CN116232072A - 一种基于磁通可控电感的无线充电系统动态调谐方法 - Google Patents

一种基于磁通可控电感的无线充电系统动态调谐方法 Download PDF

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CN116232072A
CN116232072A CN202211562617.3A CN202211562617A CN116232072A CN 116232072 A CN116232072 A CN 116232072A CN 202211562617 A CN202211562617 A CN 202211562617A CN 116232072 A CN116232072 A CN 116232072A
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李振杰
霍玉昇
何家房
班明飞
刘一琦
王伟男
韦坚
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Northeast Forestry University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0041—Control circuits in which a clock signal is selectively enabled or disabled
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/23—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only arranged for operation in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Abstract

本发明提出一种基于磁通可控电感的无线充电系统动态调谐方法。所述方法采用可控整流作为接收端的阻抗调节电路，通过对占空比进行调节实现CC/CV控制。同时针对背景技术中的问题，在对WPT系统谐振机理和现有的调谐技术的研究基础上，采用基于磁通可控电感无线充电系统的动态调谐方法，在应对各种参数变化的同时补偿可控整流电路产生的电抗，保证系统的谐振运行。

Description

一种基于磁通可控电感的无线充电系统动态调谐方法
技术领域
本发明属于无线传输技术领域，特别是涉及一种基于磁通可控电感的无线充电系统动态调谐方法。
背景技术
无线电能传输(Wireless Power Transfer，WPT)利用耦合线圈通过较大的气隙进行能量传输，相对传统的传导式充电摆脱了电缆的束缚。WPT技术有如下优点：一、在恶劣环境下不易产生电火花，不易产生漏电情况，安全隐患较小；二、用电设备取电时可移动范围大，灵活美观；三、能为植入人体内的微型医疗设备及其他需要特殊环境作业的机器供电。目前国内外研究机构对WPT技术在可穿戴智能设备、医疗、电动汽车无线充电、手机无线充电、智能家居等领域进行了大量研究，使得WPT技术得到了广泛的应用。
目前通常使用静态电容补偿谐振拓扑对WPT系统进行初步调谐，包括串-串(S-S)补偿、串-并(S-P)补偿、并-串(P-S)补偿、并-并(P-P)补偿几种基本拓扑结构。以上几种基本静态补偿拓扑在工况不变且接收端唯一的理想情况下对WPT系统有调谐作用，但在实际工作的WPT系统中，由于工况变化导致谐振电路参数的变化和因接收端具有不唯一性导致负载大小、传输距离的变化造成WPT系统失谐，此时静态电容补偿谐振拓扑调谐失效，无功功率损耗将会增加，导致系统的传输功率及效率降低，甚至导致系统的开关管偏离软开关工作状态而造成开关管损坏，为了提高系统的传输功率及效率、减少损耗及保护设备，必须保证使系统稳定工作在完全谐振状态，因此当谐振频率发生偏移时，需要采取必要的调谐方法使系统恢复谐振工作状态。
为实现WPT系统传输效率及传输功率的最大化，保证系统的开关管工作在软开关状态，降低能量损耗，当系统谐振频率发生偏移且静态补偿调谐拓扑失效造成系统失谐时，需应用动态调谐技术使系统恢复到谐振工作状态。现有的调谐策略主要有以下几种：
1.基于补偿电容矩阵的调谐控制策略
补偿电容矩阵，就是一种“开关电容阵列”装置，将若干个不同容值的电容通过与开关管串并联，构成可变电容矩阵结构，并将之作为谐振补偿电容接入谐振回路中。通过控制电容矩阵中开关管的通断实现多个不同容值的电容串并联，使整个电容矩阵呈现出不同的电容值。进而起到改变发射端/接收端固有频率的效果，使其适应系统接收端/发射端的频率变化。现有技术采用开关管与电容阵列配合，通过控制接入不同数量的补偿电容，来实现对电容的动态补偿，为了提高补偿电容的调节精度，可增加一定数量的电容，调谐电路的控制相对繁琐。缺点：电容矩阵的容值并不连续，呈现离散性导致精度受限，另外电容和开关管的数量较多，增加了系统成本与体积。
2.基于相控电感/可控电容的调谐控制策略
相控电感/可控电容通过控制其开关管的导通与关断使其等效为参数连续的可变电感/电容，以此接入电路动态补偿电路在感性和容性之间的变化来保证系统的最大传输效率。现有技术采用动态补偿调谐的方式，通过开关管与电容电感的串并联形成等效的可变电容或可变电感，通过调节导通角的大小，实现电路的动态调谐。缺点：开关管需要进行软开关控制且会承受一个较大的电压。现有技术对相控电感进行调谐，通过控制开关器件的导通角实现动态的等效电容匹配。
3.基于锁相环的调谐控制策略
基于锁相环的频率跟踪调谐控制策略是利用锁相环闭环反馈控制的特性，通过跟踪发射端输出电流的频率，控制PWM控制器输出的驱动信号的频率，保证系统的工作频率与电路的谐振频率相同，确保系统处在谐振状态，进而起到改善传输性能的效果。现有技术对这种调谐方式的理论、设计或者实现作了研究。
发明内容
本发明目的是为了解决现有技术中的问题，提出了一种基于磁通可控电感的无线充电系统动态调谐方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的，本发明提出一种基于磁通可控电感的无线充电系统动态调谐方法，所述方法具体为：
