CN116201239A - Detachable building and construction method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The application relates to a detachable building and a construction method thereof, belongs to the technical field of assembly type buildings, solves the problems of low quality and poor performance of temporary buildings such as tents and board houses under emergency conditions, and also solves the problems that the existing assembly type concrete building and assembly type steel structure building are low in construction efficiency, incapable of being repeatedly detached and utilized and high in construction cost. The detachable building includes truss wall, steel beam, building frame and roof frame as main structural stress members, and the truss wall and the steel beam are mechanically connected via serial connecting parts to form structural stress system. The application realizes multiple disassembly and assembly, has high disassembly and assembly efficiency, and remarkably reduces the cost.

Description

Detachable building and construction method thereof

Technical Field

The application belongs to the technical field of assembled buildings, and particularly relates to a detachable building and a construction method thereof.

Background

For countries/regions where natural disasters such as earthquake and flood occur frequently, disaster citizens and rescue workers can only use tents or board houses to temporarily sit down in the early stage of disaster. Although the tent and the board house have the advantage of quick construction, the tent and the board house have poor sound insulation, heat preservation, fire resistance and other performances, and the living conditions of disaster victims are poor; the rescue workers have bad resting and working conditions, and the rescue work is affected. Meanwhile, the tent and the board house have poor durability, are generally scrapped after being used once, are difficult to reuse, cannot fully exert the performance of materials, and have low environmental and economic benefits.

Compared with the defects of tents and board houses, the container type house can be integrally manufactured in factories, has better performance in sound insulation, fire prevention, heat preservation and durability, has the advantages of high integration, high construction speed and the like, and is widely applied to emergency engineering and the like in recent years. However, the container type house also has the problems of large technical difficulty, large storage occupation space, large transportation restriction by road conditions, large labor consumption in the production process, low automation degree and high building comprehensive cost.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above analysis, the embodiments of the present invention aim to provide a detachable building and a construction method thereof, which are used for solving the defects of the existing tent and board houses in terms of building performances such as sound insulation, heat preservation, fire prevention, etc., and improving the durability of the building; meanwhile, the problems of large size, large weight, large manual operation, high difficulty in the production process, high requirement on transportation conditions and high requirement on hoisting equipment in the construction process of the container house are solved, and the problems that common fabricated concrete buildings and fabricated steel structure buildings cannot be disassembled, assembled and reused for many times are also solved.

The purpose of the invention is realized in the following way:

in one aspect, a demountable building is provided, comprising a concrete foundation, a steel beam frame, a building frame, truss walls and roofs;

wherein the concrete foundation is fixedly arranged on the field;

the number of the steel girder frames is multiple, each steel girder frame comprises a plurality of steel girders, and two adjacent steel girders of the same layer of steel girder frames are detachably connected through connecting pieces; the connecting pieces comprise a basic connecting piece, a middle connecting piece and a top connecting piece;

the truss walls are arranged in a plurality of layers, each layer of truss wall encloses a plurality of building spaces, the truss wall at the bottom layer is detachably connected with the upper part of a foundation connecting piece, and the foundation connecting piece is fixed on the concrete foundation; the two adjacent truss walls are detachably connected through a middle layer connecting piece, and the truss wall on the top layer is detachably connected with the roof through a top layer connecting piece;

the building frame comprises a first-layer building frame and a building frame above the first layer, wherein the first-layer building frame is arranged on a steel beam frame of the bottom layer, and the building frame above the first layer is arranged on an upper flange of a lower chord of the truss wall.

Further, the concrete foundation is a standard member with a cup opening, the cup opening is square, rectangular, regular polygon or round, and bolts are embedded in the cup opening; the bottom of the concrete foundation is enlarged, and the bottom surface is square, rectangle, regular polygon or round.

Further, the truss wall is configured to bear building vertical loads and partial horizontal loads; the skeleton of truss wall adopts light steel truss, the truss wall intussuseption is filled with first fire prevention insulation material, the truss wall sets up two-sided first decoration panel, and first decoration panel inboard is supported and is fixed by shaped steel or cold rolled steel joist, the bight sets up T type rib around the truss wall.

Further, floor mat plates and floor layers are paved on the building frame, A-level fireproof and sound insulation materials are filled in the building frame, and two sides of the building frame are placed on flanges extending out of the truss wall.

Further, the upper end and the lower end of the truss wall upright post are respectively provided with a socket, the lower part of the foundation connecting piece is provided with a column foot, the column foot is fixed on the concrete foundation, the upper part of the foundation connecting piece is provided with a foundation connecting piece upper plug, the upper part of the middle layer connecting piece is provided with a middle layer connecting piece upper plug, the lower part of the middle layer connecting piece is provided with a middle layer connecting piece lower plug, and the lower part of the top layer connecting piece is provided with a top layer connecting piece lower plug; the foundation connecting piece plug, the middle connecting piece and the top connecting piece plug can be inserted into the socket of the truss wall upright post and fixed.

Further, the upper plug of the basic connecting piece, the upper plug of the middle connecting piece, the lower plug of the middle connecting piece and the lower plug of the top connecting piece are fixed with the overlapped sections of the upper slot and the lower slot of the truss wall upright post by bolts.

