CN116267971A - 一种可滴灌或浇灌使用的新型杀螨制剂 - Google Patents
一种可滴灌或浇灌使用的新型杀螨制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116267971A CN116267971A CN202111514731.4A CN202111514731A CN116267971A CN 116267971 A CN116267971 A CN 116267971A CN 202111514731 A CN202111514731 A CN 202111514731A CN 116267971 A CN116267971 A CN 116267971A
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Classifications
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- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having no bond to a nitrogen atom
- A01N47/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having no bond to a nitrogen atom containing —O—CO—O— groups; Thio analogues thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
- A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可滴灌或浇灌使用的新型杀螨制剂,是以氯唑螨酯为活性组分的悬浮剂,制剂主要组分及重量百分含量为:氯唑螨酯1%~30%,分散剂1%~10%,润湿剂0.1%~15%,增稠剂0.3%~5%,防腐剂0.1%~0.3%,防冻剂1%~5%,消泡剂0.1%~0.5%,余量为水。本发明所述制剂具有优异的内吸传导性能,可以通过滴灌或浇灌的方式使用,用于防治常见害螨。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农用杀螨剂领域,具体涉及一种可滴灌或浇灌使用的新型杀螨制剂及其应用。
背景技术
螨类是一种农业生产中常见的有害生物,主要危害叶片、嫩梢和果实,常造成植株落叶,生长受抑制甚至枯死,对农作物的生长造成了极大的危害。因其体积小、繁殖快,在农业生产中,常需多次喷雾施药,而在喷雾施药过程中,因药剂漂移对施药人员的健康会造成了一定的伤害,同时对生态环境也有一定的影响,另外由于多次施药,人工防治成本较高,不利于农业生产的健康发展。
氯唑螨酯具有如下结构式(I),是一种新型丙烯腈类杀螨剂,其对成螨、若螨、螨卵均具优异的防效,对作物安全,是一种高效杀螨剂,具有广阔的市场应用前景,结构式如下:
现有技术中仅提到氯唑螨酯可加工成制剂,但没有具体的技术方案。而目前关于丙烯腈类杀螨剂的制剂技术中,其施药技术主要以喷雾施药为主,而喷雾过程中产生的药液飘移容易对施药人员的健康造成伤害以及对环境造成一定的污染。
专利CN109105382A公开了一种农药组合物,其活性成分为腈吡螨酯和环氧虫啉,所述腈吡螨酯与环氧虫啉的质量比为1~20:1~20。专利CN109699649B 公开了一种含丁氟螨酯的杀螨组合物,有效成分由化合物A和化合物B复配而成,化合物A与化合物B的质量比为30~1:1~30,所述化合物A为丁氟螨酯,所述化合物B为天维菌素或岩白菜内酯。专利CN103651381B公开了一种以化合物A为杀螨活性组分的水悬浮剂。这些组合物或水悬浮剂均是喷雾施药。
目前,尚未见丙烯腈类杀螨剂有关内吸传导性的报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是开发一种可滴灌或浇灌使用的新型杀螨制剂,以氯唑螨酯为活性组分,通过在制剂体系中加入合适的助剂,在助剂和其特定配比的协同作用下,提高氯唑螨酯在植物体的内吸传导性,从而可以通过滴灌或浇灌的方式防治农业生产中常见的害螨,避免了喷雾施药时对施药人员的健康造成的危害以及因药液飘逸对环境生态造成的破坏,同时可以节省劳动力,降低农业生产成本,符合当前农药剂型发展的新方向。
由于水悬浮剂不但具有粒径小、分散性好、流动性好、悬浮率高、生物活性高、使用剂量小等优点,而且具有耐雨水冲刷、残留低、对人畜低毒等优点,同时水悬浮剂的生产与使用中无粉尘漂移、不易燃易爆、安全性好,易于包装、运输和贮藏,本发明提供了一种以氯唑螨酯为活性组分的杀螨剂水悬浮剂,能够更好地发挥原药生物活性和有效防治害螨。
为了实现本发明的目的,发明人根据其作用靶标及应用方式,筛选合适的助剂和配比,以提高助剂对氯唑螨酯分子的吸附与包裹性能,同时利用助剂的亲水链结构,提高其在植物体中的润湿、渗透及传导性能,从而使有效成分能够从植株的根部、茎部传导到植株的叶片、嫩梢和果实中,达到可以通过滴灌或浇灌的施药方式防治害螨的目的。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种可滴灌或浇灌使用的新型杀螨制剂,以氯唑螨酯为活性组分的悬浮剂,制剂中主要组分及重量百分含量为:氯唑螨酯1%~30%,分散剂1%~10%,润湿剂0.1%~15%,增稠剂0.3%~5%,防腐剂0.1%~0.3%,防冻剂1%~5%,消泡剂 0.1%~0.5%,余量为水。
