CN116265589A - 一种12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢的热处理方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢的热处理方法,属于铁基合金的热处理技术领域。本发明的的热处理方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:将待处理12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢依次进行淬火处理、回火处理;所述淬火处理是将待处理索氏体不锈钢于真空条件下在1010~1030℃进行保温后,在惰性气氛中油冷;所述回火处理是将淬火处理后的索氏体不锈钢于真空条件下在450~470℃进行保温后在惰性气氛中油冷。本发明的热处理方法,将待处理索氏体不锈钢在1010~1030℃保温淬火后在450~470℃较低的回火温度下能够显著提高12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢的表面硬度和抗拉强度,同时使其保持较高的延伸率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢的热处理方法,属于铁基合金的热处理技术领域。
背景技术
12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢是近几年来开发出的一种新型不锈钢种,具有晶粒细小(10-12级)、低温性能好、耐蚀性好、强度高等特点,已完成初步开发和工业应用。目前对12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢的基础理论研究主要集中在显微组织、耐蚀性能和力学性能均等方面,对其热处理工艺的研究较少。12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈结构钢可以通过对热轧板进行空冷淬火+高温回火热处理得到回火索氏体组织。朱成林等在《淬火温度对12Cr14Ni2不锈结构钢组织及力学性能的影响》(《东北大学学报(自然科学版)》第42卷第6期,2021年6月)报道了将12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈结构钢热轧板在900~1050℃保温0.5h淬火+710℃保温2h回火处理,其中实验钢在1050℃保温0.5h淬火+710℃保温2h回火处理后的抗拉强度可达789MPa,屈服强度为628MPa。其研究所采用的12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈结构钢的化学成分见表1。
表1 12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢化学成分要求wt%
C | Si | Mn | P | S | O | Cr | Ni | Fe |
0.10~0.13 | 0.2~0.4 | 0.4~0.6 | 0.03~0.5 | ≤0.003 | ≤0.002 | 13.5~14.5 | 1.8~2.2 | 余量 |
尽管在1050℃保温0.5h淬火+710℃回火2h处理后对上述12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈结构钢进行热处理后,索氏体不锈钢表现出了较高的抗拉强度。但将其用于高压开关行业的传动轴类等零件上时,该热处理后的索氏体不锈钢仍不能满足强度、硬度的要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢的热处理方法,能够显著提高索氏体不锈钢的抗拉强度和硬度。
为了实现以上目的,本发明所采用的技术方案是:
一种12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢的热处理方法,包括以下步骤:将待处理12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢依次进行淬火处理、回火处理;所述淬火处理是将待处理12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢于真空条件下在1010~1030℃进行保温后,在惰性气氛中油冷;所述回火处理是将淬火处理后的12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢于真空条件下在450~470℃进行保温后在惰性气氛中油冷。
本发明的12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢的热处理方法,将待处理索氏体不锈钢在1010~1030℃保温淬火后在450~470℃较低的温度回火下能够显著提高12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢的表面硬度和抗拉强度,同时使12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢保持较高的延伸率。
本发明的12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢的热处理方法可以使12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢的抗拉强度达到1389.33MPa,硬度达到41.4HRC。
由于12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢导热性差,水冷容易出现淬裂,空冷冷却速度慢,影响强度硬度的提高,因此淬火处理的冷却方式和回火处理的冷却方式均选择油冷。
进一步地,在1010℃~1030℃进行保温的时间为30~40min,例如为35min。在450~470℃进行回火的时间为55~65min,例如为60min。
由于12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢导热系数小,导热性较差,升温过快时应力大容易出现裂纹,进一步地,在1010~1030℃进行保温前,先将待处理索氏体不锈钢在真空条件下加热至690~710℃进行保温,然后再在真空条件下升温至1010~1030℃进行保温。将索氏体不锈钢在淬火温度前先升温至690~710℃进行保温,能够控制升温速度,避免裂纹出现。进一步地,在690~710℃进行保温的时间为25-35min,例如为30min。
进一步地,所述12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢由以下质量百分比的组分组成:C 0.06~0.23%、Si≤0.9%、Mn≤0.9%、P≤0.08%、S≤0.008%、Cr 13~15%、Ni 1.7~2.1%,余量为Fe。更进一步地,所述12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢由以下质量百分比的组分组成:C0.09%、Si0.32%、Mn 0.57%、P 0.078%、S 0.006%、Cr 13.6%、Ni 2.03%,余量为Fe。
进一步地,所述待处理12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢是将12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢钢水连铸后轧制,然后在950℃淬火后重新加热到680℃回火得到。
进一步地,所述惰性气氛为氮气气氛。
进一步地,所述淬火处理是将待处理12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢于真空条件下升至700℃保温后30min再升温至1010~1030℃保温35min后,在惰性气氛中油冷。所述回火处理是将淬火处理后的12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢于真空条件下在450~470℃保温60min后在惰性气氛中油冷。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案作进一步的说明。
以下实施例以及对比例中待处理12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢采用包括以下步骤的方法制得:使用电炉、转炉冶炼后经过AOD冶炼、LF精炼,对钢水进行脱碳、脱氧、脱硫,再经连铸和轧制,再在950℃淬火后重新加热到680℃回火以保证获得细晶粒回火索氏体组织。制得的12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢的组成如表2。