Further, an outdoor platform cantilever beam I is arranged in the middle of the base connecting piece, an outdoor platform cantilever Liang Er is arranged in the middle of the middle connecting piece, and an outdoor platform cantilever Liang San is arranged in the middle of the top connecting piece; the first outdoor platform cantilever beam, the outdoor platform cantilever Liang Er and the outdoor platform cantilever Liang San are detachably connected with the base connecting piece, the middle connecting piece and the top connecting piece of the corresponding layers respectively.

Further, the roof comprises a roof truss and a roof surface layer, wherein the roof surface layer is paved on the roof truss, and the roof truss is detachably connected with the top layer connecting piece.

Further, the demountable building further includes a removably disposed interior partition panel configured to divide the building space enclosed by the truss walls into subspaces.

Further, the skeleton of the inner partition plate adopts section steel or cold-rolled steel keels, A-level sound insulation fireproof materials are filled in the skeleton of the inner partition plate, and building pipelines, switches, sockets and equipment are integrally arranged in the inner partition plate.

Further, an external wall board is detachably arranged on the building outer wall in the vertical direction of the truss wall, and is supported by the lower layer steel beams through a supporting piece and fixedly connected with the upper layer steel beams and the lower layer steel beams through tie bolts.

Further, the bearing piece is detachably connected with the steel beam frame.

Further, sealing elements are arranged on contact surfaces of the external wall plates and the truss wall, and contact surfaces of the external wall plates and the steel beams.

Further, the externally hung wallboard comprises a light steel keel support frame, a trimming keel and an outer decorative surface, wherein the trimming keel is arranged in the circumferential direction of the light steel keel support frame as a connecting component; the outer decorative surfaces are arranged on two opposite side surfaces of the light steel keel support frame; the light steel joist support frame comprises vertical joist, horizontal joist and reinforcing joist, reinforcing joist with outer window installing port or outer door installing port are reserved on the outer decorative surface, reinforcing joist is used as the attached frame of outer window or outer door.

On the other hand, a construction method of a detachable building is provided, which comprises the following steps:

leveling a site, placing a concrete foundation, and fixing a foundation connecting piece on the concrete foundation; the steel beam is connected with the foundation connecting piece through bolts to form a steel beam frame at the bottom layer;

lifting the building frame, placing the building frame on a steel beam frame at the bottom layer from top to bottom, and fastening after calibration; the storey above the first storey, the building frame is placed on the upper flange of the truss wall lower chord from top to bottom, and fastening is carried out after calibration; sleeving the truss wall onto a plug on the basic connecting piece from top to bottom, and fastening by bolts after correcting the size; installing a middle layer connecting piece at the upper end of the truss wall, and fastening by bolts; the fourth steel beam and the fifth steel beam of the vertical truss wall are arranged between the middle-layer connecting pieces and are fastened by bolts; installing stairs and an inner partition board; repeating the steps, and sequentially installing the truss wall, the building frame, the steel girder frame, the stairs and the inner partition plate on the upper layer;

installing a top layer connecting piece at the top end of the truss wall, and fastening by bolts; mounting steel beams IV and five of the vertical truss wall between the top-layer connecting pieces, and fastening by bolts; and installing an external wall board on the outer wall steel beam, installing a roof truss on the top of the truss wall of the top layer, and paving a roof layer on the roof truss.

Compared with the prior art, the detachable building and the construction method thereof provided by the invention have at least one of the following beneficial effects:

a) The composite board has better fireproof, heat-insulating and sound-insulating performances than a tent and a board house, is lighter than a container house, occupies small space, and can be disassembled and assembled for a plurality of times than a common assembled concrete building and an assembled steel structure building.

b) The truss wall, the building frame, the roof truss, the external wall panel and the internal partition panel are all multifunctional integrated plane components, the steel beam is a linear component, each layer of connecting piece is a custom fitting, all components and components are simple in shape, low in technical difficulty, simple in production process, high in manufacturing efficiency and convenient to store and transport; the parts of the detachable building are in mechanical connection modes such as plugging, bolting and the like, the detachable building is simple and convenient to install and easy to detach, and main components (truss walls, building frames, roof frames, external wall boards and internal partition boards) and members and accessories can be repeatedly used for multiple times, so that the detachable building has good adaptability and economy.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present description or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the embodiments of the present description, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings for a person having ordinary skill in the art.

FIG. 1 is a concrete foundation diagram of a demountable building provided by the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a concrete foundation arrangement provided by the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the connection between a foundation connecting piece and a foundation embedded bolt;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a fixed foundation attachment for a concrete foundation provided by the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of 3 base jamb connectors provided by the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of 3 base center pillar connectors provided by the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a bottom layer steel girder frame provided by the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a building frame 1 provided by the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a building frame 2 according to the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the installation of a floor frame provided by the invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a truss wall provided by the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a socket connection installation of truss walls and foundation connectors provided by the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a socket connection of a truss wall and connectors according to the present invention shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a socket connection between a truss wall and a connector according to the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a schematic illustration of a socket connection between a middle layer connector and a truss wall according to the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a schematic view of 3 middle side column connectors provided by the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a schematic view of 3 middle layer center pillar connectors provided by the present invention;

FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating the installation of a middle layer steel girder frame provided by the present invention;

FIG. 19 is a schematic view of a steel stair installation 1 provided by the present invention;

