CN116239793A - 一种酸性矿源黄腐酸钾粉及其生产工艺、苹果专用控释肥 - Google Patents
一种酸性矿源黄腐酸钾粉及其生产工艺、苹果专用控释肥 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 235000021016 apples Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 244000141359 Malus pumila Species 0.000 title description 4
- 241000220225 Malus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 35
- YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium nitrate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YIXJRHPUWRPCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MKGIQRNAGSSHRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazin-1-ium Chemical compound C1C[N+](C)(C)CCN1C1=CC=CC=C1 MKGIQRNAGSSHRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 21-Deoxycortisone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2=O PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fulvic acid Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1CC(C)(O)OC2 FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002509 fulvic acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229940095100 fulvic acid Drugs 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 235000011430 Malus pumila Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000015103 Malus silvestris Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- XFZJGFIKQCCLGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide Chemical compound [I-].C1C[N+](C)(C)CCN1C1=CC=CC=C1 XFZJGFIKQCCLGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MZILPZDBVFUXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([S])=O Chemical compound [O-][N+]([S])=O MZILPZDBVFUXMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035613 defoliation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005648 plant growth regulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08H—DERIVATIVES OF NATURAL MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08H6/00—Macromolecular compounds derived from lignin, e.g. tannins, humic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
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Abstract
本发明涉及肥料生产技术领域,具体涉及一种酸性矿源黄腐酸粉及其生产工艺、苹果专用控释肥,所述生产工艺包括:(1)反应釜中添加水,加入碳酸钾和氢氧化钾,制备碱液;(2)向碱液中添加粉碎的褐煤粉,高温高压下反应4~5h;(3)固液分离,离心液中添加浓度为50%~80%的硝酸,搅拌1~3h,调节反应液pH为5.0~6.5;(4)反应液通过卧式离心机进行二次固液分离,液体部分经过浓缩并进行喷粉干燥,制得酸性矿源黄腐酸钾粉。将其加入复合肥时,不会与尿素反应,从而实现复合肥中添加高含量矿源黄腐酸钾,且不影响肥效,使用该酸性矿源黄腐酸钾制备的苹果专用控释肥可以有效提高苹果品质和产量,并显著改善土壤理化状况,具有良好的经济效益和环保效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及肥料生产技术领域,具体涉及一种酸性矿源黄腐酸粉及其生产工艺、苹果专用控释肥。
背景技术
苹果是重要的经济作物之一,但是我国苹果主厂区的土壤肥力普遍不高,需要通过施用肥料来补充苹果树生长发育各阶段所必需的N、P、K等营养元素,适宜的土壤pH值以及持续充足的土壤有机质含量是果树高产优质的必要条件。单独施用普通化肥虽能为果园土壤提供养分,但是容易造成土壤板结、土壤酸化,且肥料利用率低。
矿源黄腐酸钾是一种植物生长调节剂,属于小分子有机物,作物可以直接吸收利用,效果快速持久。一方面,矿源黄腐酸钾具有强大的吸附和离子交换能力,有助于分解盐分积累、改善根系微环境,中和以及缓冲盐碱危害,并与土粒结构絮凝成为稳定的保水、保肥、透气的小肥料库;另一方面,矿源黄腐酸钾可以螯合土壤中的钙、镁、锌、钼等中微量元素,生成溶解度高、易被作物吸收的腐植酸钙、锌等,同样也可以与土壤的固化磷、固化钾发生络合,解磷解钾。因此,很多复合肥中会添加矿源黄腐酸钾,以改良土壤、提高肥料利用率、促进作物生长、增强作物抗逆性能、改善作物品质。
目前工业生产的矿源黄腐酸钾一般pH大于8,呈碱性,将其添加至尿基复合肥中时,若矿源黄腐酸钾含量过高,碱性的矿源黄腐酸钾会与尿素反应,释放出水和氨气,导致复合肥结块粉化,肥料包装胀包,造成氮元素损失和肥效降低。
发明内容
针对现有尿基复合肥中高含量的碱性矿源黄腐酸钾易与尿素反应造成复合肥结块、氮元素损失的问题,本发明提供一种酸性矿源黄腐酸钾粉及其生产工艺、苹果专用控释肥。
第一方面,本发明提供一种酸性矿源黄腐酸钾粉的生产工艺,包括:
(1)反应釜中添加水,加入碳酸钾和氢氧化钾,制备碱液;
(2)向碱液中添加粉碎的褐煤粉,高温高压下反应4~5h;
(3)固液分离,离心液中添加浓度为50%~80%的硝酸,搅拌1~3h,调节反应液pH为5.0~6.5;
(4)反应液通过卧式离心机进行二次固液分离,液体部分经过浓缩并进行喷粉干燥,制得酸性矿源黄腐酸钾粉。
进一步的,水、碳酸钾、氢氧化钾、褐煤粉、硝酸或硫酸的质量之比为80~100:1~2:1~2:10~20:3~4。
进一步的,步骤(2)中,褐煤粉的粒度为60~150目,高温高压具体为:110~150℃,0.12~0.15Mpa。
第二方面,本发明提供一种使用上述生产工艺制备的酸性矿源黄腐酸钾粉。
第三方面,本发明提供一种苹果专用控释肥,以重量份数计,包括如下组分:尿素30~40份、硫酸铵4~6份、磷酸一铵8~10份、硫酸钾或氯化钾10~16份、硝酸钙或氯化钙8~12份、硝酸镁2~4份、硫酸锌或氯化锌0.3~0.7份、硼砂0.2~0.5份、矿源黄腐酸钾粉6~10份、硝化抑制剂0.6~1份、包膜剂12~16份和包膜涂层材料9~12份,矿源黄腐酸钾粉为上述的酸性矿源黄腐酸钾粉。
进一步的,以重量份数计,包括如下组分:尿素35份、硫酸铵5份、磷酸一铵9份、硫酸钾12份、硝酸钙10份、硝酸镁3份、氯化锌0.5份、硼砂0.4份、矿源黄腐酸钾粉8份、DMPP0.15份、DCD 0.8份、包膜剂14份和包膜涂层材料10份。
