CN116283425B - Silicate slow-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Silicate slow-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116283425B CN116283425B CN202310353279.0A CN202310353279A CN116283425B CN 116283425 B CN116283425 B CN 116283425B CN 202310353279 A CN202310353279 A CN 202310353279A CN 116283425 B CN116283425 B CN 116283425B
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 235000012041 food component Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- LUMVCLJFHCTMCV-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;hydroxide;hydrate Chemical compound O.[OH-].[K+] LUMVCLJFHCTMCV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 21
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 9
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 9
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical group [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 7
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 6
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004762 CaSiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017625 MgSiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004176 ammonification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002366 mineral element Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
- C05G5/35—Capsules, e.g. core-shell
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention discloses a silicate slow release fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, the slow release fertilizer consists of a shell layer and an inner core, the inner core comprises a silicate porous carrier, a silicate binder and a mixture of nutritional components, the silicate porous carrier is formed by hydration reaction of silicate raw materials, the silicate binder is formed by acid dissolution and alkali neutralization of the silicate raw materials, the shell is formed by hydration reaction of the silicate raw materials to form a porous structure layer, and the shell accounts for 3-10% of the total weight of slow release fertilizer particles. The method comprises the following steps: adding acid into silicate raw materials for reaction, adding KOH for reaction, stirring with nutrient components, processing, granulating, and spraying a shell forming agent to obtain the slow-release fertilizer. The invention can solve the technical problem that the slow-release fertilizer can be disintegrated quickly after being contacted with water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, in particular to a silicate slow-release fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the development of agriculture and the continuous increase of the amount of agricultural products in China, the demand amount of fertilizer is in an increasing trend year by year. At present, the fertilizer type with larger dosage and wide coverage in the fertilizer field is compound fertilizer, which contains rich N, P and K elements, can improve the yield and quality of agricultural products after application, and is widely welcomed by the market. However, the existing production of compound fertilizer is mainly to prepare chemical fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements, such as urea, potassium chloride, potassium phosphate and the like, so that the cost is high, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are very soluble in water, the fertilizer efficiency of the compound fertilizer is easy to run off along with rainwater after application, the utilization rate is very low, and the effect of increasing the yield and income of crops cannot be achieved for a long time.
At the same time, during the metallurgical process, a large amount of silicate raw materials are generated, which are often discarded as waste and cannot be effectively utilized.
Patent publication number CN108569938A discloses a slow-release compound fertilizer prepared from industrial slag, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-120 parts of activated industrial slag, 20-30 parts of urea, 12-20 parts of ammonium hydrogen chloride, 20-25 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 0.3-0.5 part of potassium chloride, 50-60 parts of humus, 12-20 parts of ammonium hydrogen phosphate, 20-30 parts of adhesive and 50-60 parts of water; wherein the activated industrial slag is prepared from industrial slag, phosphoric acid solution and hydrochloric acid solution according to the mass ratio of 100-120:20-30:10-20. The slow-release compound fertilizer prepared by the invention takes activated industrial slag as a main raw material, and the industrial slag contains a large amount of mineral elements required by plants, and trace elements which are soluble in water are obtained after the activation treatment, so that the slow-release compound fertilizer is beneficial to plant absorption; mixing with other nitrogen-containing elements, preparing into particles by using a binder, and having good slow-release effect, wherein the release time of one fertilization can reach more than 80 days, thereby meeting the requirements of plant growth cycle on nitrogen elements and other trace elements, effectively reducing the fertilization times of fertilizer, and reducing the labor cost and the fertilizer use cost. However, trace elements such as Ca, mg, si and the like released by the compound fertilizer prepared by the technical scheme are citrate-soluble nutrients, and the proportion of the trace elements which can be absorbed and utilized by plants is very low; in addition, the compound fertilizer can be quickly disintegrated after contacting with water, so that the slow release effect of the compound fertilizer is affected, and the fertilizer efficiency time is shortened.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention aims to provide a silicate slow-release fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, which can solve the technical problem that the slow-release compound fertilizer can be rapidly disintegrated after being contacted with water.
In order to solve the technical problems, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a silicate slow-release fertilizer which is granular with a core-shell structure. Wherein:
the inner core of the slow release fertilizer granule comprises a mixture of silicate porous carrier, silicate binder and nutrient components, wherein the silicate porous carrier is formed by hydration reaction of silicate raw materials, the silicate binder is preferably potassium silicate, the silicate binder is formed by acid dissolution and alkali neutralization of the silicate raw materials, and the silicate porous carrier, the potassium silicate binder and the nutrient components are mixed and granulated to form the inner core which is easy to slowly release the nutrient components;
the shell of the slow release fertilizer granule is wrapped on the inner core, the shell is a porous structure layer formed by hydration reaction of silicate raw materials, the area of direct contact between the inner core of the slow release fertilizer and water is limited by the shell, so that the purpose of slow release of nutritional components in the inner core of the slow release fertilizer granule is realized, and the shell of the slow release fertilizer accounts for 3-10% of the total weight of the slow release fertilizer granule.
