CN116207522B - Dual-frequency dual-polarization common-caliber flat-plate antenna based on dual-cross waveguide structure - Google Patents
Dual-frequency dual-polarization common-caliber flat-plate antenna based on dual-cross waveguide structure Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0037—Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
- H01Q21/0043—Slotted waveguides
- H01Q21/005—Slotted waveguides arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0037—Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
- H01Q21/0068—Dielectric waveguide fed arrays
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Abstract
The dual-frequency dual-polarization common-caliber flat antenna based on the dual-cross waveguide structure belongs to the technical field of antennas, and comprises a radiation array, a first dielectric plate, a K-band metal backboard, a second dielectric plate, a Ka-band metal backboard, a Ka-band waveguide feed network and a K-band gap waveguide feed network which are stacked from top to bottom; the radiation unit of the radiation array comprises two parallel cross radiation structures, the radiation array, a first dielectric plate and a K frequency band metal backboard form a K frequency band air microstrip feed network, the K frequency band metal backboard, a second dielectric plate and a Ka frequency band metal backboard form a Ka frequency band air microstrip feed network, and a mixed feed network is formed through the air microstrip and the waveguide feed network, so that the problems that the design of a K/Ka dual-frequency dual-polarized common-caliber flat panel antenna receiving and transmitting frequency band is interdependent, obvious high grating lobes are easy to occur in a high frequency band are solved, the K/Ka frequency band common-caliber design is realized, and the directional diagram has good envelope and is light and portable.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna technology, in particular to a dual-frequency dual-polarized common-caliber flat antenna based on a dual cross waveguide structure.
Background
The dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna has very wide application in modern communication systems, such as satellite communication, mobile communication and other fields, and is a technical means for effectively reducing the number of antennas and improving the anti-interference capability of the antennas.
In order to realize dual-frequency dual polarization, a common method is that a receiving frequency band and a transmitting frequency band share a radiation unit or a radiation caliber, such as a parabolic antenna and a waveguide horn array. However, these methods have their own drawbacks, especially in the case of medium to high frequency ratios, such as in the K/Ka common bore design.
The dual-frequency dual-polarized parabolic antenna needs to be provided with a complex dual-frequency band feed source, the irradiation level of the feed source at the edges of a receiving frequency band and a transmitting frequency band can not reach an optimal value at the same time, performance needs to be balanced, and the radiation efficiency of the antenna is not high. In addition, the dual-frequency dual-polarized parabolic antenna has the advantages of complex structure, high profile and large volume, and is not suitable for carrying and application.
The waveguide horn array adopts an all-metal structure, so that the overall transmission loss is small, the antenna type is very suitable for dual-frequency dual-polarization application, however, in the K/Ka frequency band, the array element spacing of the waveguide horn array is influenced by factors such as matching, power division network layout and the like, and the performance of a high frequency band cannot be considered, so that the situation that a high grating lobe appears in the pattern envelope of the high frequency band is caused, the transmission energy dissipation is increased, and the use of other satellites is interfered.
In general, the existing parabolic antenna and waveguide horn array are poor in performance in K/Ka frequency band, and have the problems of complex structure, low profile and antenna radiation efficiency, obvious Gao Shanban in Ka frequency band directional diagram envelope and the like; particularly, the obvious high grating lobes existing in the envelope of the Ka frequency band pattern seriously interfere with satellite communication and do not meet the network access standard.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the application provides the dual-frequency dual-polarization common-caliber flat antenna based on the dual-cross waveguide structure, solves the problems that the designs of the K/Ka dual-frequency dual-polarization common-caliber flat antenna are mutually dependent, obvious high grating lobes are easy to appear in a high frequency band, effectively realizes the common-caliber design of the K/Ka frequency band, and has good directional diagram envelope and portability.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technique:
the dual-frequency dual-polarization common-caliber flat antenna based on the dual-cross waveguide structure comprises a radiation array, a first dielectric plate, a K-band metal backboard, a second dielectric plate, a Ka-band metal backboard, a Ka-band waveguide feed network and a K-band gap waveguide feed network which are stacked from top to bottom;
the radiation array comprises a plurality of radiation units which are arranged in a rectangular array, wherein each radiation unit comprises a K-band open waveguide radiation unit and two Ka-band open waveguide radiation units which are orthogonal to the K-band open waveguide radiation unit, so that two parallel cross radiation structures are formed;
the K-band air microstrip feed network comprises a plurality of first air microstrip waveguide units which are connected in parallel in multiple stages and matched with the radiation unit, the first air microstrip waveguide units comprise a K-band waveguide structure and two upper Ka-band waveguide structures orthogonal to the K-band waveguide structure, two parallel cross waveguide structures are formed, and a K-band branch end switching part of the K-band microstrip line is positioned in the K-band waveguide structure;
