CN116169097A - 形成SiOC和SiOCN低k间隔物的方法 - Google Patents

形成SiOC和SiOCN低k间隔物的方法 Download PDF

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CN116169097A
CN116169097A CN202211456765.7A CN202211456765A CN116169097A CN 116169097 A CN116169097 A CN 116169097A CN 202211456765 A CN202211456765 A CN 202211456765A CN 116169097 A CN116169097 A CN 116169097A
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reaction chamber
oxygen
silane
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iodine
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刘泽铖
V.波雷
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ASM IP Holding BV
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Abstract

公开了用于沉积SiOC和SiOCN膜的方法。示例性方法利用包含碘和醇盐的前体,并且可以用于使用无氧PEALD形成低k间隔物。

Description

形成SiOC和SiOCN低k间隔物的方法
技术领域
本公开总体涉及用于沉积碳氧化硅(SiOC)和碳氮氧化硅(SiOCN)膜的改进方法。
背景技术
在半导体器件的制造过程中,随着器件按比例缩小,对用于形成集成间隔物的改进技术的需求增加。95%以上的保形性、低介电常数(低k)、良好的电绝缘、低湿蚀刻速率(优选在0.5%稀释的氢氟酸(HF)溶液中低于
Figure BDA0003953263110000011
),并且当在沉积间隔物之前预沉积金属时,不需要金属氧化。氮化硅(SiN)由于其高热稳定性和良好的蚀刻选择性而是通常最广泛使用的集成间隔物。然而,SiN的介电常数约为7.5,这是不期望的高,并且会由于较小器件中的寄生电容而导致电阻电容(RC)延迟受到抑制。在当前的逻辑应用中,栅极间隔物厚度(6至4nm)的适度缩放通常需要低于3.5的低k值以获得更好的固有性能。此外,像DRAM这样的存储器件通常需要具有低于4.4的低k值和高热稳定性的位线(BL)间隔物。
碳氧化硅(SiOC)和碳氮氧化硅(SiOCN)膜可以高保形性沉积。Si-O键产生约3.9的介电常数,并且额外的Si-C键合可以显著降低湿蚀刻速率(WER)以改进蚀刻选择性。
不同的沉积方法先前已经显示出产生不同的SiOC膜质量。例如,PECVD已经显示出产生具有真正Si-C键合的高度致密的SiOC膜,但当间距小时不能产生良好的保形性。作为另一示例,使用具有H2等离子体和含醇盐的Si前体的无氧PEALD已经显示出形成具有Si-C键合的SiOC膜,但由于弱的高能离子诱导致密化,侧壁质量并不理想。因此,需要用于形成低k间隔物的改进方法。
本部分中阐述的问题和解决方案的任何讨论已被包括在本公开中,仅仅是为了提供本公开的背景,并且不应被认为是承认任何或所有讨论在本发明做出时是已知的。
发明内容
本公开的示例性实施例提供了用于沉积SiOC和SiOCN膜的方法。虽然下面更详细地讨论了本公开的各种实施例解决现有方法的缺点的方式,但总体上,本公开的各种实施例提供了使用包含碘和醇盐的Si前体来沉积低kSiOC和SiOCN膜的方法。
根据本公开的示例,一种在衬底表面上沉积材料的方法包括:在反应室内提供衬底;在反应室内提供由包含硅、至少一个碘和至少一个包括碳和氧的官能团的化学式表示的前体;以及在反应室内提供等离子体。
在各种实施例中,氧键合到硅和碳。在各种实施例中,至少一个包括碳和氧的官能团包含C1-C6烷基和C6芳基中的一个或多个。在各种实施例中,前体由通式I表示:
Figure BDA0003953263110000021
/>
其中,X1、X2、X3和X4中的至少一个是至少一个碘中的碘,并且X1、X2、X3和X4中的至少一个是至少一个包括碳和氧的官能团中的包括碳和氧的官能团。在各种实施例中,X1、X2、X3和X4中的两个是至少一个碘中的碘,并且X1、X2、X3和X4中的两个是至少一个包括碳和氧的官能团中的包括碳和氧的官能团。在各种实施例中,X1、X2、X3和X4中的三个是至少一个碘中的碘,并且X1、X2、X3和X4中的一个是至少一个包括碳和氧的官能团中的包括碳和氧的官能团。
在各种实施例中,包括碳和氧的官能团包括C1-C6醇盐或C1-C4醇盐或C1-C3醇盐。
在各种实施例中,前体包括以下中的一种或多种:三乙氧基碘硅烷、碘三苯氧基硅烷、[(三碘甲硅烷基)氧基]苯、三碘丙氧基硅烷、乙氧基三碘硅烷、三碘甲氧基硅烷、二碘二苯氧基硅烷、二碘二丙氧基硅烷、二碘二甲氧基硅烷、碘三丙氧基硅烷和碘三甲氧基硅烷。
在各种实施例中,提供等离子体的步骤不包括向反应室提供氧化剂。在各种实施例中,通过使H2、N2和NH3中的一种或多种流向反应室来形成等离子体。
在各种实施例中,该方法包括等离子体增强循环(例如原子层沉积)过程。
在各种实施例中,该方法还包括在提供前体之后吹扫反应室。在各种实施例中,该方法还包括在提供等离子体之后吹扫反应室。在一些实施例中,在吹扫反应室时,不向反应室提供RF功率。
在各种实施例中,反应室内的温度介于约100℃和约500℃之间,介于约200℃和约400℃之间,或介于约250℃和约350℃之间。在各种实施例中,反应室内的压力介于约300和1000Pa之间,或介于约1000和约3000Pa之间。
在各种实施例中,材料包括碳氧化硅和碳氮氧化硅中的一种或多种。
在各种实施例中,该方法在衬底上形成间隔物。
根据本公开的进一步实施例,提供了一种器件结构。可以根据这里阐述的方法形成器件结构。
根据本公开的另外示例,提供了一种系统,其配置为执行这里描述的方法和/或形成器件结构。
通过参考附图对某些实施例的以下详细描述,这些和其他实施例对于本领域技术人员来说将变得显而易见;本发明不限于所公开的任何特定实施例。
附图说明
当结合以下说明性附图考虑时,通过参考详细描述和权利要求,可以获得对本公开的示例性实施例的更完整的理解。
图1示出了根据先前已知方法的表面反应机理。
图2示出了根据本公开的至少一个实施例的膜沉积方法。
图3示出了根据本公开的至少一个实施例的结构。
图4示出了根据本公开的至少一个实施例的系统。
图5示出了根据本公开的至少一个实施例的另一结构。
图6示出了根据本公开的至少一个实施例的时序。
应当理解,附图中的元件是为了简单和清楚而示出的,并不一定是按比例绘制的。例如,图中的一些元件的尺寸可能相对于其他元件被夸大,以有助于提高对本公开的所示实施例的理解。
具体实施例
尽管下面公开了某些实施例和示例,但本领域技术人员将理解,本发明延伸超过本文描述的具体公开的实施例和/或用途及其明显的修改和等同物。因此,意图是所公开的本发明的范围不应被下面描述的具体公开的实施例所限制。
如本文所用,术语“衬底”可以指可用于形成或可在其上形成器件、电路或膜的晶片或者任何一种或多种底层材料。此外,衬底可以包括各种特征,例如在衬底层的至少一部分内或上形成的凹槽、线条等。
在一些实施例中,术语“膜”和“层”可以互换使用,并且是指在垂直于厚度方向的方向上延伸以覆盖整个目标或相关表面的层,或者仅仅是覆盖目标或相关表面的层。在一些实施例中,术语“膜”或“层”是指在表面上形成的具有一定厚度的结构。膜或层可以由具有某些特性的离散的单个膜或层构成。可替代地,膜或层可以由多个膜或层构成,并且相邻膜或层之间的边界可以清晰或不清晰,并且可以基于物理、化学和/或任何其他特征、形成过程或顺序和/或相邻膜或层的功能或目的来建立或不建立。
在一些实施例中,“气体”可以包括在常温常压下为气体的材料、蒸发的固体和/或蒸发的液体,并且可以由单一气体或气体混合物构成,这取决于情况。气体可以包括处理气体、蚀刻气体或通过衬底处理装置的其他气体,例如通过基座、喷淋板、气体分配装置、气体供应设备、电极等。
