CN111254979B - A cable anchor system for an underwater cable-stayed suspension tunnel - Google Patents
A cable anchor system for an underwater cable-stayed suspension tunnel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种水下斜拉式悬浮隧道的拉索锚锭系统,包括四个拉索接收井、四组拉索转向墩、拉索坡道和多道斜拉索。四个拉索接收井各自设在隧道两侧的此岸侧海岸上和对岸侧海岸上;每个拉索接收井包括拉索锚碇墩和监控室;四组拉索转向墩各自设在隧道两侧的此岸侧海岸的岸坡上和对岸侧海岸的岸坡上并一一对应地靠近四个拉索接收井;拉索坡道设在每组拉索转向墩与对应的拉索接收井之间的岸坡上;斜拉索的一端锚固于水中悬浮隧道的两侧面,另一端穿过拉索转向墩中的转向导缆器后沿着水下的拉索坡道引伸至地面,再锚固于拉索锚碇墩上。本发明的拉索锚锭系统,在隧道管节安装时可用于隧道定位;在隧道营运期又可进行索力监测与斜拉索维护及更换。
The invention discloses a cable anchor system for an underwater cable-stayed suspension tunnel, comprising four cable receiving wells, four groups of cable steering piers, cable ramps and multiple cables. Four cable receiving wells are respectively set on the shore side of the two sides of the tunnel and on the opposite bank side; each cable receiving well includes cable anchoring piers and monitoring room; four groups of cable steering piers are respectively located on the two sides of the tunnel. The bank slope of this side coast on the side and the bank slope of the opposite bank side are close to the four cable receiving wells in one-to-one correspondence; the cable ramps are located between each group of cable steering piers and the corresponding cable receiving wells. One end of the stay cable is anchored on both sides of the floating tunnel in the water, and the other end passes through the steering fairlead in the steering pier of the stay cable and extends to the ground along the underwater stay cable ramp, and then anchors On the cable anchor pier. The cable anchor system of the invention can be used for tunnel positioning when the tunnel pipe section is installed; during the tunnel operation period, it can also perform cable force monitoring and stay cable maintenance and replacement.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种水下悬浮隧道,具体涉及一种水下斜拉式悬浮隧道的拉索锚锭系统。The invention relates to an underwater suspension tunnel, in particular to a cable anchor system for an underwater cable-stayed suspension tunnel.
背景技术Background technique
水中悬浮隧道,英文名称为“Submerged Floating Tunnel”,简称“SFT”。在意大利又称“阿基米德桥”,简称“PDA”桥。一般由浮在水中一定深度的管状体(该管状体的空间较大,足以适应道路和铁道交通的要求)、支撑系统(锚固在海底基础上的锚缆、墩柱或水上的浮箱)及与两岸的构筑物组成。它是交通运输工具跨越被深水分隔的两岸之间的一种新型结构物,适用于所有需在水中穿行的交通运载工具,可通行火车、汽车、小型机动车和行人,还可以做成穿行各种管道和电缆的服务通道。水中悬浮隧道和传统的沉埋隧道或掘进隧道的区别是:悬浮隧道结构被水包围着,既不是位于地层上也不穿越地层,而是主要依靠其自身结构的重力、结构受到的浮力以及支撑系统的锚固力来保持在固定的位置上。悬浮隧道四周密封,这种结构具有普通隧道的所有特点,从使用的观点来看应被认为是“隧道”而不是“桥梁”。Submerged Floating Tunnel, the English name is "Submerged Floating Tunnel", or "SFT" for short. In Italy, it is also known as "Archimedes Bridge", referred to as "PDA" bridge. Generally, it consists of a tubular body floating at a certain depth in the water (the tubular body has a large space enough to meet the requirements of road and railway traffic), a support system (anchor cables anchored on the seabed foundation, piers or floating boxes on water) and It is composed of structures on both sides of the strait. It is a new type of structure for transportation vehicles to cross between the two banks separated by deep water. It is suitable for all transportation vehicles that need to pass through water. It can pass trains, cars, small motor vehicles and pedestrians. It can also be used to pass through various Service channels for pipes and cables. The difference between a suspended tunnel in water and a traditional submerged tunnel or excavated tunnel is that the suspended tunnel structure is surrounded by water, neither on the stratum nor through the stratum, but mainly depends on the gravity of its own structure, the buoyancy of the structure and the support The anchoring force of the system to hold it in a fixed position. Suspended tunnels are sealed all around, this structure has all the characteristics of a normal tunnel and should be considered a "tunnel" rather than a "bridge" from a usage point of view.
