CN116197408A - Additive manufacturing method of noble metal product and noble metal product - Google Patents
Additive manufacturing method of noble metal product and noble metal product Download PDFInfo
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- CN116197408A CN116197408A CN202310248379.7A CN202310248379A CN116197408A CN 116197408 A CN116197408 A CN 116197408A CN 202310248379 A CN202310248379 A CN 202310248379A CN 116197408 A CN116197408 A CN 116197408A
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- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000016 photochemical curing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 67
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 16
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000272814 Anser sp. Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005495 investment casting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
- B22F10/12—Formation of a green body by photopolymerisation, e.g. stereolithography [SLA] or digital light processing [DLP]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/66—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
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- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses an additive manufacturing method of a noble metal product and the noble metal product, relates to the technical field of noble metal additive manufacturing, and can improve the efficiency of the noble metal product additive manufacturing and reduce the cost of the noble metal product additive manufacturing. The specific scheme comprises the following steps: preparing noble metal slurry by using photosensitive resin, dispersing agent, anti-settling agent and noble metal powder; placing the noble metal slurry as a 3D printing material of a noble metal product in a photocuring 3D printer; printing noble metal slurry according to a simulation model of a noble metal product preset in a photo-curing 3D printer until a green model of the noble metal product is generated; and cleaning, degreasing, sintering and polishing the green model in sequence to obtain a printed noble metal product.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of precious metal additive manufacturing, in particular to an additive manufacturing method of a precious metal product and the precious metal product.
Background
Additive manufacturing techniques are techniques for manufacturing entities by data design using a layer-by-layer accumulation of materials. The method not only can realize batch production of the same model/different models, but also can greatly save time and materials, and can greatly improve the success rate in the process of processing the complex structure.
The existing additive manufacturing method of noble metal products is packaging of traditional casting technology, which essentially utilizes the additive manufacturing technology to manufacture an organism model, and then turns over the model to obtain the final product, which still belongs to the casting technology category. But this manufacturing method is less efficient and more costly.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides an additive manufacturing method of a noble metal product and the noble metal product, which can improve the efficiency of additive manufacturing of the noble metal product and reduce the cost of additive manufacturing of the noble metal product.
In a first aspect of embodiments of the present application, there is provided a method for additive manufacturing of a precious metal product, the method comprising:
preparing noble metal slurry by using photosensitive resin, dispersing agent, anti-settling agent and noble metal powder;
placing the noble metal slurry as a 3D printing material of a noble metal product in a photocuring 3D printer;
printing noble metal slurry according to a simulation model of a noble metal product preset in a photo-curing 3D printer until a green model of the noble metal product is generated;
and cleaning, degreasing, sintering and polishing the green model in sequence to obtain a printed noble metal product.
In one embodiment, a noble metal slurry is prepared using a photosensitive resin, a dispersant, an anti-settling agent, and a noble metal powder, comprising:
mixing photosensitive resin, a dispersing agent and an anti-settling agent to obtain an organic mixture;
noble metal powder is added to the organic mixture to obtain noble metal slurry.
In one embodiment, printing the precious metal paste comprises:
printing noble metal slurry under preset conditions;
the preset conditions are as follows: the exposure of the photo-curing 3D printer is 15-25 mw/cm 2 The number of the bottom layers printed is 3-9, the exposure time of the bottom layer is 6-12 seconds, and the normal exposure time is 3-6 seconds.
In one embodiment, the green model is sequentially cleaned, degreased, sintered, and polished to obtain a printed precious metal product, comprising:
placing the green embryo model in an alcohol solution, ultrasonically cleaning for 5-20 min, taking out, placing in an oven for drying, and weighing the green embryo model;
repeating the executing process until the weight difference between the weight of the green embryo model and the weight of the dried green embryo model is smaller than the preset weight, and obtaining the cleaned green embryo model;
degreasing, sintering and polishing the cleaned green model in sequence to obtain a printed noble metal product.
In one embodiment, degreasing, sintering and polishing are sequentially performed on the cleaned green model to obtain a printed noble metal product, including:
placing the cleaned green embryo model into a hot air degreasing furnace, and obtaining a degreased green embryo model when the surface of the cleaned green embryo model is in the color of noble metal;
sintering and polishing the degreased green model to obtain a printed noble metal product.