磁通可控电感中通过对全桥逆变器进行控制，使电流i3＝-αi2，进而控制变压器一次侧线圈L3中的磁通为：
ψ3＝L3i2+M2i3＝(L3-αM2)i2 (1)
由式(1)可知变压器一次侧呈现连续可变电感值Leq＝L3-αM，通过调节α的值即可调节其等效电感值，通过无线充电系统电路分析可得全桥逆变器输出电压u3与电流i3之间的关系为：
Figure BDA0003985326060000021
通过调节全桥逆变器的输出电压即可控制I3大小，进而控制α的值；由式(2)可知全桥逆变器输出电压u3固定超前电流i3相位90°，可对移相控制的载波进行调节以保证i3与i2反向；
一个工作周期内，输入电压u2的基波分量表达式为式(3)，其中，Uo为充电电压，并且u2_1(t)与脉冲宽度β和相位差
Figure BDA0003985326060000031
相关；
Figure BDA0003985326060000032
由此推导出充电电流Io的表达式为：
Figure BDA0003985326060000033
根据式(3)和式(4)可得：
Figure BDA0003985326060000034
选用可控整流电路工作在容性状态，可控整流电路产生的容抗则由磁通可控电感进行动态补偿，保证无线充电系统副边谐振运行；脉冲宽度和相位差存在如下关系：
Figure BDA0003985326060000035
/>
代入式(4)和(5)中得：
Figure BDA0003985326060000036
通过对脉冲宽度进行控制即可调节等效阻抗调节充电电流，实现充电控制，综上，由可控整流电路调节阻抗实现CC/CV充电，可控整流电路产生的电抗由磁通可控电感补偿实现动态调谐。
进一步地，所述无线充电系统包括第一全桥逆变器、S-S补偿拓扑、磁耦合机构、磁通可控电感以及可控整流电路。
进一步地，所述磁通可控电感由直流源、第二全桥逆变器、谐振结构以及变压器组成。
进一步地，输入电流i2超前于输入电压u2相位为
Figure BDA0003985326060000037
本发明的有益效果：
(1)采用磁通可控电感进行动态调谐的方法在克服系统温漂以及接收端变化带来影响的同时，不仅可以实现电感值的连续变化，同时降低了元件应力。
(2)本发明所述方法采用可控整流作为接收端的阻抗调节电路，做为副边控制，相比于原边控制减少了无线信号传输带来的时延以及信号失真等问题，有利于系统的稳定控制；作为阻抗调节电路，相比于Buck、Boost电路，电路体积得到减小，同时可做到双自由度控制；作为整流电路，其纯阻性工作状态开关管运行在硬开关，选用容性工作状态，保证了其软开关运行，降低损耗，避免损坏开关管。
附图说明
图1是无线充电系统电路拓扑图。
图2是可控整流输入电流电压波形图。
图3是可控整流电路工作波形图；其中(a)为可控整流电路工作在感性的工作波形图；(b)为可控整流电路工作在纯阻性的工作波形图；(c)为可控整流电路工作在容性的工作波形图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1所示，所述无线充电系统包括第一全桥逆变器、S-S补偿拓扑、磁耦合机构、磁通可控电感以及可控整流电路。所述磁通可控电感由直流源、第二全桥逆变器、谐振结构以及变压器组成。
本发明提出一种基于磁通可控电感的无线充电系统动态调谐方法，所述方法具体为：
如图1所示，磁通可控电感中通过对全桥逆变器进行控制，使电流i3＝-αi2，进而控制变压器一次侧线圈L3中的磁通为：
ψ3＝L3i2+M2i3＝(L3-αM2)i2 (1)
由式(1)可知变压器一次侧呈现连续可变电感值Leq＝L3-αM，通过调节α的值即可调节其等效电感值，通过无线充电系统电路分析可得全桥逆变器输出电压u3与电流i3之间的关系为：
Figure BDA0003985326060000041
通过调节全桥逆变器的输出电压即可控制I3大小，进而控制α的值，可采用移相控制；由式(2)可知全桥逆变器输出电压u3固定超前电流i3相位90°，可对移相控制的载波进行调节以保证i3与i2反向；
如图2所示为可控整流电路输入电压u2及输入电流i2波形，输入电压u2脉宽为β，输入电流i2超前于输入电压u2相位为
Figure BDA0003985326060000051
一个工作周期内，输入电压u2的基波分量表达式为式(3)，其中，Uo为充电电压，并且u2_1(t)与脉冲宽度β和相位差
Figure BDA0003985326060000052
相关；
Figure BDA0003985326060000053
结合图2由此推导出充电电流Io的表达式为：
Figure BDA0003985326060000054
根据式(3)和式(4)可得：
Figure BDA0003985326060000055
如图3所示分别为可控整流电路工作在感性、纯阻性和容性的工作波形，u2、i2分别为其输入电流电压，vQ5、vQ6分别为Q5和Q6两端的电压，iQ5、iQ6分别为流经Q5和Q6的电流。
由图3可知，当整流电路工作在纯阻性状态时，Q5、Q6不满足软开关运行条件，本发明选用可控整流电路工作在容性状态，可控整流电路产生的容抗则由磁通可控电感进行动态补偿，保证无线充电系统副边谐振运行；由图3中的(c)可知，脉冲宽度和相位差存在如下关系：
Figure BDA0003985326060000056
代入式(4)和(5)中得：
Figure BDA0003985326060000057
通过对脉冲宽度进行控制即可调节等效阻抗调节充电电流，实现充电控制，综上，由可控整流电路调节阻抗实现CC/CV充电，可控整流电路产生的电抗由磁通可控电感补偿实现动态调谐。
本发明所述方法采用可控整流作为接收端的阻抗调节电路，通过对占空比进行调节实现CC/CV控制。同时针对背景技术中的问题，在对WPT系统谐振机理和现有的调谐技术的研究基础上，采用基于磁通可控电感无线充电系统的动态调谐方法，在应对各种参数变化的同时补偿可控整流电路产生的电抗，保证系统的谐振运行。
以上对本发明所提出的一种基于磁通可控电感的无线充电系统动态调谐方法进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (4)