the first dielectric plate is provided with a plurality of Ka frequency band microstrip lines which are arranged in a rectangular array, the two Ka frequency band microstrip lines are a pair and correspond to one K frequency band microstrip line, a plurality of second air cavities matched with each pair of Ka frequency band microstrip lines are formed by a metal groove on the bottom surface of the K frequency band metal backboard and a metal groove on the top surface of the Ka frequency band metal backboard, the second air cavities, the second dielectric plate positioned in the second air cavities and the Ka frequency band microstrip lines form a Ka frequency band air microstrip feed network, the Ka frequency band air microstrip feed network comprises a plurality of second air microstrip waveguide units which are connected in parallel in a multistage manner, the first air microstrip waveguide unit comprises a lower Ka frequency band waveguide structure which is matched and communicated with the upper Ka frequency band waveguide structure, and a Ka frequency band branch end switching part of the Ka frequency band microstrip line is positioned in the lower Ka frequency band waveguide structure;
the Ka frequency band waveguide feed network comprises a multistage parallel power division network structure, each minimum branch end of the multistage parallel power division network structure is upwards connected with the Ka frequency band microstrip combining end of each Ka frequency band microstrip line, and the K frequency band gap waveguide feed network comprises a multistage parallel waveguide gap network structure, and each minimum branch end of the multistage parallel waveguide gap network structure is upwards connected with the K frequency band microstrip combining end of each K frequency band microstrip line; the combining end of the multistage parallel power division network structure is used for downwards connecting with the BUC, and the combining end of the multistage parallel waveguide gap network structure is used for downwards connecting with the LNB.
Further, the K frequency band microstrip line comprises a plurality of K frequency band microstrip line branch units which are connected in parallel in multiple stages, one end of each K frequency band microstrip line branch unit extending into the K frequency band waveguide structure is a K frequency band branch end switching part, and the other end of each K frequency band microstrip line branch unit is an output/input end of each K frequency band branch unit and is used for parallel connection. The output/input ends of the K frequency band branch units of the two oppositely arranged K frequency band microstrip line branch units are connected in parallel through a power division structure to form a primary parallel structure, the two primary parallel structures are connected in parallel through a power division structure to form a next-stage parallel structure, the two next-stage parallel structures are connected in parallel to the next stage through the power division structure, the two next-stage parallel structures are connected in parallel step by step, and the combining end of the last-stage parallel structure is the K frequency band microstrip combining end.
Further, a phase shifting structure is arranged between the output/input ends of the K frequency band branch units of the two oppositely arranged K frequency band microstrip line branch units and is used for compensating phase difference. The phase shifting structure comprises two phase shifting microstrip sections which are arranged in parallel at intervals and are connected together at one end through an arc transition section, and the other ends of the phase shifting microstrip sections are respectively and correspondingly vertically connected with the output/input ends of the K frequency band branch units of the two oppositely arranged K frequency band microstrip line branch units.
Further, the Ka-band microstrip line is of an equal-proportion reduced structure with the same shape as the K-band microstrip line, and in the vertical projection direction, the Ka-band microstrip line and the K-band microstrip line are arranged in an orthogonal mode. A K frequency band microstrip line corresponds with a pair of Ka frequency band microstrip lines, and the Ka frequency band microstrip line includes a plurality of Ka frequency band microstrip line branching units that are multistage parallel connection, and the one end that Ka frequency band microstrip line branching unit stretches into in the lower floor Ka frequency band waveguide structure is Ka frequency band branching end switching part, and the other end is Ka frequency band branching unit output/input for carry out parallel connection.
Further, the multistage parallel waveguide gap network structure comprises a plurality of waveguide transmission paths which are in multistage parallel connection, edges of the waveguide transmission paths are surrounded by gap pins which are arranged at intervals, one end of each waveguide transmission path is provided with a metal step, the other ends of every two waveguide transmission paths are communicated to be connected in parallel, the next stage of parallel connection is performed after the parallel connection, and power dividing pins for power distribution are arranged at all stages of parallel connection positions. The waveguide gap network structure is formed in the metal cavity, a waveguide port is arranged on the top cover of the metal cavity, and the position of the waveguide port is matched with the metal step and is used for being connected with the K-band microstrip combining end.
Further, each branch end of the multistage parallel power division network structure is connected with a vertical transition structure, and the vertical transition structure is upwards connected with a Ka frequency band microstrip combining end.