悬浮隧道可以穿越不同的水域,如河流、峡湾、海峡、湖泊等,对那些由于考虑深水或两岸距离太大而认为不可跨越的地方提供了可能和可以接受的固定跨越结构形式。悬浮隧道修建在水下一定深度,相比于水面敞开式通道和轮渡运输,恶劣的风浪、雾、雨、雪等天气不会对悬浮隧道的全天候运营带来影响。在保证相同通航能力的前提下,与桥梁相比悬浮隧道的坡度较为平缓而且总长度也减小,悬浮隧道在修建过程和投入使用都不会对环境和自然景观造成影响;当超过一定的跨度和水深时,悬浮隧道的单位造价不会随着跨越通道长度或水道深度的增加有显著提高,而斜拉桥和悬索桥的单位造价则会随着跨度的增加明显地增加。Suspended tunnels can pass through different waters, such as rivers, fjords, straits, lakes, etc., and provide a possible and acceptable fixed spanning structure form for those places that are considered insurmountable due to the consideration of deep water or the distance between the two banks is too large. The suspension tunnel is built at a certain depth underwater. Compared with the open channel on the water surface and ferry transportation, severe wind and waves, fog, rain, snow and other weather will not affect the all-weather operation of the suspension tunnel. On the premise of ensuring the same navigable capacity, compared with bridges, the slope of suspension tunnels is gentler and the overall length is also reduced. The suspension tunnels will not have any impact on the environment and natural landscape during the construction process or when they are put into use; when the span exceeds a certain span When the water depth increases, the unit cost of the suspension tunnel will not increase significantly with the increase of the spanning channel length or the channel depth, while the unit cost of the cable-stayed bridge and the suspension bridge will increase significantly with the increase of the span.
虽然悬浮隧道与沉管隧道、深埋隧道、桥梁等跨海通道方案相比,具有一定优势,但悬浮隧道的设计、施工仍然是一个世界性的难题,至今尚无建成的悬浮隧道。目前世界上主要有7个国家(挪威、意大利、日本、中国、瑞士、巴西、美国)在研究,研究发现的诸多技术问题主要有:总体结构布置、隧道材料、锚固系统结构型式、隧道连接型式及接岸结构设计、隧道结构可实施性、施工与营运风险等。这些问题能否解决,决定了悬浮隧道能否从可行性方案走向实际工程。Although suspended tunnels have certain advantages compared with immersed tunnels, deep buried tunnels, bridges and other cross-sea passage schemes, the design and construction of suspended tunnels are still a worldwide problem, and no suspended tunnels have been built yet. At present, there are 7 countries in the world (Norway, Italy, Japan, China, Switzerland, Brazil, and the United States). And the design of the landing structure, the feasibility of the tunnel structure, the construction and operation risks, etc. Whether these problems can be solved determines whether the suspension tunnel can move from a feasible solution to an actual project.