The silicate raw materials comprise magnesium silicate and/or calcium silicate, and the magnesium silicate and the calcium silicate can form a porous structure through hydration reaction, so that a silicate porous carrier and a shell with stable structure are formed; in order to solve the problem of waste of silicate industrial byproducts, the silicate raw material of the invention adopts silicate industrial byproducts, and the silicate industrial byproducts are byproducts which are generated in industrial production such as metallurgy and mainly contain silicate such as magnesium silicate, calcium silicate and the like. In order to meet the production requirement, a certain pretreatment is needed to be carried out on the silicate industrial byproducts before the silicate industrial byproducts are used so as to meet the requirement of national production standards on raw material use.
The hydrated silicate is a porous structure, when the hydrated silicate is used as a shell of the slow release fertilizer, external moisture can permeate to the core position of the slow release fertilizer particles through pores on the shell, at the moment, nutrient components (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium silicate, magnesium silicate and other medium and trace elements) in the core of the slow release fertilizer slowly dissolve out in water, and then slowly permeate out of the pores of the shell of the slow release fertilizer along with the water, so that the slow release fertilizer is absorbed by plants. Moreover, the finished product of the slow release fertilizer granule is quite stable and is difficult to disintegrate after being contacted with water.
In the invention, silicate binder, preferably potassium silicate, contained in the inner core is a good binder, and the silicate binder is granulated after being mixed with nutrient components, so that the granulation of the product is facilitated, and the strength of fertilizer granules can be increased.
The preferable scheme for obtaining the silicate binder is that the silicate industrial byproducts are firstly crushed into powder, then dissolved by hydrochloric acid solvent, and finally KOH is added to produce potassium silicate as the binder.
The nutrient components in the technical proposal of the invention comprise any combination of traditional fertilizers such as urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride and the like, and besides, the nutrient components also comprise byproducts which are generated in the treatment process of silicate industrial byproducts and can be absorbed by crop nutrition, such as active silicon and MgCl 2 、CaCl 2 Etc.
As a preferable scheme, the nutritional components comprise urea, monoammonium phosphate and potassium chloride, and the mass ratio of the three is 31:11: 25.
The preparation method of the silicate slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s0: preparing a silicate raw material, wherein the silicate raw material comprises magnesium silicate and/or calcium silicate; the silicate raw material is excessive, so that the excessive silicate raw material in the fertilizer particles is guaranteed to generate porous hydrated silicate through hydration reaction, and the release of fertilizer components in the inner core is facilitated;
s1: adding acid into silicate raw materials, converting insoluble silicate in the silicate raw materials, and reacting to obtain a first reaction mixture, wherein the acid is one or more of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and phosphoric acid;
the hydrochloric acid and the nitric acid are converted into soluble salts, and the sulfuric acid and the phosphoric acid are converted into salts with lower solubility, so that the salts are not beneficial to crop absorption. Hydrochloric acid and nitric acid are therefore preferred.
S2: adding KOH into the first reaction mixture for reaction, adding nutritional components, and stirring to obtain a second reaction mixture;
s3: granulating the second reaction mixture to obtain fertilizer granules;
s4: adding a shell forming agent to the surface of the fertilizer particles to obtain slow-release fertilizer particles; wherein the shell forming agent comprises one or more of calcium silicate or magnesium silicate. In the step, the wetting property of the surface of the fertilizer particles is utilized to actively adhere to the shell forming agent, so that a coating layer is formed, and the coating layer absorbs moisture in the fertilizer particles to generate hydration reaction to form a porous hydrated silicate shell.
For ease of preparation, the silicate raw material is preferably subjected to a pulverulent treatment.