Further, the K-frequency-band open waveguide radiating unit and the Ka-frequency-band open waveguide radiating unit comprise waveguide connecting sections and at least one stage of waveguide matching steps which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, the vertical projection profile of the first stage of waveguide matching step covers the vertical projection profile of the waveguide connecting section, the vertical projection profile of each stage of waveguide matching step from bottom to top is expanded step by step, the waveguide connecting section is used for being connected with an air microstrip feed network of a corresponding frequency band, and the waveguide matching steps are used for realizing matching from waveguides to free space.
Further, the radiation units are respectively distributed in the length and width directions according to a period P1 and a period P2, the period P1 and the period P2 are unequal, the distribution periods of the K-frequency band open waveguide radiation units and the Ka-frequency band open waveguide radiation units are respectively corresponding, and the period P1 and the period P2 are positive integers and are smaller than the wavelength of the corresponding frequency band.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the dual cross open waveguide radiation structure is adopted to realize the design of the common-caliber radiation unit of the K/Ka frequency band, so that the frequency dependence relationship of the medium-high frequency ratio common-caliber panel antenna is avoided, the radiation units of each frequency band can be independently optimized, the array element period is smaller than one wavelength of each frequency band, and the problem that Gao Shan lobes appear in the radiation pattern of the traditional K/Ka frequency band common-caliber array antenna in the high frequency band is avoided;
2. the mixed feed network adopting the air microstrip and waveguide network solves the problem of space layout of the feed network, reduces the overall height of the antenna, maximally utilizes the characteristics of various feed structures, and realizes high radiation efficiency while realizing low-profile design;
3. the K, ka frequency band feeding network is spatially layered and physically isolated, channel sharing is finally realized at the double-cross waveguide structure, and electromagnetic waves are finally radiated through free space outside the antenna radiation array, and because the K, ka frequency band electromagnetic signals in the double-cross waveguide structure are orthogonal in polarization and high in isolation, frequency band dependence can be eliminated, and the design is carried out according to the optimal performance of each frequency band.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an exploded view of the overall structure of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a transmission path of an antenna section according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a partial top view of a radiating array according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a partial perspective view of a radiating array according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a side view of one direction of a radiating element of an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 6 is another vertical side view of a radiating element according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 7 is a radiation pattern of the antenna in the K frequency band according to the embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 8 is a radiation pattern of the antenna according to the embodiment of the present application in the Ka band.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a first air microstrip waveguide unit according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a second air microstrip waveguide unit structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a K-band microstrip line structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 12 is an enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 1.
Fig. 13 is a partial structural perspective view of a Ka-band waveguide feed network according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 14 is a partial structural perspective view of a K-band waveguide feed network according to an embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals illustrate: the radiation array-10, the first dielectric plate-11, the K-band metal backboard-12, the second dielectric plate-13, the Ka-band metal backboard-14, the Ka-band waveguide feed network-15, the K-band gap waveguide feed network-16, the K-band open waveguide radiation unit-17, the K-band waveguide connection segment-171, the first-stage K-band waveguide matching step-172, the second-stage K-band waveguide matching step-173, the first vertical path-1701, the first horizontal path-1702, the second vertical path-1703, the second horizontal path-1704, the first K-band matching back cavity-1705, the second K-band matching back cavity-1706, the Ka-band open waveguide radiation unit-18, the Ka-band waveguide connection segment-181, the first-stage Ka-band waveguide matching step-182 the second-stage Ka frequency band waveguide matching step-183, the fourth vertical path-1801, the fourth horizontal path-1802, the third horizontal path-1803, the third vertical path-1804, the first Ka frequency band matching back cavity-1805, the second Ka frequency band matching back cavity-1806, the radiating element-19, the first air microstrip waveguide unit 20, the K frequency band waveguide structure-21, the upper-layer Ka frequency band waveguide structure-22, the K frequency band microstrip line branching unit-24, the K frequency band branching unit output/input end-25, the second air microstrip waveguide unit-26, the lower-layer Ka frequency band waveguide structure-27, the Ka frequency band microstrip line branching unit-29, the Ka frequency band branching unit output/input end-30, the K frequency band microstrip line-31, the K frequency band branching end switching part-311, the phase shifting structure-312, the K-band microstrip line power dividing structure-313, the K-band microstrip combining end-314, the Ka-band microstrip line-310, the Ka-band branching end switching part-3101, the vertical transition structure-321, the Ka-band power dividing structure-322, the power dividing pin-331, the gap pin-332, the waveguide transmission path-333, the metal step-334 and the waveguide port-335.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the described embodiments of the present invention are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention.
The embodiment of the application provides a dual-frequency dual-polarization common-caliber flat-panel antenna based on a dual-cross waveguide structure, which comprises a radiation array 10, a first dielectric plate 11, a K-band metal backboard 12, a second dielectric plate 13, a Ka-band metal backboard 14, a Ka-band waveguide feed network 15 and a K-band gap waveguide feed network 16 which are stacked from top to bottom as shown in fig. 1 and 2.
