气囊,搬运气囊充气后将待安装的悬浮隧道管节1’向前水平移动至位于舾装室32内的连接段隧道6顶面上的一对轨道8上的安装台车4内(见图7);该安装台车4包括车架40、前支腿41、后支腿42、前浮箱43和后浮箱44(见图4a和图4b);其中,Step 2: In the jacking
车架40为平面桁架结构并包括一对纵梁、前横两和后横梁;一对纵梁的中前部的底面上均开设轨道槽;The
前支腿41的呈U形且顶部设有一对顶部滚轮4A,该前支腿41的底部设有一对带驱动装置的前底部滚轮4B,使前支腿41通过一对顶部滚轮4A一一对应地倒扣在车架的一对纵梁底面上的轨道槽内,并使前支腿41通过一对前底部滚轮4B一一对应地卡接在一对轨道8上;The
后支腿42固定在车架40的一对纵梁的后部,后支腿42包括两块平行设置的平面桁架,每块平面桁架均包括前立柱、后立柱和一根下纵梁,两块平面桁架的下纵梁的底面上各自对应地安装两个带驱动装置的后底部滚轮4C,两块平面桁架的前立柱和后立柱一一对应地固定在车架40的一对纵梁的后部底面上,使后支腿42通过两对后底部滚轮4C一一对应地卡接在一对轨道8上;
前浮箱43固定在车架40的前部,该前浮箱43内设有浮重比调节系统45、一对前管节沉放卷扬机46和一对台车系泊卷扬机47;The
后浮箱44固定在车架40的后部,该后浮箱44内设有浮重比调节系统45、一对后管节沉放卷扬机48、操作室49和供氧装置;浮重比调节系统45包括水箱和抽排水管道;The
步骤三,先将待安装的悬浮隧道管节1’上部的一对前吊耳和一对后吊耳各自通过卸扣一一对应地与安装台车4上的一对前管节沉放卷扬机46的钢丝绳和一对后管节沉放卷扬机48的钢丝绳连接,再关闭进口端密封门11、一对轨道槽密封装置8A(见图8)和出口端密封门12,然后通过给排水系统10向舾装室32内注水,同时通过设置在安装台车4上的浮重比调节系统45和待安装的悬浮隧道管节1’内的浮重比调节系统,分别调节待安装的悬浮隧道管节1’的浮重比和安装台车4的浮重比,使待安装的悬浮隧道管节1’的浮重比略小于1,并使安装台车4的浮重比略大于1,安装台车4和待安装的悬浮隧道管节1’的整体浮重比略大于1,以保证待安装的悬浮隧道管节1’的浮力略小于重力,以便待安装的悬浮隧道管节1’在安装下潜过程中不需要提供额外的竖向荷载,同时保证安装台车4在行驶、安装管节的过程中始终保持浮力大于重力而不致沉没;Step 3: Firstly, the pair of front lifting lugs and the pair of rear lifting lugs on the upper part of the suspension tunnel pipe section 1' to be installed are respectively connected to the pair of front pipe sections on the
步骤四,先打开出口端密封门12和一对轨道槽密封装置8A(见图9),再控制安装台车4沿一对轨道8运行至前一段已安装好的悬浮隧道管节1(起步段隧道6)上后暂停前进,在安装台车4的前方沿悬浮隧道轴线的两侧对称地布置一对临时系缆墩13,并将安装台车4上的一对台车系泊卷扬机47上的缆绳130呈八字形地连接到该一对临时系缆墩13上(见图10);防止安装台车4在悬臂前进时和管节安装过程中因水流作用下安装台车4的位置发生偏移;临时系缆墩13为深水导管架+锚锭缆索结构型式,能实现周转使用功能,当悬浮隧道管节1安装向前推进一定距离后,两根缆绳130的角度不能满足安装台车4的稳定要求时,可拔起临时系缆墩13再重新安装;
步骤五,控制安装台车4的两对后底部滚轮4C继续向前行进,此过程中安装台车4的一对前底部滚轮4B静止不动,通过调整两根缆绳130的长度和张力控制安装台车4的前后位置,直至将待安装的悬浮隧道管节1’送到安装位置(见图11);
由于安装台车4和悬浮隧道管节1的整体浮重比接近1,其对已安装好的悬浮隧道管节1产生的竖向荷载很小,同时对施工过程中选择合理的水流速度时段,可以保证已安装悬浮隧道管节1的稳定和安全;Since the overall buoyant weight ratio of the
步骤六,通过安装台车4上的一对前管节沉放卷扬机46和一对后管节沉放卷扬机48调整待安装的悬浮隧道管节1’的高度和水平度,通过调整安装台车4的前后位置调整待安装的悬浮隧道管节1’的前后位置,同时在前一段已安装好的悬浮隧道管节1(起步段隧道6)上设置拉合装置控制待安装的悬浮隧道管节1’的平面位置,保证待安装的悬浮隧道管节1’能够与起步段隧道6(已安装好的悬浮隧道管节1)精确对接安装,然后将一对前管节沉放卷扬机46和一对后管节沉放卷扬机48与待安装的悬浮隧道管节1’脱钩,最后将对接好的悬浮隧道管节1’上的锚链1A与固定于海床上的锚固基础连接(见图12);
步骤七,待安装的悬浮隧道管节1’安装完成后,先控制安装台车4退回舾装室32,关闭出口端密封门12和轨道槽密封装置8A,通过给排水系统10将舾装室32内的水排干形成干施工条件(见图13);Step 7: After the installation of the floating tunnel pipe section 1' to be installed is completed, first control the
步骤八,重复步骤一至步骤七,进行后续段悬浮隧道管节至最后一段悬浮隧道管节的安装,在所有的悬浮隧道管节1安装完成后,拆除安装台车4,舾装室的出口采用现浇钢筋混凝土进行封堵,并在顶升室31的下部完成现浇钢筋混凝土隧道段3C的施工(见图14),实现悬浮隧道全部贯通。Step 8: Repeat steps 1 to 7 to install the subsequent floating tunnel pipe joints to the last floating tunnel pipe joints. After all the floating
本发明的锚固式悬浮隧道水下逐节安装的施工方法,都是在安装台车4上的操作室49内进行控制,该操作室49通过压力传感、测斜仪和视频方式对安装台车4的姿态和受力情况进行监测,并控制安装台车4上的一对前管节沉放卷扬机46和一对后管节沉放卷扬机48以及一对台车系泊卷扬机47对待安装的悬浮隧道管节1’的姿态进行控制,并通过浮重比调节系统45控制整个安装台车4的浮重比,使安装台车4在水下受力平衡。The construction method of the anchored floating tunnel underwater installation section by section of the present invention is all controlled in the
以上实施例仅供说明本发明之用,而非对本发明的限制,有关技术领域的技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,还可以作出各种变换或变型,因此所有等同的技术方案也应该属于本发明的范畴,应由各权利要求所限定。The above embodiments are only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention, rather than limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the relevant technical fields can also make various changes or modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent The technical solutions should also belong to the category of the present invention and should be defined by each claim.
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