In one embodiment, sintering and polishing the degreased green model to obtain a printed noble metal product, comprising:
cooling the degreased green model to room temperature, and then embedding the degreased green model into ceramic powder to obtain a filled green model;
placing the filled green blank model into a muffle furnace for sintering treatment, then placing the green blank model into water for quenching treatment to obtain the sintered green blank model, wherein the sintering treatment is to heat up to 850-910 ℃ at a speed of 2 ℃/min and then heat-preserving for 30-60 min;
polishing the sintered green model to obtain the printed noble metal product.
In one embodiment, polishing the sintered green model to obtain a printed noble metal product, comprising:
placing the sintered green model into a magnetic polishing machine, and adding pure water into the magnetic polishing machine for polishing to obtain a primary polishing model;
and carrying out mirror polishing treatment or frosting polishing treatment on the primary polishing model to obtain a printed noble metal product.
In one embodiment, the mirror polishing process for the primary polishing model includes:
placing the primary polishing model in a roller polishing machine for mirror polishing;
the roller polishing machine comprises ceramic balls, the grain diameter of the ceramic balls is 1 mm-1.5 mm, the number of the ceramic balls is determined according to the volume of a primary polishing model, and the polishing time is 30-60 min.
In one embodiment, the sanding surface polishing treatment is performed on the primary polishing model, which comprises:
placing the primary polishing model in a roller polishing machine to polish the frosted surface;
the roller polishing machine comprises ceramsite balls, the particle size of the ceramsite balls is 0.1-0.5 mm, the number of the ceramsite balls is determined according to the volume of a primary polishing model, and the polishing time is 30-60 min.
In a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a precious metal product is provided, where the precious metal product is prepared by using the additive manufacturing method of the precious metal product in the first aspect of the embodiments of the present application.
The beneficial effects that technical scheme that this application embodiment provided include at least:
the additive manufacturing method of the noble metal product, provided by the embodiment of the application, is to apply the photocuring additive manufacturing principle to the additive manufacturing technology of the noble metal material, and prepare the noble metal slurry by utilizing the photosensitive resin, the dispersing agent, the anti-settling agent and the noble metal powder to carry out photocuring additive manufacturing of the noble metal material, so that the direct three-dimensional forming of complex components can be realized without manufacturing a die or a reverse die blank. Compared with the complex process of the turnover mould technology and the low manufacturing efficiency and low precision of the laser cladding additive manufacturing technology, the additive manufacturing method of the noble metal product provided by the application has the advantages of higher manufacturing efficiency and lower cost.
Meanwhile, the additive manufacturing method of the noble metal product can directly manufacture silver decorations with complex structures such as high hollowness and nesting, the complexity of the product has no correlation with manufacturing cost, and the defects that the product manufactured by the traditional manufacturing method has low complexity and the complexity is in direct proportion to the manufacturing cost can be overcome.
Furthermore, the application can lead the prepared noble metal product to achieve light weight and high strength through the design of the internal micropore structure, and the consumption of noble metal can be reduced by 20 to 30 percent under the same volume, thereby reducing the cost and improving the strength of the product.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for additive manufacturing of a precious metal product according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a wild goose tower simulation model provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a transport bead simulation model according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments herein without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present application.
The terms "first" and "second" are used below for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
In addition, the use of "based on" or "according to" is meant to be open and inclusive, as a process, step, calculation, or other action that is "based on" or "according to" one or more conditions or values may in practice be based on additional conditions or exceeded values.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for additive manufacturing of a noble metal product, the method including the steps of:
and 101, preparing the noble metal slurry by using photosensitive resin, a dispersing agent, an anti-settling agent and noble metal powder.
The noble metal powder may be silver powder, gold powder, platinum powder, etc., which is not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present application.
Alternatively, the photosensitive resin, the dispersing agent and the anti-settling agent may be mixed to obtain an organic mixture, and then the noble metal powder is added to the organic mixture to obtain the noble metal slurry.
And 102, placing the noble metal slurry serving as a 3D printing material of a noble metal product in a photo-curing 3D printer.
The photocuring 3D printing technology is to control ultraviolet light beams to selectively cure photosensitive resin layer by layer through a computer, control displacement of a platform in the z-axis direction, cure the next layer of photosensitive resin on the upper curing layer, and further finish manufacturing of the 3D printing workpiece.
And 103, printing the noble metal slurry according to a simulation model of a noble metal product preset in a photo-curing 3D printer until a green model of the noble metal product is generated.
The green model is a precious metal product directly printed by a photo-curing 3D printer, and the directly printed precious metal product can be obtained after cleaning, degreasing, sintering and polishing.