Preferably, the silicate feedstock is a silicate industry byproduct. The silicate industrial byproducts contain a large amount of calcium silicate and magnesium silicate which are difficult to dissolve in water, and the silicate which is difficult to dissolve in water is converted into salt which is easy to dissolve in water and silicic acid by adding acid (preferably hydrochloric acid and/or nitric acid), so that plants can absorb and utilize the silicate conveniently, and the problem of low nutrient absorption and utilization of trace elements of slow-release fertilizer in the background technology is solved. Wherein, when hydrochloric acid is used, the chemical equation involved in the process is as follows:
CaSiO 3 +2HCL＝CaCl 2 +H 2 SiO 3
MgSiO 3 +2HCl＝H 2 SiO 3 +MgCl 2
in addition, potassium silicate is prepared by adding KOH, so that water-soluble potassium silicate, potassium salt and active silicon which are favorable for plant absorption are obtained, and the demand of gramineous plants for active silicon is high. The chemical equations involved in these are:
H 2 SiO 3 +2KOH＝K 2 SiO 3 +2H 2 O
potassium silicate is a good binder to facilitate product granulation and to increase the strength of the fertilizer granules. Therefore, the invention utilizes the adhesiveness of potassium silicate and the hydration reaction of silicate, so that the granulated slow-release fertilizer granules are difficult to disintegrate in water and can only slowly disintegrate in soil after fertilization, thereby achieving a long-term slow-release effect.
When the shell forming agent is sprayed or roll-coated on the surface of the fertilizer particles, calcium silicate and magnesium silicate can absorb residual moisture in the slow-release fertilizer particle inner core to generate hydration reaction, so that a hydrated silicate shell is formed, and the inner core can be dried and compacted more. Because the residual moisture in the inner core is generated by the reaction of silicic acid and KOH when potassium silicate is prepared, additional water is not needed in the whole production process of the slow-release fertilizer, so that the process flow can be saved, and the discharge of waste water and the like can be reduced. The hydrated silicate is a porous structure, water can permeate into the shell of the slow release fertilizer granule through the porous structure, and the nutrient components (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium silicate, magnesium silicate and other medium trace elements) in the inner core of the slow release fertilizer granule slowly permeate out of the capillary holes of the silicate shell after being dissolved in water from the inner core and are then absorbed by plants. Moreover, the finished product can not disintegrate rapidly after being contacted with water. The technical scheme is applicable to but not limited to roller granulation, high tower granulation, ammonification granulation and other processes.
Preferably, the silicate feedstock is a silicate industry byproduct.
Preferably, in S2, the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 30% (mass concentration), and the silicate raw material: hydrochloric acid solution: the mass ratio of KOH is 1.5:1:0.38.
preferably, in S3, the process of granulating the second reaction mixture is roller granulation.
In the preferred scheme, in S4, a shell forming agent is uniformly sprayed on the surface of fertilizer particles, wherein the shell forming agent accounts for 5% of the total weight of the slow release fertilizer, and the rotating speed of a polishing cylinder is 10-12 revolutions per minute.
As a preferable scheme, the method also comprises S5, wherein the fertilizer particles are subjected to drying treatment after being sprayed with the shell forming agent, and the drying temperature is 130-140 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
and (3) a step of: when hydrochloric acid and nitric acid are adopted to treat silicate raw materials, microelements such as Ca, mg, si and the like are all water-soluble nutrients, and the absorption and utilization rate of plants is high;
and II: the slow release fertilizer particles produced by the invention form a mixed wrapping state from the outer shell to the inner core, disintegrate slowly when meeting water, have good slow release effect in the use process, prolong the fertilizer efficiency time to the maximum extent, and in practical experiments, the fertilizer efficiency time is up to more than 82 days, and the yield is increased by more than 8 percent compared with the common compound fertilizer;
thirdly,: in the preparation process H 2 SiO 3 And KOH reacts to generate water, so that the non-wrapped fertilizer particles formed after granulation keep moist, the shell forming agent can react with water in the non-wrapped fertilizer particles after surface spraying of the shell forming agent to generate crystal hydrate to form a shell, internal moisture is reduced, drying time is saved, manufacturing cost is reduced, more energy is saved, environmental protection is achieved, in addition, the shell forming agent wraps the fertilizer particles, an isolation layer can be formed on the surfaces of the fertilizer particles, therefore, the fertilizer particles can be prevented from hardening, and the fertilizer particles are convenient to store and apply.
Fourth, the method comprises the following steps: the preparation method provided by the invention is simple and feasible, has a simple production process, is suitable for the existing production process of various compound fertilizers, and is convenient for large-scale production.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to examples. These examples are only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The experimental procedures, which are not specific to the particular conditions noted in the examples below, are generally performed under conditions conventional in the art or according to manufacturer's recommendations; the raw materials, reagents and the like used, unless otherwise specified, are those commercially available from conventional markets and the like. Any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art in light of the above teachings are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Examples 1 to 5:
roller granulation
The components and the amounts of the silicate slow release fertilizer are shown in table 1.