表2实施例及对比例中12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢的元素组成(wt%)
C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | Fe |
0.09 | 0.32 | 0.57 | 0.078 | 0.006 | 13.6 | 2.03 | 余量 |
实施例1
本实施例的12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢的热处理方法,包括以下步骤:将待处理12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢在真空条件下加热至700℃保温35min,然后在真空条件下升温至1020℃继续保温35min后在氮气气氛中油冷(淬火处理),然后在真空条件下加热至460℃保温60min后在氮气气氛中油冷(回火处理)。
回火前,对淬火后的12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢的表面硬度进行测试为47HRC。
实施例2
本实施例的12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢的热处理方法,包括以下步骤:将待处理12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢在真空条件下加热至690℃保温40min,然后在真空条件下升温至1030℃继续保温30min后在氮气气氛中油冷(淬火处理),然后在真空条件下加热至470℃保温55min后在氮气气氛中油冷(回火处理)。
回火前,对淬火后的12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢的表面硬度进行测试为47.1HRC。
实施例3
本实施例的12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢的热处理方法,包括以下步骤:将待处理12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢在真空条件下加热至710℃保温30min,然后在真空条件下升温至1010℃继续保温40min后在氮气气氛中油冷(淬火处理),然后在真空条件下升加热至450℃保温65min后在氮气气氛中油冷(回火处理)。
回火前,对淬火后的12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢的表面硬度进行测试为47HRC。
实施例1~3中的表面硬度按照《GBT 230.1金属洛氏硬度试验方法》测得、
对比例
本对比例的12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢的热处理方法与实施例的区别仅在于:本对比例中回火处理的保温温度为560℃。
实验例
分别对实施例、对比例以中热处理后的12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢、以及实施例热处理前的12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢的抗拉强度、硬度以及延伸率进行测试,其中抗拉强度及延伸率依据国家标准《GBT 228.1金属材料室温拉伸试验方法》进行检测,硬度依据国家标准《GBT230.1金属洛氏硬度试验方法》进行检测,测试结果见表3。
表3抗拉强度、硬度和延伸率测试结果
抗拉强度/MPa | 硬度/HRC | 延伸率/% | |
实施例1 | 1389.33 | 41.4 | 18 |
实施例2 | 1410 | 41.5 | 17.6 |
实施例3 | 1379 | 41.3 | 17.2 |
对比例 | 975 | 29.8 | 17.2 |
热处理前 | 800 | 28 | 17 |
由表3中数据可知,采用发明的热处理方法对12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢热处理后,12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢的抗拉强度和硬度得到显著提升。
Claims (10)
1.一种12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢的热处理方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:将待处理12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢依次进行淬火处理、回火处理;
所述淬火处理是将待处理12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢于真空条件下在1010~1030℃进行保温后,在惰性气氛中油冷;
所述回火处理是将淬火处理后的12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢于真空条件下在450~470℃进行保温后在惰性气氛中油冷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢的热处理方法,其特征在于:在1010℃~1030℃进行保温的时间为30~40min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢的热处理方法,其特征在于:在450~470℃进行回火的时间为55~65min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢的热处理方法,其特征在于:在1010~1030℃进行保温前,先将待处理索氏体不锈钢在真空条件下加热至690~710℃进行保温,然后再在真空条件下升温至1010~1030℃进行保温。
5.根据权利要求4所述的12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢的热处理方法,其特征在于:在在690~710℃进行保温的时间为25~35min。
6.根据权利要求1~4中任意一项所述的12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢的热处理方法,其特征在于:所述索氏体不锈钢由以下质量百分比的组分组成:C 0.06~0.23%、Si≤0.9%、Mn≤0.9%、P≤0.08%、S≤0.008%、Cr 13~15%、Ni 1.7~2.1%,余量为Fe。
7.根据权利要求6所述的12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢的热处理方法,其特征在于:所述索氏体不锈钢由以下质量百分比的组分组成:C 0.09%、Si0.32%、Mn 0.57%、P 0.078%、S0.006%、Cr 13.6%、Ni 2.03%,余量为Fe。
8.根据权利要求1~4中任意一项所述的12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢的热处理方法,其特征在于:所述待处理12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢是将12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢钢水连铸后轧制,然后在950℃淬火后重新加热到680℃回火得到。
9.根据权利要求1~4中任意一项所述的12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢的热处理方法,其特征在于:所述惰性气氛为氮气气氛。
10.根据权利要求1~4中任意一项所述的12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢的热处理方法,其特征在于:所述淬火处理是将待处理12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢于真空条件下升至700℃保温后30min再升温至1010~1030℃保温35min后,在惰性气氛中油冷;
所述回火处理是将淬火处理后的12Cr14Ni2索氏体不锈钢于真空条件下在450~470℃保温60min后在惰性气氛中油冷。
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