It should be noted that, a simulation model of the noble metal product needs to be established in advance, and the simulation model size is enlarged by 1.3 to 1.6 times in proportion in combination with the actual shrinkage. Then, the manufactured model file is imported into a photo-curing 3D printer, the model is sliced, the slicing thickness is controlled to be 30-50 mu m/layer, and then printing is performed.
Optionally, the printing conditions for printing the noble metal slurry are: the exposure of the photo-curing 3D printer is 15-25 mw/cm 2 The number of the bottom layers printed is 3-9, the exposure time of the bottom layer is 6-12 seconds, and the normal exposure time is 3-6 seconds.
And 104, cleaning, degreasing, sintering and polishing the green model in sequence to obtain a printed noble metal product.
The cleaning is mainly to clean uncured slurry in the printed green embryo model, and degreasing is used for removing organic matters in the green embryo model, so that only noble metal materials are reserved in the green embryo model. Sintering is to increase the strength of the product. Polishing can provide the aesthetics of the product.
Optionally, the process of cleaning the embryo model may be:
and (3) placing the green-brick model in an alcohol solution, ultrasonically cleaning for 5-20 min, taking out, placing in an oven for drying, weighing the weight of the green-brick model, and repeating the execution process until the weight difference between the weight of the green-brick model and the weight of the dried green-brick model is smaller than the preset weight, so as to obtain the cleaned green-brick model, and sequentially degreasing, sintering and polishing the cleaned green-brick model to obtain the printed noble metal product.
Wherein the ultrasonic frequency during ultrasonic cleaning is 30-35 Hz. The preset weight may be less than 0.5% of the weight of the green model before washing, as a weight difference between the weight of the green model and the weight of the green model after drying. For example, the pre-set weight is 1% when the green model weighs 100g before cleaning and 99 g after cleaning.
In the actual execution process, the printed and cured green model is unloaded from the printer, placed in 50% alcohol solution, ultrasonically cleaned for 5-20 min, taken out, placed in an oven, dried at 80 ℃ and weighed. And repeating the steps until the difference between the last weighing weight and the previous weighing weight is less than 0.5%, and considering that the internal uncured slurry is cleaned and the cleaning is finished.
Optionally, the degreasing process of the cleaned green embryo model may be:
placing the cleaned green blank model into a hot air degreasing furnace, obtaining a degreased green blank model until the surface of the cleaned green blank model is in the color of noble metal, and then carrying out sintering treatment and polishing treatment on the degreased green blank model to obtain a printed noble metal product.
In the actual implementation process, the cleaned green model may be placed in a hot air degreasing furnace. Each time of heat preservation takes the surface of a sample as a reference index, wherein the surface of the sample is uniform noble metal color and no brown, yellow or black organic matters are used as reference indexes.
Optionally, the sintering process of the degreased green model may be:
cooling the degreased green blank model to room temperature, then embedding the degreased green blank model into ceramic powder to obtain a filled green blank model, then placing the filled green blank model into a muffle furnace for sintering treatment, then placing the filled green blank model into water for quenching treatment to obtain a sintered green blank model, wherein the sintering treatment is to heat up to 850-910 ℃ at a speed of 2 ℃/min and then heat-preserving for 30-60 min; and finally, polishing the sintered green model to obtain a printed noble metal product.
In the actual execution process, the degreased green model can be cooled to room temperature in air, then the sample is buried into ceramic powder, so that the powder fully fills the gaps of the sample, then the sample is placed into a muffle furnace for sintering, the temperature is raised to 850-910 ℃ from the room temperature at the speed of 2 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 30-60 min, and then the sample is taken out and rapidly placed into water for quenching.
Optionally, the polishing process of the green model after sintering may be:
placing the sintered green body model into a magnetic polishing machine, adding pure water into the magnetic polishing machine for polishing to obtain a primary polishing model, and then carrying out mirror polishing treatment or frosting polishing treatment on the primary polishing model to obtain a printed noble metal product.
Wherein, the process of performing mirror polishing treatment on the primary polishing model may be: placing the primary polishing model in a roller polishing machine for mirror polishing; the roller polishing machine comprises ceramic balls, the grain diameter of the mirror polished ceramic balls is 1 mm-1.5 mm, the number of the ceramic balls is determined according to the volume of a primary polishing model, and the polishing time is 30-60 min.
