CN116194277A - 用于机动车的用于环境检测的设备的制造 - Google Patents

用于机动车的用于环境检测的设备的制造 Download PDF

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CN116194277A
CN116194277A CN202180063834.5A CN202180063834A CN116194277A CN 116194277 A CN116194277 A CN 116194277A CN 202180063834 A CN202180063834 A CN 202180063834A CN 116194277 A CN116194277 A CN 116194277A
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laser
face
housing
motor vehicle
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M·施塔德勒
T·拉布尔
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4811—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements common to transmitter and receiver
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    • B29C66/65—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles with a relative motion between the article and the welding tool
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    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车的环境检测的设备，所述设备具有用于检测机动车的环境的激光检测装置；与检测装置固定连接的支架，所述支架设置为用于将检测装置安置于机动车的车身；外罩构件，其中，所述支架和所述外罩构件分别具有一个端面，该端面面向另一个端面。此外，本发明涉及一种用于借助于激光透射焊接制造环境检测设备的方法。

Description

用于机动车的用于环境检测的设备的制造
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车的环境检测的设备以及一种用于制造用于机动车的环境检测的设备的方法。
背景技术
特别是对于自主行驶功能，机动车需要激光检测装置、例如LiDAR传感器。所述激光检测装置通常设置在车辆前方、例如在前挡泥板的后面。
在当今的车辆中，由于存在对避免在环境检测视野中的光学失真的高需求，要么LIDAR视野的区域从所覆盖的外罩构件裁制出，要么所述环境检测部这样设置，使得其视野本来就不被外罩构件妨碍。
但因为通过环境检测部和特别是LIDAR传感器的敞开的布置结构，机动车的视觉全貌可能受干扰，值得期望的是，环境检测部可以这样设置在外罩构件的后面，使得机动车的视觉外观不由此受到妨碍。
不过，例如基于LIDAR的环境检测设备的功能在此应在寿命上不受妨碍。在此特别应注意的是矫正光学失真，所述光学失真不允许超过0.1°的公差。为了利用LIDAR达到该要求，所述LIDAR应直接牢固地接合到外罩构件上。
发明内容
在该背景下，本发明的任务在于，改善一种用于制造用于机动车的环境检测设备的方法和一种用于机动车的环境检测的设备。
所述任务通过一种具有权利要求1的特征的设备以及一种具有权利要求7的特征的制造方法来解决。从属权利要求涉及本发明的有利的进一步扩展方案。