迄今为止,悬浮隧道研究中,根据悬浮隧道自身重力与所受浮力之间的关系,提出的结构型式大致可分为三类:浮筒式、锚固式、墩柱式。浮筒式悬浮隧道是通过锚索或锚链把隧道悬挂于水面的浮筒上,隧道重力大于浮力,垂直方向受潮位涨落影响很大;锚固式悬浮隧道是通过张力腿或锚索把隧道锚固于海床以下的锚碇基础上,隧道重力小于浮力,隧道会在水动力作用下发生位移或晃动;墩柱式其实是支承在水下墩柱上的隧道桥,施工难度大且造价昂贵。由于隧道漂浮于水中,隧道安装施工受风、浪、流及船行波等影响,三种型式的隧道水下定位、水下或水上对接施工难度都很大,且水下营运期舒适度及安全风险均难以预估。So far, in the study of suspended tunnels, according to the relationship between the gravity of the suspended tunnel itself and the buoyant force, the proposed structural types can be roughly divided into three categories: buoyant type, anchored type, and pier-column type. The buoy-type suspension tunnel is to suspend the tunnel on the buoy on the water surface through the anchor cable or anchor chain. The gravity of the tunnel is greater than the buoyancy, and the vertical direction is greatly affected by the fluctuation of the tide level. On the anchorage foundation below the bed, the gravity of the tunnel is less than the buoyancy, and the tunnel will be displaced or shaken under the action of hydrodynamics; the pier-column type is actually a tunnel bridge supported on underwater piers, which is difficult and expensive to construct. Since the tunnel floats in the water, the installation and construction of the tunnel is affected by wind, waves, currents and ships traveling waves. The three types of tunnels are difficult to locate underwater and connect underwater or above the water, and the comfort and safety during the underwater operation period are very difficult. Risks are difficult to predict.
为了使悬浮隧道的受力更为合理,减小施工期不利海况的影响,更有利于施工期的控制、营运期的维护与零部件更换,提出了一种水下斜拉式缆索体系悬浮隧道结构及隧道管节顶推安装的施工方法。水下斜拉式缆索体系悬浮隧道由水中悬浮隧道1、接岸结构2、斜拉索锚碇系统、浮重比调节系统、防撞警示系统、逃生系统、隧道附属设施等组成。水中悬浮隧道1与接岸结构2相连,通过陆域斜坡隧道6与地面道路连接,水中悬浮隧道1上设斜拉索3并固于隧道两侧岸5上的拉索锚碇墩4上形成稳定的受力体系(见图1)。斜拉式悬浮隧道的管节顶推安装的施工方法为:所有的管节在隧道陆域进(或出)口后方预制场预制后,经由陆域斜坡隧道6运输至接岸结构2内,进行逐节对接、二次舾装、密封入水,然后逐节顶推至对岸的接岸结构2内,顶推完成后,在接岸结构2内浇灌接岸段管节外表面的混凝土,完成水中悬浮隧道1两端的接岸段管节与接岸结构2的固结。In order to make the force of the suspension tunnel more reasonable, reduce the influence of the unfavorable sea conditions during the construction period, and be more conducive to the control during the construction period, the maintenance during the operation period and the replacement of parts, an underwater cable-stayed cable system suspension tunnel is proposed. Structure and construction method of jack-up installation of tunnel pipe sections. The underwater cable-stayed cable system suspension tunnel is composed of an underwater suspension tunnel 1, a shore connection structure 2, a cable-stayed anchor system, a floating-weight ratio adjustment system, an anti-collision warning system, an escape system, and tunnel auxiliary facilities. The underwater suspension tunnel 1 is connected to the shore connection structure 2, and is connected to the ground road through the land slope tunnel 6. The underwater suspension tunnel 1 is provided with
籍此需要提出一种与水下斜拉式缆索体系悬浮隧道结构及施工方法相对应的拉索锚锭系统。Therefore, it is necessary to propose a cable anchor system corresponding to the suspended tunnel structure and construction method of the underwater cable-stayed cable system.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的在于填补现有技术的空白而提供一种水下斜拉式悬浮隧道的拉索锚锭系统,它在隧道管节安装时,可用于隧道定位;在隧道营运期,又可进行索力监测与拉索维护及更换。The purpose of the present invention is to fill the gap of the prior art and provide a cable anchor system for an underwater cable-stayed suspension tunnel, which can be used for tunnel positioning when the tunnel pipe section is installed; Cable force monitoring and cable maintenance and replacement.