进一步的,硝化抑制剂为DMPP和DCD,其质量比为1:5~6。
进一步的,包膜剂为凹凸棒粉,包膜涂层材料为聚乙烯醇。
本发明的有益效果在于:
1、本发明提供的酸性矿源黄腐酸钾粉及其生产工艺,通过碱液将褐煤粉中的腐植酸转变为水溶性的腐植酸钾,加入碳酸钾可以通过复分解反应沉淀钙镁离子,交换出更多的腐植酸钾;加入浓度较高的硝酸可以将大分子的腐植酸钾降解为小分子的黄腐酸钾;然后通过调节pH值,使得到的矿源黄腐酸钾呈酸性,避免其加入复合肥时与尿素反应,从而实现复合肥中添加高含量矿源黄腐酸钾,且不影响肥效。
2、本发明提供的苹果专用控释肥使用酸性矿源黄腐酸钾与多种肥料复配,为苹果生长提供丰富、充足的生长必需元素和养分,同时通过添加硝化抑制剂和使用控释技术,减缓氮元素的损失,提高肥料利用率和补充持续性。经试验验证,该苹果专用控释肥可以有效提高苹果品质和产量,并显著改善土壤理化状况,具有良好的经济效益和环保效益。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明中的技术方案,下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1制备酸性矿源黄腐酸钾粉
(1)反应釜中添加水600kg,加入碳酸钾10kg和氢氧化钾10kg,制备碱液;
(2)向碱液中添加70目的褐煤粉100kg,120℃、0.13MPa下反应4h;
(3)固液分离,离心液中添加浓度为75%的硝酸23kg,搅拌2h,调节反应液pH为6.0;
(4)反应液通过卧式离心机进行二次固液分离,液体部分经过浓缩并进行喷粉干燥,制得酸性矿源黄腐酸钾粉。
实施例2制备酸性矿源黄腐酸钾粉
(1)反应釜中添加水600kg,加入碳酸钾12kg和氢氧化钾12kg,制备碱液;
(2)向碱液中添加60目褐煤粉120kg,110℃、0.12MPa下反应5h;
(3)固液分离,离心液中添加浓度为75%的硝酸25kg,搅拌3h,调节反应液pH为5.5;
(4)反应液通过卧式离心机进行二次固液分离,液体部分经过浓缩并进行喷粉干燥,制得酸性矿源黄腐酸钾粉。
实施例3制备酸性矿源黄腐酸钾粉
(1)反应釜中添加水800kg,加入碳酸钾10kg和氢氧化钾10kg,制备碱液;
(2)向碱液中添加100目褐煤粉100kg,150℃、0.15MPa下反应4h;
(3)固液分离,离心液中添加浓度为75%的硝酸30kg,搅拌1h,调节反应液pH为6.5;
(4)反应液通过卧式离心机进行二次固液分离,液体部分经过浓缩并进行喷粉干燥,制得酸性矿源黄腐酸钾粉。
实施例4制备苹果专用控释肥
使用实施例1制备的酸性矿源黄腐酸钾粉制备苹果专用控释肥,以质量分数计,包括如下组分:尿素30份、硫酸铵4份、磷酸一铵8份、氯化钾10份、硝酸钙8份、硝酸镁2份、氯化锌0.3份、硼砂0.2份、酸性矿源黄腐酸钾粉6份、DMPP 0.1份、DCD 0.6份、凹凸棒粉12份和聚乙烯醇9份;
将尿素、硫酸铵、磷酸一铵、氯化钾、硝酸钙、硝酸镁、氯化锌、硼砂、矿源黄腐酸钾粉、DMPP、DCD混合后,进入造粒机造粒,然后经过常规的包膜技术制得苹果专用控释肥。
实施例5制备苹果专用控释肥
使用实施例1制备的酸性矿源黄腐酸钾粉制备苹果专用控释肥,以质量分数计,包括如下组分:尿素40份、硫酸铵6份、磷酸一铵10份、硫酸钾16份、氯化钙12份、硝酸镁4份、硫酸锌0.7份、硼砂0.5份、酸性矿源黄腐酸钾粉10份、DMPP 0.12份、DCD 0.72份、凹凸棒粉16份和聚乙烯醇12份;
制备工艺同实施例4,制得苹果专用控释肥。
实施例6制备苹果专用控释肥
使用实施例1制备的酸性矿源黄腐酸钾粉制备苹果专用控释肥,以质量分数计,包括如下组分:尿素35份、硫酸铵5份、磷酸一铵9份、硫酸钾12份、硝酸钙10份、硝酸镁3份、氯化锌0.5份、硼砂0.4份、酸性矿源黄腐酸钾粉8份、DMPP 0.15份、DCD 0.8份、凹凸棒粉14份和聚乙烯醇10份;
制备工艺同实施例4,制得苹果专用控释肥。
测试例
本试验以初结果期(4~6年生)苹果树为试材,品种为“2001富士”,于2021年9月~2022年9月在山东省烟台市的一处苹果园开展。供试土壤为黄棕沙土,基本理化性状:有机质2.7g/kg、有效磷28.4mg/kg、速效钾24.5mg/kg、硝态氮27.3mg/kg、铵态氮7.8mg/kg、pH6.92。