按照一个方面给出一种用于机动车的环境检测、特别是用于间距和速度监视的设备。所述设备至少具有：
(a)激光检测装置，特别是包括激光发射器和检测传感器件、例如LIDAR单元。在当今的机动车中通常使用的LIDAR单元具有约905纳米的红外波长(自然也可想到其他波长，这些波长鉴于眼睛保护和所需的功能性而被考虑在列)和几个纳秒的脉冲长度(目前约2ns)。
(b)与检测装置固定连接的支架，所述支架特别是包含或者由塑料材料、如ABS或PC制成，所述支架设置为用于将检测装置(尽可能没有相对的运动间隙地)安置于机动车的车身，
(c)特别是与支架固定连接的外罩构件、例如前挡泥板或其他饰件(例如带有车辆制造商的徽章的标牌饰件)，所述外罩构件完全地或至少在检测区域中(即在检测区域与外罩构件的相交区域中)对于所述激光的波长和/或对于任意波长的激光辐射是可穿透的。所述外罩构件也可以是封闭的冷却格栅面、亦即在机动车的前照灯之间的面。所述外罩构件可以是如下部分，该部分构成为车辆车身的组成部分，例如车身盖、特别是前盖、后盖；或侧门、挡泥板、侧门槛护板、窗玻璃。外罩构件优选覆盖比支架或激光检测装置投影到外罩构件上的投影面积而明显更大的面积。例如，所述外罩构件比支架或激光检测装置的外部尺寸大至少两倍或三倍或四倍或五倍或六倍或七倍或八倍或十倍。
在此，所述支架和外罩构件分别具有一个端面，该端面面向另一个端面，其中，所述外罩构件特别是在可见的波区域中是不透明、亦即不可透视的。
所述支架和所述外罩构件在彼此面向的端面上与检测区域间隔开距离地固定地且特别是不可无损坏拆卸地相互连接。
由此可以实现，所述支架和所述外罩构件可靠地在机动车的寿命上保持其彼此间的位置和因此对于激光的保持不变的光学关系。
所述支架特别是包含或者由不可由激光穿透的、但可由激光融化的材料、特别是塑料材料构成或者至少在其端面的区域中具有这样的材料。
当前，检测区域特别是应理解为如下区域，用于激光检测的激光辐射由激光穿过所述区域发出至环境或者可以由环境穿过所述区域传播至所述设备的检测传感器件。通常，所述检测区域具有锥体或截锥体类型的形状，所述锥体或截锥体从激光发射器出发。
当前，检测窗可以称为检测区域与环境检测设备的部件的任意的相交平面(Schnittebene)。
激光检测装置优选可以具有特别是封闭的或基本上封闭的壳体。有利的是，所述壳体装配在支架上。特别是，所述激光检测装置仅装配在支架上，由此仅所述支架定义激光检测装置的位置，其中，支架的位置又通过与外罩构件的不可拆卸的连接来定义。
所述激光检测装置的壳体可以有利地具有保护玻璃，所述保护玻璃对于所述激光的波长是可穿透的。
通常，所述激光检测装置是光电组件，所述光电组件对于车辆制造商而言是供应商构件，车辆制造商作为组件获得所述供应商构件并且然后将其集成到车辆中，这按照本发明通过紧固在支架上进行。
有利地，所述支架仅通过外罩构件与机动车连接。
因此，仅所述外罩构件确定支架和因此激光检测装置的位置。
所述支架可以构成为一件式的。
所述支架有利地具有封闭的周边，所述周边带有相应的端面，该端面同样封闭地构成、亦即环形地构成，其中，环形就此而言不仅包括圆环，而且包括任意种类的封闭的环、也例如矩形环或其他多边形环或椭圆形环。
由此，所述连接可以在外罩构件与支架之间实施为完全且持续密封的，从而在外罩构件与支架之间例如不会有污染物或液体、如水侵入。
所述支架可以完全地、亦即在所有平行于外罩构件的方向上围绕激光检测装置的壳体，从而相应地预定激光检测装置的位置。
按照另一方面给出一种用于制造环境检测设备的方法，所述环境检测设备(das)特别是按照本发明的实施方式构成，所述方法包括如下步骤：
(1)将外罩构件的端面和支架的端面彼此定位，
(2)借助于至少一个激光射束将各端面相互焊接，其中，为了焊接使所述至少一个激光射束引导穿过外罩构件。