The process of performing frosting polishing treatment on the primary polishing model can be as follows:
and placing the primary polishing model into a roller polishing machine to polish the frosted surface, wherein the roller polishing machine comprises ceramsite balls, the particle size of the ceramsite balls for polishing the frosted surface is 0.1-0.5 mm, the number of the ceramsite balls is determined according to the volume of the primary polishing model, and the polishing time is 30-60 min.
In the actual execution process, the quenched sample can be placed in a magnetic polishing machine, pure water is added into the polishing machine until the liquid level just covers all the samples and the magnetic needles, and the polishing time is 30-120 min; and taking out the sample, and carrying out mirror or frosted surface polishing process according to different requirements. Mirror polishing: placing the samples in a roller polishing machine, adding ceramsite balls, controlling the particle size to be 1-1.5 mm, and controlling the number to be just enough to cover all the samples, wherein the polishing time is 30-60 min. Polishing a frosted surface: placing the samples in a roller polishing machine, adding ceramic balls, controlling the particle size to be 0.1-0.5 mm, and controlling the number to be just enough to cover all the samples, wherein the polishing time is 30-60 min; and then taking out the sample and drying.
The additive manufacturing method of the noble metal product avoids complex process, high cost and long processing period caused by the traditional lost wax casting method. Meanwhile, the personalized customized products can be industrially produced, so that a plurality of samples with different structures can be industrially produced in a single batch, and the production efficiency is greatly improved; in addition, the manufacturing precision and the compatibility of complex structures of the product prepared by the method are improved, and as the method can meet the manufacturing requirements of various nested structures which cannot be completed manually, the processing precision is about 30-50 mu m, and the manufacturing precision is obviously improved compared with the traditional noble metal product processing method. Furthermore, the noble metal product prepared by the method is light and high in strength, is built on the basis of complex structure manufacturing, can pass through the hollow supporting structure inside, can improve the structural strength of the product on the basis of reducing the consumption of noble metal, meets the wearing requirement, and reduces the price of the product.
The embodiment of the application also provides a noble metal product, which is prepared by adopting the additive manufacturing method of the noble metal product.
The embodiment of the application provides a specific process of an additive manufacturing method of a silver wild goose tower product.
(1) Preparing raw materials: sequentially adding silver powder, photosensitive resin, dispersing agent and anti-settling agent into a container, stirring for 2 hours to form silver-containing slurry, and placing the silver-containing slurry into a photocuring 3D printer, wherein the volume of the slurry is about 2L; wherein the silver powder accounts for 80wt%, the photosensitive resin accounts for 18.2wt%, the anti-settling agent (byk-410) accounts for 0.8wt% and the dispersing agent (byk-3500) accounts for 1 wt%.
(2) And (3) model making: establishing a target model by using 3Dmax, wherein the model hollowness is 83%, and the minimum thickness of the line is 2mm; the target length, width and height of the product are 0.7cm, 0.7cm and 2.0cm, the linear shrinkage of the green body is 30%, and the length, width and height of the model are 1.43 times larger than those of the corresponding length, width and height, namely, the length, width and height are 1.0cm, 1.0cm and 2.9cm. As shown in fig. 2, a schematic diagram of a wild goose tower simulation model is provided.
(3) And (3) model printing: the prepared model file is imported into a photo-curing 3D printer, the model is sliced, the slice thickness is controlled to be 50 mu m/layer, and then printing is performed.
(4) Cleaning: the solidified green body is removed from the printer, placed in 50% alcohol solution, ultrasonically cleaned for 10min and then taken out. Weigh it. And repeating the steps until the difference between the last weighing weight and the previous weighing weight is less than 0.5%, and considering that the internal uncured slurry is cleaned and the cleaning is finished.
(5) Degreasing: unloading the cleaned green body model from the printer, and placing the green body model in a hot air degreasing furnace, wherein the degreasing process comprises the following steps: heating to 180 ℃ from room temperature at 2 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 3 hours, wherein the aim is to dry; then heating to 230 ℃ at the speed of 0.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3 hours, heating to 280 ℃ at the speed of 0.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3 hours, heating to 330 ℃ at the speed of 0.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3 hours, heating to 360 ℃ at the speed of 0.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 3 hours, and heating to 390 ℃ at the speed of 0.5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 1 hour. Each time of heat preservation, the surface of the sample is even and grey white and no brown, yellow or black organic matters are used as reference indexes.
(6) Presintering: and (3) placing the degreased green body in a muffle furnace, heating to 550 ℃ from room temperature at a speed of 2 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 30min to perform presintering.