Step 1: preparing silicate industrial byproduct powder (the main components are calcium silicate and magnesium silicate, which are the same as the following), adding the powder into an acidification tank containing hydrochloric acid solution (the mass concentration is 30%) and fully reacting to obtain a first reaction mixture;
step 2: adding aqueous potassium hydroxide into the first reaction mixture, and fully reacting to obtain a second reaction mixture;
step 3: the second reaction mixture is added with nutrient components, stirred to form slurry, slurry particles are sprayed onto a rolling disc through a slurry spraying machine, and the nutrient components comprise urea, monoammonium phosphate and potassium chloride according to the following ratio of 31:11:25, wherein the step of adding the nutritional components is as follows: firstly, urea is added, and then monoammonium phosphate and potassium chloride are added;
step 4: the sprayed slurry particles roll in a rolling disc to form particles with smooth appearance;
step 5: the smooth particles are further sent into a roller for rolling polishing, and silicate industrial byproduct powder accounting for 5 percent of the total weight is uniformly sprayed or rolled on the surfaces of the particles, wherein the rotating speed of the polishing roller is as follows: 10-12 rpm;
step 6: the interior of the drum toasts the granules, wherein the toasting temperature: 130-140 ℃;
step 7: screening the particles after baking, and reprocessing the particles which are not matched with the size;
step 8: obtaining the slow release fertilizer.
Example 6:
the preparation method of the slow release fertilizer prepared from silicate raw materials is the same as that of the embodiment 1 in each step and the reagents and process parameters used in each step, except that the silicate raw material powder in the step 5 is changed into magnesium silicate powder.
Example 7:
the preparation method of the slow release fertilizer prepared from silicate raw materials is the same as that of the embodiment 1 in each step and the reagents and process parameters used in each step, except that the silicate raw material powder in the step 5 is changed into calcium silicate powder.
Example 8
The preparation method of the slow release fertilizer prepared from silicate raw materials, the steps and the reagents and process parameters used in the steps are the same as those in example 1, except that no drying treatment is performed in step 6.
Example 9
The preparation method of the slow-release fertilizer prepared from silicate raw materials comprises the same steps and the components, the amounts and the process parameters used in the steps as those in the example 1, except that sulfuric acid (the concentration is 30%) is added into an acidification tank.
Comparative examples 1 to 3
Comparative example 1
The preparation method for preparing the fertilizer comprises the steps and the components, the amounts and the process parameters used in the steps are the same as those in the embodiment 1, except that silicate raw material powder is not sprayed in the step 5.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method of the fertilizer comprises the steps and the components, the dosage and the technological parameters used in the steps are the same as those of the embodiment 1, except that 167kg of silicate raw material powder (added for the second time) is adopted, and the shell forming agent accounts for 15% of the total weight of the slow-release fertilizer particles.
Comparative example 3
A slow release fertilizer on the market.
TABLE 1 Components and contents (kg) of the controlled release fertilizers prepared in examples 1 to 5
Experimental test:
taking the fertilizers prepared in the examples and the comparative examples, carrying out sugarcane field comparative experiments, and providing an experimental group (using the fertilizers of the examples and the comparative examples) and a control group (using the common compound fertilizers on the market), wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer is the same and is 200g/m 2 The other field management measures are completely consistent, the using effect is represented by the increment of the yield of the sugarcane in the test group compared with the yield of the sugarcane in the control group, the slow release effect is represented by the time of fertilizer efficiency, and the experimental results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 experimental test results for fertilizers prepared in examples and comparative examples
| Detecting items | Effect of use | Sustained release effect |
| Example 1 | Yield is increased by 16 percent | Fertilizer efficiency for 102 days |
| Example 2 | Yield is increased by 11 percent | Fertilizer efficiency for 94 days |
| Example 3 | Yield is increased by 12 percent | Fertilizer efficiency for 96 days |
| Example 4 | Yield is increased by 10 percent | Fertilizer efficiency for 82 days |
| Example 5 | Yield is increased by 8 percent | Fertilizer efficiency for 100 days |
| Example 6 | Yield is increased by 16 percent | Fertilizer efficiency for 104 days |
| Example 7 | Yield is increased by 16 percent | Fertilizer efficiency for 100 days |
| Example 8 | Yield is increased by 14% | Fertilizer efficiency for 95 days |
| Example 9 | Yield is increased by 14% | Fertilizer efficiency for 94 days |
| Comparative example 1 | Yield is increased by 6 percent | Fertilizer efficiency for 36 days |
| Comparative example 2 | - | Almost no release |
| Comparative example 3 | Yield is increased by 6 percent | Fertilizer efficiency for 42 days |
| Common compound fertilizer | - | Fertilizer efficiency for 25 days |
As can be seen from the above examples 1-9, the slow release fertilizer prepared by the invention has the advantage of remarkable yield increasing effect compared with the common compound fertilizer in the market, and has longer slow release effect compared with the slow release fertilizer in the market. The yield of the slow-release fertilizer prepared in the examples 1-9 is increased by more than 8%, and the fertilizer efficiency is up to more than 82 days.