本发明的目的是这样实现的:一种水下斜拉式悬浮隧道的拉索锚锭系统,所述水下斜拉式悬浮隧道包括隧道本体、一对接岸结构、拉索锚碇系统和浮重比调节系统;所述隧道本体包括水中悬浮隧道和陆域斜坡隧道;The purpose of the present invention is to achieve this: a cable anchor system for an underwater cable-stayed suspension tunnel, the underwater cable-stayed suspension tunnel includes a tunnel body, a pair of shore structures, a cable anchor system and a floating Gravity ratio adjustment system; the tunnel body includes a water suspension tunnel and a land slope tunnel;
所述拉索锚碇系统采用双向单索面或双向双索面并包括四个拉索接收井、四组拉索转向墩、拉索坡道和多道斜拉索;其中,The cable anchor system adopts bidirectional single cable plane or bidirectional double cable plane and includes four cable receiving wells, four groups of cable steering piers, cable ramps and multi-channel stay cables; wherein,
四个拉索接收井一一对应设在隧道两侧的此岸侧海岸上和隧道两侧的对岸侧海岸上;每个所述拉索接收井包括拉索锚碇墩和监控室;所述拉索锚碇墩设在拉索接收井的下部;所述拉索锚碇墩的临水侧设有导缆器;拉索锚碇墩的中部开设索力监测槽,索力监测槽内设置索力监测器,索力监测槽的两端为锚碇块;拉索锚碇墩的后端设置电动锚机;所述监控室设在拉索接收井的上部,该监控室内设置斜拉索监控装置;Four cable receiving wells are located on the shore on both sides of the tunnel and on the opposite bank on both sides of the tunnel in one-to-one correspondence; each cable receiving well includes cable anchoring piers and a monitoring room; The cable anchor pier is arranged at the lower part of the cable receiving well; the water-facing side of the cable anchor pier is provided with a fairlead; the middle part of the cable anchor pier is provided with a cable force monitoring slot, and the cable force monitoring slot is arranged in the cable force monitoring slot. Force monitor, the two ends of the cable force monitoring slot are anchor blocks; the rear end of the cable anchor pier is provided with an electric windlass; the monitoring room is set at the upper part of the cable receiving well, and the monitoring room is provided with a stay cable monitoring device;
四组拉索转向墩一一对应设在隧道两侧的此岸侧海岸岸坡上和隧道两侧的对岸侧海岸岸坡上并一一对应地靠近四个拉索接收井;每组拉索转向墩均位于航道最大深度处;每组拉索转向墩的数量为斜拉索总道数的一半;每个拉索转向墩的底部均高于水中悬浮隧道的高程且不高于航道最小底高程;每个拉索转向墩的内部沿斜拉索方向设置拉索通道,拉索通道上预埋有转向导缆器;Four groups of cable steering piers are located on the shore slope on both sides of the tunnel and on the opposite shore side of the tunnel in a one-to-one correspondence, and are close to the four cable receiving wells in a one-to-one correspondence; each group of cable steering The piers are located at the maximum depth of the channel; the number of cable steering piers in each group is half of the total number of stay cables; the bottom of each cable steering pier is higher than the elevation of the suspended tunnel in the water and not higher than the minimum bottom elevation of the channel ;In the interior of each stay cable steering pier, a cable channel is set along the direction of the stay cable, and a steering fairlead is pre-embedded on the cable channel;
所述拉索坡道设在每组拉索转向墩与对应的拉索接收井之间的岸坡上;The cable ramp is arranged on the bank slope between each group of cable steering piers and the corresponding cable receiving well;
多道斜拉索的一半为此岸侧斜拉索,另一半为对岸侧斜拉索;每道斜拉索包括两根各自连接在水中悬浮隧道两侧的斜拉索或四根以两两一对各自连接在水中悬浮隧道两侧的斜拉索;所述此岸侧斜拉索的一端间隔地锚固在靠近此岸的一半长度的水中悬浮隧道的两侧外表面的拉索锚上,此岸侧斜拉索的另一端各自穿过设在此岸的两组拉索转向墩后沿拉索坡道引伸至地面,再锚固于设在此岸的两个拉索锚碇墩上;所述对岸侧斜拉索的一端间隔地锚固在靠近对岸的水中悬浮隧道的两侧外表面的拉索锚上,对岸侧斜拉索的另一端各自穿过设在对岸的两组拉索转向墩后沿拉索坡道引伸至地面,再锚固于设在对岸的两个拉索锚碇墩上。Half of the multi-channel stay cable is the bank side stay cable, and the other half is the opposite bank side stay cable; For the stay cables connected to the two sides of the water suspension tunnel respectively; one end of the shore side stay cable is anchored at intervals on the stay cable anchors on the outer surfaces of both sides of the water suspension tunnel near the half length of the bank, and the bank side is inclined. The other end of the stay cable passes through the two sets of stay-cable steering piers on the bank, and then extends to the ground along the stay-cable ramp, and then anchors on the two stay-cable anchor piers on the bank. One end of the cable is anchored at intervals on the cable anchors on the outer surfaces of the two sides of the water suspension tunnel close to the opposite bank. The road is extended to the ground, and then anchored on the two cable anchor piers on the opposite bank.