在一些实施例中,术语“前体”通常是指参与产生另一种化合物的化学反应的化合物,特别是指构成膜基质或膜主骨架的化合物,而术语“反应物”是指除了前体之外的化合物,其活化前体、改性前体或催化前体的反应,其中当施加RF功率时,反应物可以向膜基质提供元素(例如H和/或N)并成为膜基质的一部分。
此外,在本公开中,变量的任何两个数字可以构成该变量的可行范围,并且所指示的任何范围可以包括或不包括端点。此外,所指出的变量的任何值(不管它们是否用“约”表示)可以指精确值或近似值,并且包括等同物,并且在一些实施例中可以指平均值、中间值、代表性值、多数值等。此外,在本公开中,术语“包括”、“由...构成”和“具有”在一些实施例中独立地指“通常或广义地包括”、“包含”、“基本由...构成”或“由...构成”。在本公开中,任何定义的含义在一些实施例中不一定排除普通和常规的含义。除非另有说明,本文所述的百分比是绝对百分比。
应当理解,术语“包括”是开放式的,并且不排除其他元件或部件的存在,除非上下文清楚地另外指示。术语“包括”包括“由…组成”的意思。术语“由…组成”表示除了所提到的特征或部件之外,不存在其他特征或部件,除非上下文另有说明。
在PEALD SiN过程中,在350-400℃的较高温度下,I2SiH2前体在前体供给步骤中在侧壁上形成致密的表面物质。表面反应如图1所示。由于碘在高温下的不稳定性,I2SiH2前体是独特的。
本文描述了使用包含碘和醇盐的Si前体在衬底上沉积材料的方法。通过使用碘,可以在高温(例如500℃)下的前体供给步骤期间改善侧壁质量。此外,醇盐配体避免使用氧化等离子体,从而防止金属氧化。在一些实施例中,该方法在衬底上形成间隔物。
图2示出了根据本公开实施例的在衬底表面上沉积材料的方法200。方法200包括以下步骤:在反应室内提供衬底(步骤202),向反应室提供包括硅、碘、碳和氧的前体(步骤204),从反应室吹扫过量前体(步骤206),在反应室内提供等离子体(步骤208),以及从反应室吹扫过量活性物质(步骤210)。
在步骤202期间,在反应室内提供衬底。反应室内的温度可以达到用于后续处理的温度和压力。在各种实施例中,反应室内的温度介于约100℃和约500℃之间、介于约200℃和约400℃之间或介于约250℃和约350℃之间。在各种实施例中,反应室内的压力介于约300Pa和约1000Pa之间或介于约1000Pa和约3000Pa之间。
在步骤204期间,包括硅、碘、碳和氧的前体被提供给反应室。在各种实施例中,前体包含硅、至少一个碘和至少一个包括碳和氧的官能团。在各种实施例中,氧键合到硅和碳。在各种实施例中,至少一个包括碳和氧的官能团包括C1-C6烷基和C6芳基中的一个或多个。在各种实施例中,前体由通式I表示:
Figure BDA0003953263110000051
其中,X1、X2、X3和X4中的至少一个是至少一个碘中的碘,并且X1、X2、X3和X4中的至少一个是至少一个包括碳和氧的官能团中的包括碳和氧的官能团。在各种实施例中,在通式I中,X1、X2、X3和X4中的至少两个是至少一个碘中的碘,并且X1、X2、X3和X4中的两个是至少一个包括碳和氧的官能团中的包括碳和氧的官能团。在各种实施例中,在通式I中,X1、X2、X3和X4中的三个是至少一个碘中的碘,并且X1、X2、X3和X4中的一个是至少一个包括碳和氧的官能团中的包括碳和氧的官能团。
步骤204期间前体的流量可以在约50和约1000sccm之间。步骤204的持续时间可以在约0.15秒和约4秒之间。在一些实施例中,包括碳和氧的官能团包括C1-C6醇盐或C1-C4醇盐或C1-C3醇盐。
在优选实施例中,前体包括表1中所示的一种或多种化合物。
表1
Figure BDA0003953263110000061
/>
Figure BDA0003953263110000071
在可选步骤206中,从反应室中吹扫过量前体。
在步骤208中,向反应室提供等离子体。在优选实施例中,等离子体是H2等离子体、N2等离子体、NH3等离子体或N2+H2等离子体。也就是说,通过向反应室提供包括H2、N2、NH3或N2和H2的组合的反应物气体,并且使用等离子体功率形成等离子体,从而形成等离子体。反应物气体的流量可以在约10和6000sccm之间。对于300nm的衬底,等离子体功率可以在约30和1500W之间。
在可选步骤210中,从反应室中吹扫过量反应物质。