供试肥料:实施例4、实施例5、实施例6制备的苹果专用控释肥,市售矿源黄腐酸钾复合肥(矿源黄腐酸钾含量为8.2%,氮磷钾含量为24-5-11)。
将果园平均划分为4块区域,分别为试验1区、试验2区、试验3区、对照区,2021年9月,在果树落叶期,分别将上述肥料作为底肥施入(试验1区施用实施例4制备的苹果专用控释肥,试验2区施用实施例5制备的苹果专用控释肥,试验3区施用实施例6制备的苹果专用控释肥,对照区施用市售矿源黄腐酸钾复合肥),具体施肥方法为:每树距中心干0.5~0.8m,开3~5条宽30cm、由浅到深的放射沟,开至树冠外缘,将肥料按每亩50kg的用量施入,用铁耙把肥料与土混匀后覆盖。春季萌芽追施硝硫基复合肥(22-8-10)50kg/亩,膨果前期追施硫基复合肥(17-17-17)50kg/亩,使用方法和使用时间均一致。
2022年8~9月收获果实,统计并对比不同试验区的果实收获状况如下:
表1不同试验区果实收获状况
试验结果显示:与市售的矿源黄腐酸钾复合肥相比,本发明提供的苹果专用控释肥可以有效提高苹果果实的可溶性固形物含量、单果重、畸形率和亩产量。其中,实施例6提供的苹果专用控释肥的施用效果最好。
在2022年9月份,取不同试验区的土壤样本检测其理化性状,结果如表2所示:
表2不同试验区土壤理化状况
区域 | pH | 有机质(g/kg) |
试验1区 | 6.47 | 5.54 |
试验2区 | 6.35 | 5.78 |
试验3区 | 6.28 | 6.02 |
对照区 | 6.84 | 4.93 |
试验结果显示:与市售的矿源黄腐酸钾复合肥相比,本发明提供的苹果专用控释肥对土壤pH调节更有效,对土壤中有机质含量的提升效果更为显著。其中实施例6制备的苹果专用控释肥可将土壤pH降低至6.28,土壤有机质含量可达6.02g/kg。
尽管通过优选实施例的方式对本发明进行了详细描述,但本发明并不限于此。在不脱离本发明的精神和实质的前提下,本领域普通技术人员可以对本发明的实施例进行各种等效的修改或替换,而这些修改或替换都应在本发明的涵盖范围内/任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种酸性矿源黄腐酸钾粉的生产工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)反应釜中添加水,加入碳酸钾和氢氧化钾,制备碱液;
(2)向碱液中添加粉碎的褐煤粉,高温高压下反应4~5h;
(3)固液分离,离心液中添加浓度为50%~80%的硝酸或硫酸,搅拌1~3h,调节反应液pH为5.0~6.5;
(4)反应液通过卧式离心机进行二次固液分离,液体部分经过浓缩并进行喷粉干燥,制得酸性矿源黄腐酸钾粉。
2.如权利要求1所述的生产工艺,其特征在于,水、碳酸钾、氢氧化钾、褐煤粉、硝酸或硫酸的质量之比为80~100:1~2:1~2:10~20:3~4。
3.如权利要求1所述的生产工艺,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,褐煤粉的粒度为60~150目,高温高压具体为:110~150℃,0.12~0.15Mpa。
4.一种使用如权利要求1-3任一所述生产工艺制备的酸性矿源黄腐酸钾粉。
5.一种苹果专用控释肥,其特征在于,以重量份数计,包括如下组分:尿素30~40份、硫酸铵4~6份、磷酸一铵8~10份、硫酸钾或氯化钾10~16份、硝酸钙或氯化钙8~12份、硝酸镁2~4份、硫酸锌或氯化锌0.3~0.7份、硼砂0.2~0.5份、矿源黄腐酸钾粉6~10份、硝化抑制剂0.6~1份、包膜剂12~16份和包膜涂层材料9~12份,矿源黄腐酸钾粉为权利要求4所述的酸性矿源黄腐酸钾粉。
6.如权利要求5所述的苹果专用控释肥,其特征在于,以重量份数计,包括如下组分:尿素35份、硫酸铵5份、磷酸一铵9份、硫酸钾12份、硝酸钙10份、硝酸镁3份、氯化锌0.5份、硼砂0.4份、矿源黄腐酸钾粉8份、DMPP 0.15份、DCD 0.8份、包膜剂14份和包膜涂层材料10份。
7.如权利要求5所述的苹果专用控释肥,其特征在于,硝化抑制剂为DMPP和DCD,其质量比为1:5~6。
8.如权利要求5所述的苹果专用控释肥,其特征在于,包膜剂为凹凸棒粉,包膜涂层材料为聚乙烯醇。
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