上述的水下斜拉式悬浮隧道的拉索锚锭系统,其中,所述拉索锚锭系统还包括四个各自设在四个拉索接收井的后方的陆上地面上的动力站。In the above-mentioned cable anchor system for an underwater cable-stayed suspension tunnel, the cable anchor system further includes four power stations each provided on the land behind the four cable receiving wells.
上述的水下斜拉式悬浮隧道的拉索锚锭系统,其中,所述拉索锚碇墩为下部设桩基础的钢筋混凝土墩式结构。In the above-mentioned cable anchor system of an underwater cable-stayed suspension tunnel, the cable anchor pier is a reinforced concrete pier structure with a pile foundation at the lower part.
上述的水下斜拉式悬浮隧道的拉索锚锭系统,其中,每个拉索转向墩为下部设桩基础的钢筋混凝土墩式结构。In the above-mentioned cable anchor system of an underwater cable-stayed suspension tunnel, each cable steering pier is a reinforced concrete pier structure with a pile foundation at the bottom.
上述的水下斜拉式悬浮隧道的拉索锚锭系统,其中,所述拉索坡道的结构至下而上依次为抛石护坡、碎石垫层和混凝土面层。In the above-mentioned cable anchor system of an underwater cable-stayed suspension tunnel, the structure of the cable ramp is composed of riprap slope protection, crushed stone cushion and concrete surface layer in order from bottom to top.
上述的水下斜拉式悬浮隧道的拉索锚锭系统,其中,所述斜拉索采用超高分子量聚乙烯纤维缆,斜拉索的水中浮重比为1。In the above-mentioned cable anchor system of an underwater cable-stayed suspension tunnel, the cable-stayed cable adopts an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber cable, and the water-floating-to-weight ratio of the cable-stayed cable is 1.
本发明的水下斜拉式悬浮隧道的拉索锚锭系统具有以下特点:The cable anchor system of the underwater cable-stayed suspension tunnel of the present invention has the following characteristics:
1)本发明的水下悬浮隧道拉索锚碇系统适用于斜拉式水下悬浮隧道型式,尤其适用于采用顶推安装工艺的斜拉式悬浮隧道型式。1) The underwater suspension tunnel cable anchor system of the present invention is suitable for the cable-stayed underwater suspension tunnel type, especially suitable for the cable-stayed suspension tunnel type using the jacking installation process.
2)本发明的拉索锚碇系统在隧道管节安装时,可用于隧道定位;在隧道营运期,又可进行索力监测与拉索维护及更换。2) The cable anchor system of the present invention can be used for tunnel positioning when the tunnel pipe section is installed; during the tunnel operation period, it can also perform cable force monitoring and cable maintenance and replacement.
3)本发明的水下悬浮隧道拉索锚碇系统将斜拉索引伸至水面以上,且拉索锚碇墩位于拉索监控室内,因此,悬浮隧道管节安装不受外海水文、气象条件制约,大大减少工期。3) The cable anchor system of the underwater suspension tunnel of the present invention extends the cable-stayed index to above the water surface, and the cable anchor pier is located in the cable monitoring room. Therefore, the installation of the suspension tunnel pipe joint is not restricted by the climatic and meteorological conditions of the open sea , greatly reducing the construction period.