步骤204-210可以构成沉积循环;可以重复沉积循环,直到沉积的材料达到期望的厚度。
图3示出了根据本公开的示例性实施例的结构300。结构300包括衬底304和SiOC和/或SiOCN层302。层302可以至少部分地根据本文所述的方法形成,例如方法200。SiOC层是包含硅、氧、碳的层,并且可以包含杂质,其程度使得这些杂质不会显著改变SiOC层的特性。类似地,SiOCN层是包含硅、氧、碳、氮和不可避免的杂质的层,杂质程度使得这些杂质不会显著改变SiOCN层的特性。
图5示出了根据本公开的示例性实施例的结构500。结构500包括衬底504、特征506以及SiOC和/或SiOCN间隔物502。间隔物502可以至少部分地根据本文所述的方法形成,例如方法200。特征506可以是例如栅极或其一部分,或者沉积在衬底504上的其他材料。
图4示出了根据本公开的示例性实施例的系统400。系统400可用于执行本文所述的方法和/或形成本文所述的结构或其一部分。
系统400包括包含反应空间404的反应室402、支撑衬底410的基座408、气体分配组件412、气体供应系统406、等离子体功率源414和真空源420。系统400还可以包括控制器422,以控制系统400的各种部件。
反应室402可以包括任何合适的反应室,例如等离子体增强原子层沉积(PEALD)或等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)反应室。
基座408可以包括一个或多个加热器,以将衬底410加热到期望的温度,例如这里提到的温度。此外,基座408可以形成电极。在图示的示例中,基座408形成耦合到接地416的电极。
气体分配组件412可以将气体分配到反应空间404。根据本公开的示例性实施例,气体分配组件412包括喷淋头,其可以形成电极。在图示的示例中,气体分配组件412耦合到电源414,电源414向气体分配组件412提供功率,以通过反应空间404(在气体分配组件412和基座408之间)产生等离子体。电源414可以是例如RF电源。
气体供应系统406可以包括一个或多个气体源424和426以及前体源430。气体源424可以包括例如容器和本文所述的反应物气体。前体源430可以包括如本文所述的容器和前体。真空源420可以包括任何合适的真空泵,例如干式泵。真空源420可以通过管线418和可控阀438耦合到反应室402。
控制器422可以包括电子电路和软件,以选择性地操作系统400的阀、加热器、热电偶、泵等。这种电路和部件用于从源424、426和430引入前体、反应物和吹扫气体。控制器422可以控制气体脉冲序列的定时、衬底和/或反应室的温度、反应室内的压力以及各种其他操作,以提供系统400的正确操作。控制器422可以包括控制软件,以电动或气动控制阀来控制前体、反应物和吹扫气体流入和流出反应室402。控制器422可以包括执行某些任务的模块,比如软件或硬件部件,例如FPGA或ASIC。模块可以有利地配置为驻留在控制系统的可寻址存储介质上,并且配置为执行一个或多个过程。
图6示出了适用于方法200的时序600。在时序600中,在源供给步骤602,将前体提供给反应室,随后是源吹扫步骤604。然后在RF开启步骤606,施加等离子体,随后是后(等离子体)吹扫步骤608。可以重复顺序步骤602-608,直到沉积的材料达到期望的厚度。如时序600所示,在整个过程中,反应物气体和载气/吹扫气体可以连续流入反应空间。
在一些实施例中,源供给步骤602对应于步骤204;源吹扫步骤604对应于步骤206;RF开启步骤606对应于步骤208;后吹扫步骤608对应于方法200的步骤210。
上述公开的示例实施例不限制本发明的范围,因为这些实施例仅仅是本发明实施例的示例。任何等同的实施例都在本发明的范围内。实际上,除了在此示出和描述的那些之外,本公开的各种修改,例如所描述的元件的可替代的有用组合,对于本领域技术人员来说从描述中会变得显而易见。这种修改和实施例也旨在落入所附权利要求的范围内。

Claims (20)

1.一种在衬底表面上沉积材料的方法,包括:
在反应室内提供衬底;
在反应室内提供由包含硅、至少一个碘和至少一个包括碳和氧的官能团的化学式表示的前体;以及