FIG. 20 is a schematic view of a steel stair installation 2 provided by the present invention;

FIG. 21 is a schematic view of an installation of an inner partition wall according to the present invention;

FIG. 22 is a top connector installation schematic provided by the present invention;

FIG. 23 is a schematic view of 3 top deck leg link members provided by the present invention;

FIG. 24 is a schematic view of 3 top tier center pillar connectors provided in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 25 is a top-level steel girder installation schematic diagram provided by the invention;

FIG. 26 is a schematic view of an externally hung wall panel according to the present invention;

FIG. 27 is a schematic view of the connection between the external wall panel and the steel beam according to the present invention;

FIG. 28 is a schematic view of an externally hung wall panel according to the present invention;

FIG. 29 is a schematic view of a roof truss installation provided by the present invention;

FIG. 30 is a schematic view of the overall appearance of a demountable building (unassembled outdoor platform) according to the present invention;

fig. 31 is a schematic view of the overall appearance of the detachable building (assembled outdoor platform) according to the present invention.

Reference numerals:

1. a concrete foundation; 2. a steel beam frame; 2-1, a first steel beam; 2-2, a steel beam II; 2-3, a steel beam III; 2-4, steel girder IV; 2-5 parts of steel girder; 3. a building frame; 3-1, a section steel framework; 3-2, reinforcing the steel plate belt; 3-3, building frame surface layers; 4. truss walls; 4-1, side columns; 4-2, a middle column; 4-3, web members; 4-4, winding; 4-5, lower chord; 4-6, T-ribs; 4-7, keels; 4-8, a first fireproof heat-insulating material; 4-9, a first decoration panel; 4-10, windows; 4-11, a socket; 5. roof covering; 5-1, roof truss; 5-2, roof layer; 6. a base connection; 6-a-1, a first base connector; 6-a, a second base connector; 6-b, a third base side connector; 6-c-1, a fourth base connector; 6-c, a fifth base connector; 6-d, a sixth base side connector; 6-1, a plug is arranged on the basic connecting piece; 6-2, a basic cantilever beam; 6-3, column feet; 6-4, an outdoor platform cantilever beam I; 7. a middle layer connecting piece; 7-e-1, a first middle layer connector; 7-e, a second middle layer connector; 7-f, a third middle layer connector; 7-g-1, a fourth middle layer connector; 7-g, fifth middle layer connector; 7-h, a sixth middle layer connector; 7-1, a plug is arranged on the middle layer connecting piece; 7-2, a middle layer connecting piece lower plug; 7-3, middle cantilever beam; 7-4, an outdoor platform cantilever beam II; 8. a top layer connector; 8-i-1, a first top layer connector; 8-i, a second top layer connector; 8-j, a third top layer connector; 8-k-1, a fourth top-level connector; 8-k, fifth top-level connectors; 8-L, a sixth top layer connector; 8-1, a top layer connecting piece lower plug; 8-2, a top cantilever beam; 8-3, an outdoor platform cantilever Liang San; 9. externally hanging a wallboard; 9-1, vertical keels; 9-2, a transverse keel; 9-3, reinforcing keels; 9-4, trimming keels; 9-5, a second fireproof heat-insulating material; 9-6, a second decoration panel; 9-7, a first rubber sealing strip; 9-8, an outer window mounting opening; 10. an inner partition plate; 11. stairs; 11-1, stairs sections; 11-2, stair beams; 11-3, stair posts; 12. an outdoor equipment platform; 13. a second rubber seal strip; 14. a tie bolt; 15. a sealing rod; 16. floor mat plates; 17. a floor surface layer; 18. skirting; 19. and a support.

Detailed Description

For the purposes of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. It should be noted that embodiments and features of embodiments in the present disclosure may be combined, separated, interchanged, and/or rearranged with one another without conflict. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.

In the drawings, the size and relative sizes of elements may be exaggerated for clarity and/or descriptive purposes. While the exemplary embodiments may be variously implemented, the specific process sequences may be performed in a different order than that described. For example, two consecutively described processes may be performed substantially simultaneously or in reverse order from that described. Moreover, like reference numerals designate like parts.

When an element is referred to as being "on" or "over", "connected to" or "coupled to" another element, it can be directly on, connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may be present. However, when an element is referred to as being "directly on," "directly connected to," or "directly coupled to" another element, there are no intervening elements present. For this reason, the term "connected" may refer to physical connections, electrical connections, and the like, with or without intermediate components.

For descriptive purposes, the present disclosure may use spatially relative terms such as "top," "bottom," "below … …," "below … …," "under … …," "above … …," "upper," "above … …," "higher," and the like, relative to components to describe one component's relationship to another (other) component as illustrated in the figures.