4)本发明的水下悬浮隧道拉索锚碇系统能在施工期与营运期对悬浮隧道浮重比调节时相应调整斜拉索的长度和拉力。4) The stay cable anchorage system of the underwater suspension tunnel of the present invention can adjust the length and tension of the stay cable correspondingly when adjusting the buoyancy-to-weight ratio of the suspension tunnel during the construction period and the operation period.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是水下斜拉式悬浮隧道的平面图;Fig. 1 is the plan view of underwater cable-stayed suspension tunnel;
图2是本发明的水下斜拉式悬浮隧道的拉索锚锭系统的结构示意图;Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the cable anchor system of the underwater cable-stayed suspension tunnel of the present invention;
图3是本发明的水下斜拉式悬浮隧道的拉索锚锭系统中拉索接收井的结构示意图;Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the cable receiving well in the cable anchor system of the underwater cable-stayed suspension tunnel of the present invention;
图4是本发明的水下斜拉式悬浮隧道的拉索锚锭系统中拉索锚碇墩的结构示意图;Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the cable anchor pier in the cable anchor system of the underwater cable-stayed suspension tunnel of the present invention;
图5是本发明的水下斜拉式悬浮隧道的拉索锚锭系统中拉索转向墩的结构示意图。5 is a schematic structural diagram of a cable steering pier in the cable anchor system of the underwater cable-stayed suspension tunnel of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
请参阅图1至图5,本发明的水下斜拉式悬浮隧道的拉索锚锭系统,适用的水下斜拉式悬浮隧道由隧道本体、一对接岸结构2、斜拉索锚碇系统和浮重比调节系统、防撞警示系统、逃生系统、隧道附属设施等组成。隧道本体包括水中悬浮隧道1和陆域斜坡隧道6,水中悬浮隧道1由预制的多段隧道管节连接而成;一对接岸结构2各自设在两岸岸坡5附近的稳定地基上。Please refer to FIG. 1 to FIG. 5 , the cable anchor system of the underwater cable-stayed suspension tunnel of the present invention is suitable for the underwater cable-stayed suspension tunnel. It is composed of float-weight ratio adjustment system, anti-collision warning system, escape system, tunnel auxiliary facilities, etc. The tunnel body includes an underwater suspension tunnel 1 and a land slope tunnel 6. The underwater suspension tunnel 1 is connected by prefabricated multi-section tunnel pipe joints;
本发明的拉索锚碇系统采用双向单索面或双向双索面并包括四个拉索接收井4、四个动力站7、四组拉索转向墩8、拉索坡道9和多道斜拉索3。The cable anchoring system of the present invention adopts two-way single cable plane or two-way double cable plane and includes four
四个拉索接收井4一一对应设在隧道两侧的此岸侧海岸上和隧道两侧的对岸侧海岸上;每个拉索接收井4包括拉索锚碇墩4A和监控室4B;其中,The four
拉索锚碇墩4A设在拉索接收井4的下部;拉索锚碇墩4A为下部设桩基础40的钢筋混凝土墩式结构,以增加抗拔力并保证岸坡稳定;拉索锚碇墩4A的临水侧设有导缆器41,使斜拉索3转向水平方向;拉索锚碇墩4A的中部设有索力监测槽42,索力监测槽42内设置索力监测器43;索力监测槽42的两端为锚碇块,锚碇块均用于斜拉索3锚固;拉索锚碇墩4A的后端设置电动锚机44,用于斜拉索3张紧;The