Comparing examples 1-3, it is evident that under the condition of example 1, the mass ratio of silicate raw material, hydrochloric acid, KOH is 1.5:1: the slow release fertilizer prepared at the time of 0.38 has better use effect and slow release effect than other embodiments, and the inner core of the slow release fertilizer is more beneficial to forming a uniform and fine porous structure at the ratio, so that nutrients in the particles are released more uniformly, and the slow release effect is improved.
The shell forming agents of the shell layers of the slow release fertilizer prepared in examples 1, 4 and 5 account for 5%, 3% and 10% of the total weight of the slow release fertilizer respectively, and it can be found that when the shell forming agents account for 5% of the total weight of the slow release fertilizer, the slow release long-acting effect is facilitated and the yield increase is also facilitated. The shell layer has smaller proportion, so that the nutritional components of the inner shell flow out quickly, the fertilizer efficiency time is short, and the shell layer has larger proportion, so that the nutritional components are not beneficial to flowing out, the crops cannot obtain enough nutrition, and the yield increase degree is reduced.
As is clear from example 8, the particles without the drying treatment are liable to cause an increase in the outflow rate of the nutritional components during use due to the residual moisture therein, which is disadvantageous for the improvement of the slow release effect.
As is clear from example 9, the use of sulfuric acid produces insoluble components such as calcium sulfate, which is detrimental to nutrient absorption by crops, resulting in a decrease in yield-increasing efficiency.
As is clear from comparative example 1, when silicate raw material powder is not sprayed, i.e., the prepared fertilizer granules have no coated outer shell, the slow release effect of the fertilizer granules is remarkably reduced, and the strength of the granules is also reduced due to no protection. Furthermore, the energy consumption required for the baking in step 6 is also greater, since there is no housing.
As is clear from comparative example 2, when the shell layer is relatively large, nutrients are difficult to release, so that the shell needs to be controlled to be 3-10% of the total weight of the slow-release fertilizer particles.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the scope of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or substituted equally without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A silicate slow release fertilizer, slow release fertilizer granule has core-shell structure, its characterized in that:
the preparation method of the silicate slow-release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
step 1), preparing silicate industrial byproduct powder, wherein the main components are calcium silicate and magnesium silicate, adding the calcium silicate and the magnesium silicate into an acidification tank containing hydrochloric acid solution, wherein the mass concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 30%, and fully reacting to obtain a first reaction mixture;
step 2), adding aqueous potassium hydroxide into the first reaction mixture, and fully reacting to obtain a second reaction mixture;
step 3), adding nutritional components into the second reaction mixture, stirring to form slurry, spraying slurry particles onto a rolling disc through a slurry spraying machine, wherein the nutritional components comprise urea, monoammonium phosphate and potassium chloride according to the following ratio of 31:11:25, wherein the step of adding the nutritional components is to firstly throw urea and then throw monoammonium phosphate and potassium chloride;
step 4), the ejected slurry particles roll in a rolling disc to form particles with smooth appearance;
step 5): the smooth particles are further sent into a roller for rolling polishing, and silicate industrial byproduct powder accounting for 5 percent of the total weight is uniformly sprayed or rolled on the surfaces of the particles, wherein the rotating speed of the polishing roller is 10-12 revolutions per minute;
step 6), baking the particles in the roller, wherein the baking temperature is 130-140 ℃;
step 7), screening the particles after baking, and reprocessing the particles which are not in the same size;
step 8), obtaining a slow release fertilizer;
150kg of silicate industrial byproduct powder is added for the first time, 100kg of hydrochloric acid is added, 50kg of potassium hydroxide monohydrate is added, 670kg of nutritional components are added, and 50kg of silicate industrial byproduct powder is added for the second time;
the fertilizer is suitable for sugarcane.
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| CN103073356A (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2013-05-01 | 辽宁施壮肥业有限公司 | Production method of slow-release chelated compound fertilizer containing multiple elements |
| CN103664368A (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2014-03-26 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Silicon compound coated slow release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN107245001A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-10-13 | 河南省科学院地理研究所 | A kind of functional slow-release fertilizer and its production method |
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