As shown in fig. 12, a plurality of K-band microstrip lines 31 arranged in a rectangular array are provided on the first dielectric plate 11. The second dielectric plate 13 is provided with a plurality of Ka-band microstrip lines 310 arranged in a rectangular array, two pairs of which correspond to one K-band microstrip line 31.
The metal groove on the bottom surface of the radiation array 10 and the metal groove on the top surface of the K-band metal backboard 12 form a plurality of first air microstrip cavities matched with the K-band microstrip line 31, and the first air microstrip cavities, the first dielectric plate 11 positioned in the first air microstrip cavities and the K-band microstrip line 31 form a K-band air microstrip feed network.
The metal grooves on the bottom surface of the K-band metal backboard 12 and the metal grooves on the top surface of the Ka-band metal backboard 14 form a plurality of second air cavities matched with each pair of Ka-band microstrip lines 310, and the second air cavities, the second dielectric plate 13 positioned in the second air cavities and the Ka-band microstrip lines 310 form a Ka-band air microstrip feed network.
Specifically, the radiating array 10 is formed by arranging the radiating elements in the form of an m×n double-cross waveguide structure in a periodic manner, and the radiating array periods are different in two orthogonal directions, where M and N are positive integers, respectively, and m+.n. Specifically, in this example, as shown in fig. 3 to 6, the radiation array 10 includes a plurality of radiation units 19 arranged in a rectangular array, and each radiation unit 19 includes one K-band open waveguide radiation unit 17 and two Ka-band open waveguide radiation units 18 orthogonal thereto, forming two parallel cross-shaped radiation structures. The radiation units 19 are respectively arranged according to a period P1 and a period P2 in the length and width directions, the period P1 and the period P2 are unequal, the arrangement periods of the K-frequency band open waveguide radiation unit 17 and the Ka-frequency band open waveguide radiation unit 18 are respectively corresponding, the period P1 and the period P2 are positive integers and are smaller than the wavelength of the corresponding frequency band, and therefore the radiation patterns of all the frequency bands can not generate obvious high grating lobes.
The K-band open waveguide radiating unit 17 and the Ka-band open waveguide radiating unit 18 each include a waveguide connection section and at least one stage of waveguide matching step sequentially set from bottom to top, a vertical projection profile of the first stage of waveguide matching step covers a vertical projection profile of the waveguide connection section, the vertical projection profile of each stage of waveguide matching step from bottom to top is expanded step by step, the waveguide connection section is used for being connected with an air microstrip feed network of a corresponding band, and the waveguide matching step is used for realizing matching from a waveguide to a free space.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4 and fig. 5, the K-band open waveguide radiating unit 17 includes a K-band waveguide connection section 171, a first-stage K-band waveguide matching step 172, and a second-stage K-band waveguide matching step 173 that are sequentially disposed from bottom to top, where the K-band waveguide connection section 171 is connected to the K-band air microstrip feed network, and the first-stage K-band waveguide matching step 172 and the second-stage K-band waveguide matching step 173 are two-stage matching steps for realizing matching from the waveguide to the free space. In some embodiments, the mating steps may also be one or more stages.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4 and fig. 6, the Ka-band open waveguide radiating unit 18 includes a Ka-band waveguide connecting section 181, a first-stage Ka-band waveguide matching step 182, and a second-stage Ka-band waveguide matching step 183 that are sequentially set from bottom to top, where the Ka-band waveguide connecting section 181 is connected to the Ka-band air microstrip feed network, and the first-stage Ka-band waveguide matching step 182 and the second-stage Ka-band waveguide matching step 183 are two-stage matching steps for realizing matching from the waveguide to the free space. In some embodiments, the mating steps may also be one or more stages.
As shown in fig. 4, the radiation unit 19 is an open waveguide radiation structure with a double cross waveguide serial structure, and due to the mode orthogonality, electromagnetic signals of two working frequencies are basically not interfered with each other, and can be independently designed. The waveguide radiation port size Ra, rb, ta, tb is related to the operating frequency.