这特别是意味着，在支架与外罩构件之间的连接借助于引导穿过对于激光透明的外罩构件的激光辐射来引入，所述激光辐射特别是设置为用于使支架在其端面上的材料融化并且通过该热量输入必要时(在这对于连接的鲁棒性是需要的时候)特别是也融化外罩构件在其端面上的材料。
本发明此外基于如下考虑，即，所述外罩构件和支架本身借助于塑料焊接连接能够按照非常简单的方法而非常可靠地连接，不过这在过去由于检测装置与外罩构件彼此间的布置结构并不是技术上经济的或者最初是没有意义的，因为激光射束朝向潜在的连接部位的引导被要安装的外罩构件阻挡。
现在，本发明基于如下创意，即，具有LIDAR发射器和传感器的检测装置利用支架借助于激光穿透射束焊接(也称为激光透射焊接)牢固地接合到对于激光透明的外罩构件上。在此，所述外罩构件由对于LIDAR或激光透明的材料组成，所述材料在可见的波长范围中不透明，例如看上去是黑色或灰色。通过该特性，外罩构件在激光穿透射束焊接的情况下在所述外罩构件被激光射束贯穿了之后又射出激光射束。而接合有LIDAR发射器和传感器的支架的材料则吸收激光、至少所使用的波长的激光。
由此可以保证在外罩构件与检测装置的支架之间的材料锁合的连接。
在此，所述外罩构件按照一种实施方式具有至少一个保护涂层、特别是对于激光透明的保护漆，所述保护涂层至少保护外罩构件免受环境影响。
通过将支架与外罩构件、以及与LIDAR发射器和传感器连接，排除所连接的构件相互间的相对运动。
按照一种实施方式，所述连接在端面上沿径向方向(特别是关于支架的纵向轴线)与支架的外壳轮廓间隔开距离地构成。这里，外壳轮廓特别是应理解为支架的外壳面或者说侧面的全部，而与该支架在外壳面上构成为旋转对称的还是棱柱形的无关。
即使在穿过外罩构件来焊接的情况下，这也能实现连接缝或连接点的可靠地保持不变的质量，这不同于例如在外壳面的棱边和支架的端面上进行焊接的情况，在那里附加地必需考虑支架的外部尺寸的尺寸公差，以便达到焊缝或焊点的保持不变的质量。
按照一种实施方式，所述连接借助于至少一个融化的区域、特别是借助于一个或更多个塑料焊点和/或焊缝构成在支架中和/或外罩构件中的相应的端面上。
通过材料锁合的连接，在机动车的寿命上并且在部分高频的交变载荷的情况下也保证所述连接的可靠的尺寸精确性和/或低的失灵率。
按照一种实施方式，所述连接在各端面上完全环绕检测窗地构成，所述检测窗特别是通过端面与检测区域的相交平面定义。
这能实现激光的检测区域在支架与外罩构件之间的间隔空间中的密封、特别是相对于光学上起作用的环境影响、如湿气和/或污物而密封。
按照一种实施方式，所述支架和外罩构件的端面彼此互补地成形。
于是也可以称之为支架与外罩构件的一个共同的端面。如果该端面例如由于外罩构件的弯曲而弯曲，该端面的相交平面应理解为相应弯曲的面。
这种构成方式也使如下概率最小化，即，在检测区域中可察觉光学上起作用的环境影响、如湿气和/或污物。
按照一种实施方式，所述外罩构件(特别是也)在支架的端面特别是垂直投影到外罩构件中的投影区域中构成为对于激光辐射可穿透的。
由此，这样构造所述外罩构件，使得用于与支架连接的激光辐射可以引导穿过外罩构件(Ausnahmebauteil)、而不使其材料结构改变，因为没有出现(显著的)热量输入。
按照一种实施方式，所述热量输入通过将两个或更多个引导穿过外罩构件的激光射束的叠加进行、特别是叠加在支架中的截平面(Schnittebene)或靠近截平面。
通过叠加多个激光射束，可以使对外罩构件的激光透明度的要求设定得更低，因为在外罩构件中的任意位置处(与通过一个唯一的激光射束实施的焊接连接相比)更小的热功率被引导穿过外罩构件。
按照一种实施方式，激光射束在支架的端面上的入射点和/或叠加的激光射束的聚焦点随时间移动，以便实现线状焊缝。
附图说明
本发明的其他优势和应用可能性从以下描述与各附图相关联地得出。
图1以剖切的侧视图示出按照本发明的一种示例性的实施方式的用于环境检测的设备。
图2以从前方沿着图1中绘出的剖切线A-A的剖视图示出图1中的设备。
图3示出用于制造图1中的设备的示例性的第一方法。