(7) Sintering: taking out the sample, cooling the sample to room temperature in air, embedding the sample into ceramic powder to fully fill the gaps of the sample, sintering the powder in a muffle furnace, heating the powder to 880 ℃ from the room temperature at a speed of 2 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 60min, taking out the sample, and rapidly quenching the powder in water.
(8) Polishing: placing the quenched sample in a magnetic polishing machine, adding pure water into the polishing machine until the liquid level just covers all the samples and the magnetic needles, and polishing for 30min; and taking out the sample, putting the sample into a roller polishing machine, adding water and ceramic balls, wherein the grain size is 0.3mm, polishing time is 30, taking out the sample, and drying to obtain the silver frosted surface hollowed-out wild goose tower.
The embodiment of the application also provides a specific process of the additive manufacturing method of the silver transfer bead product.
(1) Preparing raw materials: sequentially adding silver powder, photosensitive resin, dispersing agent and anti-settling agent into a container, stirring for 2 hours to form silver-containing slurry, and placing the silver-containing slurry into a photocuring 3D printer, wherein the volume of the slurry is about 2L; wherein the silver powder accounts for 80wt%, the photosensitive resin accounts for 18.2wt%, the anti-settling agent (byk-410) accounts for 0.8wt% and the dispersing agent (byk-3500) accounts for 1 wt%.
(2) And (3) model making: establishing a target model by using 3Dmax, wherein the model hollowness is 75%, and the minimum thickness of the line is 1mm; the target diameter of the product is 1cm, the linear shrinkage of the green body is 30%, and the corresponding diameter of the model is enlarged by 1.43 times, namely 1.43cm. As shown in fig. 3, a schematic representation of a transport bead simulation model is provided.
(3) And (3) model printing: the prepared model file is imported into a photo-curing 3D printer, the model is sliced, the slice thickness is controlled to be 50 mu m/layer, and then printing is performed.
(4) Cleaning: the solidified green body is removed from the printer, placed in 50% alcohol solution, ultrasonically cleaned for 10min and then taken out. Weigh it. And repeating the steps until the difference between the last weighing weight and the previous weighing weight is less than 0.5%, and considering that the internal uncured slurry is cleaned and the cleaning is finished.
(5) Degreasing: unloading the cleaned green body model from the printer, and placing the green body model in a hot air degreasing furnace, wherein the degreasing process comprises the following steps: heating to 180 ℃ from room temperature at 2 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 3 hours, wherein the aim is to dry; then heating to 230 ℃ at a speed of 1 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2 hours, heating to 280 ℃ at a speed of 1 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2 hours, heating to 330 ℃ at a speed of 1 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2 hours, heating to 360 ℃ at a speed of 1 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2 hours, heating to 390 ℃ at a speed of 1 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 1 hour. Each time of heat preservation, the surface of the sample is even and grey white and no brown, yellow or black organic matters are used as reference indexes.
(6) Presintering: and (3) placing the degreased green body in a muffle furnace, heating to 550 ℃ from room temperature at a speed of 2 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 30min to perform presintering.
(7) Sintering: taking out the sample, cooling the sample to room temperature in air, embedding the sample into ceramic powder to fully fill the gaps of the sample, sintering the powder in a muffle furnace, heating the powder to 880 ℃ from the room temperature at a speed of 2 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 60min, taking out the sample, and rapidly quenching the powder in water.
(8) Polishing: placing the quenched sample in a magnetic polishing machine, adding pure water into the polishing machine until the liquid level just covers all the samples and the magnetic needles, and polishing for 30min; and taking out the sample, putting the sample into a roller polishing machine, adding water and ceramic balls, wherein the grain diameter is 1.5mm, polishing time is 30 mm, taking out the sample, and drying to obtain the silver mirror hollow transfer beads.
The additive manufacturing method of the noble metal product, provided by the embodiment of the application, is to apply the photocuring additive manufacturing principle to the additive manufacturing technology of the noble metal material, and prepare the noble metal slurry by utilizing the photosensitive resin, the dispersing agent, the anti-settling agent and the noble metal powder to carry out photocuring additive manufacturing of the noble metal material, so that the direct three-dimensional forming of complex components can be realized without manufacturing a die or a reverse die blank. Compared with the complex process of the turnover mould technology and the low manufacturing efficiency and low precision of the laser cladding additive manufacturing technology, the additive manufacturing method of the noble metal product provided by the application has the advantages of higher manufacturing efficiency and lower cost.