As shown in fig. 9, the K-band air microstrip feed network includes a plurality of first air microstrip waveguide units 20 connected in parallel in multiple stages, which are matched and connected with the radiating unit 19, and the first air microstrip waveguide unit 20 includes one K-band waveguide structure 21 and two upper-layer Ka-band waveguide structures 22 orthogonal thereto, forming two parallel cross waveguide structures. As shown in fig. 9 and 11, the K-band microstrip line 31 includes a plurality of K-band microstrip line branching units 24 connected in parallel in multiple stages, one end of the K-band microstrip line branching unit 24 extending into the K-band waveguide structure 21 is a K-band branching end switching part 311, the K-band branching end switching part 311 is located in the K-band waveguide structure 21, and the other end is a K-band branching unit output/input end 25 for parallel connection. Referring to fig. 2 and 9, the K-band waveguide structure 21 of the first air microstrip waveguide unit 20 is transitionally connected to the K-band open waveguide radiating unit 17 of the radiating unit 19 through the second K-band matching back cavity 1706 on the top surface of the K-band metal back plate 12.
Due to the mode orthogonality, three independent electromagnetic signal transmission channels can be formed in the double cross waveguide structure by optimization: a K frequency band and two orthogonal Ka frequency bands. The K-band electromagnetic signal enters from the K-band branching unit output/input terminal 25, passes through the K-band microstrip line branching unit 24 provided on the first dielectric plate 11, is transmitted into the double-cross waveguide structure by the K-band branching terminal switching part 311, and finally is transmitted to the radiation unit 19 through the double-cross waveguide structure. In this structure, the K-band electromagnetic signal is confined in the K-band waveguide structure 21.
Specifically, as shown in the K-band microstrip line 31 in fig. 11, the K-band branching unit output/input ends 25 of two oppositely disposed K-band microstrip line branching units 24 are connected in parallel through a K-band microstrip line power dividing structure 313 to form a primary parallel structure, the two primary parallel structures are connected in parallel through a further K-band microstrip line power dividing structure 313 to form a next-stage parallel structure, the two next-stage parallel structures are connected in parallel to the next-stage through a further K-band microstrip line power dividing structure 313, and thus are connected in parallel step by step, and the combining end of the last-stage parallel structure is the K-band microstrip combining end 314.
Preferably, a phase shifting structure 312 is provided between the K-band branch unit output/input terminals 25 of the two oppositely disposed K-band microstrip line branch units 24 for compensating the phase difference. Specifically, the phase shifting structure 312 includes two sections of phase shifting microstrip sections which are arranged in parallel at intervals and have one end connected together through an arc transition section, the other ends of the phase shifting microstrip sections are respectively and vertically connected with the K-band branching unit output/input ends 25 of the two oppositely arranged K-band microstrip branching units 24, and the structure in this shape can not only compensate for the 180 ° phase difference caused by the reverse feeding direction, so that the feeding phases of the feeding ports are equal, but also can further utilize the space layout, and the expansion of the overall size of the K-band microstrip line 31 is avoided, thereby facilitating the miniaturization integration.
As a more specific implementation manner, in the example shown in fig. 9 and 11, the K-band microstrip line 31 is a sixteen-split multi-stage parallel structure, the K-band branching unit output/input ends 25 of each two oppositely disposed K-band microstrip line branching units 24 are connected in parallel through a K-band microstrip line power dividing structure 313 to form a primary parallel structure, each two primary parallel structures are connected in parallel through a K-band microstrip line power dividing structure 313 to form a secondary parallel structure, each two secondary parallel structures are connected in parallel through a K-band microstrip line power dividing structure 313 to form a three-stage parallel structure, the two three-stage parallel structures are connected in parallel through a K-band microstrip line power dividing structure 313 to form a four-stage parallel structure, and the combining end of the four-stage parallel structure is a K-band microstrip combining end 314.
As shown in fig. 10, the Ka-band air microstrip feed network includes a plurality of second air microstrip waveguide units 26 connected in parallel in multiple stages, and the second air microstrip waveguide unit 26 includes a lower-layer Ka-band waveguide structure 27 that is matched and communicates with the upper-layer Ka-band waveguide structure 22. As shown in fig. 11 and 12, the Ka-band microstrip line 310 has a scaled-down structure having the same shape as the K-band microstrip line 31, and in the vertical projection direction, the Ka-band microstrip line 310 is arranged orthogonally to the K-band microstrip line 31, one of the K-band microstrip lines 31 is arranged orthogonally to correspond to the pair of Ka-band microstrip lines 310, the Ka-band microstrip line 310 includes a plurality of Ka-band microstrip line branching units 29 connected in parallel in multiple stages, and as shown in fig. 10, one end of the Ka-band microstrip line branching unit 29 extending into the lower-layer Ka-band waveguide structure 27 is a Ka-band branching end switching portion 3101, and the other end is a Ka-band branching unit output/input end 30 for parallel connection. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the second Ka band matching back cavity 1806 on the top surface of the Ka band metal back plate 14 is connected with the upper-layer Ka band waveguide structure 22 in a switching manner so as to realize transition matching; the Ka-band branching-end transition portion of the Ka-band microstrip line 310 is located in the lower-layer Ka-band waveguide structure 27.