Example 1

In one embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 31, a detachable building is disclosed, which comprises a concrete foundation 1, a steel beam frame 2, a building frame 3, a truss wall 4 and a roof 5;

the concrete foundation 1 is fixedly arranged on a field, can be poured on site, and can adapt to various fields and construction technical conditions; in the project with better transportation conditions, the prefabricated foundation is adopted, so that the construction efficiency can be improved;

the number of the steel beam frames 2 is multiple, each steel beam frame 2 comprises a plurality of steel beams, two adjacent steel beams of the same layer of steel beam frames 2 are detachably connected through connecting pieces, the arrangement mode of the steel beams comprises transverse arrangement and longitudinal arrangement, the steel beams play a role in connecting truss walls 4, and one arrangement mode of steel beams I2-1, steel beams II 2-2, steel beams III 2-3, steel beams IV 2-4 and steel beams V2-5 is shown in fig. 7; the connectors comprise a base connector 6, a middle connector 7 and a top connector 8; the steel beam frame 2 is provided with a supporting piece 19, and the protruding members on the outer side of the supporting piece 19 for supporting the external wall board can be in various forms such as a straight form, a U form, an L form, a T form and the like so as to adapt to the tongue-and-groove form of the supported parts of the upper edge and the lower edge of the external wall board.

The truss walls 4 are arranged in a plurality of layers, the truss walls 4 of each layer form a plurality of building spaces, the truss walls 4 of the bottom layer are detachably connected with the upper parts of the foundation connecting pieces 6, and the foundation connecting pieces 6 are fixed on the concrete foundation 1 by bolts; two adjacent truss walls 4 are detachably connected through a middle layer connecting piece 7, and the truss wall 4 on the top layer is detachably connected with the roof 5 through a top layer connecting piece 8; the truss walls 4 can be divided into three types, namely a single-span assembly, a double-span assembly and a triple-span assembly. The single-span component is suitable for a non-corridor room scene, the double-span component is suitable for a corridor single-side room distribution scene, and the three-span component is suitable for a corridor double-side room distribution scene. Depending on where the truss wall 4 is located in the building, the truss wall may integrate lines, switches, sockets and equipment.

The building frame 3 comprises a first-layer building frame and a building frame above the first layer, wherein the first-layer building frame is arranged on the steel beam frame 2 at the bottom layer, and the building frame above the first layer is arranged on the upper flange of the lower chord 4-5 of the truss wall 4.

In this embodiment, the wall of the detachable building takes a light steel truss as a skeleton, and the truss wall 4 is configured to bear the vertical load and part of the horizontal load of the building; the framework of the truss wall 4 adopts a light steel truss, a first fireproof heat-insulating material 4-8 is filled in the truss wall 4, the truss wall 4 is provided with a double-sided first decoration panel 4-9 and a section steel or cold-rolled steel keel 4-7 for supporting the first decoration panel 4-9 on the inner side, and T-shaped ribs 4-6 are arranged at the corners of the periphery of the truss wall 4; side columns 4-1 are arranged at the end parts of two sides of a steel truss in the truss wall, center columns 4-2 are arranged at the middle part of the steel truss and correspond to two sides of a corridor and a windowing position, and slots are arranged at the side columns, the upper ends and the lower ends of the center columns of the truss wall; a plurality of vertical or oblique web members 4-3 are arranged between the upper chord 4-4 and the lower chord 4-5 of the truss wall, and the web members 4-3 are square steel pipes with rectangular cross sections; the truss wall 4 is provided with a window 4-10 and a socket 4-11; illustratively, the fireproof thermal insulation material is a non-combustible or flame-retardant thermal insulation material such as rock wool, and the first decoration panels 4-9 are calcium silicate boards, reinforced cement fiber boards or other decoration panels.

In the embodiment, the floor adopts the section steel as the floor frame 3, the floor frame 3 comprises a section steel framework 3-1, the upper surface and the lower surface of the section steel framework 3-1 are provided with the cross reinforced steel plate bands 3-2, the section steel framework 3-1 is laid with a floor frame surface layer 3-3, and the floor frame surface layer 3-3 comprises a protective steel plate net and/or a decorative plate. The floor mat plate 16 and the floor layer 17 are paved on the floor frame 3, A-level fireproof and sound-insulating materials such as rock wool are filled in the floor frame 3, and two sides of the floor frame 3 are placed on flanges extending out of the truss wall 4 to bear horizontal load.

In this embodiment, the upper end and the lower end of the upright post of the truss wall 4 are respectively provided with a socket, the lower part of the foundation connecting piece 6 is provided with a column foot, the column foot is fixed in the concrete foundation cup opening, the upper part of the foundation connecting piece 6 is provided with a foundation connecting piece upper plug 6-1, the upper part of the middle layer connecting piece 7 is provided with a middle layer connecting piece upper plug 7-1, the lower part is provided with a middle layer connecting piece lower plug 7-2, and the lower part of the top layer connecting piece 8 is provided with a top layer connecting piece lower plug 8-1; the upper plug 6-1 of the basic connecting piece, the upper plug 7-1 of the middle connecting piece, the lower plug 7-2 of the middle connecting piece and the lower plug 8-1 of the top connecting piece can be inserted into the socket slots at the upper end and the lower end of the upright post of the truss wall 4 and fixed. Above-mentioned grafting structure is convenient for realize the quick assembly disassembly of truss wall 4, promotes assembly and dismantlement efficiency.

Further, the overlapping sections of the upper plug 6-1 of the basic connecting piece, the upper plug 7-1 of the middle connecting piece, the lower plug 7-2 of the middle connecting piece and the lower plug 8-1 of the top connecting piece and the slots at the upper end and the lower end of the upright post of the truss wall 4 are fixed by adopting bidirectional bolts, and can also be fastened by adopting up-down through bolts.