优选地,所述制剂还包含植物油或乳化剂。具体地,所述制剂主要组分及重量百分含量为:氯唑螨酯1%~30%,植物油1%~20%,分散剂1%~10%,润湿剂0.1%~15%,乳化剂3%~20%,增稠剂0.3%~5%,防腐剂0.1%~0.3%,防冻剂1%~5%,消泡剂0.1%~0.5%,余量为水。
更为优选地,所述制剂中,各组分的重量百分含量为:氯唑螨酯5%~30%,植物油5%~15%,分散剂3%~8%,润湿剂1%~5%,乳化剂3%~10%,增稠剂0.3%~ 1%,防腐剂0.1%~0.3%,防冻剂1%~3%,消泡剂0.1%~0.3%,余量为水。
具体地,本发明所述制剂中,所述植物油选自玉米油、大豆油、菜籽油、油酸甲酯、甲基化玉米油、甲基化菜籽油、甲基化大豆油、棕榈油、松脂基植物油中的至少一种。
所述分散剂选自丙烯酸均聚物钠盐、马来酸二钠盐、萘磺酸甲醛缩合物钠盐、松香嵌段聚氧乙烯醚聚氧丙烯醚磺酸盐、端羟基聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚嵌段共聚物、三苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯、对羟苯基木质素磺酸钠盐中的至少一种。
所述润湿剂选自脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、萘磺酸盐、十二烷基硫酸钠、烷基酚树脂聚氧乙烯醚硫酸盐中的至少一种。
所述乳化剂包括非离子型乳化剂和阴离子型乳化剂。具体地,所述非离子型乳化剂选自壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、苯乙烯基苯基聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚、端羟基聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚、苯乙烯基苯酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚中的至少一种;所述阴离子型乳化剂选自十二烷基苯磺酸钙、三苯乙基酚聚氧乙醚磷酸酯胺盐、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯胺盐、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯胺盐中的至少一种。
所述增稠剂选自黄原胶、硅酸镁铝、海藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠、阿拉伯胶、明胶、聚乙烯醇中的至少一种。
所述防腐剂选自苯甲酸钠、1,2-苯并异噻唑啉-3-酮、卡松、山梨酸钾中的至少一种。
所述防冻剂选自乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇中的至少一种。
所述的消泡剂为有机硅油消泡剂。
本发明还提供了一种可滴灌或浇灌使用的新型杀螨制剂的制备方法,所述方法包括:将氯唑螨酯、植物油、分散剂、润湿剂、乳化剂、增稠剂、防腐剂、防冻剂、消泡剂、和水按配比进行混合,搅拌均匀。
具体地,所述制备方法包括:
S1.将分散剂、润湿剂、防冻剂、消泡剂、防腐剂按配比加入到水中搅拌均匀;
S2.再加入氯唑螨酯,搅拌均匀后加入到砂磨机中进行砂磨,将所述氯唑螨酯粒径D90研磨至2.5~4.0μm,过滤后得到料液;
S3.将乳化剂和植物油先搅拌均匀,再在高剪切下加入到料液中,剪切均匀后,加入增稠剂,搅拌均匀,得到所述新型杀螨制剂。
本发明还提供了一种可滴灌或浇灌使用的新型杀螨制剂应用,具体地,所述制剂,可以使用前经稀释或直接兑水滴灌/浇灌施用,也可以在使用前经稀释或直接兑水喷雾施用。所述制剂以30~90克有效成分/公顷施于需要控制的害螨或其生长的介质上。
本发明通过在配方体系中添加了合适比例的助剂,极大提高了有效成分氯唑螨酯在植物体中的内吸传导性,从而使本发明的制剂具有较好的内吸传导活性,从而可以通过滴灌或浇灌的施药方式使用。
本发明所述制剂防治农业、林业或卫生上害螨。所述害螨主要包括棉花红蜘蛛、柑橘红蜘蛛、茄子红蜘蛛、月季红蜘蛛。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果包括:
1.本发明所述制剂具有优异的内吸传导性能,可以通过滴灌、浇灌的方式使用,对环境污染小,施用方便,对生产者和使用者以及环境安全;
2.本发明以水为基质,产品成本低,容易包装;
3.本发明具有流动性好、悬浮率高和持效性好,防治效果优于现有的药剂;
4.本发明具有良好的物化稳定性能,易贮存。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例来对本发明进行进一步说明,但并不将本发明局限于这些具体实施方式。本领域技术人员应该认识到,本发明涵盖了权利要求书范围内所可能包括的所有备选方案、改进方案和等效方案。