Electromagnetic signals enter the Ka frequency band air microstrip feed network through the output/input end 30 of the Ka frequency band branching unit, are transmitted along the Ka frequency band microstrip line branching unit 29, enter the Ka frequency band waveguide structure 27 through the Ka frequency band branching end switching part, further enter the upper-layer Ka frequency band waveguide structure 22, and are transmitted to the upper stage through the second Ka frequency band matching back cavity 1806.
Specifically, due to the specificity of the double cross waveguide structure, and the K-band microstrip line 31 corresponds to the pair of Ka-band microstrip lines 310 and has a corresponding shape and a corresponding proportional relationship, in this example, the Ka-band microstrip line 310 is also a sixteen-divided multi-stage parallel structure, the output/input ends 30 of the Ka-band branching units of the two oppositely disposed Ka-band microstrip line branching units 29 are connected in parallel through a power division structure to form a primary parallel structure, each two primary parallel structures are connected in parallel through a power division structure to form a secondary parallel structure, each two secondary parallel structures are connected in parallel through a power division structure to form a tertiary parallel structure, and the two tertiary parallel structures are connected in parallel through a power division structure to form a quaternary parallel structure, and the combining end of the quaternary parallel structure is the Ka-band microstrip combining end.
In this example, the Ka-band waveguide feeding network 15 includes a multistage parallel power division network structure, where each minimum branch end is connected to the Ka-band microstrip combining end of each Ka-band microstrip line 310, specifically, as shown in fig. 2, through a first Ka-band matching back cavity 1805 on the bottom surface of the K-band metal back plate 12, the Ka-band microstrip combining end is connected in a switching manner, so as to achieve transition matching with the Ka-band air microstrip feeding network.
As shown in fig. 13, each branch end of the multi-stage parallel power division network structure is connected with a vertical transition structure 321, and the vertical transition structure 321 is upwards connected with a Ka-band microstrip combining end, so as to transmit electromagnetic signals in the feed network to the next stage; and each branch end is connected in parallel in multiple stages through a Ka frequency band power division structure 322, and aperture plane amplitude weighting of the antenna radiation array is realized through the Ka frequency band power division structure 322.
In this example, the K-band gap waveguide feeding network 16 includes a multistage parallel waveguide gap network structure, where each minimum branching end is upwardly connected to the K-band microstrip combining end 314 of each K-band microstrip line 31, specifically, as shown in fig. 2, through a first K-band matching back cavity 1705 on the bottom surface of the radiating array 10, the K-band gap waveguide feeding network is connected to the K-band microstrip combining end in a switching manner, so as to realize transition matching with the K-band air microstrip feeding network.
As shown in fig. 14, the multistage parallel waveguide gap network structure includes a plurality of waveguide transmission paths 333 connected in multistage parallel, edges of the waveguide transmission paths 333 are surrounded by gap pins 332 arranged at intervals, the gap pins 332 are specially optimized to exhibit high impedance characteristics in an operating frequency band, and electromagnetic energy can be ensured not to leak from surrounding gaps; one end of each waveguide transmission path 333 is provided with a metal step 334, the other ends of every two waveguide transmission paths 333 are communicated to be connected in parallel, the next stage of parallel connection is performed after the parallel connection, and the parallel connection parts of all stages are provided with power distribution pins 331 for distributing power. The waveguide gap network structure is formed in the metal cavity, a waveguide port 335 is arranged on the top cover of the metal cavity, the position of the waveguide port 335 is matched with the metal step 334 and is used for being connected with the K-band microstrip combining end 314, and energy in the gap waveguide is sent into the next stage through the waveguide port 335.
The combining end of the multistage parallel power division network structure is used for downwards connecting with the BUC, and the combining end of the multistage parallel waveguide gap network structure is used for downwards connecting with the LNB.
The dual frequency transmission path of the antenna described in the embodiments of the present application will be described with reference to fig. 2: in the antenna of this example, there are two independent electromagnetic transmission paths: k-band (Rx) and Ka-band (Tx).
When the antenna receives signals, electromagnetic signals enter the antenna through the K-band open waveguide radiating unit 17, pass through the radiating array 10 along the first vertical path 1701, enter the K-band air microstrip feed network, realize the transition from waveguide to microstrip through the second K-band matching back cavity 1706 on the bottom surface of the K-band metal backboard 12, then transmit along the K-band microstrip line 31 on the dielectric board 11 according to the first horizontal path 1702, realize the transition from microstrip to waveguide through the first K-band matching back cavity 1705 on the bottom surface of the radiating array 10, then vertically pass through the K-band metal backboard 12, the second dielectric board 13, the Ka-band metal backboard 14 and the Ka-band waveguide feed network 15 through the second vertical path 1703, enter the K-band gap waveguide feed network 16, specifically enter through the waveguide port 335, then enter the K-band gap waveguide feed network 16 along the second horizontal path 1704, and then turn to the vertical direction to enter the LNB. The dimensions of the first K-band matching back cavity 1705 and the second K-band matching back cavity 1706 are related to frequency, and are designed according to the frequency.