Further, an outdoor platform cantilever beam I6-4 is arranged in the middle of the base connecting piece 6, an outdoor platform cantilever beam II 7-4 is arranged in the middle of the middle connecting piece 7, and an outdoor platform cantilever beam III 8-3 is arranged in the middle of the top connecting piece 8; the outdoor platform cantilever beam I6-4, the outdoor platform cantilever beam II 7-4 and the outdoor platform cantilever beam III 8-3 are respectively detachably connected with the connecting pieces of the corresponding layers.

Specifically, 1 base connecting piece column foot 6-3, 1 upper plug 6-1, 2-3 base cantilever beams 6-2, 1 outdoor platform cantilever beam one 6-4, wherein the outdoor platform cantilever beam one 6-4 is fixed on the connecting piece main body and is positioned below the upper plug 6-1 of the base connecting piece; FIGS. 5 to 6 show 6 kinds of structural base connectors, which can be divided into base side pillar connectors and base center pillar connectors; as shown in fig. 5, the base side column connector includes a first base connector 6-a-1, a second base connector 6-a, and a third base side connector 6-b; as shown in fig. 6, the foundation center post coupler includes a fourth foundation coupler 6-c-1, a fifth foundation coupler 6-c, and a sixth foundation side coupler 6-d. Wherein the first base connector 6-a-1 and the fourth base connector 6-c-1 are provided with base cantilever arms, and the second base connector 6-a and the fifth base connector 6-c are devoid of base cantilever arms.

The number of the upper plugs 7-1 and the lower plugs 7-2 of the middle-layer connecting piece is 1, the number of the middle-layer cantilever beams 7-3 is 1-2, the number of the second outdoor platform cantilever beams 7-4 is 1, and the second outdoor platform cantilever beams 7-4 are fixed on the connecting piece main body and are positioned between the upper plugs 7-1 and the lower plugs 7-2 of the middle-layer connecting piece; FIGS. 16-17 illustrate 6 structural medial connectors, which can be divided into medial side post connectors and medial center post connectors; as shown in FIG. 16, the medial side post connectors include a first medial connector 7-e-1, a second medial connector 7-e, and a third medial side connector 7-f; as shown in FIG. 17, the medial post connectors include a fourth medial connector 7-g-1, a fifth medial connector 7-g, and a sixth medial border connector 6-d. Wherein the first type of middle layer connector 7-e-1 and the fourth type of middle layer connector 7-g-1 are provided with middle layer cantilever arms, and the second type of middle layer connector 7-e and the fifth type of middle layer connector 7-g are provided with no middle layer cantilever arms.

The number of the top-layer connecting piece lower plugs 8-1 is 1, the number of the top-layer cantilever beams 8-2 is 1-2, the number of the outdoor platform cantilever beams three 8-3 is 1, and the outdoor platform cantilever beams three 8-3 are fixed on the connecting piece main body and are located above the top-layer connecting piece lower plugs 8-1. FIGS. 23-24 illustrate 6 configurations of top layer connectors, which can be divided into top layer side column connectors and top layer center column connectors; as shown in FIG. 23, the top side column connectors include a first top connector 8-i-1, a second top connector 8-i, and a third top side connector 8-j; as shown in FIG. 24, the top center pillar attachment includes a fourth top pillar attachment 8-k-1, a fifth top pillar attachment 8-k, and a sixth top pillar attachment 8-L. Wherein the first top-layer connector 8-i-1 and the fourth top-layer connector 8-k-1 are provided with top-layer cantilever arms, and the second top-layer connector 8-i and the fifth top-layer connector 8-k are free of top-layer cantilever arms.

In the embodiment, the roof adopts a profile steel framework as a structural member to bear the action of horizontal and vertical loads, and the framework inner wall of the roof is filled with nonflammable or flame-retardant heat-insulating materials such as rock wool. Specifically, the roof 5 comprises a roof truss 5-1 and a roof layer 5-2, the roof layer 5-2 is laid on the roof truss 5-1, and the roof truss 5-1 is detachably connected with the top layer connecting piece 8. The heat preservation layer, the waterproof layer, the heat insulation layer and the like can be arranged on the roof truss 5-1 according to the building design requirement, and the roof layer 5-2 can be a light metal roof.

In this embodiment, the detachable building further includes an inner partition board 10 detachably disposed, and the inner partition board 10 is configured to partition the building space enclosed by the truss wall 4 into subspaces. Specifically, the inner partition plate 10 has a skeleton, the skeleton of the inner partition plate 10 adopts a section steel or a cold-rolled steel keel, rock wool or other A-level sound insulation fireproof materials are filled in the skeleton of the inner partition plate 10, and building pipelines such as building water supply, water drainage, air exhaust, illumination, sockets, networks and the like are integrally arranged in the integrated inner partition plate 10, so that the integrated inner partition plate can be integrally manufactured in a factory.

In this embodiment, an external wall board 9 is detachably disposed on the outer wall of the building in the direction perpendicular to the truss wall 4, the external wall board 9 is supported by a supporting member, and the supporting member is fixed on the side surface of the lower layer steel beam and is fixedly connected with the upper layer steel beam and the lower layer steel beam by a tie bolt 14. Further, a sealing piece is arranged on the contact surface of the external wall board 9, the truss wall 4 and the steel beam, and the external wall board 9 is filled with a second fireproof heat-insulating material 9-5.