在反应室内提供等离子体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述氧键合到所述硅和碳。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,所述至少一个包括碳和氧的官能团包含C1-C6烷基和C6芳基中的一个或多个。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述前体由通式I表示:
Figure FDA0003953263100000011
其中,X1、X2、X3和X4中的至少一个是所述至少一个碘中的碘,并且X1、X2、X3和X4中的至少一个是所述至少一个包括碳和氧的官能团中的包括碳和氧的官能团。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中,X1、X2、X3和X4中的两个是所述至少一个碘中的碘,并且X1、X2、X3和X4中的两个是所述至少一个包括碳和氧的官能团中的包括碳和氧的官能团。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中,X1、X2、X3和X4中的三个是所述至少一个碘中的碘,并且X1、X2、X3和X4中的一个是所述至少一个包括碳和氧的官能团中的包括碳和氧的官能团。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述包括碳和氧的官能团包括C1-C6醇盐或C1-C4醇盐或C1-C3醇盐。
8.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述前体包括以下中的一种或多种:三乙氧基碘硅烷、碘三苯氧基硅烷、[(三碘甲硅烷基)氧基]苯、三碘丙氧基硅烷、乙氧基三碘硅烷、三碘甲氧基硅烷、二碘二苯氧基硅烷、二碘二丙氧基硅烷、二碘二甲氧基硅烷、碘三丙氧基硅烷和碘三甲氧基硅烷。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的方法,其中,提供等离子体的步骤不包括向所述反应室提供氧化剂。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的方法,其中,通过使H2、N2和NH3中的一种或多种流向所述反应室来形成所述等离子体。
11.根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述方法包括等离子体增强原子层沉积过程。
12.根据权利要求1-11中任一项所述的方法,还包括在提供所述前体之后吹扫所述反应室。
13.根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的方法,还包括在提供所述等离子体之后吹扫所述反应室。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中,在吹扫所述反应室时,不向所述反应室提供RF功率。
15.根据权利要求1-14中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述反应室内的温度介于约100℃和约500℃之间、介于约200℃和约400℃之间或介于约250℃和约350℃之间。
16.根据权利要求1-15中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述反应室内的压力介于约300和1000Pa之间或介于约1000和约3000Pa之间。
17.根据权利要求1-16中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述材料包括碳氧化硅和碳氮氧化硅中的一种或多种。
18.根据权利要求1-17中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述方法在衬底上形成间隔物。
19.一种根据权利要求1-17中任一项所述的方法形成的结构。
20.一种用于执行根据权利要求1-17中任一项所述的方法的系统。
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