监控室4B设在拉索接收井4的上部,监控室4B内设置斜拉索监控装置45。The
四个动力站7一一对应地设在四个拉索接收井4的后方的陆上地面上。The four
四组拉索转向墩8一一对应设在隧道两侧的此岸侧海岸岸坡上和隧道两侧的对岸侧海岸岸坡上并一一对应地靠近四个拉索接收井4;每组拉索转向墩8均位于航道最大深度处;每组拉索转向墩4的数量为斜拉索3总道数的一半;每个拉索转向墩8为下部设桩基础80的钢筋混凝土墩式结构;每个拉索转向墩8的底部均高于水中悬浮隧道1的高程且不高于航道最小底高程;每个拉索转向墩8的内部沿斜拉索3方向设置拉索通道,拉索通道上预埋有转向导缆器81。The four groups of
拉索坡道9设在每组拉索转向墩8与对应的拉索接收井4之间的岸坡上;拉索坡道9的结构至下而上依次为抛石护坡、碎石垫层和混凝土面层。The cable ramp 9 is arranged on the bank slope between each group of
多道斜拉索3的一半为此岸侧斜拉索,另一半为对岸侧斜拉索;若采用双向单索面,每道斜拉索3包括两根各自连接在水中悬浮隧道1两侧的斜拉索;若采用双向双索面,每道斜拉索3包括四根以两两一对各自连接在水中悬浮隧道1两侧的斜拉索;此岸侧斜拉索的一端间隔地锚固在靠近此岸的一半长度的水中悬浮隧道1的两侧外表面的拉索锚上,此岸侧斜拉索的另一端各自通穿过设在此岸的两组拉索转向墩8后沿拉索坡道9引伸至地面,再锚固于设在此岸的两个拉索锚碇墩4A上;对岸侧斜拉索3的一端间隔地锚固在靠近对岸的水中悬浮隧道1的两侧外表面的拉索锚上,对岸侧斜拉索的另一端各自穿过设在对岸的两组拉索转向墩8后沿拉索坡道9引伸至地面,再锚固于设在对岸的两个拉索锚碇墩4A上。Half of the
斜拉索3主要用于抵抗水流力等水平力,同时为了保持水中悬浮隧道1的水下稳定,水中悬浮隧道1的重力略大于浮力,同时考虑到营运期水中悬浮隧道1的自重可能会加大,因此斜拉索3同时承受部分隧道管节的重量产生的垂直力,斜拉索3必须具备耐磨、耐腐、抗拉强度高及便于更换等性能要求,因此斜拉索3采用超高分子量聚乙烯纤维缆,并且斜拉索3的水中浮重比为1。The
本发明的水下斜拉式悬浮隧道的拉索锚锭系统,主要用于固定水中悬浮隧道1,其基本原理是斜拉索3提供给水中悬浮隧道1斜向上的拉力,与隧道管节所承受的重力、水流力、波浪力等产生力的平衡,使水中悬浮隧道1能够稳定于设计位置。力的传递方式为隧道管节所受的荷载通过斜拉索3传递至拉索锚定墩4A。拉索锚碇系统需满足悬浮隧道施工期隧道管节水下顶推安装工艺要求和悬浮隧道使用期斜拉索3的锚碇与受力监控要求。设计的基本原则是受力体系合理、技术可靠、施工方便,同时具备良好的耐久性及可维护。The cable anchor system of the underwater cable-stayed suspension tunnel of the present invention is mainly used for fixing the underwater suspension tunnel 1. The balance of the generated forces such as gravity, water flow force, wave force, etc., enables the underwater suspension tunnel 1 to be stable in the design position. The force transmission mode is that the load on the tunnel pipe section is transmitted to the stay
斜拉索3锚固于岸上的拉索锚碇墩4A上,拉索锚碇墩4A必须位于海岸地面稳定的地基上,且满足边坡稳定的要求,必须进行抗拔力及对岸坡稳定性验算。拉索锚碇墩4A上布置索力监测器43与电动锚机44,用于索力监控。斜拉索3的索力监控、营运期的更换在拉索锚碇墩4A上的拉索监控室4B内进行。斜拉索3通过拉索转向墩8中的转向导缆器81沿着水下的拉索坡道9引伸至地面,锚固于拉索锚碇墩4A上;每道斜拉索3单独配置一个拉索转向墩8,拉索转向墩8是用于斜拉索3的转向并且是为了降低斜拉索3在水中的标高,使之不影响通航;斜拉索3由拉索转向墩8中的转向导缆器81的下部穿过,然后沿着拉索坡道9引伸至水面之上,以便于斜拉索3的张紧操作;当张紧斜拉索3时,拉索转向墩8受到向上的拉力,因此拉索转向墩8必须具有足够的抗拔力和承受水平荷载的能力。拉索转向墩8的底部高于隧道高程,且不高于航道最小底高程,拉索面与水平方向夹角不大于45°且拉索转向墩8必须位于岸坡内稳定的地基上,满足边坡稳定的要求,必须进行抗拔力及岸坡稳定性验算。拉索坡道9的坡面为整体式,即包括单侧所有斜拉索3的范围,既防止斜拉索3受到磨损,又对岸坡进行防护。The
本发明的水下斜拉式悬浮隧道的拉索锚锭系统的施工步骤如下:The construction steps of the cable anchor system of the underwater cable-stayed suspension tunnel of the present invention are as follows:
步骤一:拉索转向墩8的桩基水上沉桩。Step 1: The cable turns the pile foundation of the
步骤二:拉索转向墩8围堰施工;Step 2: Construction of
步骤三:拉索转向墩8现浇施工;Step 3: Cast-in-place construction of the
步骤四:拉索坡道9施工;Step 4: Construction of cable ramp 9;