In one alternative embodiment, the contact surfaces of the external wall plate 9 and the truss wall 4, and the external wall plate 9 and the steel beam are all provided with sealing elements. The sealing element is, for example, a second rubber sealing strip 13 or strip, which serves as a waterproof and airtight function.

Further, in order to achieve quick installation and disassembly of the external wall panel, the external wall panel 9 in the embodiment is a light steel skeleton integrated external wall panel. Specifically, the external wall panel 9 comprises a light steel keel support frame, a trimming keel 9-4 and a second decoration panel 9-6, wherein the trimming keel 9-4 is used as a connecting member and is arranged in the circumferential direction of the light steel keel support frame; the decorative surfaces are arranged on two opposite side surfaces of the light steel keel support frame; the light steel keel support frame is composed of a vertical keel 9-1, a transverse keel 9-2 and a reinforcing keel 9-3, and the outer contour of the light steel keel support frame is a rectangular frame; the vertical keels 9-1 are M-shaped light steel keels, the transverse keels 9-2 are C-shaped light steel keels, and the reinforcing keels 9-3 are double C-shaped light steel keels in butt buckling; the widths of the vertical keels 9-1, the transverse keels 9-2 and the reinforcing keels 9-3 are 80mm, and the thicknesses are 1.5mm; the outer window mounting opening 9-8 or the outer door mounting opening is reserved on the reinforcing keel 9-3 and the second decoration panel 9-6, and the reinforcing keel 9-3 is used as an outer window or outer door attaching frame.

In this embodiment, the edge-folding keels 9-4 include an upper convex keel, a lower convex keel and a concave keel, the upper convex keel, the lower convex keel and the concave keel are all made of light steel keels, the upper convex keel and the lower convex keel are arranged at the top and bottom two ends of the light steel keel support frame, and the concave keel is arranged at the two vertical sides of the light steel keel support frame; the U-shaped keel is provided with a U-shaped cavity, the two U-shaped cavities on the two sides of the same external wall board are all arranged outwards, and the structure is arranged so that when the left external wall board and the right external wall board are spliced, rubber bands are filled in the space formed by the two U-shaped cavities at the butt joint position, so that the waterproof sealing effect is achieved.

The first rubber sealing strip 9-7 is arranged on the decoration panel on the inner side of the external wall board, and the position of the first rubber sealing strip corresponds to the inner edge-folding keel 9-4 of the external wall board.

Further, install T shape waterproof sealing strip at the seam crossing of two external wallboard decoration panels about, on the whole, rubber tape and waterproof sealing strip are vertical parallel arrangement, can further promote waterproof performance through setting up T shape waterproof sealing strip.

Further, when the upper and lower external wallboards 9 are spliced, the lower upper convex-shaped keels and the upper lower convex-shaped keels are installed to form a Z-shaped water guide seam, so that water stopping and draining effects are achieved. Further, a sealing rod 15 is arranged in the water guide slit.

In this embodiment, the width of the upper convex keel, the lower convex keel and the concave keel is 80mm, and the thickness is 1.5mm.

In this embodiment, the second decoration panel 9-6 is fixed to the keel by using a tapping screw; the second decoration panel 9-6 is composed of a coating plate, a PE waterproof and moistureproof plate and a calcium silicate plate. Wherein the thickness of the coating plate is 8mm, the thickness of the PE waterproof and moistureproof plate is 0.35mm, and the thickness of the calcium silicate plate is 12mm.

In this example, the external wallboard still sets up the nut of predetermineeing, and this nut can be with logical long bolted connection, utilizes logical long bolt and predetermineeing the nut and realizes the quick installation of external wallboard. That is, the preset nuts are welded and fixed at the reserved fixing positions of the through long bolts, and smooth connection of the through long bolts is ensured. The wall is filled with rock wool, and the rock wool is compact and tight.

In this embodiment, a flame-retardant sealing tape, such as 8501 flame-retardant sealing tape, is paved at the intersection of the inner side of the exterior wall cladding and the main body structure, and the thickness of the sealing tape is 3.0mm, so as to ensure the overall tightness.

In this embodiment, the outer window is a glass plastic steel window, and the reinforcing keel 9-3 is used as an auxiliary frame of the outer window, and no auxiliary frame is separately arranged. The outer door is a plastic steel outer door, an alloy door or a wood door, and the reinforced keels 9-3 are used as auxiliary frames of the outer door, and the auxiliary frames are not arranged independently.

In this embodiment, the external wall panel is produced in a factory, and the whole product is transported and assembled, and the specification and the size of the external wall panel can be produced according to actual needs. Illustratively, the height of the external wall panel is 2.4-3.5 meters, and the width of the external wall panel is 2.8-3.5 meters in consideration of transportation and storage conditions.