图4示出用于制造图1中的设备的示例性的另一个方法。
图5借助图2的剖视图示出图3中的示例性的方法的方法步骤。
具体实施方式
图1示出用于除此之外未示出的机动车的环境检测的设备1，所述设备特别是设置用于间距和速度监视。
设备1具有激光检测装置2，所述激光检测装置构成为LIDAR单元并且具有激光发射器4以及检测传感器件6。检测传感器件具有检测区域8，所述检测区域特别是完全包含激光发射器4的发射区域。LIDAR单元优选地具有未示出的具有保护玻璃的壳体。
此外，设备1具有与检测装置2(通过壳体)固定连接的支架10，所述支架设置为用于将检测装置2安置于机动车的未示出的车身，从而所述检测装置2没有显著间隙地与车身固定地设置。支架由不可由激光穿透的、但可由激光融化的材料、特别是塑料材料构成或者至少在其端面的区域中具有这样的材料。
设备1还具有与支架10固定连接的外罩构件12，所述外罩构件在所述实施例中完全对于激光4的波长可穿透。外罩构件12特别是在可见的波长范围中不透明、亦即不可穿透地构，从而所述外罩构件在所述实施例中看上去是黑色的。
Lidar单元仅通过支架10与车辆连接，从而所述Lidar单元仅由外罩构件12保持。外罩构件12在比支架10明显更大的面积上延伸，从而由外部不可见的是Lidar单元所处的位置或者外罩构件12的用作用于Lidar单元的前端(Radom)的区段。
在未示出的实施例中，外罩构件12也可以构成为对于任意波长的激光辐射可穿透的和/或仅在检测区域8中构成为完全可由激光穿透的。
在每种情况下，支架10具有环形的端面11，并且外罩构件12具有端面13。所述两个端面11和13彼此面向并且这样构成为全等的，使得所述两个端面贴靠在彼此上。
借助于环绕的、构成闭合的圆环的塑料焊缝14(也对照图2)，支架10和外罩构件12在彼此面向的端面11和13上彼此材料锁合地连接。焊缝14在所述实施例中在端面11和13上径向向外地与检测区域8间隔开距离以及径向向内地与支架10的外壳轮廓9间隔开距离。
按照这种方式，支架10通过焊缝14固定地且不可无损坏拆卸地连接外罩构件12，所述焊缝完全容纳在支架10与外罩构件12的相互贴靠的塑料体的内部中。
连接部位的所述优化的定位可以借助于按照图3或4中的实施例之一所述的制造方法来实现，其方式为，用于接合的激光辐射穿过外罩构件12施加到连接部位上。
由此可以实现，所述支架和所述外罩构件可靠地在机动车的寿命上保持其彼此间的位置和因此对于激光(Leser)的保持不变的光学关系。
焊缝14在端面11和13上完全环绕检测窗16地构成，所述检测窗穿过端面与检测区域8的相交平面来定义。由此，在支架10与外罩构件12之间的间隔空间相对于湿气和污物密封。
在图2的剖视图A-A中特别是能良好地看出，焊缝14具有其沿径向方向向径向外部与检测窗16并且向径向内部与支架10的外壳轮廓9间隔开的距离(Beanstandung)。
在图3中示出用于制造设备1的示例性的第一方法。
示出了，支架10和外罩构件12已经以相互贴靠的端面11和13来彼此定位。
借助于激光焊头21将端面11和13借助于一个唯一的激光射束20彼此焊接。
为了焊接使所述激光射束引导穿过外罩构件12，其中，基于外罩构件12的激光可穿透的构成方案在那里不发生热量产生，而是在激光射束20入射到支架10的端面11上时才发生热量产生。因为支架10不是由激光可穿透的塑料构成。
在支架10与外罩构件12之间的连接因此穿过对于激光透明的外罩构件12借助于激光射束20而引入，其方式为，支架10的材料在其端面11上融化，并且通过所述热量输入也使外罩构件12的材料在其端面13上融化。
在图4中示出用于制造设备1的示例性的第二方法。所述示例性的第二方法与按照图3所示的区别特别是在于，在端面11上到支架10中的热量输入通过叠加两个激光射束20.1和20.2进行，这两个激光射束分开地引导穿过外罩构件。