1.一种基于磁通可控电感的无线充电系统动态调谐方法，其特征在于：所述方法具体为：
磁通可控电感中通过对全桥逆变器进行控制，使电流i3＝-αi2，进而控制变压器一次侧线圈L3中的磁通为：
ψ3＝L3i2+M2i3＝(L3-αM2)i2 (1)
由式(1)可知变压器一次侧呈现连续可变电感值Leq＝L3-αM，通过调节α的值即可调节其等效电感值，通过无线充电系统电路分析可得全桥逆变器输出电压u3与电流i3之间的关系为：
Figure FDA0003985326050000011
通过调节全桥逆变器的输出电压即可控制I3大小，进而控制α的值；由式(2)可知全桥逆变器输出电压u3固定超前电流i3相位90°，可对移相控制的载波进行调节以保证i3与i2反向；
一个工作周期内，输入电压u2的基波分量表达式为式(3)，其中，Uo为充电电压，并且u2_1(t)与脉冲宽度β和相位差φ相关；
Figure FDA0003985326050000012
由此推导出充电电流Io的表达式为：
Figure FDA0003985326050000013
根据式(3)和式(4)可得：
Figure FDA0003985326050000014
选用可控整流电路工作在容性状态，可控整流电路产生的容抗则由磁通可控电感进行动态补偿，保证无线充电系统副边谐振运行；脉冲宽度和相位差存在如下关系：
Figure FDA0003985326050000015
代入式(4)和(5)中得：
Figure FDA0003985326050000021
通过对脉冲宽度进行控制即可调节等效阻抗调节充电电流，实现充电控制，综上，由可控整流电路调节阻抗实现CC/CV充电，可控整流电路产生的电抗由磁通可控电感补偿实现动态调谐。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述无线充电系统包括第一全桥逆变器、S-S补偿拓扑、磁耦合机构、磁通可控电感以及可控整流电路。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述磁通可控电感由直流源、第二全桥逆变器、谐振结构以及变压器组成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，输入电流i2超前于输入电压u2相位为
Figure FDA0003985326050000022
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