The embodiment also discloses a construction method of the detachable building, which comprises the following steps:

s1, leveling a site, paying off, taking a cushion layer as well as constructing a concrete foundation 1, wherein the concrete foundation 1 is a standard component, and a prefabricated concrete foundation or a poured concrete foundation can be adopted, and fastening bolts are pre-embedded in a cup opening; the foundation standard mouth is on a horizontal plane, and the center of the cup mouth is aligned with the center of the truss wall upright post, as shown in figures 1 and 2;

s2, fixing a foundation connecting piece 6 in a 1 cup opening of the concrete foundation by using bolts, wherein the foundation connecting piece is shown in figures 3 and 4;

s3, connecting the steel beam I2-1, the steel beam II 2-2 and the steel beam III 2-3 with the basic connecting piece 6 by bolts to form a steel beam frame of a bottom layer, as shown in the figure 7;

s4, lifting the building frame 3, placing the building frame 3 on the steel beam frame of the bottom layer from top to bottom, and fastening after calibration; the storey above the first floor, the building frame 3 is placed on the lower chord upper flange of the truss wall 4 from top to bottom, and fastening is carried out after calibration, as shown in figure 10;

s5, inserting the truss wall 4 onto an upper plug of the foundation connecting piece 6 from top to bottom, and fastening by bolts after correcting the size, as shown in figures 12 to 14;

s6, installing a middle layer connecting piece 7 at the upper end of the truss wall 4, and fastening by bolts; a floor where the outdoor equipment platform 12 (such as an air conditioner) needs to be installed, an outdoor platform cantilever beam arm is installed on the base connecting piece 6, the middle connecting piece 7 and the top connecting piece 8, and the outdoor equipment platform 12 is installed on the cantilever beam, as shown in fig. 5, 16, 23 and 24;

s7, mounting steel beams IV 2-4 and steel beams V2-5 of the vertical truss wall 4 between the middle layer connecting pieces 7, and fastening by bolts, wherein the steel beams IV and V are shown in figure 18;

s8, installing a stair 11, wherein the stair 11 comprises a stair platform upright post, a rest platform plate and a stair section, and fastening the stair 11, as shown in fig. 19 and 20;

s9, lifting the inner partition plate 10, and installing the inner partition plate from top to bottom as shown in fig. 21;

s10, repeating the S4-S9 steps, and sequentially installing the truss wall 4, the building frame 3, the steel girder frame 2, the stairs 11 and the inner partition plate 10 on the upper layer, wherein the steps are shown in fig. 12, 15, 18 and 21;

s11, installing a top layer connecting piece 8 at the top end of the truss wall 4, and fastening by bolts, wherein the top layer connecting piece is shown in fig. 22, 23 and 24;

s12, installing a plurality of steel beams I2-1 which are arranged in parallel between the top-layer connecting pieces 7, wherein the steel beams I2-1 are vertical to the truss wall 4 and are fastened by bolts, as shown in figure 24;

s13, installing the external wall board 9 on an outer wall steel beam, starting from a first layer, supporting the bottom of the external wall board 9 on a supporting member or a supporting steel beam, and connecting and fixing the upper part and the lower part of the external wall board 9 with the steel beam and the supporting member on the side of the steel beam by bolts; before the installation and the fastening, the waterproof airtight rubber strip 13 is installed in place, and after the fastening by using the tie bolts 14, no gap is reserved between the external wall panel 9 and the steel beam and between the external wall panel and the upright post of the truss wall 4;

each outer hanging wallboard 9 is sequentially installed from bottom to top, as shown in fig. 26, 27 and 28;

s14, installing a roof truss 5-1 on the top of the truss wall 4 for fastening, as shown in fig. 29;

s15, paving a roof surface layer 5-2 on the roof truss 5-1, as shown in figure 30;

s16, installing accessories, installing an outdoor equipment platform cantilever beam and an equipment platform, wherein the equipment platform is shown in a figure 31;

s17, installing building pipelines and equipment, and installing indoor water supply and drainage, air intake and exhaust and electric pipelines;

s18, installing sanitary ware, an integral bathroom and various equipment and facilities;

s19, paving cushion layers, such as an European pine plate, a calcium silicate plate and the like, on each floor of the building frame 3, paving according to surface layer materials selected by design, installing skirting boards, installing inner doors and windows, closing up the joints of indoor corners, and installing a suspended ceiling;

s20, decorating and closing up the joint of the building outer wall and the roof, and treating the gap of the external wall board 9 by adopting building sealant to prevent rainwater and dust from penetrating;

s21, installing an outer door and window sash, a awning and an air conditioner; connecting the water supply and drainage pipeline and the electric pipeline of the building with the outdoor municipal pipeline, and completing the assembled and disassembled building is shown in the figure 31;

s22, performing construction on outdoor steps, slopes, ground and pavement.

The fittings and consumables required in the installation process of the detachable building mainly comprise bolts, sealing rubber strips, building glue, building sealing glue, foam bars, floor mat plates, decorative metal plates (aluminum plates, color plates and the like), an electric bridge, a suspended ceiling, fittings, floor plates, skirting 18, self-tapping screws and the like.

The steps of building demolition are reversed from the above installation process. In the dismantling process, the dismantled truss wall, building frame, stairs, roof truss, inner partition plate, outer partition plate and other components, steel beam and other components and connecting pieces of each layer are protected and put into a special tool for storage. After repairing the damaged components, members and connectors during the dismantling process, the components, members and connectors can be reused for the next project. And (3) recovering resources of components, connecting pieces and accessories which cannot be repaired, and performing innocent treatment.

Compared with the prior art, the detachable building and the construction method thereof provided by the embodiment adopt standardized truss walls, steel beams, building frames and roof frames produced by factories as main structural stress members, and the truss walls and the steel beams are simply and mechanically connected by serial connecting pieces to form a structural stress system.