步骤五:拉索锚碇墩4A的混凝土现浇施工;Step 5: Concrete cast-in-place construction of
步骤六:拉索转向墩8上的斜拉索3的临时导缆索安装;Step 6: The temporary fairlead installation of the
步骤七:拉索转向墩8的围堰拆除;Step 7: Remove the cofferdam of the
步骤八:隧道管节安装,斜拉索3安装、初张拉;Step 8: Installation of tunnel pipe sections, installation of
步骤九:水中悬浮隧道1的索力调节;Step 9: Adjust the cable force of the suspended tunnel 1 in the water;
步骤十:斜拉索3的锚固端保险索安装、封锚。Step 10: Install and seal the safety cable at the anchoring end of the
本发明的水下斜拉式悬浮隧道的拉索锚锭系统的施工要求是:The construction requirements of the cable anchor system of the underwater cable-stayed suspension tunnel of the present invention are:
斜拉索3与隧道管节的对接端在接岸结构2安装,并将其全部临时固定在隧道管节上,斜拉索3的另一端用牵引绳穿过拉索转向墩8并引至拉索锚定墩4A上。斜拉索3随隧道管节顶推出接岸结构2后张拉牵引绳将斜拉索3引至拉索锚定墩4A,然后根据隧道管节顶推及斜拉索3的受力要求调节斜拉索3的长度和拉力。斜拉索3的长度和拉力通过拉索锚定墩4A上的电动锚机44调整,斜拉索3的拉力大小通过索力监测器43实时测得。The butt end of the
拉索转向墩8位于水中,桩基80可以采用打桩船施工或水上搭设临时平台施工,混凝土墩台及附属设施安装可采用围堰法形成干施工条件后施工。The
拉索坡道9的水面以下部分可以由挖泥船进行基槽开挖,水上抛石护坡,潜水员水下整平碎石基础,混凝土面层采用预制安装方法施工;水面以上部分采用挖机进行土方开挖及基础换填,混凝土采用现浇工艺,必要时可以设置临时支护结构。The part below the water surface of the cable ramp 9 can be excavated by a dredger for foundation trenches, riprap on the water for slope protection, divers to level the gravel foundation underwater, and the concrete surface layer is constructed by prefabricated installation method; the part above the water surface is carried out by excavators Earthwork excavation and foundation replacement, the concrete is cast-in-place, and temporary support structures can be set up if necessary.
拉索锚碇井4的结构施工位于岸边,拉索锚定墩4A的施工可采用围堰内现浇法,其余结构均位于陆上地面以上,施工方法简便。The structural construction of the
以上实施例仅供说明本发明之用,而非对本发明的限制,有关技术领域的技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,还可以作出各种变换或变型,因此所有等同的技术方案也应该属于本发明的范畴,应由各权利要求所限定。The above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention, rather than limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the relevant technical field can also make various changes or modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalents The technical solution of the invention should also belong to the scope of the present invention and should be defined by the claims.
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| CN112554056B (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2022-04-22 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Horizontal anchorage structure of suspension bridge and construction method |
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