When the antenna works in a transmitting state, electromagnetic signals are transmitted into the antenna through the BUC, vertically penetrate through the K-band gap waveguide feed network 16 through the third vertical path 1804 and enter the Ka-band waveguide feed network 15, are transmitted in the Ka-band waveguide feed network 15 according to the third horizontal path 1803, then are upwardly transmitted into the Ka-band air microstrip feed network through the vertical transition structure 321, waveguide-to-microstrip switching is achieved through the first Ka-band matching back cavity 1805 on the bottom surface of the K-band metal backboard 12, the Ka-band microstrip line 310 of the electromagnetic signals entering the second dielectric board 13 is transmitted along the fourth horizontal path 1802, microstrip-to-waveguide switching is achieved through the second Ka-band matching back cavity 1806 on the top surface of the Ka-band metal backboard 14, and vertically transits to the fourth vertical path 1801, and is radiated into free space through matching of the Ka-band opening waveguide radiating unit 18. The dimensions of the first Ka band matching back cavity 1805 and the second Ka band matching back cavity 1806 are frequency dependent and may be designed according to frequency.
In a specific application, the above-mentioned receive path/channel and transmit path/channel may be interchanged with respect to the receive and transmit functions.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, a radiation pattern of an example of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present application is shown, in which the radiation array 10 adopts a 4×4 double cross waveguide array layout, where the transmitting array is a 4×8 array structure and the receiving array is a 4×4 array structure. As can be seen from the pattern envelopes of fig. 7 and 8, no significant high grating lobe appears in the envelopes of the K frequency band and the Ka frequency band, which indicates that the structure can avoid the problem that the common-caliber panel antenna has significant high grating lobe in the high frequency band.
The embodiment of the application provides a K/Ka dual-frequency common-caliber satellite terminal flat antenna scheme with low profile, broadband, high caliber efficiency, good pattern envelope, portability and portability for satellite communication.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The dual-frequency dual-polarization common-caliber flat antenna based on the dual-cross waveguide structure is characterized by comprising a radiation array (10), a first dielectric plate (11), a K-band metal backboard (12), a second dielectric plate (13), a Ka-band metal backboard (14), a Ka-band waveguide feed network (15) and a K-band gap waveguide feed network (16) which are stacked from top to bottom;
the radiating array (10) comprises a plurality of radiating elements (19) which are arranged in a rectangular array, wherein each radiating element (19) comprises a K-band open waveguide radiating element (17) and two Ka-band open waveguide radiating elements (18) which are orthogonal to the K-band open waveguide radiating element to form two parallel cross radiating structures;
the K-band air microstrip feed network comprises a plurality of first air microstrip waveguide units (20) which are connected in parallel in multiple stages, the first air microstrip waveguide units are matched and connected with the radiating units (19), the first air microstrip waveguide units (20) comprise a K-band waveguide structure (21) and two upper Ka-band waveguide structures (22) orthogonal to the K-band waveguide structure, two parallel cross waveguide structures are formed, and a K-band branching end switching part (311) of the K-band microstrip line (31) is positioned in the K-band waveguide structure (21);
a plurality of Ka frequency band microstrip lines (310) which are arranged in a rectangular array are arranged on the second dielectric plate (13), the two Ka frequency band microstrip lines (310) are a pair and correspond to one K frequency band microstrip line (31), a metal groove on the bottom surface of the K frequency band metal backboard (12) and a metal groove on the top surface of the Ka frequency band metal backboard (14) form a plurality of second air cavities matched with each pair of Ka frequency band microstrip lines (310), the second air cavities, the second dielectric plate (13) positioned in the second air cavities and the Ka frequency band microstrip lines (310) form a Ka frequency band air microstrip feed network, the Ka frequency band air microstrip feed network comprises a plurality of second air microstrip waveguide units (26) which are connected in parallel in a multistage mode, the second air microstrip waveguide units (26) comprise a lower Ka frequency band waveguide structure (27) which is matched with and communicated with the upper Ka frequency band waveguide structure (22), and a Ka frequency band branch end switching part (3101) of the Ka frequency band microstrip line (310) is positioned in the lower Ka frequency band waveguide structure (27);
the Ka frequency band waveguide feed network (15) comprises a multistage parallel power division network structure, each minimum branch end of the multistage parallel power division network structure is upwards connected with the Ka frequency band microstrip combining end of each Ka frequency band microstrip line (310), and the K frequency band gap waveguide feed network (16) comprises a multistage parallel waveguide gap network structure, and each minimum branch end of the multistage parallel waveguide gap network structure is upwards connected with the K frequency band microstrip combining end (314) of each K frequency band microstrip line (31); the combining end of the multistage parallel power division network structure is used for downwards connecting with the BUC, and the combining end of the multistage parallel waveguide gap network structure is used for downwards connecting with the LNB.