Meanwhile, the additive manufacturing method of the noble metal product can directly manufacture silver decorations with complex structures such as high hollowness and nesting, the complexity of the product has no correlation with manufacturing cost, and the defects that the product manufactured by the traditional manufacturing method has low complexity and the complexity is in direct proportion to the manufacturing cost can be overcome.
Furthermore, the application can lead the prepared noble metal product to achieve light weight and high strength through the design of the internal micropore structure, and the consumption of noble metal can be reduced by 20 to 30 percent under the same volume, thereby reducing the cost and improving the strength of the product.
The technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The foregoing examples represent only a few embodiments of the present application, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it would be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements could be made without departing from the spirit of the present application, which would be within the scope of the present application. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present application is to be determined by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (10)
1. A method of additive manufacturing of a precious metal product, the method comprising:
preparing noble metal slurry by using photosensitive resin, dispersing agent, anti-settling agent and noble metal powder;
placing the noble metal slurry as a 3D printing material of the noble metal product in a photocuring 3D printer;
printing the noble metal slurry according to a simulation model of the noble metal product preset in the photocuring 3D printer until a green body model of the noble metal product is generated;
and cleaning, degreasing, sintering and polishing the green model in sequence to obtain a printed noble metal product.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the preparing a noble metal slurry using a photosensitive resin, a dispersant, an anti-settling agent, and a noble metal powder comprises:
mixing the photosensitive resin, the dispersing agent and the anti-settling agent to obtain an organic mixture;
and adding the noble metal powder into the organic mixture to obtain the noble metal slurry.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the printing the noble metal slurry comprises:
printing the noble metal slurry under preset conditions;
the preset conditions are as follows: the exposure of the photo-curing 3D printer is 15-25 mw/cm 2 The number of the bottom layers printed is 3-9, the exposure time of the bottom layer is 6-12 seconds, and the normal exposure time is 3-6 seconds.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the sequentially performing cleaning, degreasing, sintering and polishing processes on the green model to obtain a printed noble metal product comprises:
placing the green embryo model in an alcohol solution, ultrasonically cleaning for 5-20 min, taking out, placing in an oven for drying, and weighing the green embryo model;
repeating the executing process until the weight difference between the weight of the green embryo model and the weight of the dried green embryo model is smaller than the preset weight, and obtaining the cleaned green embryo model;
and degreasing, sintering and polishing the cleaned green model in sequence to obtain a printed noble metal product.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the degreasing, sintering and polishing steps are sequentially performed on the cleaned green model to obtain a printed noble metal product, and the method comprises the following steps:
placing the cleaned green embryo model into a hot air degreasing furnace, and obtaining a degreased green embryo model when the surface of the cleaned green embryo model is in the color of noble metal;
and sintering and polishing the degreased green model to obtain a printed noble metal product.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the sintering and polishing the defatted green model to obtain a printed precious metal product comprises:
cooling the degreased green model to room temperature and then embedding the degreased green model into ceramic powder to obtain a filled green model;
placing the filled green blank model into a muffle furnace for sintering treatment, then placing the green blank model into water for quenching treatment to obtain a sintered green blank model, wherein the sintering treatment is to heat up to 850-910 ℃ at a speed of 2 ℃/min and then heat-preserving for 30-60 min;
polishing the sintered green model to obtain the printed noble metal product.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein polishing the sintered green model to obtain a printed precious metal product comprises:
placing the sintered green model into a magnetic polishing machine, and adding pure water into the magnetic polishing machine to polish to obtain a primary polishing model;
and carrying out mirror polishing treatment or frosting polishing treatment on the primary polishing model to obtain a printed noble metal product.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the mirror polishing process is performed on the primary polishing model, comprising:
placing the primary polishing model in a roller polishing machine for mirror polishing;
the roller polishing machine comprises ceramic balls, the grain size of the ceramic balls is 1 mm-1.5 mm, the number of the ceramic balls is determined according to the volume of the primary polishing model, and the polishing time is 30-60 min.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the primary polishing model is subjected to a frosting polishing process comprising:
placing the primary polishing model into a roller polishing machine for frosting polishing;
the roller polishing machine comprises ceramsite balls, the particle size of the ceramsite balls is 0.1-0.5 mm, the number of the ceramsite balls is determined according to the volume of the primary polishing model, and the polishing time is 30-60 min.
10. A precious metal product, characterized in that the precious metal product is produced by the additive manufacturing method of the precious metal product according to any one of claims 1-9.
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