通过叠加(从焊头21和22出发的)所述两个激光射束20.1和20.2，热量输入可以在位置上非常准确地限制于所述两个射束20和21.2的重叠部位。
在图5中针对于按照图3的示例性的第一方法示出，图2中的环绕的焊缝14如何通过焊头21的移动或者说枢转而逐渐地引入。不言而喻地，在按照图4的第二示例方法中也规定类似的操作，其中，焊头21和22这样枢转或者说移动，使得所述两个激光射束20.1和20.2的叠加点相应地移动。
附图标记列表
1 环境检测设备
2 激光检测装置
4 激光发射器
6 检测传感器件
8 检测区域
9 支架的外壳轮廓
10 支架
11 支架的端侧
12 外罩构件
13 外罩构件的端侧
14 塑料焊缝
16 检测窗
20 激光射束
21、22 激光焊头

Claims (15)

1.用于机动车的环境检测的设备(1)，所述设备包括：
-激光检测装置(2)，
-与检测装置(2)固定连接的支架(10)，所述支架设置为用于将检测装置安置于机动车的车身，
-外罩构件(12)，所述外罩构件完全地或至少在检测区域(8)中对于所述激光的波长和/或对于任意波长的激光辐射是可穿透的，其中，所述支架和所述外罩构件分别具有端面(11、13)，该端面面向另一个端面(13、11)，
其特征在于，
所述支架和所述外罩构件在彼此面向的端面上固定地相互连接。
2.按照权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述连接在所述端面上沿径向方向与支架的外壳轮廓(9)间隔开距离地构成。
3.按照前述权利要求之一所述的设备，其特征在于，所述连接借助于至少一个融化的区域、特别是借助于一个或更多个塑料焊点和/或焊缝(20、20.1、20.2)在相应的端面上构成在所述支架中和/或所述外罩构件中。
4.按照前述权利要求之一所述的设备，其特征在于，所述连接在各端面上完全环绕检测窗(16)地构成。
5.按照前述权利要求之一所述的设备，其特征在于，所述支架和外罩构件的端面彼此互补地成形。
6.按照前述权利要求之一所述的设备，其特征在于，所述外罩构件也在支架的端面投影到外罩构件的区域中构成为对于激光辐射可穿透的。
7.按照前述权利要求之一所述的设备，其特征在于，所述激光检测装置(2)具有特别是基本上封闭的壳体，并且所述壳体装配在支架(10)上。
8.按照前述权利要求之一所述的设备，其特征在于，所述支架(10)仅通过外罩构件与机动车连接。
9.按照前述权利要求之一所述的设备，其特征在于，所述激光检测装置(2)仅通过支架紧固在机动车上。
10.用于制造环境检测设备(1)的方法，所述环境检测设备特别是按照前述权利要求之一所述地构成，所述方法具有如下步骤：
-将外罩构件(12)的端面(13)和支架(10)的端面(11)彼此定位，
-借助于至少一个激光射束(20；20.1、20.2)将各端面相互焊接，
其特征在于，
为了焊接使所述至少一个激光射束引导穿过外罩构件(12)。
11.按照权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，热量输入通过两个或更多个引导穿过外罩构件的激光射束(20.1、20.2)的叠加来进行，所述叠加特别是在支架中的截平面中或靠近截平面。
12.按照权利要求10或11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述激光射束在支架的端面上的入射点和/或叠加的激光射束的聚焦点随时间移动。
13.按照权利要求10至12之一所述的方法，其特征在于如下步骤：将激光检测装置(2)的特别是封闭的壳体装配在支架(10)上。
14.按照权利要求10至13之一所述的设备，其特征在于，所述支架(10)仅通过外罩构件与机动车连接。
15.按照权利要求10至14之一所述的设备，其特征在于，将激光检测装置(2)仅通过支架紧固在机动车上。
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