实施例1、30%氯唑螨酯悬浮剂
表1、30%氯唑螨酯水悬浮剂配方
将表1所述配方组分按照上述的制备方法进行制备水悬浮剂。经检测,所述水悬浮剂的主要理化性能指标见表2。
表2、30%氯唑螨酯悬浮剂主要理化性能指标
实施例2、20%氯唑螨酯悬浮剂
表3、20%氯唑螨酯悬浮剂配方
将表3所述配方组分按照上述的制备方法进行制备水悬浮剂。经检测,所述水悬浮剂的主要理化性能指标见表4。
表4、20%氯唑螨酯悬浮剂主要理化性能指标
实施例3、10%氯唑螨酯悬浮剂
表5、10%氯唑螨酯悬浮剂配方
组分 | 百分含量,% |
氯唑螨酯 | 10 |
松香嵌段聚氧乙烯醚聚氧丙烯醚磺酸盐 | 3 |
对羟苯基木质素磺酸钠盐 | 0.5 |
脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚 | 2 |
大豆油 | 16 |
蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚 | 1.8 |
丙二醇 | 3 |
1,2-苯并异噻唑啉-3-酮 | 0.2 |
黄原胶 | 0.15 |
有机硅消泡剂 | 0.2 |
水 | 补齐 |
将表5所述配方组分按照上述的制备方法进行制备水悬浮剂。经检测,所述水悬浮剂的主要理化性能指标见表6。
表6、10%氯唑螨酯悬浮剂主要理化性能指标
实施例4、30%氯唑螨酯悬浮剂的内吸传导性试验
将室内沙土种植的蚕豆苗用清水清洗根部后,插入到锥形瓶中,每个锥形瓶插入一棵蚕豆苗,每棵苗保留2片真叶,接入20头健康的朱砂叶螨成螨,然后将稀释好的药液(50ml)加入到锥形瓶中,瓶口用保鲜膜密封(保证蚕豆苗根部能够充分的接触药液,同时叶片及茎部不能接触药液),2天后调查不同药剂处理对朱砂叶螨的生物活性,试验结果见表7。其中对照药剂主要选自30%腈吡螨酯悬浮剂、20%唑醚螨腈悬浮剂、20%丁氟螨酯悬浮剂、5%氯唑螨酯溶液(溶剂为DMF)。
表7、不同制剂的内吸传导性测试
从该测试结果中可以看出,本发明的制剂相比对照药剂丙烯腈类杀螨剂30%腈吡螨酯悬浮剂和20%唑醚螨腈悬浮剂具有较好的内吸传导活性。同时与未添加任何助剂的5%氯唑螨酯溶液相比,本发明的30%氯唑螨酯悬浮剂,通过在配方体系中添加了特殊的助剂,极大提高了有效成分氯唑螨酯在植物体中的内吸传导性,从而使本发明的制剂具有较好的内吸传导活性,从而可以通过滴灌或浇灌的施药方式使用。
实施例5、20%氯唑螨酯悬浮剂对棉花红蜘蛛的田间药效试验
20%氯唑螨酯悬浮剂对棉花红蜘蛛的田间药效试验在配备有滴灌设施的棉花田中进行,将20%氯唑螨酯悬浮剂按照有效成分75克/公顷的剂量加入到水槽中进行滴灌处理。其余对照药剂按照有效成分75克/公顷的剂量进行常规人工喷雾处理,然后分别调查药后3天、7天、14天、30天的防效,试验结果见表 8。
表8、不同药剂对棉花红蜘蛛的防效
实施例5中,按照常规人工喷雾每亩耗时1小时计算,施药6亩地耗时人工6小时,而采用本发明专利中的氯唑螨酯悬浮剂进行滴灌施药,则30分钟内可以完成,可以节省农业生产中的人工成本。从实施例5可以看出,采用氯唑螨酯悬浮剂进行滴灌施药,其药后30天的防效达到90%以上,高于同类药剂喷雾时的防效,说明该技术施药时对棉花红蜘蛛具有较好的持效期,可以减少施药次数,符合国家农药减量的发展方针。
实施例6、10%氯唑螨酯悬浮剂对草莓红蜘蛛的田间药效试验
10%氯唑螨酯悬浮剂按照有效成分60克/公顷的剂量进行滴灌处理,其余对照药剂按照有效成分60克/公顷的剂量进行喷雾处理,然后分别调查药后3天、 7天、14天、30天的防效,试验结果见表9。
表9不同药剂对草莓红蜘蛛的田间防效
从实施例6可以看出,采用氯唑螨酯悬浮剂进行滴灌施药,其药后30天的防效达到90%以上,高于同类药剂喷雾时的防效,说明该技术施药时对草莓红蜘蛛具有较好的持效期,可以减少施药次数,符合国家农药减量的发展方针。
Claims (5)
1.一种可滴灌或浇灌使用的新型杀螨制剂,其特征在于:所述制剂是以氯唑螨酯为活性组分的悬浮剂,所述制剂主要组分及重量百分含量为:氯唑螨酯1%~30%,分散剂1%~10%,润湿剂0.1%~15%,增稠剂0.3%~5%,防腐剂0.1%~0.3%,防冻剂1%~5%,消泡剂0.1%~0.5%,余量为水。
2.根据权利要求1所述的新型杀螨制剂,其特征在于:所述制剂还包含植物油或乳化剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的新型杀螨制剂,其特征在于:所述制剂主要组分及重量百分含量为:氯唑螨酯1%~30%,植物油1%~20%,分散剂1%~10%,润湿剂0.1%~15%,乳化剂3%~20%,增稠剂0.3%~5%,防腐剂0.1%~0.3%,防冻剂1%~5%,消泡剂0.1%~0.5%,余量为水。
4.根据权利要求1所述的新型杀螨制剂,其特征在于:所述制剂可以滴灌、浇灌或喷雾使用。
5.一种根据权利要求1所述的新型杀螨制剂的应用,其特征在于:所述制剂防治农业、林业或卫生上害螨。
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