The foregoing embodiments have been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the present application, and are not meant to limit the scope of the invention, but to limit the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The detachable building is characterized by comprising a concrete foundation, a steel beam frame, a building frame, truss walls and a roof;

wherein the concrete foundation is fixedly arranged on the field;

the number of the steel girder frames is multiple, each steel girder frame comprises a plurality of steel girders, and two adjacent steel girders of the same layer of steel girder frames are detachably connected through connecting pieces; the connecting pieces comprise a basic connecting piece, a middle connecting piece and a top connecting piece;

the truss walls are arranged in a plurality of layers, each layer of truss wall encloses a plurality of building spaces, the truss wall at the bottom layer is detachably connected with the upper part of a foundation connecting piece, and the foundation connecting piece is fixed on the concrete foundation; the two adjacent truss walls are detachably connected through a middle layer connecting piece, and the truss wall on the top layer is detachably connected with the roof through a top layer connecting piece;

the building frame comprises a first-layer building frame and a building frame above the first layer, wherein the first-layer building frame is arranged on a steel beam frame of the bottom layer, and the building frame above the first layer is arranged on an upper flange of a lower chord of the truss wall.

2. The detachable building according to claim 1, wherein the concrete foundation is a standard member with a cup opening, the cup opening is square, rectangular, regular polygon or circular, and bolts are embedded in the cup opening; the bottom of the concrete foundation is enlarged, and the bottom surface is square, rectangle, regular polygon or round.

3. The modular building of claim 1, wherein the truss wall is configured to withstand both building vertical loads and partial horizontal loads; the skeleton of truss wall adopts light steel truss, the truss wall intussuseption is filled with first fire prevention insulation material, the truss wall sets up two-sided first decoration panel, and first decoration panel inboard is supported and is fixed by shaped steel or cold rolled steel joist, the bight sets up T type rib around the truss wall.

4. The modular building of claim 1, wherein floor mat panels and floor layers are laid on the building frame, the building frame is filled with a class a fire and sound insulation material, and both sides of the building frame rest on flanges extending from truss walls.

5. The detachable building according to claim 1, wherein the upper end and the lower end of the truss wall upright post are respectively provided with a socket, the lower part of the foundation connecting piece is provided with a column foot, the column foot is fixed on the concrete foundation, the upper part of the foundation connecting piece is provided with a foundation connecting piece upper plug, the upper part of the middle layer connecting piece is provided with a middle layer connecting piece upper plug, the lower part of the middle layer connecting piece is provided with a middle layer connecting piece lower plug, and the lower part of the top layer connecting piece is provided with a top layer connecting piece lower plug;

the foundation connecting piece plug, the middle connecting piece and the top connecting piece plug can be inserted into the socket of the truss wall upright post and fixed.

6. The modular building of claim 5, wherein the overlapping sections of the upper base connector plug, the upper middle connector plug, the lower middle connector plug and the lower top connector plug are bolted to the upper and lower truss wall column slots.

7. The modular building of claim 6, wherein an outdoor platform cantilever beam one is provided in the middle of the base connector, an outdoor platform cantilever Liang Er is provided in the middle of the middle connector, and an outdoor platform cantilever Liang San is provided in the middle of the top connector;

the first outdoor platform cantilever beam, the outdoor platform cantilever Liang Er and the outdoor platform cantilever Liang San are detachably connected with the base connecting piece, the middle connecting piece and the top connecting piece of the corresponding layers respectively.

8. The modular building of claim 1, wherein the roof includes a roof truss and a roof deck, the roof deck being laid on the roof truss, the roof truss being removably connected to the roof deck connector.

9. The detachable building according to claim 1, wherein an external wall panel is detachably provided to the outer wall of the building in a direction perpendicular to the truss wall, and the external wall panel is supported by the lower layer steel beams through a supporting member and fixedly connected to the upper and lower layer steel beams by tie bolts.

10. A method of constructing a modular building according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:

leveling a site, placing a concrete foundation, and fixing a foundation connecting piece on the concrete foundation; the steel beam is connected with the foundation connecting piece through bolts to form a steel beam frame at the bottom layer;

lifting the building frame, placing the building frame on a steel beam frame at the bottom layer from top to bottom, and fastening after calibration; the storey above the first storey, the building frame is placed on the upper flange of the truss wall lower chord from top to bottom, and fastening is carried out after calibration; sleeving the truss wall onto a plug on the basic connecting piece from top to bottom, and fastening by bolts after correcting the size; installing a middle layer connecting piece at the upper end of the truss wall, and fastening by bolts; the fourth steel beam and the fifth steel beam of the vertical truss wall are arranged between the middle-layer connecting pieces and are fastened by bolts; installing stairs and an inner partition board; repeating the steps, and sequentially installing the truss wall, the building frame, the steel girder frame, the stairs and the inner partition plate on the upper layer;

installing a top layer connecting piece at the top end of the truss wall, and fastening by bolts; mounting steel beams IV and five of the vertical truss wall between the top-layer connecting pieces, and fastening by bolts; and installing an external wall board on the outer wall steel beam, installing a roof truss on the top of the truss wall of the top layer, and paving a roof layer on the roof truss.

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