2. The dual-frequency dual-polarization common aperture panel antenna based on the dual-cross waveguide structure according to claim 1, wherein the K-band microstrip line (31) comprises a plurality of K-band microstrip line branching units (24) which are connected in parallel in multiple stages, one end of the K-band microstrip line branching unit (24) extending into the K-band waveguide structure (21) is a K-band branching end switching part (311), and the other end is a K-band branching unit output/input end (25) for parallel connection.
3. The dual-frequency dual-polarization co-aperture panel antenna based on the dual-cross waveguide structure according to claim 2, wherein a phase shift structure (312) is provided between the K-band branching unit output/input ends (25) of the two oppositely disposed K-band microstrip line branching units (24) for compensating for a phase difference.
4. A dual-frequency dual-polarization co-aperture panel antenna based on a dual-cross waveguide structure according to claim 3, characterized in that the phase shifting structure (312) comprises two phase shifting microstrip sections which are arranged in parallel at intervals and are connected together at one end by an arc-shaped transition section, and the other ends of the phase shifting microstrip sections are respectively and correspondingly vertically connected with the output/input ends (25) of the K-frequency band branching units of the two oppositely arranged K-frequency band microstrip branching units (24).
5. The dual-frequency dual-polarization co-aperture panel antenna based on the dual-cross waveguide structure according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the Ka-band microstrip line (310) is of an equal-ratio reduced structure having the same shape as the K-band microstrip line (31), and the Ka-band microstrip line (310) is arranged orthogonal to the K-band microstrip line (31) in a vertical projection direction.
6. The dual-frequency dual-polarization common-caliber flat antenna based on the double cross waveguide structure according to claim 1, wherein the multi-stage parallel waveguide gap network structure comprises a plurality of waveguide transmission paths (333) which are connected in parallel in multiple stages, the edges of the waveguide transmission paths (333) are surrounded by gap pins (332) which are arranged at intervals, one end of each waveguide transmission path (333) is provided with a metal step (334), the other ends of every two waveguide transmission paths (333) are communicated to be connected in parallel, the next stage of parallel connection is performed after the parallel connection, and the parallel connection parts of all stages are provided with power distribution pins (331) for distributing power.
7. The dual-frequency dual-polarization common-caliber flat-panel antenna based on the double cross waveguide structure according to claim 6, wherein the waveguide gap network structure is formed in the metal cavity, a waveguide port (335) is arranged on a top cover of the metal cavity, and the position of the waveguide port (335) is matched with the metal step (334) and is used for being connected with the K-band microstrip combining end (314).
8. The dual-frequency dual-polarization common-caliber flat antenna based on the double cross waveguide structure according to claim 1, wherein each branch end of the multistage parallel power division network structure is connected with a vertical transition structure (321), and the vertical transition structure (321) is upwards connected with a Ka frequency band microstrip combining end.
9. The dual-frequency dual-polarization common-caliber flat panel antenna based on the dual-cross waveguide structure according to claim 1, wherein the K-frequency band open waveguide radiating unit (17) and the Ka-frequency band open waveguide radiating unit (18) comprise waveguide connecting sections and at least one stage of waveguide matching steps which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, the vertical projection profile of the first stage of waveguide matching steps covers the vertical projection profile of the waveguide connecting sections, the vertical projection profile of each stage of waveguide matching steps from bottom to top is gradually enlarged, the waveguide connecting sections are used for being connected with an air microstrip feed network of a corresponding frequency band, and the waveguide matching steps are used for realizing matching of waveguides into free space.
10. The dual-frequency dual-polarization common-caliber flat antenna based on the double cross waveguide structure according to claim 1, wherein the radiating units (19) are respectively distributed according to a period P1 and a period P2 in the length and width directions, the period P1 and the period P2 are unequal, the distribution periods of the K-frequency band open waveguide radiating unit (17) and the Ka-frequency band open waveguide radiating unit (18) are respectively corresponding, and the period P1 and the period P2 are positive integers and are smaller than the wavelength of the corresponding frequency band.
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